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Distribution of Bioluminescent Polychaete Larvae of Odontosyllis Sp

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Distribution of Bioluminescent Polychaete Larvae of Odontosyllis Sp Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 46 (04), April 2017, pp. 735-737 Distribution of bioluminescent polychaete larvae of Odontosyllis sp. in South Andaman CH. Ramesh*, R. Mohanraju, P. Karthick & K. N. Murthy Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry Central University, Port Blair-744102, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. *[Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected]] Received 03 December 2014 ; revised 13 July 2015 Larval distribution of a luminous Odontosyllis sp. on different marine niches such as the articulated coralline red algae Amphirova anceps, algal mats on boats, seawater and sediment is being reported here for the first time from Burmanallah Coast. The freshly collected luminous larvae of Odontosyllis sp. from these niches emitted an intense glow of luminescence upon the addition of freshwater and upon gentle disturbance. Flashes of internal luminescence was appeared in freshly collected larvae, whereas continuous glow lasted for few minutes when freshwater was added. Luminescent bacteria were not observed in these larvae, indicating that their luminescence emission is not due to bacterial production, but could be the self-internal emission mechanism. [Keywords: Odontosyllis larvae, distribution, marine niches, bioluminescence] Introduction 92⁰42’29.38’’E), unidentified algal mats on boats Marine bioluminescent polychaete worms inhabit (from Junglighat- Lat11⁰39’25.09’’N, Long shallow coastal waters and benthic regions1, 2. 92⁰43’30.07’’E), seawater (from Burmanallah- Some of the well-known bioluminescent Lat 11⁰33’52.24’’N, Long 92⁰44’01.51’’E; polychaetes are Cheatopterus, Eusyllis, Junglighat- Lat 11⁰39’25.09’’N, Long Harmothoe, Odontosyllis, Pionosyllis, Polynoe, 92⁰43’30.07’’E; Carbyns Cove -Lat 3 2 Tomopteris , Swima bombiviridis , Poeobius 11⁰38’28.88’’N, Long 92⁰44’49.73’’E) and 4 meseres and Flota vitjasi . These polychaetes are sediment (from Wandoor- Lat 11⁰35’37.52’’N, known to emit bioluminescence in the visible Long 92⁰36’33.09’’E; Burmanallah- Lat spectrum of 440 to 510 nm and this emission is 11⁰33’52.24’’ N, Long 92⁰44’01.51’’ E) were useful for attracting mates or prey as well as for monitored monthly for a year (2012-2013) (Map 4 defensive and offensive functions . Most of these 1). polychaetes emit green coloured luminescence, All the samples except seawater except in Tomopteris sp. a planktonic polychaete (collected with a one liter water collection bottle) that emits a golden yellow colour. Luminescence were collected monthly during the receding tide emission in these polychaetes is due to the by hand pick up method. These samples were oxidation reaction of luciferin and oxygen, brought to the laboratory and observed under dark catalysed by an enzyme luciferase or species conditions. To stimulate and check luminescence 1 specific photoprotein . In the present study we emission, samples were submerged slightly in examined the larval distribution of Odontosyllis fresh water and gentle disturbance was applied sp. on different marine niches of South Andaman. which resulted in continuous glow of polychaete larvae luminescence. These larvae were carefully Materials and Methods removed from debris by using a needle with Samples such as coralline red algae Amphirova adjustable light and placed on a clean glass slide anceps (from Burmanallah- Lat 11⁰33’52.24’’ N, containing a drop of glycerol for microscopic Long 92⁰44’01.51’’ E; Kodiyaghat- Lat examination. Taxonomic identification of these 11⁰31’47.16’’N, Long 92⁰43’25.97’’E; larvae was carried out by following the Chidiyatapu- Lat 11⁰29’27.24’’N, Long identification keys5. 736 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 46, NO. 04, APRIL 2017 Map. 1— Showing sample collection stations in South Andaman. Study was undertaken to understand their found to range from 5 to 10 mm. These larvae luminescence emission whether due to bacterial were found in copious number and occurred production or self-emission mechanism. Some throughout the year. Their luminescence emission larval specimens of Odontosyllis sp. were washed was found to be a strong flash of yellow green gently with sterile seawater for 3-4 times and colour. Bacterial colonies on both Luminescent grounded well with a sterile blunt end needle in 1 and Marine agar did not show luminescence, ml eppendorf centrifuge tube, with 5 drops of indicating that these larval luminescence sterile seawater. 100 µl of this mixture was pour emissions is not due to luminescent bacteria but plated on both Luminescent and Marine agar to could be due to the self-internal luminescence observe luminescent bacterial growth following pathway. standard methods6. These petri plates were incubated at 35⁰C for 24 hours and subsequently Discussion these plates were observed in a dark room to Around the worldwide approximately 8,500 check the presence of luminescent bacteria. polychaete species belonging to 1,100 genera have been listed by Glasby et al. (2000). Recent Results studies show that more than 400 species have Observations of the articulated coralline red algae been found to occur in India5 and bioluminescent Amphirova anceps, algal mats on boats, seawater polychaetes from this region have not been and sediment under dark conditions in the reported so far. In the present study luminous laboratory showed the presence of luminous Odontosyllis sp. larvae distribution on red algae polychaete larvae on them. Microscopic Amphirova anceps, algal mats on boats, seawater examination of these larvae was found to have and sediment has been observed. elongated body with numerous segments and Earlier studies by Fischer and Fischer (1995) on absence of nuchal epaulettes, identified as syllid polychaete worm larvae belonging to the Odontosyllis sp. The sizes of these larvae were genus Odontosyllis showed that their larvae prefer RAMESH et al.: DISTRIBUTION OF BIOLUMINESCENT ODONTOSYLLIS 737 to settle in the places where rich organic matter is References degraded by bacteria and beneath solid substrates. 1. Deheyn, D.D. and Latz, M.I., Internal and secreted This is agreeable to this study, since discharge of bioluminescence of the marine polychaete Odontosyllis phosphorea (Syllidae), Invertebr. Biol., 128(2009) 31- domestic effluents is seen in these places and also 45. both luminous and non-luminous bacteria have 2. Osborn, K.J., Haddock, S.H.D., Pleijel, F., Madin, L.P. been isolated (Author personnel communication). and Rouse, G.W., Deep-sea, swimming worms with It was asserted that Odontosyllis species luminescent “bombs”, Science., 325(2009) 964. Bioluminescence: Chemical Principles bioluminescence display and spawning at 3. Shimomura O, 9 and Methods, 2nd ed, (World Scientific, Singapore) fortnightly intervals depend on lunar periodicity , 2012, pp. 468. with peak reproduction periods, during summer 4. Haddock, S.H.D., Moline, M.A. and Case, J.F., for O. luminosa and O. phosphorea10 Bioluminescence in the sea, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., and June to July for O. enopla8. However, 2(2010) 443- 493. 5. Rajasekaran R. and Fernando O J, Polychaetes of interestingly these Odontosyllis sp. larvae were Andaman and Nicobar Islands, in: Ecology of Faunal found to occur throughout the year on the marine Communities on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, niches of South Andaman, indicating a different edited by K. Venkataraman et al., (Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg) 2012, pp. 1-5. biological rhythm by this species. Luminescence th O. phosphorea 6. Benson, Microbiological applications lab manual, 8 emission from the mucus of edition, (The McGraw-Hill Companies) 2001, pp. 478. has been reported by Deheyn and Latz (2009), 7. Glasby C J, Hutchings P A, Fauchald K, Paxton H, whereas mucus secretion was not observed in this Rouse G W, Russel, C W. and Wilson R S, Class: Odontosyllis sp. Polychaeta, in: Polychaetes & allies: The southern synthesis. Fauna of Australia. vol. 4a: Polychaeta, Myzostomida, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula, Conclusion edited by P. L. Beesley, G. J. B. Ross & C. J. Glasby, Further studies are focused on the isolation of (CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne) 2000, pp 1-296. enzyme responsible for the light emission and as 8. Fischer, A. and Fischer, U., On the life-style and life- well genetical identification of these larvae. cycle of the luminescent polychaete Odontosyllis enopla (Annelida, Polychaeta), Invertebr. Biol., 114(1995) 236-247. Acknowledgements 9. Tsuji, F.I. and Hill, E., Repetitive cycles of The corresponding author acknowledges the bioluminescence and spawning in the polychaete, Department of Science and Technology for Odontosyllis phosphorea, Biol. Bull., 165(1983) 444- granting the INSPIRE Fellowship-IF120230. 449. 10. Gaston, G.R. and Hall, J., Lunar periodicity and bioluminescence of swarming Odontosyllis luminosa (Polychaeta: Syllidae) in Belize, Gulf Carib. Res., 12(2000) 47-51. .
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