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A New Species of Odontosyllis Claparède, 1863 (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Eusyllinae), and Description of Brazilian Material of Odontosyllis Cf

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A New Species of Odontosyllis Claparède, 1863 (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Eusyllinae), and Description of Brazilian Material of Odontosyllis Cf Zoological Studies 45(2): 223-233 (2006) A New Species of Odontosyllis Claparède, 1863 (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Eusyllinae), and Description of Brazilian Material of Odontosyllis cf. fulgurans (Audouin and Milne Edwards, 1834) Marcelo Veronesi Fukuda and João Miguel de Matos Nogueira* Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (IB-USP), R. do Matão, travessa 14, n. 101, 05508- 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] (Accepted November 21, 2005) Marcelo Veronesi Fukuda and João Miguel de Matos Nogueira (2005) A new species of Odontosyllis Claparède, 1863 (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Eusyllinae), and description of Brazilian material of Odontosyllis cf. ful- gurans (Audouin and Milne Edwards, 1834). Zoological Studies 45(2): 223-233. A new species of Odontosyllis is described herein, together with a description of Brazilian material of Odontosyllis cf. fulgurans (Audouin and Milne Edwards, 1834) collected along the coast off the State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, mostly from rocky shores. Odontosyllis guillermoi sp. nov. is characterized by its conspicuous pigmentation, consisting of a prostomial“mask”and 2 transverse bands per segment throughout, by the subdistal tooth of the blades of the falcigers being much shorter than the distal one, especially on the posterior chaetigers, and by anterior parapodia having up to 5 aciculae each. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/45.2/223.pdf Key words: Polychaeta, Syllidae, Eusyllinae, Odontosyllis, Brazil. The Eusyllinae Malaquin, 1893 is a highly described in a PhD thesis (Temperini 1981) and heterogeneous, probably non-monophyletic group never formally published, although having been (San Martín 2003), composed of medium to small- recorded in several posterior studies (Lana 1981 sized syllids, whose palps are free or partially 1984, Borzone 1988, Sovierzoski 1991, Maciel fused at their bases, and antennae and cirri are 1996, Attolini 1997, Pires-Vanin et al. 1997); unfor- smooth to irregularly articulated. The pharynx tunately, material of this new species is not avail- may be either unarmed, or armed with a single able and we cannot, at this point, proceed with its tooth, 1 tooth and a trepan, or only a trepan. The formal description. The 3rd species is a record of genus Odontosyllis Claparède, 1863 is included in O. polycera (Schmarda, 1861), in a MSc thesis the latter group. which focused on ecological aspects and was not In Brazil, 9 species of eusyllines have been formally published either (Attolini 1997); since recorded to the present (Lana 1981 1984, those specimens were not deposited in any collec- Temperini 1981, Borzone 1988, Paiva 1990 1993a tion, no description was provided in that thesis and b, Sovierzoski 1991, Pires-Vanin 1995, Pires- the type locality of O. polycera is in the Indian Vanin et al. 1997, Maciel 1996, Attolini 1997, Ocean, we consider this a doubtful record. Nogueira 2000), three of which belong to In the present paper, a new species of Odontosyllis. Of those, O. cf. fulgurans was Odontosyllis, O. guillermoi sp. nov., is described, recorded from the states of Paraná (Sovierzoski and O. cf. fulgurans (Audouin and Milne Edwards, 1991) and São Paulo (Nogueira 2000); another 1834), which is not only superficially similar to O. species, treated here as Odontosyllis sp., was guillermoi sp. nov., but is also sympatric to it, is *To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Tel: 55-11-30917806 Fax: 55-11-30917513. E-mail: [email protected] 223 224 Zoological Studies 45(2): 223-233 (2006) also described. As there are some slight differ- The type material is deposited at the Museu ences between Brazilian and European material of de História Natural (MHN), IB-UNICAMP, Brazil, O. fulgurans, according to the recent redescription the Zoological Museum of the Univ. of provided by (San Martín 2003), we herein treated Copenhagen (ZMUC), Denmark, and the Museo the Brazilian specimens as O. cf. fulgurans and Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid refer to those differences in the“Remarks”. (MNCN), Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS TAXONOMY The material for the present study came from Genus Odontosyllis Claparède, 1863. 2 independent projects in which we are engaged. The 1st project is“BIOTA/FAPESP/Benthic Marine Type species: Syllis fulgurans Audouin and Biodiversity”, and our participation is restricted to Milne Edwards, 1834. identifying previously collected material. The 2nd Definition: Medium to large eusyllines, with one is“Biodiversity of Intertidal Polychaetes smooth to irregularly articulated antennae and cirri (Annelida: Polychaeta) on Rocky Shores off the throughout. Prostomium with 1 pair of palps fused State of São Paulo, Brazil”, which is totally under at their bases, 3 antennae inserted centrally at the the responsibility of the Laboratório de Polique- anterior margin, central antenna inserted slightly tologia, IB - USP, to which we both belong. posteriorly in relation to lateral antennae, 2 pairs of For the project“Biodiversity of Intertidal eyes, and sometimes 2 anterior eyespots. Well- Polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta) on Rocky developed nuchal organs present between pros- Shores off the State of São Paulo, Brazil”, collec- tomium and peristomium. Peristomium with 2 tions were made from the intertidal zone, at the pairs of tentacular cirri, sometimes forming a dor- peak of low tide, on rocky shores off Ubatuba sal fold (occipital flap) extending above a part of (Praia do Félix, Praia do Perequê Mirim, and Praia prostomium, for a variable extension. Pharynx de Domingas Dias), São Sebastião (Praia da with an incomplete trepan, characteristically locat- Baleia, Praia de Guaecá, Praia de São Francisco, ed away from margin of pharynx and with teeth Praia do Araçá, Praia Preta, and Praia de directed to rear, without a middorsal tooth. Barequeçaba), Guarujá (Praia Branca), São Remarks: Odontosyllis is readily recognized Vicente (Ilha Porchat and Praia das Vacas), and by the position of the antennae and the character- Itanhaém (Praia do Sonho). istic trepan, only present on a portion of the pha- Samples were obtained by scraping the rocks ryngeal margin and with the teeth directed to rear. to extract small amounts of algae, colonies of Diagnostic features, at the specific level, are the sponges and ascidians, and similar substrata. The morphology of the occipital flap, when present, material was studied alive under a stereomicro- trepan and chaetae, and the extension of the phar- scope; polychaetes were sorted, relaxed to death ynx. In Brazil, 3 species of the genus had been in a menthol solution (a few crystals in a Petri dish recorded prior to the present study (see above). with seawater), fixed in a 4% formaldehyde solu- San Martín (2003) considers the occipital flap tion, and finally washed and stored in 70% ethanol. to originate from chaetiger 1, instead of the peris- The type material, mounted in permanent tomium. However, our SEM study (see glycerin jelly slides, was further analyzed under Description) showed that the peristomium is very stereo and light microscopes. For the examination narrow dorsally in both species of Odontosyllis under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 1 treated in the present paper, almost totally covered specimen of Odontosyllis guillermoi sp. nov. and by segment 1, but the occipital flap originates from another of O. cf. fulgurans were critical point-dried, its posterior border. covered with 25 nm of gold, and examined at the Reproduction: Reproduction in eusylline poly- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto de chaetes, and particularly in Odontosyllis, has been Biologia, Univ. Estadual de Campinas (IB-UNI- studied by several authors (Huntsman 1948, CAMP). Markert et al. 1961, Daly 1975, Fischer and Brazilian Odontosyllis cf. fulgurans was com- Fischer 1995, Franke 1999). According to them, pared to 10 specimens of European material of all eusyllines reproduce by epigamy, what means that species kindly loaned from the Museo that during the reproductive season, benthic atok- Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, Spain. ous forms undergo several changes, especially Fukuda and Nogueira -- Species of Odontosyllis from São Paulo 225 regarding the sense organs and natatory capabili- 2001. Guarujá - Praia Branca (23 52'S, 46 ty, and become epitokous forms which assume a 08'W), on rocky shore: 1 sp., 25 June° 2002. São° pelagic way of life for a short period, spawn, and Vicente - Ilha Porchat (23 59'S, 46 22'W), on return to their benthic habits, with most of the rocky shore: 1 sp., 18 Nov.° 2002; 4 sp.,° 16 Mar. modifications which occurred during the breeding 2003; 6 sp., 15 June 2003; Praia das Vacas (23 season reverting to the original state. In 59'S, 46 23'W), on rocky shore: 1 sp., 18 Nov.° Odontosyllis, those modifications may be quite 2002; 9 °sp., 16 May 2003; 2 sp., 26 Aug. 2003. remarkable, and epitokous forms present much Itanhaém - Praia do Sonho (24 11'S, 46 48'W), larger eyes and birramous parapodia on the mid- on rocky shore: 1 sp., 14 June 2003.° ° body chaetigers, with notoacicula and fans of long Type series: Holotype and 3 paratypes capillary notochaetae (Daly 1975, Franke 1999). deposited at the MHN, 3 paratypes deposited at Some species of the genus are known as“fire- the MNCN and 3 paratypes deposited at the worms”(although the“true”fire worms belong to ZMUC. Holotype (MHN-BPO 102/0): Praia Branca the family Amphinomidae), such as the well-stud- (23 52'S, 46 08'W), on rocky shore, 25 June ied Bermudan fire-worm O. enopla Verrill, 1900, 2002,° atokous,° 80 chaetigers, length 11.2 mm, for the bioluminescence seen in their epitokous width 0.8 mm. Paratype 1 (MHN-BPO 102/1): forms. At least in this species, the entire body of Praia da Fazenda (23 21'S, 44 51'W), on rocky the female becomes bioluminescent, leaving light shore, 16 Oct. 2001,° atokous,° 62 chaetigers, trails as it swims and sheds its eggs, while the length 6.7 mm, width 0.6 mm.
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