CONTRACT WP 9711 DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY - FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION
CAPRICORN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY BLOUBERG LOCAL MUNICIPALITY:
FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR THE TAAIBOSCHGROET GROUNDWATER SCHEME
Including the settlements of: Simpson, Grootpan, Sais, Slaaphoek, Donkerhoek, Voorhout, Royston, Juniorsloop, Berseba, Wegdraai, Ga-Raphokola, Gideon, Thlonasedimong, Eldorado, Fonteine Du Champ, Esaurinca, Louisenthaal, The Grange, Longden, Taaiboschgroet, De Vrede, Kromhoek, Pax, Johannesburg, Lovely, Burgerregt, Edwinsdale, The Glen and Glenferness
DRAFT VERSION 1.2
APRIL 2011
Prepared by Prepared for: SRK Consulting Department of Water Affairs PO Box 55291 Directorate: National Water Resources Planning NORTHLANDS Private Bag X313 2116 PRETORIA, Tel: +27 (0) 11 441 1111 0001 E-mail: [email protected]
RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR TAAIBOSCHGROET GWS REPORT NO. {1}
DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY - FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY - FOR THE TAAIBOSCHGROET GROUNDWATER SCHEME IN BLOUBERG LOCAL MUNICIPALITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The strategy objectives and methodology are presented in a separate report titled “Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ” that should be read in conjunction with this document.
Location and background information This document focuses on the Taaiboschgroet Groundwater Scheme (GWS) which is situated in the north western region in the Blouberg Local Municipality. This scheme includes the settlements of Simpson, Grootpan, Sais, Slaaphoek, Donkerhoek, Voorhout, Royston, Juniorsloop, Berseba, Wegdraai, Ga-Raphokola, Gideon, Thlonasedimong, Eldorado, Fonteine Du Champ, Esaurinca, Louisenthaal, The Grange, Longden, Taaiboschgroet, De Vrede, Kromhoek, Pax, Johannesburg, Lovely, Burgerregt, Edwinsdale, The Glen and Glenferness . All of the settlements within the scheme are rural and are within the municipal area of Wards 13, 16 and 17.
Water for this scheme is from the sourced from groundwater and from two mountain weirs. This scheme falls within the Limpopo Water Management Area (WMA), in the quaternary catchments A63B and A63D of the Mogalakwena sub catchment.
The majority of the population (48.6%) is supplied with water services that are below RDP level; the remainder of the population is above (33.6%) or at (17.8%) the RDP level of service.
Confidence level of information available for the study area The confidence level for information used for this strategy is medium. This is due to the conflicting population data sets having medium level of confidence as well as the confidence in the water supply volume data.
Priority rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy
The Taaiboschgroet GWS considered have a Priority 4 (high) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy, as the cluster is currently deficient of water.
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Conclusions • The Taaiboschgroet GWS has a current water demand estimated at 1.799 Million m 3/a, which is projected to increase to 2.280 Million m 3/a by the year 2030. • Water is currently sourced locally from aquifer along the Taaiboschgroet Fault as well as from two mountain weirs at the base of the Blouberg Mountain. The current water supply from these two resources is estimated at 1.699 Million m 3/a, this is insufficient for the needs of the scheme settlements. • Agriculture is the only other significant user of groundwater, with a registered use of 3.590 Million m 3/a. Agriculture is the main economic activity within the municipality. • The water quality in some areas is poor, but is not treated prior to distribution. The potential exists for mixing of good and poor water qualities to improve the overall distribution quality. • There are a large number of borehole pumps which are not operational, indicating the need for maintenance within the scheme. • Although most settlements are equipped with storage reservoirs or tanks, the current storage capacity is insufficient in some settlement. • 48.6% of the population utilise pit latrines which are below RDP standard. There is no WWTW servicing the scheme. • The current water supply can be augmented from groundwater through the maintenance or re-allocation of 20 (0.620 Million m 3/a) installed boreholes or the installation of new boreholes.
Strategy/Recommendations • Undertake a detailed investigation to determine actual water usages, sustainability of source and availability of future supply. • Develop and implement a Water Conservation and Demand Management plan with clear performance targets. This must include limiting the wasteful use of water in order to control water consumption and utilise the available resources to their full potential and also limit wasteful water use. • Water use should be accurately monitored through a network of water meters which should be recorded on a regular basis. • As a critical step when introducing measures to encourage water conservation, it is important to have an accurate set of baseline data against which any progress can be
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measured. The first priority must therefore be to ensure that there is an adequate network of water meters and accurate readings are recorded on a regular basis.
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2.500
2.000 /a
3 1.500
1.000 Million m Million
0.500
0.000 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Years
Groundwater Supply Surface Water, Weir (Blouberg) Augmentation Measures (Groundwater) Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario) Water Requirements with Augmentation Options and Implementation of WC/WDM Measures
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Below is the strategy for the Taaiboschgroet Groundwater Scheme. It has been accepted and signed by Capricorn District Municipality, Blouberg Local Municipality, DWA Limpopo Regional Office and the DWA Head Office (D: NWRP) as follows:
Town WMA DM WSA WSDP Status
Taaiboschgroet Limpopo Capricorn Capricorn Under GWS District District Capricorn Municipality Municipality District Municipality
Names:…………………………………… Names:……………………………………
Signature:………………………………… Signature:………………………………… Date:……………………………………… Date:……………………………………… Position:…………………...... Position:…………………………… Blouberg Local Municipality Capricorn District Municipality Names:…………………………………… Names:……………………………………
Signature:………………………………… Signature:………………………………… Date:……………………………………… Date:……………………………………… Position:………………………………… Position:……………………………… DWA Regional Office DWA D: National Water Resource Planning
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... i
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 Study area ...... 1
1.2 Regional Setting ...... 1
1.3 Economic Drivers ...... 2
1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area ...... 4
2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 4
3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS ...... 4
3.1 Present Water Requirements and historical water use ...... 4
3.2 Level of services ...... 5
4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS UNTILL 2030 ...... 5
4.1 Future water requirements ...... 5
5 WATER RESOURCES ...... 6
5.1 Surface water resources ...... 6
5.1.1 Water allocations ...... 6
5.1.2 Quality ...... 6
5.2 Groundwater ...... 6
5.2.1 Water allocation/s ...... 7
5.2.2 Other water users from the same source ...... 7
5.2.3 Quality ...... 8
6 WATER BALANCE WITHOUT RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 8
6.1 Water Balance ...... 8
6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy ...... 8
7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 10
7.1 Water treatment plants ...... 10
7.2 Distribution network, reservoirs and infrastructure ...... 10
8 SANITATION ...... 12
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8.1 Level of services ...... 12
8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) ...... 12
8.2.1 Return flows ...... 12
8.2.2 State of WWTW ...... 12
9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 12
9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management (WC/WDM) ...... 13
9.2 Rain water harvesting ...... 13
9.3 Groundwater ...... 13
9.4 Re-use ...... 13
9.5 Local surface water ...... 13
9.6 Buy-out of water allocations/rights ...... 13
9.7 Water Transfer ...... 13
10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 14
10.1 Water Balance ...... 14
11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 16
12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS CHOICE ...... 16
13 REFERENCES ...... 18
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1: Locality Plan ...... 3
Figure 6-1: Future water requirements ...... 9
Figure 10-1: Augmentation Options and Implementation of WC/WDM Measures ...... 15
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3-1: Current service levels ...... 5
Table 4-1: Water Requirement projections...... 6
Table 5-1: Water users dependent on groundwater resource ...... 7
Table 6-1: Future water requirements ...... 8
Table 7-1: Water infrastructure ...... 11
Table 8-1: Current sanitation service levels ...... 12
Table 10-1: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures ...... 14
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ABBREVIATIONS
AADD Average Annual Daily Demand ALC Active Leakage Control CBD Central Business Districts CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research D: NWRP Directorate: National Water Resource Planning DM District Municipality DMA District Meter Area DWA Department of Water Affairs DPLG Department of Provincial and Local government FC Fibre Cement IDP Integrated Development Plan IRP Integrated Resource Planning LOS Level of Service LM Local Municipality MDG Millennium Development Goals Million m3/a Million cubic meters/ annum NRW Non Revenue Water NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective NGDB National Groundwater Database PRV Pressure Reducing Valve RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SA South Africa SDI Spatial Development Initiative SDF Spatial Development Framework UFW Unaccounted for Water
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WARMS Water Use Regis tration and Licensing Management System WC/WDM Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WMA Water Management Area WRC Water Research Commission WRSM2005 Water Resources Simulation Model 2005 WSA Water Services Authority WSDP Water Services Development Plan WS NIS Water Services National Information System WSP Water Services Provider WTW Water Treatment Works WWTW Wastewater Treatment Works
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Aquifer An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be abstracted.
Allocation A water allocation is an authority to take water in areas covered by a resource operations plan.
Catchment The land area drained by a river and its tributaries.
Demand/ A measure of the need for a portion of the supply of water. requirement
Demand Measures available to a Water Service Provider to reduce water demand reduction and improve water use efficiency: for example, water restrictions.
Entitlement A water entitlement is the general term used to describe water authorities granted under the Water Act, 1998 . This can be either a water allocation, interim water allocation or a water licence.
Non Revenue This is the difference between the volume of water into a system and the Water billed authorised consumption for the area being supply by the system.
Reliable yield The quantity of water that can be collected for a given use from a supply source or supply option with a specified degree of certainty and predictability, which is determined through analysis.
Reliability of The probability of providing a specified water entitlement under given supply operating conditions for a specified period of time.
Supply The quantity of water available for meeting a demand.
Supply option A potential future water resource, defined as any location-specific change to water availability, infrastructure or reliable take that will result in the total available supply being increased.
Water balance The differential of demand and supply baseline.
Yield The average annual volume that can be drawn from a supply source or supply option to meet a specified demand at a specified service level. Yield is always associated with some measure of probability of occurrence, whether that is reliability or probability of achieving a level of service. That is, yield is the volume of water drawn to meet demands in a sustainable sense.
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1 INTRODUCTION
The Department of Water Affairs has initiated a study for the development of reconciliation strategies for towns throughout the country in order to ensure effective and efficient management of water resources now and into the future.
The Northern Region study area comprises the water management areas of Limpopo, Luvuvhu and Letaba, Crocodile (West) and Marico, and Olifants and encompasses the Limpopo and portions of Gauteng, North West and Mpumalanga provinces.
This report should be read in conjunction with a separate report titled “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Towns Study – Northern Region ”.
1.1 Study area
This document focuses on the Taaiboschgroet Groundwater Scheme (GWS) which is situated in the north western region in the Blouberg Local Municipality. This scheme includes the settlements of Simpson, Grootpan, Sais, Slaaphoek, Donkerhoek, Voorhout, Royston, Juniorsloop, Berseba, Wegdraai, Ga-Raphokola, Gideon, Thlonasedimong, Eldorado, Fonteine Du Champ, Esaurinca, Louisenthaal, The Grange, Longden, Taaiboschgroet, De Vrede, Kromhoek, Pax, Johannesburg, Lovely, Burgerregt, Edwinsdale, The Glen and Glenferness . All of the settlements within the scheme are rural. Water for this scheme is from the sourced from groundwater and from two mountain weirs.
This settlement falls within the Limpopo Water Management Area (WMA), in the quaternary catchments A63B and A63D of the Mogalakwena sub catchment. The scheme is situated in Ward s 13, 16 and 17 of the municipality. The locality map is presented in Figure 1-1.
1.2 Regional Setting
Blouberg Local Municipality, (BLM) is one of five local municipalities that together form the Capricorn District Municipality, within the Limpopo Province of the Republic of South Africa. The municipality covers an area of approximately 5054 km 2 with 18 wards and around 139 settlements.
The municipality was established in 2000 from the amalgamation or the Northern District Council and the Bochum/My Darling Traditional Local Council. The residents are mostly Bahananwa people, with small portions of Vha-Venda, Afrikaans and English speaking people. Historically, the traditional communities disapproved of the Bantustan and trust systems imposed by the government. The Bantustan government then denied the communities of basic infrastructure and related development, resulting in the current status of
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BLM is situated within the Limpopo WMA. The western side is within the Mogalakwena sub area, and the eastern side is within the Sand sub area.
The Capricorn District Municipality is the Water Service Authority (WSA) and Water Service Provider (WSP) for the municipality.
1.3 Economic Drivers
BLM has a low level of development and consequently has the countries lowest income level. A large percentage of the population is below 21 years of age, creating an economic challenge of unemployment, high dependency ratio and poverty. It is found that an increasing number of households are headed by children, as the parents seek work away from home.
Various processes have been identified by the municipality as having the potential to improve the economy and elevate poverty, these include agro-processing of fruits and the running of an abattoir with offshoot industries such as a hide tannery, beef packaging and deboning factory [9].
The focus of the economy in the region is agriculture. The Marula tree is found in abundance and is used to make traditional beer called Morula, which is sold to create income for the communities. The Capricorn District Municipality has launched small scale farming programs to assist with farming equipment and advice for emerging farmers. Other projects in the municipality include: poverty alleviation projects, land care projects (fencing of grazing camps), funding of livestock equipment as well as goat and cattle breeding projects.
The BLM is situated over mineral deposits such as coal, diamonds, marble, gold, lead, barite and platinum. Although some of these minerals have already been mined, potential for small scale mining still exists in various areas around the municipality, although the economic viability of abstracting these resources needs to be considered [9].
There are two nature reserves in the municipality, the Maleboho and Blouberg Nature Reserves. The Makgabeng Mountains are known as a historic site for rock art paintings. The Blouberg Mountain is situated in the centre of the municipality (to the south of the Taaiboschgroet GWS) and has become a tourist attraction through the development of the African Ivory Route camp at the foot of the mountains.
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Figure 1-1: Locality Plan
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1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area
The confidence level for information used for this strategy is medium. This is due to the conflicting population data sets having medium level of confidence as well as the confidence in the water supply volume data. The confidence level can be improved through the validating of existing groundwater use and groundwater potential.
2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS
Population data for the cluster is included below in Table 4-1. Various demographics and geographical spatial information data sources were utilised to obtain population data. The methodology is explained in the separate document, “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ”. Two scenarios have been analysed, one being a high growth, while the other a low growth projection.
The Taaiboschgroet GWS was assessed as having a negative growth potential. The population is anticipated to decrease from the 2007 figure of 51,461 to 49,744 in 2030 in the high growth scenario.
3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Present Water Requirements and historical water use
There are 2 areas from which water is sourced; The main water source is from the Taaibosch Fault which runs from east to west along the central part of the scheme, but water is also obtained from two weirs situated in the Blouberg Mountain [1]. The water is then piped to the individual settlements via an interconnecting reticulation system.
Based on the level of service within the cluster area, it is estimated that 1.799 Million m3/a is currently required, this demand is expected to increase to 2.280 Million m3/a by 2030 due to the potential increase in level of service.
The current supply of water 1.699 Million m 3/a which is not sufficient to meet its current or future demands needs of the supply area [6].
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3.2 Level of services
Level of Hardship (LOH) is used to evaluate the standard of water services provided to the communities based on the RDP criteria as specified in the methodology.
WS NIS data was consulted to assess the level of service. Within the supply scheme 33.6% of the population receives a level of service above RDP requirements for water provision. The current service levels are presented in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1: Current service levels
Above RDP RDP Below RDP Service level Communal Communal None/ own House Yard supply supply resources/ connection connection (<200m) (>200m) supply (>500m)
WS NIS, 2007 19.6% 14.0% 17.8% 12.9% 35.7%
It can be calculated, from the tabulated data that the Level of Hardship (LOH) for water is 48.6%.
4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS UNTILL 2030
4.1 Future water requirements
The future water requirements until 2030 are presented in Table 4-1. The assumptions used for the generation of these calculations are summarised as follows:
Population projections: The projections are calculated using high growth and low growth population estimates, as indicated in Table 4-1.
Current level of service (LOS) estimates: The current LOS is estimated as 33.6% of the population in the cluster supplied above RDP standard, 17.8% are at RDP standard, while the remaining 35.7% are below this standard.
Future requirements: For planning purposes, the future requirements are projected using “Scenario 3” i.e. LOS assumed to be at a minimum of a Yard Connection by 2015, with a 5% growth in house connections by 2015 and a further 15% growth in house connections by 2020 (total growth in house connections of 20%). RDP is assumed to increase from 25 l/p/d (current situation) to 40 l/p/d by 2015.
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Table 4-1: Water Requirement projections
Population Water Water Population Year Low Requirements Requirements High Growth Growth High Growth Low Growth
2007 (1) 51,461 51,461 1.799 1.799 2010 51,447 52,124 1.822 1.846 2015 50,046 51,793 1.886 1.952 2020 48,253 50,988 2.081 2.199 2025 46,582 50,236 2.135 2.303 2030 45,215 49,744 2.073 2.280
5 WATER RESOURCES
5.1 Surface water resources
The Taaiboschgroet GWS is located over A63B, A63D and A72A quaternary catchments of the Limpopo WMA.
There is one non-perennial river within the scheme area, the Leokeng. The Leokeng River flows through the east of the cluster in a north-south direction.
The Mogalakwena River is the only perennial river in close proximity to the scheme. This forms the western boundary of the municipality and feeds into the Glen-Alpine Dam which is located around 25km to the south west. A feasibility study has been conducted to utilise the Glen-Alpine Dam for water supply within the BLM, but this proposed supply line does not include the Taaiboschgroet GWS.
5.1.1 Water allocations
The Master Plan [6] indicates an abstraction of 0.068 Million m 3/a obtained from the two weirs in the Blouberg Mountain.
5.1.2 Quality
No information available.
5.2 Groundwater
The 1:500 000 General Hydrogeological Map of South Africa (DWAF 2000), 1:250 000 Geological map series (2328, Pietersburg and 2228, Alldays) and GRAII data have been used to describe the geology and hydrogeology of the area.
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The geology of the area comprises gneissic and basalt lithologies (Letaba and Alldays formations).
Aquifers in the basalt lithologies occur within intergranular fracturing zones, are generally low yielding (0.5 to 2 l/s) with higher yields ( > 5l/s) associated with the argillaceous mudstones to the east of the cluster.
A fault (Tshipise) bisects the centre of the cluster, striking in an E-W direction. A further 11 undefined faults/joint systems are located in the south of cluster, also striking E-W.
Abstraction along the Taaiboschgroet (Tshipise) Fault gives an average of 2.0 l/s [7].
The estimated groundwater exploitation potential is, assuming that the volumes can practically be abstracted from the low yielding aquifer, is conservatively estimated as 16.42 Million m 3/a for an area of 975 km 2.
5.2.1 Water allocation/s
No registered domestic users under the WARMS database.
Water services indicated 389 boreholes within the cluster, 84 of which are equipped and of these 37 have known abstraction values. The 37 equipped boreholes with yield data possess a total yield of 2.376 Million m 3/a, and an average yield of 0.031 Million m 3/a per borehole, however the users are not specified.
There are 58 equipped boreholes which are utilised for domestic supply. The Master Plan indicates an abstraction of 1.631 Million m 3/a from these boreholes.
One of the restrictions to groundwater availability is the lack of co-operation of the community in Fountaine Du Champ to share their water resources [1].
5.2.2 Other water users from the same source
Groundwater is also utilised for irrigation by the agricultural sector. A total of 3.590 Million m3/a is registered in the supply area.
Table 5-1: Water users dependent on groundwater resource
Abstraction (Million m 3/a) Name TOTAL Urban Agriculture Mining Domestic industry
Groundwater 3.590
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5.2.3 Quality
Water quality is generally of high quality (Class 0), however, three areas have been ring- fenced as having unacceptable quality water, this is around the towns of Simpson in the north, Donkerhoek and Voorhout in the centre and Kromhoek and De Vrede in the east [6].
The low level of sanitation services within the area indicates there are many pit latrines, these pose a risk to the groundwater quality with regards to water bore diseases.
6 WATER BALANCE WITHOUT RECONCILIATION OPTIONS
6.1 Water Balance
Table 6-1: Future water requirements
Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 (Million m 3/a)
Groundwater 1.631 1.631 1.631 1.631 1.631 1.631 Available Supply Surface Water 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.068 Total Available Supply 1.699 1.699 1.699 1.699 1.699 1.699 Water Low Growth 1.799 1.822 1.886 2.081 2.135 2.073 Requirements High Growth 1.799 1.846 1.952 2.199 2.303 2.280 Low Growth -0.100 -0.123 -0.187 -0.382 -0.436 -0.374 Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -0.100 -0.147 -0.253 -0.500 -0.604 -0.581
6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy
The Taaiboschgroet GWS considered have a Priority 4 (high) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy, as the cluster is currently deficient of water.
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2.500
2.000
/a 1.500 3
Million m Million 1.000
0.500
0.000 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Years
Groundwater Supply Surface Water, Weir (Blouberg) Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario) Figure 6-1: Future water requirements
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7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE
The level of service in the supply area indicates that a large portion (48.6%) of the population is supplied with water below RDP standard, indicating a lack of supply infrastructure and reticulation. In 2008/2009 the Capricorn District Municipality budgeted R41Million towards enhancing basic service delivery though the provisions of water to communities within the Taaiboschgroet GWS.
7.1 Water treatment plants
Water is currently not treated prior to distribution. There is potential for the distributed water quality to be increased by blending together waters of good and poor quality. This practice is currently taking place in the Alldays GWS [6].
7.2 Distribution network, reservoirs and infrastructure
The internal reticulation and infrastructure was assessed in the Master Plan [6], the following summarises the findings from this report:
• Although the infrastructure is in place, inadequate operation, maintenance and management has lead to disrepair of the water service infrastructure. The refurbishment and upgrading of the water infrastructure is estimated at R41Million. • There are 28 reservoirs and 29 tanks situated within the supply area, a total storage capacity of 6,915 m3. • There are 58 boreholes utilised by the individual settlements, electric, diesel, hydro and booster pump operated. 14 pumps are noted to be not operational. A breakdown of the infrastructure at each settlement is given in Table 7-1.
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Table 7-1: Water infrastructure
Storage (m 3) Boreholes Settlement Reservoir Tank Type Operational Simpson 1 x 70 2 x 10 2 x Diesel 1 x Y, 1 x N Grootpan 1 x 70 1 x 104 3 x Diesel 1 x Y, 2 x N Sais Diesel N Sloapheok 1 x 600 1 x Diesel, 1 x Electric,1 x Hydro Y Donkerhoek Diesel N Voorhout 1 x 70 Diesel N 1 x 200 Y Royston 1 x 70 2 x Electric N Juniorsloop 1 x 150 1 x 154 2 x Electric Y Berseba 1 x 200 1 x 10 3 x Diesel 2 x Y, 1 x N 1 x 200 Wegdraai 1 x 70 Diesel Y Ga-Raphokola 1 x 600 Electric Y Gideon 1 x 200 Diesel Y Thlonasedimong 2 x 10 Electric Y Eldrado 1 x 200 3 x Electric Y Fonteine Du
Champ 1 x 31 Electric Y 1 x Diesel, 1 x Electric
Esaurinca 4 x 10 1 x Hydro Y Louisenthaal 2 x 10 Diesel Y 1 x 10 1 x 150 The Grange 1 x 47 Diesel Y 1 x 150 2 x Electric, 1 x Diesel Longden 1 x 70 1 x 47 Y Taaiboschgroet 1 x 600 1 x 47 2 x Electric Y 1 x 130 2 x Y 1 x 138 1 x Electric, 2 x Diesel 1 x N De Vrede 2 x 10 1 x 138 4 x Y 1 x 600 1 x Electric, 4 x Diesel Kromhoek 1 x 104 1 x N 2 x 200 3 x BP, 2 x Electric 5 x Y Pax 1 x 70 1 x 78 1 x Hydro 1 x ? Lovely 1 x 70 Diesel N 1 x 200 1 x 138 1 x Y 2 x BP, 2 x Diesel Burgerregt 1 x 70 1 x 10 1 x N Edwinsdale 2 x 70 1 x 166 Diesel N Y 1 x Electric, 1 x Diesel The Glen 1 x 70 1 x 83 N Glenfernes 1 x 70
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Source: Master Plan [5] 8 SANITATION
WS NIS database gives in indication of a fairly substantial lack of sanitation infrastructure, with the majority of the population being supplied with pit latrines, either with or without ventilation. These systems pose a risk to the groundwater quality and the potential for water borne diseases increases. A small percentage of the population is connected to a sewerage system.
8.1 Level of services
The supply area has 17.1% of the population served above RDP level for sanitation services. The remaining 82.9% is either at or below the RDP level. These figures are further broken down into different categories in Table 8-1.
Table 8-1: Current sanitation service levels
Above RDP RDP Below RDP Septic tanks, Flush toilet digester, de- Pit latrine Service level None, chemical, (connected to sludger, effluent with bucket or pit latrine sewerage discharge to an ventilation without ventilation system) oxidation pond, (VIP) etc
WS NIS, 2008 14.4% 2.7% 20.8% 62.1%
8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW)
No information available.
8.2.1 Return flows
No information available.
8.2.2 State of WWTW
No information available
9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS
The Taaiboschgroet GWS utilises the local aquifer to supply and two weirs situated in the Blouberg Mountain [1]. The current supply is insufficient for the clusters current and future demands. Various reconciliation options for this supply scheme are discussed below and presented in Figure 10-1.
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9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management (WC/WDM)
There is no data relating to the actual water losses within Taaiboschgroet GWS. In order to quantify losses, actual metered data is needed. Since the current supply volume is less than the actual needs of the scheme, WC/WDM is not considered as an option.
9.2 Rain water harvesting
There is a low potential for rainfall harvesting.
BLM is considered to be a hot area with seasonal summer rains. The average rainfall varies between 360 and 550 mm and high evapo-transpiration rates. The area is prone to drought which affects the communities’ water supply, especially with regards to the agricultural farming economy. The potential for rainwater harvesting is therefore low.
9.3 Groundwater
The Taaiboschgroet GWS cluster possesses an Utilisable Groundwater Exploitation Potential (UGEP) of 6.965 Million m 3/a. Augmentation is required from groundwater to cater for the future domestic demand of the cluster. The supply may be augmented by 0.620 Million m 3/a by re allocating 20 of the boreholes indicated by Water Services (30 x 0.031 Million m 3/a = 0.620 Million m 3/a).
9.4 Re-use
Not applicable.
9.5 Local surface water
Not applicable.
9.6 Buy-out of water allocations/rights
Not applicable.
9.7 Water Transfer
No considered.
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10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS
10.1 Water Balance
Table 10-1: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures
Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 (Million m 3/a) Groundwater 1.631 1.631 1.631 1.631 1.631 1.631 Available Supply Surface Water 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.068 Augmentation 0.000 0.620 0.620 0.620 0.620 0.620 Total Available Supply 1.699 2.319 2.319 2.319 2.319 2.319 Water Low Growth 1.799 1.822 1.886 2.081 2.135 2.073 Requirement High Growth 1.799 1.846 1.952 2.199 2.303 2.280 WC/WDM Low Growth 0.000 0.018 0.170 0.270 0.278 0.269 measures (Savings) High Growth 0.000 0.018 0.176 0.286 0.299 0.296 Low Growth -0.100 0.515 0.603 0.509 0.461 0.516 Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -0.100 0.491 0.543 0.406 0.316 0.335
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2.500
2.000 /a
3 1.500
1.000 Million m Million
0.500
0.000 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Years
Groundwater Supply Surface Water, Weir (Blouberg) Augmentation Measures (Groundwater) Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario) Figure 10-1: Augmentation Options and Implementation of WC/WDM Measures
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11 CONCLUSIONS • The Taaiboschgroet GWS has a current water demand estimated at 1.799 Million m3/a, which is projected to increase to 2.280 Million m3/a by the year 2030. • Water is currently sourced locally from aquifer along the Taaiboschgroet Fault as well as from two mountain weirs at the base of the Blouberg Mountain. The current water supply from these two resources is estimated at 1.699 Million m3/a, this is insufficient for the needs of the scheme settlements. • Agriculture is the only other significant user of groundwater, with a registered use of 3.590 Million m 3/a. Agriculture is the main economic activity within the municipality. • The water quality in some areas is poor, but is not treated prior to distribution. The potential exists for mixing of good and poor water qualities to improve the overall distribution quality. • There are a large number of borehole pumps which are not operational, indicating the need for maintenance within the scheme. • Although most settlements are equipped with storage reservoirs or tanks, the current storage capacity is insufficient in some settlement. • 48.6% of the population utilise pit latrines which are below RDP standard. There is no WWTW servicing the scheme. • The current water supply can be augmented from groundwater through the maintenance or re-allocation of 20 (0.620 Million m 3/a) installed boreholes or the installation of new boreholes.
12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS CHOICE
• Undertake a detailed investigation to determine actual water usages, sustainability of source and availability of future supply. • Develop and implement a Water Conservation and Demand Management plan with clear performance targets. This must include limiting the wasteful use of water in order to control water consumption and utilise the available resources to their full potential and also limit wasteful water use. • Water use should be accurately monitored through a network of water meters which should be recorded on a regular basis. • As a critical step when introducing measures to encourage water conservation, it is important to have an accurate set of baseline data against which any progress can be
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measured. The first priority must therefore be to ensure that there is an adequate network of water meters and accurate readings are recorded on a regular basis.
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13 REFERENCES
[1] Feasibility Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. 2008. Feasibility Study: Study (2008) Glen Alpine RWS LPR008. Preparation for Project Implementation in future years (2008/2009 and after). Regional Bulk Infrastructure Grant. Prepared by EVN Africa (Pty) Ltd, assisted by Murango Consultants. [2] GRA2 Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (2005), Groundwater Resource Assessment Phase 2 . Pretoria [3] IDP (2002) Capricorn District Municipality. 2002. Integrated Development Plan [4] IDP (2008) Blouberg Municipality. 2008/2009. Integrated Development Plan and Budget [5] ISP (2004) Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. 2004. Internal Strategic Perspective: Limpopo Water Management Area : Prepared by Goba Moahloli Keeve Steyn (Pty) Ltd, in association with Tlou & Matji (Pty) Ltd and Golder Associates (Pty) Ltd. on behalf of the Directorate National Water Resources Planning. Report No. PWMA 01/000/00/0304. [6] Master Plan Capricorn District Municipality. 2008. Water and Sanitation Master (2008) Plan for the Blouberg Municipality. Prepared by BKS Pty (Ltd), assisted by EVN Africa (Pty) Ltd [7] Reference Capricorn District Municipality. 2006. Water Services Planning Framework Reference Framework. Draft 1: discussion document. Prepared by (2006) Inviromap and GPM Consultants on behalf of the Directorate Water Services Planning & Information, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. [8] Water Department of Water Affairs. 2008. Water Services Reference Services Framework Decision Support System. Reference Framework (2008) Knowledge Base Structure , Project Process & Time Flow. Prepared by Inviromap in association with Mr S Marais, DWAF National Planning and Iinformation on behalf of the Directorate: Water Services Planning & Information [9] Website Blouberg Local Municipality Website: http://www.blouberg.gov.za Accesses July 2010 [10] 1 :250 000 Regional Geological Map Series 2328 (Pietersburg) 1 :250 000 Regional Geological Map Series 2228 (Alldays)
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