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Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae, Chrysomelidae, Orsodacnidae) from the George Washington Memorial Parkway, Fairfax County, Virginia

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Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae, Chrysomelidae, Orsodacnidae) from the George Washington Memorial Parkway, Fairfax County, Virginia Banisteria, Number 41, pages 71-79 © 2013 Virginia Natural History Society Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae, Chrysomelidae, Orsodacnidae) from the George Washington Memorial Parkway, Fairfax County, Virginia Joseph F. Cavey U.S. Department of Agriculture, APHIS, PPQ 4700 River Road, Unit 52 Riverdale, Maryland 20737 Brent W. Steury and Erik T. Oberg U.S. National Park Service 700 George Washington Memorial Parkway Turkey Run Park Headquarters McLean, Virginia 22101 ABSTRACT One-hundred and seven species in 60 genera of bruchid, chrysomelid, and orsodacnid leaf beetles were documented from the George Washington Memorial Parkway in Fairfax County, Virginia. Three species (Chaetocnema irregularis, Crepidodera bella, and Longitarsus alternatus) are documented for the first time from the Commonwealth. The study increases the number of chrysomelid leaf beetles known from the Potomac River Gorge to 187 species. New host plant associations are noted for some species. Malaise traps and sweeping or beating vegetation with a hand net proved to be the most successful capture methods. Periods of adult activity based on dates of capture are given for each species. Key words: Bruchidae, Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera, Fairfax County, leaf beetles, national park, new state records, Orsodacnidae, Virginia. INTRODUCTION highest species richness and abundance in open areas having a diverse flora (Greatorex-Davies et al., 1994; The Chrysomelidae, or leaf beetles, are the second Masashi & Nagaike, 2006). largest family of phytophagous beetles, with estimates The Bruchidae, considered by some a subfamily of ranging from 37,000 to 50,000 species worldwide, the Chrysomelidae, were given familial status by including approximately 1,700 species represented in Kingsolver (1995) based on a number of morphological North America (Lopatin, 1977; Jolivet, 1988; Riley et characters and their unique adaptations for ovipositing al., 2002). Larvae and adults feed primarily on leaves of on seeds or fruits and pods containing seeds. They are aquatic and terrestrial host plants, but some species also known for feigning death by falling from their specialize on roots, stems, seeds, flowers, pollen, or perch with legs and antennae appressed to the body and detritus. Largely because of their feeding habits, but head lowered. Approximately 1350 species are known also through the transmission of plant viruses, members worldwide, with 149 species documented from the of this group include a number of agricultural and United States (Kingsolver, 2002). horticultural pests. Some intentionally introduced The Orsodacnidae consists of 30 species that were species have become effective biological control agents formerly placed in two subfamilies of the on invasive non-native plants. While most adults are Chrysomelidae (Clark & Riley, 2002). Four species of small (1-10 mm) but boldly patterned and colored, the orsodacnids are recorded from the United States (Riley family also contains hundreds of cryptic species with et al., 2003). unknown biological habits. Leaf beetles reach their Although the leaf beetles are one of the most 72 BANISTERIA NO. 41, 2013 studied families of Coleoptera, and state level lists have been compiled by many authors (Balsbaugh & Hays, 1972; Downie & Arnett, 1996; Clark, 2000; Riley et al., 2003; Ciegler, 2007; Staines & Staines, 2009), no published systematic studies have been conducted in northern Virginia. This study sought to add to the knowledge of the leaf beetle fauna by compiling records, documented with a voucher specimen, from various studies conducted in the George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP), a national park in northern Virginia, and to determine whether any federally or state-listed rare, threatened or endangered leaf beetles occur within the study site. Currently, only one chrysomelid species (Calligrapha pnirsa Stål) is listed as rare in Virginia (Roble, 2013). This park includes areas along the Potomac River Gorge, an area noted for its biodiversity and regionally rare species (Evans, 2008). STUDY SITE The study site includes approximately 850 ha of lands managed by the National Park Service as units of the George Washington Memorial Parkway at Great Falls Park, Turkey Run Park, Dyke Marsh Wildlife Refuge, and Little Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia (Fig 1). Great Falls and Turkey Run parks fall within the Piedmont physiographic province while Dyke Marsh and Little Hunting Creek are on the Fig. 1. Location of study sites within the George Washington Coastal Plain. All sites are situated along the shore of Memorial Parkway, a unit of the National Park Service, in the Potomac River, and Great Falls and Turkey Run Fairfax County, Virginia. parks border the Potomac River Gorge. Most of the study sites are dominated by maturing, second growth, deciduous woodlands, but more open, herbaceous- the collections from GWMP, primarily as by-catch dominated habitats can be found in narrow bands along from studies targeting other arthropods. These include a the Potomac River and at Dyke Marsh. The vascular Bioblitz held on 23-25 June 2006 which documented 19 flora of the GWMP is diverse, with 1,313 taxa species (Evans, 2008); a bee inventory at Great Falls recorded, 1,020 from Great Falls Park alone (Steury et Park in 2007 and 2008 utilizing yellow, blue, and white al., 2008; Steury, 2011). pan traps (Steury et al., 2009); surveys of sawflies, caddisflies, shoreflies, and beetles utilizing six Malaise MATERIALS AND METHODS traps set in Great Falls and Turkey Run parks from 2006 through 2008 (Steiner & Erwin, 2007; Smith, The number of chrysomelid species documented 2009; Flint, 2011; Flint & Kjer, 2011; Mathis & from GWMP has grown since the first inventories Zatwarnicki, 2012); studies of alderflies, ants, fireflies, targeting this family occurred in Turkey Run Park on and scorpionflies collected at pitfall or Malaise traps two days in 1985 and 1986, when 14 species were run at Dyke Marsh from 1998 through 2003 (Kjar & recorded. This was followed by 14 days of chrysomelid Barrows, 2004; Barrows et al., 2005, 2008; Barrows & survey effort conducted in 2005 and 2006 in Great Falls Flint, 2009; Kjar, 2009) and studies targeting beetles and Turkey Run parks, which documented 70 species. captured by hand picking and in pitfall, Lindgren Survey methods for the 2005-2006 study consisted funnel, and blacklight traps set at Great Falls Park, entirely of sweeping beetles from foliage with a net and Turkey Run Park, Dyke Marsh Wildlife Refuge, and hand picking specimens from plants. Both subsequent along Little Hunting Creek in 2010 and 2011. and prior to the 2005-2006 inventory, a number of Occasional collections by hand picking were made at additional studies have added leaf beetle specimens to other locations within GWMP in Arlington or Fairfax CAVEY ET AL.: LEAF BEETLES 73 counties. Specimens were pinned and deposited in the Island were found in Great Falls or Turkey Run parks collections maintained at the George Washington located along the Potomac River Gorge within 6 km Memorial Parkway, Turkey Run Park Headquarters in north and south of Plummers Island, respectively. McLean, Virginia. Nomenclature follows Riley et al. These species bring the total number of chrysomelids (2003) and Kingsolver (2004). To determine new documented from the Potomac River Gorge to 187 Virginia records, we reviewed Riley et al. (2003) and species. A total of 36 species was found at Dyke Marsh Staines & Staines (2009) and conducted searches in (16 unique to this site), 82 at Great Falls Park (36 collections at the Virginia Museum of Natural History, unique), and 41 at Turkey Run Park (7 unique). No leaf Martinsville, Virginia (VMNH); National Museum of beetles were captured at Little Hunting Creek where Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, only Lindgren funnel and pitfall traps were used. One DC (NMNH); and collections at Shenandoah National species from GWMP was added from Arlington County Park, Luray, Virginia and Bull Run Mountains at Memorial Bridge. Sweeping or beating vegetation Conservancy, The Plains, Virginia, and the private with a hand net proved to be the most successful collection of Arthur V. Evans, Richmond, Virginia. method of capturing leaf beetles during this study, New host plant associations were determined through a yielding 77 species. Malaise traps captured 63 species, comparison of our records with those documented by pan traps and blacklight traps caught six species each, Clark et al. (2004). and pitfall traps collected three species, while Lindgren funnel traps failed to add any leaf beetles to the study. RESULTS Some of the most suitable leaf beetle habitat available at the study sites included two locations at A total of 107 species in 60 genera and three Great Falls Park that were especially productive. Near families was documented from GWMP. No species in coordinates N38o 59.680′ W77o 15.060′, the Central the family Megalopodidae (sometimes considered a Appalachian Riverside Outcrop Prairie (sensu Steury subfamily of the Chrysomelidae) were documented et al., 2008) adjacent to the Potomac River harbors from the study area. This represents 27.7% of the 386 a diverse flora from which 15 leaf beetle species chrysomelid taxa documented from Virginia (Staines & were taken. At the northern end of Great Falls Park Staines, 2009). At least eight species reported from (N39o 00.325′ W77o 15.336′), a hillside seep creates a GWMP are not native to North America. Three native small open wet meadow just west of an adjacent trail
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