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Soybean in Tropical and Subtropical Cropping Systems

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Soybean in Tropical and Subtropical Cropping Systems SOYBEAN IN TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL CROPPING SYSTEMS PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM TSUKUBA, JAPAN 26 SEPTEMBER - I OCTOBER 1983 Revised Edition SOYBEAN IN TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL CROPPING SYSTEMS PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM TSUKUBA, JAPAN 26 SEPTEMBER - 1 GCTODER 1983 Revised Idition 1986 -dRC~p The Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center Shanhua, Taiwan, China Symposium Coordinator & Scientific Editor S. Shanmugasundaram Soybean Breeder, AVRIXC Publication Editors E. W. Sulzberger and B. T. MCLean Assoeiat( Information ()flieer, AVRII)C R(-Neisd Idiiotn, 1986 AVII)C Publication No. 86-253 ISBN 92-9058-0022-6 Layout Typing L. S. Cheng and M. H. Yang Macy Lo and Coco Wang Art work and cover design Printing L. S. Cheng C. C. Wang and T. R. Cheng International Symposium on Soybean TARC * AVRDC Sept. 26 - Oct. 1, 1983 Tsukuba Japan Contents Foreword xiv Section I Cropping Systems 1. Increasing Tropical Soybean Production With Improved 1 Cropping Systems and Management Djuber Pasaribu and Jerry L. McIntosh 2. Soybean Response to Intercropping With Cassava 13 J. S. Tsay, S. Fukai, and G. L. Wilson 3. Soybean in Rice-Based Farming Systems: The IRRI Experience 25 Virgilio R. Carangal 4. Soybean Sole Cropping and Intercropping in Temperate and 37 Subtropical Environments D. Keith Whigham and Maheswar P. Bharati 5. Yield Stability of Sole-Crop and Intercrop Planting System 49 T. G. Kelley and J. A. Jackobs 6. Soybean-Coconut Intercropping 57 M. de. S. Liyanage and M. P. L. D. Martin 7. Soybean Intercropping With Rubber and Oil Palm 61 C. Mak and T. C. Yap 8. Minimum Tillage Soybean Following Rice in Thailand 67 Amnuay Tongdee 9. Soybean Cropping Systems in Tamil Nadu, India 71 K. Palaniyappan viii 10. Soybean Cropping, Systems in Southern India 73 G. Thulasidass, S. Selvaraj, and G. Vijayakumar 11. The Potential of Soybean in Indian Cropping Systems 77 R. N. Trikha 12, Cropping Systems and Soybean Production in Bangladesh 81 Lutfur Rahman 13. Breeding Soybean for Chinese Cropping Systems 87 Wang Jin-Ling 14. Soybean Cropping Systems in Taiwan 91 Chan Kuo-Lein 15. Intensifying '.and and Nutrient Equivalent Ratios by 101 Intercropping Corn and Soybean in Egypt Sayed Galal, Jr., M. M. F. Abdalla, and A. A. Metwally 16. Soybean-Based Cropping Systems in Korea 107 Y. H. Hwang, E. H. Hong, and S. D. Kim 17. Soybean Cropping Systems in Thailand: Technical and 113 Socio-Economic Aspects Vichitr Benjasil and Arwooth Na-Lampang Discussion Section I 119 Section II Plant Breeding 18. Soybean Breeding for Multiple and Intensive Cropping 121 Systems in Indonesia Sumarno 19. Early Maturing Soybean for Intensive Cropping Systems 127 Omar 0. Hlidayat 20. Strategies for Breeding Soybean for Intercropping and 129 Multiple Cropping Systems Ricardo M. Lantican and Rudy S. Navarro 21. Breeding Tropical Soybean for Superior Seed Longevity 133 and for Nodulation With Indigenous Rhizobia K. E. Dashiell, E. A. Kueneman, W. R. Root, and S. R. Singh 22. Soybean Breeding for the Brazilian Tropics 141 Romeu A. S. Kiihl, Irineu A. Bays, and Leones A. Almeida 23. Soybean in the Brazilian Tropics 145 C. R. Spehar, P. I. M. Souza, and G. Urben Filho 24. Breeding for Soybean Virus Resistance 151 Koji Hashimoto 25. Breeding for Nematode and Insect Resistance 159 Torao Ohba and Shigeo Matsumoto 26. T-DNA Transfer in Soybean 165 Lian-Zheng Wang, Guang-Chu Yin, Jiao-Fen Luo, Bo-Jun Lei, Ji-An Wang, Zhen-Chun Yao, Xiu-Lan Li, Qi-Quan Shao, Xing-Chun Jiang, and Ze-Qi Zhou Discussion Section II 169 Section III Management 27. Saturated Soil Culture - An Innovative Water Management 171 Option for Soybean in the Tropics and Subtropics R. .1.Troedson, A. 1L.Garside, R. J. Lawn, D. E. Byth, and G. L. Wilson x 28. Soybean Genotypic Rcsponses for Minimum and Maximum 181 Input in Different Seasons S. Shanmugasundaram and T. S. Toung 29. Maximum Yield and Maximum Economic Yield for Soybean 189 J. L. Sanders 30. Agronomic Requirements for Wet and Dry Season Soybean 203 C. D. Dharmasena 31. Soybean Weed Control 209 A. Sajjapongse and M. II.Wu 32. The Influence of Planting Method and Mulching on Soybean 215 Seed Yield T. Adisarwanto 33. The Development and Testing of a Manual Soybean Seeder 219 Cajendra Singl­ 34. Wheat-Soybean Double-Crop Management in Missouri 223 Harry C. Minor and Zane Helsel Discussion Section III 233 Section IV Diseases and Insects 35. Recent Advances in Soybean Rust Research 237 A. T. Tschanz, T. C. Wang, and B. Y. Tsai 36. Differential Reactions of Phakopsora Pachyrhizi on 247 Soybean in Taiwan Chung-Chuan Yeh xi 37. Soybean Disease Control Strategies for the Tropics and 251 Subtropics James B. Sinclair 38. The Beanfly Pest Complex of Tropical Soybean 257 N. S. Talekar and B. S. Chen Discussion Section IV 273 Section V Plant Nutrition 39. Developing Cost Effective Rhizobium Technology for the 275 Tropics and Subtropics P. Singleton, J. Burton, F. Cady, R. Davis, and J. Halliday 40. Quantifying N2 Fixation in Field-Grown 15 Soybeans Using 285 N Isotope Dilution R. J. Rennie 41. Response of Soybean to Supplemental Nitrogen After 301 Flowering Iwao Watanabe, Kohsei Tabuchi, and Hiroshi Nakano 42. Soil Tests for Predicting Soybean Phosphorus and 309 Potassium Requirements T. Dickson, P. W. Moody, G. F. Haydon 43. Soybean Tolerance to Manganese in the Tropics 313 H. A. A. Mascarenhas, M. A. C. de Miranda, and E. A. Bulisani Discussion Section V 319 Soybean Nodulation Guide 321 xii Section VI Physiology 44. The Physiology of Soybean Yield Improvement 323 Akira Tanaka 45. Soybean Adaptation to Photo-Thermal Environments and 333 Implications for Screening Germplasm R. J. Summerfield, S. Shanmugasundaram, E. H. Roberts, and P. Hadley 46. Photoperiod and Temperature Effects on the Growth and 353 Reproductive Behavior of less Photoperiod-Sensitive Soybean Jun Inouve and S. Shanmugasundaram 47. Adaptation of Soybean to Subtropical and Tropical 361 Environments in Australia R. J. Lawn, J. 1). Mayers, I). F. Beech, A. L. Garside, and D. E. Byth 48. Effect of Water Stress on Soybean Metabolism 373 Yoshio Yamada and Yasuo Fukutoku 49. Yield Response of Selected Soybean Cultivars to Water 383 Stress During Different Reproductive Growth Periods Suwit Laohasiriwong 50. Physiological Requirements of Soybean in Tropical 387 Cropping Systems Aphiphan Pookpakdi Discussion Section VI 393 Section Vii Economics 51. The Economics of Small- and Large-Scale Soybean Pro- 395 duction in the Philippines Edwin C. Price and Thelma R. Paris xiii 52. The Economics of Soybean in Indonesia 403 Sultoni Arifin 53. The Development of Multi-Cropping Systems and Soybean 409 Production in the Asian-Pacific Region Yong-kyu Chung Section VIII Related Topics 54. Improved Soybean Cultivars in Tanzania 417 Andrew L. Doto 55. Soybean in Burkina Faso - Agronomic Studies and 421 Development Prospects Christian Picasso 56. Soybean in the Ivory Coast 427 Diallo Roger 57. Irrigated Soybean Production in Egypt 429 A. M. Nassib, K. G. Cassman, M. Z. Hassan, M. H. El-Sherbeeny, S. T. Abdalla 58. Soybean in Rice-Fallows in the Sunderbans 435 A. K. Dutt 59. The FAO Soybean Development Programme 439 H. A. Al-Jibouri Discussion Section VIII 441 Symposium Participants 443 Author Index 452 Subject Index 459 xiv SOYBEAN CROPPING SYSTEMS Foreword These proceedings cover the cropping systems section of the International Symposium on Soybean held in Tsukuba, Japan, September 26 - October 1, 1983. The proceedings of the first section, which were recently published by the Tropical Agricultural Research Center of Japan (TARC), cover country reports and special research projects. The papers presented in this publication provide a review of soybean cropping systems research from a variety of viewpoints, including those of inter­ national, national, and regional programs. There are also a number of papers from the private sector. The proceedings likewise cover many of the scientific disciplines that relate to cropping systems research in the tropics. In the first chapter the authors review many of the most important tropical soybean cropping systems. This is followed by sections oi breeding soybean for specific cropping systems and the development of complementary management practices. Subsequent sections cover topics such as the nutritional, photoperiodic, and thermal requirements of soybean, as well as the economic potential of the crop. In reviewing the papers, a number of points come to mind. First, there seems to be general recognition of the need to accelerate cropping systems research in the tropics. This was not always the case. In tihe recent past, research was aimed almost exclusively at raising soybean yields rather than developing systems that provide the stability needed to grow soybean under high­ risk conditions. There also seems to be a greater sense of urgency to integrate cropping systems research with disciplines such as plant breeding, crop management, pest control, and plant nutrition. Each has a role to play if we are to succeed in raising the productivity (f soybean in developing countries. This is a hopeful sign and a credit to the many scientists involved. These proceedings also indicate a number of areas which require increased emphasis. There is, for example, repeated reference to the fact that success will ultimately depend upon economic and trading policies that support soybean product ion. FOREWORD xv There is also a strong indication, both directly and obliquely, of the need to ensure that scientists from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds work together so that their research efforts are well coordinated. In that sense, tile symposium has helped to create a context in which scientists can cooperate in developing soybean cropping systems and related technologies. There are clear indications that researchers from different program- are willing to pool their resources and work together towards a common goal.
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