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Morgane Gillard

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Morgane Gillard THÈSE / UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1 sous le sceau de l’Université Bretagne Loire pour le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1 Mention : Biologie École doctorale Vie-Agro-Santé présentée par Morgane Gillard Préparée à l’UMR 6553 ECOBIO « Écosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution » UFR Science de la Vie et de l’Environnement Thèse soutenue à Rennes Réponses de plantes le 1er décembre 2016 aquatiques invasives devant le jury composé de : Sara PUIJALON Chargée de recherche CNRS, Université de Lyon 1 / au réchauffement rapporteur climatique Ludwig TRIEST Professeur, Université Libre de Bruxelles / rapporteur Céline BELLARD Chercheuse associée, University College de Londres / examinatrice Jacques HAURY Professeur, Agrocampus Ouest / examinateur Gabrielle THIÉBAUT Professeur, Université de Rennes 1 / directrice de thèse Carole DELEU Maître de conférences, Université de Rennes 1 / co-directrice de thèse à Papa “Les hommes discutent, la nature agit.’’ D’après Voltaire, Dictionnaire philosophique Ce travail de thèse a été réalisé À l’école doctorale Au sein des Unités Mixtes de Recherche constituées des établissements Avec les soutiens logistiques et/ou financiers de REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens tout d’abord à remercier les membres du jury pour avoir accepté d’évaluer ce travail. Merci à Sara Puijalon et Ludwig Triest d’avoir endossé le rôle de rapporteur, ainsi qu’à Céline Bellard et Jacques Haury d’avoir accepté celui d’examinateur. J’aimerais ensuite remercier mes deux encadrantes à l’origine de ce projet de thèse. Je remercie sincèrement Gabrielle pour sa grande disponibilité et pour sa réactivité lorsque j’avais besoin de quoi que ce soit, ainsi que pour m’avoir donné l’opportunité de travailler sur ce projet, notamment sur l’aspect germination qui m’aura menée jusqu’en Californie. Je remercie vivement Carole pour les entrevues toujours constructives, et pour les heures que l’on a passé à se triturer les méninges sur les données métaboliques. Merci à toutes les deux pour vos retours sur mon travail, pour vos encouragements et pour votre contribution aussi bien sur le terrain ou au labo que pour les mesures de traits. Je voudrais aussi remercier les membres de mon comité de thèse pour leurs conseils avisés et les pistes de réflexion qui ont permis d’améliorer cette thèse. Merci à ma tutrice Anne-Marie Cortesero ainsi qu’à Dominique Barloy, Cécile Lelann et Michèle Tarayre. Merci aussi à Dominique de m’avoir initiée à l’étude des Jussies lors de mon stage de M2 ! I would like to thank Brenda for welcoming me in her lab at UC Davis, for having taken good care of me during these three months, and for initiated me to bird watching when we were on field trips. Thank you for this opportunity to collaborate with you and with Joy, Meghan, Rachel and Alex. Thanks to all of you for the talks, for the interesting and nice field trips, it was a pleasure to learn more about Ludwigia while discovering some parts of California in your company. Thank you everyone for your involvement in these experiments, and especially thanks to Joy for her super organization. I’m also thankful to all the other persons involved in the experiment of 2016. Un grand merci à Boris d’avoir pris le temps de me former aux modèles de distribution d’espèces. Vu le niveau que j’avais sur R au début, et le fractionnement des moments que j’ai consacré à la modélisation dans un premier temps, tu as dû te demander si cette collaboration mènerait quelque part. Merci pour ta patience et pour avoir toujours répondu à mes questions, même les plus basiques ! Merci à l’équipe pédagogique de physiologie végétale avec qui j’ai eu l’opportunité d’enseigner, notamment Laurent Leport, Antoine Gravot, Anne-Antonella et Maryse lors de l’UE NUTR, ainsi qu’Alain Bouchereau, Marie-Françoise Niogret, Clément Sorin et Véronique Sauzière pour cette intense semaine de TP. Merci aussi Véro pour ta grande aide lors de la semaine de récolte des graines et des plantules de Jussies, les journées étaient presque interminables, mais ta bonne humeur et nos discussions ont participé à rendre le tout beaucoup plus agréable ! Je tiens aussi à remercier la plateforme P2M2, et notamment Solenne Berardocco et Nathalie Marnet pour les dosages de sucres et acides aminés. Merci également à ceux d’entre vous qui étaient présents lorsque je venais voir Carole, dans le bâtiment 14A puis dans le bâtiment 25, merci pour votre accueil et pour les pauses thés ! Je voudrais également remercier toutes les personnes du centre commun Ecolex qui ont amplement contribué à la réalisation des expérimentations de cette thèse, notamment celles avec les bassins et la germination : un grand merci à Jean-Pierre, Valérie G., Fouad, Thierry, Diab, Guillaume et Jean-Luc pour votre disponibilité et pour le temps passé sur ces projets ! J’ai une pensée pour les stagiaires avec qui j’ai eu l’occasion de travailler : Léa, Quentin, Charlotte, Thomas, Léo et Erwan, votre participation lors de la mise en place des expérimentations et/ou lors des mesures de traits a été essentielle ; ces journées un peu répétitives étaient bien plus plaisantes grâce à votre motivation et à votre sympathie. Merci aussi à tous les autres stagiaires de passage à Ecobio avec qui j’ai eu l’occasion d’interagir. Merci à la super équipe administrative et logistique d’Ecobio, sans qui on ne ferait pas grand-chose : Tifenn, Sandra, Valérie H, Fabienne, Isabelle. Un grand merci également à Badia Mssassi pour sa disponibilité et son efficacité face aux questions techniques et logistiques de la thèse. Pour les moments d’échange et de convivialité le midi dans les cafets du 1e et du 2e étage, je tiens à remercier Cécile L., Nicolas, Alexia, Jean-Pierre, Julie, Vincent, Simon, Almudena, Sébastien, Lise, Diane, Anne L. Valérie B., Maryvonne, David, Hervé, Christophe, Aude, Cendrine, Claudia et tous les autres ! Je remercie par ailleurs l’ensemble des membres d’ECOBIO et de l’équipe ESDD que j’ai eu l’occasion de croiser au détour d’un couloir durant ces trois années. Enfin un grande merci à tous les doctorants, CDD, ATER ou post-doc d’Ecobio pour nos nombreux échanges, scientifiques, parfois, ou moins scientifiques, la plupart du temps. Vouloir décompresser de la thèse en allant boire un verre en ville et finir par discuter de la thèse, je crois que c’est arrivé à chaque fois ! Tous ces moments de convivialité au labo et hors labo ont été salutaires pour faire face à ces trois ans. Je remercie d’abord mes supers co-bureau successives : Maud (pour nos premiers pas en thèse, et pour tous les moments qui ont suivi ! ton calme, nos rires et chuchotements ont été d’une grande aide !), Nathalie (pour ta bonne humeur communicative, ton partage d’expérience et d’optimisme, les heures à discuter autour d’un déjeuner en ville...) et Emeline (pour les discussions enjouées qui font du bien, pour partager ton expertise des oiseaux avec moi, et merci encore pour les bassins ! Crazy driver et crazy scientist ;) Merci aussi particulièrement à ceux que j’ai eu l’occasion de voir régulièrement, souvent autour d’une bière et/ou d’un repas : Kévin H. (parce que si une phrase a un double sens, tu le trouves forcément !), Maxime Dh. (je crois que ton expertise en jeux et en séries équivaut au moins celle en stat ! c’était chouette que tu sois toujours un peu là, notamment pour nous amener des gâteaux gras-sucrés-trop-bons), Lisa (ton sourire toujours présent, même « Auu fond des fossés, palapala pa »), Flore (merci tout spécialement pour nos discussions devant l’Osur, et pour la découverte du Hibou), Grégoire (le bon jeu de mot au bon moment, c’est un art !), Tiphaine (pour être toi, avec tes instants de folies toujours magiques !) Diana (Ragazze, c’était pas du tout une insulte en italien en fait x), Elmina (Slug life !), Bastien (pour le bureau du M.A.L., pour ta franchise et pour la découverte du BDS et du Frog, même si pour toi on n’y est pas allés pendant de longs mois =), Manon (toujours enjouée, même après avoir passé la nuit à attraper des hérissons ou des papillons !), Youn (je crois que je ne vais pas m’en remettre, il y avait des bus ! ! !), Alice G. (prends bien soin de Chacha !), Laura (ma sauveuse ! merci pour ton aide ce soir là, et merci de m’avoir incitée à faire des pauses thé avec toi). Merci à tous pour ces moments d’écoute, de rigolade, et de partage ! Et pour finir merci à tous les autres, que j’ai croisé un peu moins souvent mais avec qui j’ai toujours apprécié échanger : Stéphanie, Alix, Hélène, Kévin T., Sarah, AA, Nathan, Kévin P., Lou, Maxime Dm. etc. Merci aussi et bienvenue aux petits nouveaux qui viennent de commencer cette aventure qu’est la thèse, notamment Alice M.-G. et Gorenka puisque vous êtes les seules que je connais à l’heure où j’écris ces lignes. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ce n’est pas tous les jours que j’ai l’occasion de remercier mes amis et mes proches pour leur soutien constant, alors je vais en profiter. Ces trois dernières années ont été particulièrement éprouvantes, et votre présence à mes côtés, que vous soyez à Rennes ou aux quatre coins de la France, a été plus qu’importante. Tout d’abord merci à mes coupines d’enfance : Gwénaëlle pour avoir trouvé du temps pour moi entre deux révisions (et pour le Tonus !), Aurore pour les soirées ciné, Halloween, les repas au népalais ou chez toi, Elodie pour les échappées en bord de mer et les discussions sur ma terrasse, et Sandrine pour les verres en ville, à Rennes et à Paris ;) Merci pour tous les moments passés ensemble ces trois dernières années (les crémaillères, les anniversaires), mais surtout pour tout ce que j’ai pu partager avec vous depuis près de 20 ans ! Merci d’être là depuis toutes ces années ! Merci Auriane et Aurore D., les Enitiennes en thèse à Rennes, pour les soirées jeux et autres invitations à se voir ! Merci à la bande de l’IUT et à la mafia du radiateur pour les nouvel ans, crémaillères et autres festivités ensemble ! Merci à tous les membres d’Erwendal pour m’avoir changé les idées IG, mais aussi IRL.
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