tft. 'l_"'''1'''.. 'tHCI' it ~~T,,"{fur~~, FOREWORD
The District Census handbook (DCB), compiled by the Cens!.ls organisation on behalf of the State governmellts, is one of the most valuable products of t~e ~CilSUS: The DCB is .const~ntly referre~ to ~ye planner s, administrators, academicians and researchers. ]t IS 11 ter-aha used for delimitatIOn of constItuencIes, formulation 'of local level and region a! plans and as an aid to Dlstrict administration. Tbe district census handbook is the only publication which provides Primary Census Abstract (PCA) data upto village level for the rural areas and wardwise for each city or town. It also plovides data on infrastructure and amenities n villages and towns, etc.
The district census handbook series was initiated during the 1951 Census. It contained important census tal:>les and PCA for each village 2nd tcv.n of the distIict. During 1961 Census the seep! of the DeH was enlalged and it contained a descriptive account of the district, administrative statistlcs, census tables village and town directory, including PCA. The 1971 DCB series was planned in three parts. Part-A related to village and tov.n directory, Part-.B to v)lla~e and town PCA and Part-C compri fed analytical Jeport, adminJ5tratj\,e 5talJ~tics, district census tables and certain analytical tables based on peA and amenity data in re~pect of villages. However, in sOlre statfs it was confined to district census tables and in a ftw cases altogether gi, en up due to delay in compilation and printing.
While designing the format of 1981 DCH series some new features akng v.ith the r;structuring of the formats of village and town directory have been attempted. At the same time, compara bility with the 1971 data has also been kept in view. All the amenities except power supply in the village have been brought together in the village directory v.ith the instruction that in case an amenity is not available in the referrent village the di~tance in broad ranges from the nearest place where the amenity is available may be given. The restructuring of the format of the village directory and incorporating more exhaustive data on infra&tructure aspect particularly in relation to amenities and land-use pattern is e"pected to further meet the need of micro level planning for rural areas. It is expected to help not only in local area planning but regulating tho provision of goods and services as well so as to minimise the regional imbalan ces in the process of development. A few new itemS of information have also been introduced to meet some of the requirements of tbe Revised Minimum Needs Programme. Such new items of informal ion as adult literacy centres, primary health sub-centres, and corrmunity health workers in the village have been introduced in the village directory with tbis objectives in mind. The new item on approach to the village is to have an idea about the villages in the district which are inaccfsible. A new column, "total popUlation and number of housebolds" has been introduced to examine the correlation of the amenities with the popu]aticn and number of houseohlds they serve. Addition of two more appendices listirg the villages where no ame nities are available and according to the proportion of scheduled castes arld scheduled tribes popUlation to the total population has also been made with this view in mind.
The forroats of the town directory have also been modified to neet the requirements of the Minimum Needs Frq,H IT D f b~ PJO"jdJl1g if' fel rr ~ticn on a few new item A new statem(nt on civic and other amenities in slums in c1ass-I and class-II towns (Statement IV-A) has been introduced with tbis objective in mind. It is expected that this will help the planners to chalk out programmes on provision of civic amenities for the improvement of slums. The coJun rs n2 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population in statement IV relating to civic and other amenities and adult literacy classes/centres under educational facilities in statement V are also added inter-alia VIIith this IV
~iew. A significant addition is class of town in all the seven statements of tho town directory. The infrastructuro of am~llitiei in urban aNas of th' Clun try can be belt analysed by taking the class of townl into consi deration. Tbe addition of tbe columnl on civic admillistration statu !I and population in a few statements also serves tbis purpose.
The format of the primary censul abitract for the villages and tOWIlS hai b~~n f>rln~latej in tll~ ligh t of changes in the economic and oth:r questions canvassed through the individual slip of 1981 censlIs.
In order to avoid delay in publication of 1981 DCH series it has been so designed that Part-A of tho volume contains village and town directory and Part-B tbe PCA of villages and towns including tbe Scbeduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes peA upto Tahsil/ToRn levels. At the beginning of the DCH a detailed analytical note supported by a number of inset tableS based on PCA and non-census data in relation to tho infrastructure has been introdl.lced t.) ellhanc~ its value. The district Md tahiillp>lici statiollfCD Block etc., level maps depicting the boundaries and other Important features have been inserted at appropriate pI aces, to further enhance the value of the publication.
Tilis publication is a joint venture of the State Government and the Census Organisation. The data have been collected an i compiled in the Stae under the direction of Shri K. C. Dubey, the Director of Cemus Op~rations, Mldhya Pladelh on b:half of the State Government which has borne the cost of printin g. The task of planning, designing and coordination of this publication was carried out by Shri N.G. Nal, Depu~ Registrar General (Social Studies) of my offica. Dr. B.K. Roy, Deputy Registrar General (Map) provided the technical guidance in the preparation of the maps. Data received from Census Directorates have been Icrutinised in the Social Studies Division at the headquarterl under the guidance of Shri M. M. DUI, Senior Research. Officer. I am thankful to all who have contributed in the project.
New Delhi P. PADMANABHA the 26 April, 1981 REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA PREFACE
One of the most important publications of the Census arc the District Census Handbooks. This -'Publication was begun in tbis caption since 1951 Census. But prior to tbis, a similar publication was re~eased in the Census earlier than 1951. That publication was on the title of Village Statistics and it contains •.only village names and total population thereof. The 195! Census could, therefore, be said to present a significan, step in the process of making detailed Census statistIcs available down upto the Village Jevel.
In fact the District Census Handbookl is the most important publication at tbe Census and is also 1>erbaps the most widely used. Also perhaps this is the only publication used at the micro-level down upto the tahsil and development Block.
The form of the District Census Handbook has gone considerable change since 1951. This is basi cally due to the growing demand for more information. For the purpose of convenience as well as with a view to making the basic statilltics available with tbe data users as early as -possible the District Census Hand boo~s have been split into 2 parts. Part-A contains the Introductory Note on the District an~ Town/Village Directory. This Volume will be found useful to get almost aU the non-Census statistics available at one place. Fart-B also contains tbo Primary Census Abstract.
One of the innovation of the present Census has been in term of allotment of Location Code numbers to the villages. In the earlier censuses the Location Code system was such that the villages of a Patwari Cin:le were found at different serial numbers. Since the patwari circle still remains an important administrative unit, tbe Location Code numbers have been so given in the present Census that it may be possible to locate all the villages of. particular Patwari Circle at one place one below the other.
When the planning for the present censul was started in 1979 the tahsils wore still revivable as an impor tant unit of the administration, the whole planning was, therefore, done taking tahsil as the Unit. It .was -during the course of the census that some requests were informally received for making bloclwise data available. Since these requests were received very late and were also received only in an informal manner. it bas not been possible to disturb the original planning of villages arranged according to the location code ·numbers taking tahsil IS one unit. However, additional exercise has been done and in addition to the tahsil figures blockwisc figures have also been indicated. It is hoped that the availability of these blockwiso data will enhance the utility of this publication.
It is hoped that this handbook will provide the basic statistical support to executive and develop mental administration. It is needless to state that the proper implementation of policy depends on the ability of the administration authorities concerned.
It may be remembered that the villagewise area figures giv".n in tbe Primary Census Abstract and the Village Directory are those based on the village papers while the tahsil totals given ia PCA are obtainecl from the Land Records department which in many ca~es exclude forest area. VI
The statistics that are contained io the district census handbooks are the result of a massive an. maratbon exercise in the compilation and tabulation of voJuminC'us statistics. The compilation of the stati stics contained in this volume was carried out by 9 Regional Tabulation Offices each under a Regional DeputY' Director of Census Operations. These Regional Offices were run with the help of purely temporary staff roughly about 1,500 Tabulators, about 250 Checkers and abolJt SO Supervisors. I am grateful to my colleagues, the Regional Deputy Directors and those temporary staff for the speed and aq:uracy in the editing and basic. compilation of more than nearly 522 Jakh slips and nearly 1 lakh of household schedules. The compilation of village directory was taken up at the Headquarters and I am equally grateful to the officers and stafr who have worked whole beartedly on the job in a collective and cooperative venture. It is not possible nor fair to name in this. The rnaps contained in the handbook have been prepared in the Cartographic Section of my office, However, the analytical note has been perpared. by Shri O. P. Tiwari, Investigator,. Census Operations.
I am thankful to all wbo have contributed to bring tbis publication possible. The Census Organis ation is also grateful to the Go_vernment of Madbya Pradesh for baving been so kind as to undertake the publication of these handbooks and to tbe Controller, Printing and Stationery, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal and his. staff for the Printing arrangements made. The inspiration behind tbis ambitious venture is that of our indefiltigable Registrar General, Shri P. Padmanabha, to whom we are all deeply greateful. Our thanks are also due to Shri N. G. Nag. Deputy Registrar General (So>::ial Studies) for all the help that we received from him and his section.
:K. C. DUBEY »hopal Director of Census Operations,. Janmasbtmi 31~ August, 1983. Madhya Pradesh. IMPORTANT STATISTICS MADHYA PRADESH Hosbangabad District .t»opulatioll Total Persons 52,178,844 1,903,939 Males 26,886,305 526,273 Females 25,292,539 477,666 Rural Persons 41,592,385 751,855 Males 21,266,321 391.377 Females 20,326,064 360,478 Urban Persons 10,586,459 252,084 Males 5,619,984 134,896 Females 4,966,475 117,188 'Decennial Population Growth Rate 1971-81 25.27 24.29 Area (Sq. Kms.) 443,446.0 1,0037.0 Density of Population (Per Sq. Kms.) 118 100 Sex-ratio (Number of Females per 1000 Males) 941 908 Literacy rate Persons 27.87 35.35 Males 39,49 47.58 Females 15.53 21.88 Percentage of urban population to total population 20.29 25.11 Percentage to total population ( i) Main Workers Persons 38.41 34.25 Males 53.52 51. 73 Females 22.35 15.00 . ( ii) Marginal Workers Persons 4,52 2.74 Males 0.96 0.64 Females 8.30 5.05 '(iii) Non-Workers Persons 57.07 63.01 Males 45.52 47.63 Females 69.35 79.95 lJre8k-up of Main Workers (percentage amollg maio workers) ( j) Cultivators Persons 51,96 34.60 Males 53.81 39.04 Females 47,28 17,74 .( ii) Agricultural Labourers Persons 24.24 32.73 Males 17.81 24.48 Females 40.61 64.11 '( iii) Household Industry Persons 3.52 3.24 Males 3.36 3.31 Females 3.93 2.96 (iv) Other Workers Persons 20.28 29.43 Mat~ 25,02 H.17 Females 8.18 15.19 'Percentage of Scheduled Castes Persons 14.10 15.58 population to total population Males 14.16 15.47 Females 14.04 15.70 flercentage of Schedul ed Tribes Persons 22.97 J5.99 population to total population Males 22.33 15.61 Females 23.66 16.40 Number of occupied residential houses 8,929,190 176.645 Number of Villages Total 76,603 1.562 Inhabited 71,429* 1.424+ Uninhabited 5,174** 138++ Number of Towns 327 13 * Includes 77 inhabited villages which have been treated wholly as urban outgrowth of nearby City/Town. ** Includes 58 uninhabited villages of Which Abadi Area have been merged in nearby CityfTown. + Inclw1ea 1 iohahited village which has been treated wholly as urban outgroMh of nearby City/Town. ++ Includes 1 uninhabited village of which Abdi Area has l been merged in nearby City {Town.
fq<~EI:WT~ ~1:~ ANALYTICAL NOTE
XI
NOTES AND EXPLANATIONS
This note gives the meanings and explanation of be ensured and which would provide basis for analy '1erm~ and concepts used in this Handbook. This is nece sing of figures and urbanization in the country. But -ssary because, witheut a proper grasp of the meanings it has to be remembered that the urban criterion of of ,uch simple concepts as building, house, household, 1981 varies slightly from that of 1961 and 1971 Cen 'worker etc., it is not possible to appreciate the data suses in that the males working in activities such as presented in the Handbook. Thus, one who does not fishing, logging, etc. were treated as engag,ed in non know that an unpretentious hut in the thick of Bastar agricultural activity and therefore contributed to tbe forest~ with unplastered bamboo walls and a thatched 75 ·f. criterion in 1961 and 1971 Censuses, whereas in ro~f and with space hardly enough for two cots is not the 1981 Census these activities are treated as_ on par a bit less of a building than the Indian versions of with cultivation and agricultural labour "for tho the skyescrapers in one of the metropolitan cities, or purpose of thiS criterion. 'that a central jail housing all manners of criminals and shady characters is as much household as the house Applying the criteria described above, a list of hold of the most pious and god-fearing citizen in the 327 towns wa., finalised and it is these 327 towns whicll 'State, may not be able to appreciate what exactly the are treated as urban areas for the purpose of 1'81 Censlls. Tht! Addlti0nal Secretary to the Govern 'fi~ures represent. ment of India in the Ministry of Home Affairs sent CONCEPfS AND DEFINITIONS a letter to the Chief Secretaries of tbe State Govern ments as back as 10th May. 1979. requesting them RURAL/URBAN: to ensure th it no changes are made in the jurisdiction
It has been the tradition of the Indh!l Cen~us to pre and boundaries of municipalities and revenue Villages. sent the census data for rural and urban areas separa tahsils. SUb-divisions and districts during the periqd tely. In fact, in all the Censuse~ thtoughout the world from 1.1.1980 to 30.61981. However, subsequent to this classification of census data into rural an:) urban our finalisation of rural and urban frame the State units is generally recognised. However, distinction Government in the Local Government Department between rural and urban is not yet amenable to a notified many places as notified areas and municipalitiesL 'Single definition which would be applicable to all Such places have not been treated as towns for the purpose of Census and the Secretary to Government in countries. the Local Government Department had agreed to the The definition of an urban unit at the 1971 C~nsus arrangments. Similarly the State Government raised tile was as follows :- status of 6 municipal committees to that of municipal corporations. These new municipal corporations are (a) All places with a municipality, corp:>ration. also treated as municipal committees. cantonment board or notified town area; While dealing, with the subject of rural and urban (b) All other places which satisfied the following break up mention may be made of the area under the criteria; Special Area Development Authority. The Special (i) A minimum population of 5,000 ; Area Development Authority have been constituted under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Tatha Gram Nivesh (ii) . At least 75 per cent of male working popula Adhiniyam, 1973 a~d tbey enjoy the power to function tion engaged in non-agricultural pursuits;, and as a municipality so far as the municipal management of that area is concerned. The limits of th~se Special (iii) A density of population of atleast 400 per Areas include large portions of rural areas comprising sq. Km. (1.000 per sq. miles). number of villages situated around the core town or The same criteria is retained at the 1981 Census so village of such Special area. For example Orchha is :also that comparability with tbe previous Census could a SADA area in Tikamgarh district but there is DO> XII
town in this area. Similarly, Malanjkband in Balaghat town and (iii) in all probability tDis entire area should! district, Bheraghat in Jabalpur district, Mandav in get fully urbanised in a peried of two or three decades. Dhar district and similar other cases are SAD A areas Certain Standard Urban Areas were determined on bu t there is no urban area within that. The objective this basis in 1971 and some basic data were presen of the SAD A areas perhaps is to control the future ted for 1951, 1961 ano 1971 for such areas and their development of these areas in a planned manner and components. Similar dat,a have been presented for that is all. It was, therefore, not considered desirable the Standard Urban' Areas in 1981 also. The idea is to treat such SADA areas at par with other urban to present basic data for these areas for four to five bodies like municipal corporat ions, municipal decades so that the urbanisation process in tbose areas. committees etc., and only that part of it is treated as can be studied. However, there have been mml urban which is really so. As such in the Korba SADA mum changes in the constituent units of the Standard area only Korba town has been treated as urban and Urban Areas of 1981 Census as compared to th('s~ est of tho area remains in the rural frame. of 1971, but the list of Standard Urban Areas remains. unchanged, URBAN AGGLOMERATION, SIZE CLASS OF TOWNS: Apart from town/city the 1971 concept of urban agglomeration is also adopted for the 1981 Census. The urban areas are classified into 6 classes. Very often large railway colonies, university campuses, referred to as towns of Class I to VI. The classifi port areas, military camps, etc. come up outside the cation is &hown below - statutory limits of the city or town but adjoining it. Such areas may not by themselves qualify to be treated Class I 100,000 and above as towns but if they form a contiguous spread Class II 50,000 to 99,996- with the tawns, they are outgrowths of the town and Class III 20,000 to 49,999:' deserve to be treated as urban. Such towns together Class IV 10,000 to 19,999- with their outgrowths have been treated as one urban unit and called 'urban agglomeration'. An urban Class V 5,000 to 9,999 agglomeration may constitute: Class VI Less than 5,OOQ>.
(a) A city with continuous outgrowth, (the part It is customary to treat a town having a popu- of outgrowth being outside the statutory limits lation of 1 lac and above as a city. but falling within the boundaries of the adjo ining village or villages) ; CENSUS HOUSE:
(b) One town with similar outgrowth or two Or A Census House is a building or part etf a building; having a separate main entrance from the road Of' more adjoining towns wi,h their outgrow~hl as in (a); or common courtyard or staircase, etc., used or recogni sed as a separate unit. It may be occupied or vacant. (c) A city and one or more adjoining towns with It may be used for a residential or non-residential, their outgrowths all of which form a conti purpose or both. DUOUS spread. If a building had a number of flats or bloch, STANDARD URBAN AREA: which were independent of one another having &eparate entrances of tbeir own from the road or a common. A new concept of Standard Urban Area intro staircase or a common courtyard leading to a main. duced in 1971 Census will also be followed for the gate. they have been considered as a separate census. 1981 CeDsus. The eSlential requirements for the houles. constitution of a Standard Urban Area arc; In so.me cases, however it was difficult to apply' (i) It should have a core town of a minimum the definition strictly. For example, in an urbaJ? area, population of 50,000 (li) the contiguous areas made a flat hal five rooms, each having direct entrance to lip of other urban as welt as rural administrative units tbe common staircase or courtyard which by dermition thould have mutuallocio-economic links with the core had to be treated as five Cessus houses. If all these: XIII
five rooms were found occupied by single household By this arundDient, area restrictions for most of the entire flat was treated as one census house. In such Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have been cases singleness of use was taken into consideration to removed. However, the area re striction still remains avoid undue proliferation of the number of ceDSUS in lc;pect of Dhobi (in Bhopal. Raisen and Sehore houses. distlicls) : Kotwal and Pard hi (in Bhind, Dhar, Dewas, An occupied residential census house means a Guna, Gwalior, Indore, Jhabua, Khargone, Mand,aur, census hou~e which is actually used for residential pur Morella, Rajgarb, Ratlam. Shajapur, Shivpuri, Ujjain poses, either wholly or partly by one or more a r d Vidis}1a Districts) and Kumhar (in Chhatarpor, households. ' Datia, Panna. Rewa, Satna, Shahdol. Sidhi anti Tika mgal}1 districts) Scheduled Castes. Likewi~e Keer and HOUSEHOLD: Pardhi Scheduled TrIbes are still restricted only in The term household in census is defined as a BhoFal. Raisen and S;}he>re distri..:ts; MiD a in Sironj group of persons who commonly live together and sub-division of Vidisha district; Panika in ('hbatar- would take their meals from a common kitchen unless P Uf, Dati-l, P ln na, Rewa, Satna.. Sh ahdol, Sidhi, and the exigencies oC work prevented anyone of them tcom Tikamgarh district~; PHdhi, lhhetia, Bahellia, Chita doing so. There may be a household of persons Pardhi. Lar:goli Pard hi, Phanse Pard hi. Shikari, Taka related by blood or a household of unrelated penon! nkar. Takia in (1) Bastar, Ch hindwara. Mandla, or having a mix of both. Examples of unrelated hous F ai! aJ h, S eeni and Surguja districts, (2) Baihar tahsil eholds are b9arding houses, messess. hostels, reside of Ba\aghat district, (3) Betul and Bhainsdebi tahsils of ntial hotels, rescue homes, jails, "Ashrams" etc., These Betul district, (4) Bilaspur and Katgbcra tabsils of are called institutional households. There may be Bilaqmr district, (5) Durg and Balod tahsils of Durg one member households, two member households or district (6) Chov.ki, Manpur and Mohala Revenue multi -member households. For census purposes, each Inspector's Circles of Rajnandgaon district, (7) Mur- o ne of these types is regarded as a 'household'. v- an" P&lan end Sinor', tahsils of Jabalt'ur district, (8) There are three types of households viz, normal, Hoshargabad and Sohagpur tahsils of HOfhangatad institutional and houseless hClusebolds. A houseless ard Nan,imbapur district, (9lHarsud tahsil of Khandwa household is that which ;s normally found to be district, (to) Bindra-Nawagarb, Dhamlari and Maha- residing on the road side, pavements, i~ hume pipes s ~mund tshsils of Raipur district. under staircases, or' in open. temple. mandaps, platforms and the like. Institutional honseholds have Persons belonging to the castes/tribes mentioned been explained above. Those households which do above found in the districts other tban those where not fall in the category of Institutional households and Scheduled have not been treated as scheduled castes or houseless households have been categorised as Normal Bcheduled tribes as the case may be. It may be 'mentioned here that scheduled castes can belong to hous~holds. The enumerator was required to indicate the Hindu or the Sikh religion only, while tbe sched ill the Household Schedule whether the household belonged to 'Institutional household' ,or 'Houseless uled tribes belong to any religion. ' The list of 8:-1e household'. For institutional 'r was written against duled Castes and Scheduled Tribes relating to Madh)a tbe question 'Type of household' and '0' was indica Pradesh relevant to 1981 census has been given imme diately after this note as Annexure-I. ted in the ca~e of houseless J::.ouseb old. For normal household, no emtry was required' to be made. LITERATES AND EDUCATED PERSOl\S : The enumeration of institutional households was done in th~ manner the normal hOlJseholds were A person who can both read and v..rite "itb unde enumerated during the enumeration period from 9th rstanding in any language is treated as lit erate. Person February to 28th February, 1981: The'houseless hou who can merely read but cannot write. is not literate. sebold'! were enumerated on the night of 28th February, 1981. It is not necessary that a person who is literate should have rec!ived any formal education or shculd have :SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCEHDULED TRIBES passed any minimum educational standard.
Scheduled Castel and Scheduled Tribes are thoso The telt for literacy was necessary only when the found in the Notification of Sc;heduied Castes/Schedu enu'llerator ha1 any doubt about any person returning led Tribes Ordor (AmeDdment) Act, 1976 (l08 of I''') ali'litorate'. The $es* for literacy was ability to read'al, XIV
portion of the Enumerator's Instruction Booklet and to divide the population into two broad groups, viz.. to write a simple letter. Ability merely to lign one's name was not considered adequate to qualify a (1) thole who have worked any time at all during person as being able to write with understanding. If the last year, and (2) those who have not worked at a person claimed to be )iterate in some other language aU. with which the enumerator was not familiar. the respo The latter group, consist of the non-workers. This ndent's wurd was taken a s correct. infermation is obtained in Q.I4-A. Having classified the All children of the age of 4 years or lest were population into two groups, the next attempt has been treated as iIleterate even jf they might be going to to classify those who have worked any time into Main school and had picked up reading and writing a few workers and Marginal workers on the basis of time words. spent on work as well as secondary work, if any, of the Main workers. If a person had worked for six months CLASSIFICA nON OF WORKERS BY or more ~180 days or more) he was treated as Main INDUSTRIAL CATEGO R Y ; worker and if the period of work was less than six months he was 'regarded as a Marginal worker. At the 1981 Census. the questions which were In Q.15B details of secondary work or marginal worJa canvassed in the Individu::,l slip to elicit information are obtained. Finally an attempt has been made to on economic characteristics of the population were as determine whether those who are non-workers or marg foHows ;- inal workers are seeking or are available for work. I. Q 14A Worked any time at all last Year? It will thus be seen that these questions on econo Yes mic aspects have been so designed as to identify all (H/ST/D/R/B/ljO) No workers, full time workers or seasonal workers or' Q 14B If yes in 14A, did you work for major marginal workers and non-workers with reference to part of last year '1 Yes (l)jNo (2) the activities during the last one year period prior-to.tho date of enumeration. n. Q 15A Main activity last year '1 Yes in 14B(C/ALjHHIjOW) The various terms and definitions used in collecting No 1U 14B Vi/Sf/DjR/B/I/O) . the economic data have been explained briefly in the following paragraphs. 14B Yes-Any other work any time last year? Yes (C/AL/HHI/OW)/No DEFINITION OF WORK: Q lS.B Work has been defined as participation in any 14B No-Work done any time last year? economically pr.oductive activity. Such participatioa (CI AL/ HHI/OW) may be physical or mental in nature. Work involves III. Q 16 If No in 14A or 14B, seeking/available for not only actual work! but also effective supervision and work '1 Yes (l)jNo(2) direction of work.
The above questions were formulated after detailed For persons on regular employment or engaged in discussion at the Data User's Conference and technical regular type of work, temporary absence during tho group. At the 1961 and 1971 Censuses. the economic reference period on account of illness, holiday, tempo qUOItions were based on different approaches, namely. rary closure, strike etc., was not a disqualification for usual status and current status, wero adopted with treating them as workers. reference period of one year and one week for seasonal and for regular work re&pectively. Current status Persons under training, such as apprentices, with approach was thought to be irrelevant in the context or without stipends or wages were also treated as of our country where usual status of a worker is consi ",orkers. In the case of a person who bad been offered dered to be more appropriate. work but had not actually joined, he was not treated at a worker. Rent rcoeiveH. ~~Iioners etc.. were The ahove questions are in three part. and have not treated as economically active unless they alaD been dClilBe:l in such a way tbat first of all it attempts eaaqed thllDSClves iu. lome economic: -adivit)'•. xv
In all these qur StiOD!'. the reference peric;>d is the categories of the 1961 and the 1971 Cens u~es. The one year; preceding the date of enumeration. Certain nine categories of the 1971 census wc;e (i) Cultivator, ty pes of work such as agriculture. household industry (ii) Agricultural labo Jrer, (iii) Livestock, Forestry, like gur making etc., are carried on either throughout Fis!::ng, Hunting & Plantations, Orchards & allied the year or only during certain ~easons or part of the activities; (iv) Mining, (v) Manuiacturing, Processi year, depending on the local circomstancts. In all such ng and servicing with sub-categories (a) At Hc.usehold cases the reference period bas been tbe broad time Industry and (b) other than Household Industry span of agricultural seasons preceding the enumera (vi) Cor.struction, (vii) Trade and Commerce, Nii) tion. Transport, Storage and Communications; and (ix) Other \\-orken. The correspondence betv. een the MAIN WORKERS categories of 1981 and 1971 are as under-
The main workers are tbose wbo bave worked 1981 Categories 1971 Categories for a major part of the year preceding the enumera I I tion. Main activity of a person who was engaged ·in II II more than one activity was reckoned in terms of time III V(A) disposition. For example, if a person had worked as IV III, IV, V(b), VI, VII, VIII & IX daily wage labourer for 4 months, as an agricultural CULTIVATOR: lab~urer for 1 month and as cultivator for 2 months, be was treated as a Main worker on the basis of For purposes of Census a person is working 8S total time spent on work and his main activity have cultivator if J::e or she is engaged either as employer, been reckoned as Daily Wage Labourer since he spent single worker or family worker in cultivation of land major part of his time on work in this activity than as owned or held from Government or held frolU private culti vator or agricultural labourer. persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or MARGINAL WORKERS; share.
Marginal workers are those \Xho I!ave worked any Cultivation involves ploughing, sewing and harve time at all in the year preceding the enumeration sting and production of cereals and mmet crops such but have not worked for a major part of the year. For as wheat, paddy, jowar. bajra, ragi, etc., and otber example, if a person who is mostly doing household crop! such as sugarcane, groundnuts, tapi0:a. etc. duties, 0; is mainly a student, or mainly a dependent and pulses, raw jute and kindered fibre crops, cottOD or a rentier, or a beggar and the like who is basically etc., and 'does not' include fruit growing, vegetab1e a non-worker had done some work at some time during growing or keeping orchards or groves or working the reference period, he was treated as a marginal of plantation like tea, coffee, rubber, cinchona, opium worker. and other medicinal plantations.
NON-WORKERS: AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS:
Non-workers constitute of ho useholders. students, Persons working in aDother pres('ns land for wages dependents, retired persons or rentiers, beggars, inma in money, kind or share have been treated as agricultu tes of in~titutions, unemployed persons etc. They are ral labourers. An agricultural labourer bas no risk persons who have not worked any time at all in the in the cultivation and he hIS no 'right of lease Oli year preceding the enumeration. contract on land on which be works.
MAIN ACTIVITY OF WORKERS: HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY:
The main activity of workers has been classified Homehold Industry is defined as an industry into four categories viz., cultivator, agricultural I abo conducted by the head of tbe housell.old hi msetf/herself urer, household industry and other work in the PCA and or by the members of the households at home or at the 1981 Census. A significant departure has, there within the 'linage in rural areas and only within the fore, been made this time while presenting the data precincts of the house where the household lives in urban on economic activity which relate to only four broad areas. The larger proportion of workers in a household categories indicated above as against nine industrial industry should consist of members of the household '. XVI including the head. The industry should not be run on OTHER WORKERS: the scale of registered factory which would qualify and bas to be registered under the Indian Factories Act. All workerl i. c. those who have been engaged i. some economic activity during tbe last one ~ear, wbe Household industry relates to production, proce are not cultivators. or agricultural labourers or in ssing, servicing, repairing or making and selling (but household industry' arc 'Other workers'. The type of not merely selling) of goods such as handlocm wea workers that come under this category include factory ving. dyeing. carpentry, bidi rolling, pottery manu workers, plantation workers, those in trade, comme factur e~ bicycle rtpairlng, blacksmithing, lailorill g. etc. rce. busincss, transport. mining, construction, political It does not include profe6sions such as a pleader or or social work, all government servants, municipal doctor or barber or 'dhobi' even if such professions employees, teachers, priests, entertainment artists ctc. are run at horne by m~mbers of th~ household. --- ~VlI
ANNEXURE-l
MADHYA PRADESH
The Sched uled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Ordrrs (.4 mendment) Act, 1976) Dated the 18th September, 1976
SCHEDULED CASTES
1 Audhe.:a. 36 Mahar, Mehra, Mehar. 2 Bagri. Bagdi. 37 Mang, Mang Garodi, Mang Garudi. Dankbni 3 Bahna, Bahana. M ang, Mang Mahafi, Madari, Garudi, Radhe 4 Balabi, Balai. Mang. 5 Banchada. 38 Meghwal. 6 Barahar, Basod. 39 Moghia. 7 Bllrgunda. 40 Muskhan. 8 Basor, Burud, Bansor, Bansodi, Bansphor, Basar. 41 Nat, Kalbelia, Sarera, Navdigar, Kubutar. 9 Bedia. 42 Pardbi (in Bbind, Dhar, Dewas, Guna, Gwalior, 10 Beldar, Smikar. Iodore, Jhabua, Kbargone, Mandsaur, Morena, iJ. 1 Bbangi, Mehtar, Balmik, Lalbegi, Dharkar. Rajgarh, Ratlam, Sbajapur, Sbivpuri, Ujjain and :I 2 Bhanumati. Vidisha Districts). 13 Chadar. 43 Pasi. 14 Chamar, Chamari, Bairwa, Bhambi, Jatav. Mochi , 44 Rujjhar. Regar, Nona, Rohidas, Ramnami, Satnami, Surjy- 45 Sansi, Sansia. abanshi, Surj yaramnami, Ahirwar, Chamar Mangan, 46 Silawat. Raidas. 47 Zamral. 15 Chi dar. ll6 Chikwa, Chikvi. SCHEDULED TRIBES 17 Chitar. 118 Dabait, Dahayat, Dahat. 1 Agariya 19 Dewar. 2 Andb. 20 Dbanukl. 3 Baiga. 21 Dbed, Dher. 4 Bbaina. 22 Dhobi (in Bhopal, Raisen and Sehore districts). 5 Bharia Bbumia, Bhiunbar Bhumia, Bhumiya, 23 Dohor. Bharia, Paliha, Pando. 24 Dam, Dumar, Dome, Domar, Doris. 6 Bhattra. 25 Ganda, Gandi. 7 Bhil, Bbilala, Barela, Patelia. 26 Ghasi, Ghasia. 8 Bhil Mina. 27 Holiya. 9 Bhunjia. 28 Kanjar. 10 Biar, Biyar. 29 Katia, Patharia. 11 Binjhwar. 30 Khatik. 12 Birbul, Birhor. 31 KoIi, Kori. 13 Damor, Damaria. 32 Kotwa] (in Bhind, Dhar, Dewas,' Guna, Gwalior, 14 Dhanwar. ndore, Jhabua. Khargone, Mandsaur, Morena, !l5 Gadaba, Gadba. Rajgarh, Ratlam, Shajapur, Shivpuri, Ujjain, 16 Gond: Arakh. Arrakh, Agaria, Asur, Badi Maria, and Vidisha districts). Bada Maria, Bhatola, Bhimma. Bhuta, Koilabhuta, 33 Khangar, Kanera, Mirdha. Koliabhuti, Bbar, Bilonhorn Maria. Chota Maria, 34 Kuchbania. Dandami Maria, Dhuru. Dhurwa, Dhoba, DhuJia, 35 Kumhar (in Chbatarpur, Datia, Panna, Rewa, DorJa, Gaiki, Gatta, Gatti, Gatia, Gond, Gowari. Satm, Shahd:>l, Sidhi and Tikamgarh districts). Hill Maria, Kandra, Kalanga, Khatola, Koitar, XVIII
Koya. Khirwar, Khirwara, Kucba Maria, Kuchaki 36 Panika (in Cbhatarpur, Datia, Panna, Rewa" Maria. MadIa, Maria, Mana, Mannewar. Mogbya. Satna, Shahdol, Sidbi and Tikamgarh districts). Mogia, Monghya, Mudia, Muria, Nagarchi. 37 Pao. Nagwanshi, Ojlla, Raj, Sonjhari Jllare"a, Thatia, 38 Pardh'ln, Patbari, Saroti. Thotya,Wade Maria, Vade Maria, Daroi. 39 Pardhi (in Bhopal, Raisen and Sehore Districts). 17 Halba, Halbi. 40 Pardhi, Babelia~ Bahellia, Chita Pardhi. Lan&!oli 18 Kamar. Pardhi, Phanse Pardhi, Shikari, Takankar Takia 19 Karku lIn (l) Bastar, ChhindwaTa, Mandla, Raigarh. 20 Kawar, Kanwar, Kaur, Cherwa, Ratllia, Tanwar. Seoni and Surguja districts, (2) Baihar tahsil ofd Chattri. Balaght distnct, (3) Betul and Bbainsdehi tahsils 21 Keer (in Bhopal, Raisen and Sehore districts). of Betul district, (4) Bilaspur and Katghora tabsils 22 Khairwar, Kondar. of Bilaspur district, (5) Durg and Balod tahsils of 23 Kharia. Durg district, (6) Cbowki, Manpur and Mobala 24 Kondh, Kbond, Kandh. Re.venue Inspector's Circles of Rajnandgaon 25 Kol. .district, (7) Murwara, Patan and Sihora tahsils of 26 Kolam Jabalpur district, (8) Hosbangabad and Sobagpur 27 Korku, Bopcbi, Mouasi. Nihal, Nahul, Bondhi, tahsils of Hosbangabad distract and Narsimbapur district, (9) Harsud tahsil of Khandwa district, (10 Bondeya. 28 Korwa, Kodaku. Bindra-Nawagarh Dhamtari and Mahasamund 29 Majbi. tahsils of Raipur district. 30 Majbwar. 41 Parja. 31 Mawasi. 42 Sahariya, Saharia, Seharia, Seharia, SOlia, Sor. 32 Mina (in Sironj sub-division of Vidisha district). 43 Saoota. Sauota. 33 Munda. 44 Sauro 34 Nagesia, Nagasia. 4S Sawar, Sawa1'8. 3S Oraon. Dhanka, Dhangad. 46 Sonr. iXIX
HISTORY AND SCOPE OF DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK
The Histcry of the District Census Handbook; Part A contains the Village/Town Directorv and Part could be traced from the 'Village lists' brought out for B contains the Town/Villagewise Primary C~nsus Abst every district in 1901 and 'Village Statistics' for every ract of the concerned district. district in 1911. But this was discontinued in :1921 and 1931. In 1941, however, 'Village Statistics' were PART A: Village Directory contains information brought out by then Central Provinces and Beral' a.bout tbe name of village, total area of village, total Government. It was for the first time in 1951 the pra opulation and number of households in the village, ctice of bringing out a single volume known as the amenities like education, medical, drinking watr.r, post District Census Handbook, giving villagewise statistics and telegraphs, market day, communications, approach to village. distance from the nearest tOWD, power bUp and other Census tables for the district at the cost of ply, staple food, land use, places of religi('us, hIstorical the State Government was initiated and is continuing and archaeological interest etc. since then. In addition there are four appendices to tht Village The District Census Handbook, compiled by the Directory as under:- Census Organisation on behalf of the State Govern ment is one of the most important publication of the (1) Tahsilwise abstract of educational, medical ensus and is widely used by planners, administrators, and other amenities. academicians and researchers. (2) Land utilization data in re!pect of Census The scope of the District Census E andbook has towns. gone considerable change since 1951. In 1951, ttee District Census Handbooks, contained only the Primary (3) Tahsilwise list of villages where no amenties Ceusus Abstract and the Census tables. In view of the are available, and usefulness of tbis publication, improvements were made in 1961 by including non-census data like climate, (4) Tabsilwise list of "iIlages according to the agriculture, co-operation industry, education, health etc., proportion of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled as also an 'Introductory Note' for each district. Unfo Tribes population by ranges. . rtuAately, the desire to make the District Census Hand The last two appendices have been included for book more comprehensive delayed its publication. 1981 be Therefore, in i971, it was decided to publish tbe the first time in Census. Appendix-III will helpful for planning input in areas/villages where District Census Handbook in three parts in order to basic infrastructure is lacking and appendix-IV wil release the maximum data as and when finalised. Part be helpful for planning welfare programmes for sche A contained the Village Directory whicb gives village duled Castes/Scheduled Tribes at micro level, particu wise non-census statistics of land use, area and ameni larly in relation to area development orientation ties available within the village, Part B contained the programmes. villagewil. Primary Census Abstract and Part C eonta i ned various administrative statistics. Part A and B Similarly the Town Directory contains seven state were however, published in one volume siDce it was ments as below :- economical to do 50 as data for both the parts become a vailable early. Parts A and B were published separa Statement I-Status and growth history. tely in Hindi and English versions. Collection of data Statement II--Physical aspects and location of for Part C was combursome and it toola unduly long towns. time 10 its finalisation, and ultimately this publication had to be abondoned in view of the enormous delay Statement III - Municipal Finance. in its printing. Statement IV -Ci vic and other amenities.
In 1981 Census, with a view to avoid delay in bri Statement V-Medical, educational. recreational nging out the DCH series, the part containing the and cultural facilities. adminiltrative statistics has been dropped. Thus the ,,""ent series of District Census Handbook consists or Statement VI- Trade, Commerc('. Industry aDd two volumes viz DCHB Part A and DCHB part B. Banking. An adiitiJnll statem~lt [V -A is m~l'lt o::l1y for industry and other workers, marginal workers and non Class-I and Class-II towns giving the civic and other workers. amenities in notified slums. This statement ha. been introduced for the first time in 1981 Census. The inclusion of Primary Census Abstract relating to the Scheduled Castes a.nd Scheduled Tribes at the Part B :-The townjvillagewise Primary Census tahsilitown level is another important feature of the Abstract gives the basic data like area of the village, DCHB series of 1981 Census. soccupled residential houses, total number of households, population by sex, as also the sexwise population of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. literacy and An appendix containing Development Blockwise pllpulation by se.( into four broad industrial categories 'Vikas Kbandwar' totals of peA figures bas also viz., cultivators, agricultural labourers., household been included. XXI
ANALYTICAL NOTE
Hoshangabad district lies in the southern part of district is nearly four times bigger than Hoshangabad -the state. The present territorial constitution of the district in area but populationwise it is less than district dates back to 1st November 1956 when the double of Hoshangabad district. The district consists States were reorganised. In shape it is longitudinal of four tahsils running east-west, the eastern most irregular strip of country stretching to the south of being Sohagpur followed by Hoshangabad, Seoni Narmada which makes its northern boundary with Malwa and ending with the westernmost Harda. the districts of Raisen, Sehore and Dewas. In the It may be indicated here that the northern boun east its boundary marches with Narsimhapur district, daryof the district is formed by Narmada river which prior to reorganisation, formed part of the and the southern portion of the district covers the district, while East Nimar district makes common Satpura hills. boundary with the district in the west. The two Satpura plateau districts, Chhindwara and Betul Brief History of the District bound the district in the south, the former towards the east and the latter towards the west. The district The transplanated myths connects the history of the takes its name from the headquarters town, which district with the heroes of Mahabharat though there in turn derives from its founder Hushangshah does not appear any specific mention in the recorded Ghori, King of Malwa. history. The territories of the district were ruled over by Pramar Kings from 9th to 12th centuries, The district covers an area of 10031.0 who held their capital at Dhar. The last dynasty of Sq. kms and ranks 19th position in the State. It this clan was King Bhoj who died in 1053 A.D.* includes 2.26 per cent of the area of the State. Therefore, the district had been ruled over by petty The rural and urban break up of the total area chiefs of Tomar and Chauhan Clans. covered by the district is 9907.5 and 127.5 Sq. kms. respectively. As regards population, it ranks These chiefs were defeated by Mohammadan King in the State to 15th position. The district has a Ghori ofMandu in 1401. Sultan Hoshangshah the population of 1,003,939 persons. Average population the second King of Ghori dynasty of Malwa started of a distri~t in the State is worked out to 1, 159,530. ruling over the district in 1405. He built a fort on The population of the district when compared to the bank of Narmada, behind the building of Govem other districts reveals some interesting features. ment I:Iigh School and town took its name from the Jabalpur district covers a little more area than Sultan Hoshagshah. It is worth while to mention Hoshangabad district but its population is more here that prior to the reigning of Sultan Hoshang than double than the Hoshangabad district. On the shah the name of the town had been Narmadapuri. other hand most populous districts Raipur and Sultan Hoshangshah conquered the Khera Kings of Bilaspur contain nearly double the area of Betul and included the territory in the Malwa_ Hoshangabad district and have more than three times Kingdom. He died in Hoshangabad district while of the inhabitants of Hoshangabad district. Bas tar he has been en route to Bet u1.
.central Provinces District Gazetteer-Page 24. XXlI
After the down fall of Ghori dynasty in 1567 the Kingdom of Mandla and Sindhia. Mughal ruled over the district which was in the
jurisdiction of Malwa Subhash with its Sirkor at In the begining of 19th century (1817) (Hosha~ Handia in Harda tahsil. Surprisingly the district ngabad had bfen cPeshwa, Gond
The inset table gives the popUlation, number of villages and towns the in district and its tahsils as in 1981. Census:
TABLE 1
Population, Number of Villages and Towns. 1981
Number r ______POPULATION J...______-. of villages Num- Name Total Rural Urban r~..A..__....., ber of r ___J... ___ ..... r---__-A-- ___ -. Sl. of r ___J..._· __ -. Total Inba- Towns No. Tabsil P M F P M F P M F bited
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 Harda 294,835 152,779 142,056 239,062 123,062 116,000 55,773 29,717 26,056 571 490 3
2 Seoni-Malwa 113,270 58,947 54,323 97,408 50,579 46,829 15,862 8,368 7,494 203 191 1
3 Hoshangabad 343,514 181,529 161,985 215,112 1l3,015 102,097 128,402 68,514 59,888 344 312 5
4 Sohagpur 252,320 133,013 119,302 200,273 104,721 95,552 52,047 28,297 25,750 444 430 4
Total 1,003,939 526,273 477,666 751,855 391,317 360,478 252,084 134,896 117,188 1,5621,423 13 XXIII
It may be seen that an average population of a and Sohagpur, whereas Seoni-Malwa is much below -tahsil comes to 250,984. This average has been the average population referred to above. -crossed by the three tahsils viz. Harda, Hoshangabad
The jurisdictional changes effected during the decade are given below:
1971 1981 r-__A ___• r-__...A- ____ --.
Name of No. of villages No. of Villages Difference ( + or -) r-____...A- ____.., Tahsil r---__,.A.----. r----.A._.-- --. Total Inhabited Total Inhab ted Total Inhabited
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Harda 571 475 571 490 (+ ) 15 2 Seoni-Malwa 203 187 203 191 (+ ) 4 3 Hoshanga bad 338 312 344 312 +6 4 Sohagpur 446 431 444 430 -2 (-) 1
Total 1,558 1,405 1,562 1.423 ( +)4 (+ ) 18
Apparently 4 villages have been added and 18 Mudia Kheda LC No. 144 uninhabited villages have become inhabited in the 2 Tamcharu LC No. 149 ,district as a whole during the decade. Hoshanga'iJad ,tahsil has shown an increase of 6 villages whereas 3 Khargabali LC No. 167 ~Sohagpur tahsil has shown decrease of 2 villages. The LC No. 168 remaining two tahsils have remained unaffected. The " Janakpur ,details of new villages included in Hoshangabad A new habitation has been declared into a village ;tahsil are given below : and named as Golandhi (L.C. No. 338.) Thus 6 Village Raisalpur L.C.No. 80 has been divided villages have been increased in Hoshangabad tahsil . .into two parts vide Govt. of M.P. Notification No. There is a decrease of two villages in Sohagpur .3925/7878 dt. 9.2.76. The other part has been named tahsil. These villages are Chikhli Kalan, (L.C. No • ;as village Saketi (L.C. No. 84). In the said noti 417) and Chikh1i Khurd, (L.e. No. 416) of 197It ,fication the undermentioned villages of Budhni, Census. In brief there has been),558)illages in 1971
tahsil, Sehore District have been I transferred to Census against which by an increase of 4 villages. the 1981 Census has listed 1.562 villages. l!Iosbangabad tahsil :- XXIV
',I.'OW8S An in depth study of spread of urbanisation in the of towns in each tahsil has been given in colomn 14 district gives an alarming picture. The total number of table No.1. The Census from which the town has
S1. District/Tahsil Name and Number of towns No. ~------~----~------~- 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Harda Tahsil Harda Harda Harda Harda Harda, Harda, (1) (1) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) Timarni Timarni ( 2) (2 )
2 Seoni-Malwa Tahsil Seoni-Malwa Seoni-Malwa Seoni-Malwa Seoni-Malwa Seoni-Malwa Seoni-Malwa (1) (1) (1) ( 1 ) (1) (1) 3 Hoshangabad Tahsil Itarsi, Itarsi, !tarsi, Itarsi, Itarsi, Itarsi, Hoshangabad Hoshangabad Hoshangabad Hoshangabad Hoshangabad HoshaDgabad (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
4 Sohagpur Tahsil Sohagpur, Sohagpur, Sohagpur, Sohagpur, Sohagpur, Sohagpur. Pachmarhi Pachmarhi Pachmarhi Pachmarhi, Pachmarhi, Pachmarhi. (2) (2) (2) Pachmarhi- Pachmarhi- Pachmarhi- Cantt. , CaDtt. , Cantt .• Piparia Piparia Piparia (4) (4) (4)
Total Number ofTowns in the District 6 6 6 8 9 9
The above table reveals the faster growth of Dam bas been constructed at Ranipura. urbanisation in the district from 1981 Census. There The urban characteristics have grown in were 9 towns in the district in 1971 Census which Ranipura due to the construction of the Tawa dam. have increased to 13 in 1981 Census. In the race of It has, therefore. been declared as Town in 1981 urbanisation Hoshangabad tahsil has ranked first. Census. The railway yard existing at Bhilakhedi near There were two ancient towns viz. Hoshangabad and !tarsi railway junction has developed and therefore ltarsi continuing as such from 1901 to 1961. There. Bhilakhedi has been declared as town in 1981. after Babai has been declared as town in 1971 Census. This tahsil has produced two more towns in There were 2 towns in Sohagpur tahsil viz_ 1981. These towns are Ranipura and BhiIakhedi. A S ohagpur and Pachmarhi (municipal area) from 1901 _JIlajor irrigation and power project known as Tawa to 1921 Census. Two more towns viz. Pachmarhi, xxxv
'rome in to existance has been given in H.e under-mentioned table in the Census year' Sl. District/Tahsil ------~-~ No. 196J., 1971 1981 10 .11 2 Harda Harda. Harda, 1 Harda Tahsil Timarni Timarni. . Timarni, (2) Khirkiya Khirkiya (3) (3) Seoni-Malwa Seoni-Malwa Seoni-Malwa 2 Seoni-Malwa Tahsil (1) (1) ( 1) Itarsi, Itarsi. ltarsi, 3 Hoshangabad Tahsil .Hoshangabad Hoshangabad, Hoshangabad • Babai Babai, 1(2) (3) Ranipura, BbiJakbedi (5 )
Sohagpur, Sohagpur~ Sohagpur, 4 Sohagpur Tahsil Piparia, Piparia, Piparia, Pachmarahi (M) Pachmarhi (M), Pachmarhi (M). Paclimarhi (Cantt.) Pachmarhi (Cantt.) Pachmarhi (Cantt.) (4) (4) (4)
9 11 13 Total Number of Towns in the District
(Cantonment area) and Piparia were declared as 1961 Census. Khirkiya has been declared as a town to~s for the first time in 1931 Census and all these for the first time in 1971 and continues till 1981 4 towns happened to continue till 1981 Census. Census. The tahsil headquarters of Seoni-Malwa Sohagpur tahsil ranked second position in relation to tahsil is the only town in Seoni-Malwa tahsil which the number of towns in each tahsil of Hoshangabad is continuting since 1901. There has been no increase district. The third and fourth position goes to Harda of town in this tahsil. and Seoni-Malwa.tahsils respectively. The urbani Boshangabad district has ranked 14th poSition sation in Barda tahsil has rapidly grown. Harda in 1971'Census among other disti'ictsin the State in the tahsil headquarters was the only town from 1901. respect of size of urban population and number of to 1931. In 1941 Census one more town viz, Timarni towns. The district has occupied 13th position in "has been increased. These two towns continued till 1981. XXVI
The percentange distribution of population and ObviousJy there is Ulleven distribution of area area among tabsils taking 100 each for population and population in the tahsils of the district. Harda
and area 0 f tbe district is given below to have an tahsil ranks first in respect of area but in relaiion to accurate zccount of popUlation living in each tahsil. population it has occupied second position. Seoni Malwa tahsil does 'not differ much in its proportion. of area and popUlation as it has occupied fourth Table t.t position, in respect of both area and population. Hoshangabad tahsil has large variation. It has Sl. Distrlct/ Area in Rank Population Rank ranked third in relation to the area of the district No. Tahsil sq. km. but it has ranked first with respect to the popUlation. Apparently more population is living in 5 6 1 2 3 4 less area in Hoshangabad tahsil. Lastly, Sohagpur tahsil has occupied second position in the ranking of 1 Harda 33.92 1 29.37 2 area whereas it has occupied third position in the 2 Seoni-Malwa 13.78 4 11.28 4 ranking of population of the district. 3 Hoshangabad 24.00 3 34.32 1 The inset table given below shows tahsilwise· 4 Sohagpur 28.30 2 ~5 .l3 3 popUlation and decadal growth rate of the district District Total 100 100 during 1971-81.
TABLE 2
Decadal Change in Di<;tribution of Population
Population r-_;.______..A.. ______...... Tahsil! Percentage decadal District' 1971 1981 Variation (1971-81) • ____..A.. _____...... • ______..A.. _____-.. r-___ ~_..A.. ____ ~--..
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 Hard a 240,435 198,290 42,145 294,835 239,062 55,773 +22.63 +20.56 +32.30 2 Seoni-Malwii 97,756 85,692 12,064 113,270 97,408 15,862 +15.87 +13.67 +31.40 3 Hosbangabad 267,531 185,914 81,617 343,514 215,112, 128,402 +28.40 +15.71 +57.30 4 Sohagpur 202,018 162,416 39,602 252,320 200,273 52,047 +24.90 +23.31 + 31.40
District 807,740 632,312 175,428 1,003,939 751,8.55 252,084 +24.29 +18.91 +43.10
Before discussing the decenial growth for the Dy. Superintendent of Census Operations, in 1961 current decade 1971-1981 it would be interesting to Census has analysed the growth of population in have a look at the popUlation variation from 1901 earlier censuses. He has also compared the growth of to 1981. In this connection Shri G. N. Tiwari, the Hoshangabad district with the ~~ate as a whole which :XXVII
is reproduced below :- Percentage Variation of PopulatioD 1901-61
Year Hoshangabad District Madhya Pradesh State ~------~------~ ~------~------~--~ Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1901-11 +2.8 +8.3 -36.7 +15.3 +17.8 -l(}.~ 1911-21 -2.9 -5.9 +33.0 - 1.4 - 2.3 +10.9 1921-31 +9.5 +6.5 +35.7 +11.4 + 10.5 +23.0 1931-41 +0.2 -2.2 + 16.1 + 12.3 + 10.5. +32.8 1941-51 + 1.2 -3.5 +27.6 + 8.7 + 6.0 +33.2 1951-61 +21.5 +20.9 +24.2 +24.2 +21.0 +47.1 1901-61 +34.5 +23.8 + 110.6 +92.0 +80.1 +217.4 1901-31 + 9.2 * * +26.7 * * 1931-61 +23.1 * * +51.6 * * 1901-51 +10.7 " * 54.6 * * * Figures not readily available Variation in population during 1901-60-EarIier 1951-61 is borne out clearly from the fact that during Counts :- First recorded count of the territories now the first fifty years i.e. 1901-51, the population of included in the district was made by Major Ousley the district increased by 10.7% against an increase of about the time of two year's settlement in 1836. 54.6% registered by the State. It is interesting to The second census was taken between 1844 and 1847 study the growth of Hoshangabad district during the by Captain Spence. These two however were made sub-intervals 1901-31, 1931-51 and 1951-61 of the in a very rough and ready manner and do not have sixty year period 1901-61. During the per iod an much value for comparative purposes. The census increase of 9.2% which is almost one-third of the in taken in 1866 w~s taken in a regular manner, but crease recorded by the State as a whole during that the series of decennial censuses, started with the period. The next twenty years i.e. 1931-51 were years <:ount of 1872. The 1961 Census was the tenth in stagnancy from the view point of popUlation growth -the series of decennial censuses, and thirteenth, if we in the district, the increase during it being a paltry 1.9% take note of the three earlier counts also. In the against a certainly more impressive increase of 22.1% present section, however. i shall consider the popu recorded by the State as a whole during the same lation variation during the past sixty years only. period. The last ten years of the period 1901-61 Figures relating to percentage variation of the however witnessed an unparalleled increase of 21.5% district's population during each intercensal decade in the popUlation of the district which though some in the period 1901·61 are presented below separately what less than the average increase 0 f the State as a for total, rural and urban areas. Corresponding whole for the same period, is double the percentage figures for Madhya Pradesh are also given ;- increase achieved by the district during the first fifty years taken as a whole or eleven times the increase achieved by it during the 20 year period 1931-51. To -Growth during 1901-61 sum up broadly, growth of population in Hoshanga bad has generally been tardy during the first fifty During the sixty years period 1901-61, Hoshan years of the century and during .the twenty years ~abad's population has increased by 34.5% which is period 1931-51 it had almost become stagnant. The almost one-third of the increase of 92% , registered last ten years i.e. 1951-61 however witnessed a pheno by the State as a whole in the same period. That menal (phenomenal in the context of the observed most of this increase took place during the decade poor growth during the first fifty years) growth in XXVIII
the population of the district, although the same again Martin from 1911 Census Report ~'and partly" is still lower than the state growth of 24.2% during it would seem, owing to a naturally inferior degree the same decade. of fecundity, the :Brahmins, Rajputs, Lodhis, Kurmis and K irars" immigrants mostly from the north who The slow rate of growth in Hoshangabad district have not yet time to be thoroughly acclimatised, has always attracted the attention of earlier writers, have never shown the same degree of prolificness as particularly the Census Superintendents. The the people of the centre and south of the Province**" Gazette~r of the district (1908) observes that the Martin doubts whether any great expansion of rural density of population in the district has remained population was likely in the future, at any rate under practically unaltered since 1847, which suggests that present conditions of cultivation. 150 persons to the square mile is about the maximum that can be supported by the methods of agriculture practised in the district. In 1911-21~ the district suffered a loss of popa lation by 2.9% as against a loss of 1.4% for the State The low rate of growth during 1901-11 was as a whole. As would be seen from the Census Report ascribed by Martin, Superintendent of Census Ope- of 1921 (page XXV), except for cholera in 1912, the , rations, C.P. and Berar, to losses by migration years 1911 to 1917 were normal from the view point which he estimated at 25,000 persons. The dacade of public health. The influenza epidemic of 1918 was not a healthy one for the district. There were however caused heavy mortality, and resulted in over 9,000 deaths from plague and epidemic fever reduced fecundity of the population in the years to was exceptionally; prevalant in 1903, 1905, 1906 and follow; and these should more than explain away the 1910. There were also outbreaks of both cholera and decrease of about 3% suffered by the district. small pox in 1906 and a great deal of bowel com- - p!aints in 1907 and 1910. These visitations were - Shoo bert, Superintendent of Census Operations, reflected both in birth and death rates and the esti";" of C.P. and Berar in 1931 questioned the premises mated natural increase of 10% calculated from vital which Mr. Martin in 1911 and Roughton in 1921 statistics for the decade was considered satisfactory by used to explain the low growth of Hoshangabad -Mr. Martin. The gap between this and ~he increase district. During 1921-31, the district as a whole actually registered was ascribed by Mr. Martin to registered 9.5% increase in population; Harda tahsil unfavourable balance of migration. Giving reasons increased by 9.6% and Seoni-Malwa 4.6%. These for this emigration, Mr. Martin observed that "prac increases, observed Shoobert, more than compen tialJy all the available land has already been put sated for the loss in population between 19,11 and under the plough and it is doubtful whether the land 1921 and invalidated the view that the district, was can, under the present conditions of cultivation, deemed to stagnation. support a large rural population which it, at present, possesses, while the tract does not attract labourers In 1931-4n the ~district's population ramained except at certain periods of the year and has stood more of less stagnant, though the State as a whole in great measure apar,t from the industrial progress increased by 12%. In 1941-51 also, the district regis which is the feature of the cotton growing district*" tered a very low rate of increase (1.2%) as compared Martin considered the district with 'its heavy rainfall with 8.7% for the State as a whole. Owing to war and its soil retentivity of moisture as not a he,althy economies, detailed tabu1ation and reporting was one. The district was subject to attack of epidemic abandoned in 1941, and we have nothing to suggest malaria such as those of 1906 and 1910, the effect of the reasons for the very low increase in popUlation which on birth rate was shown by Major Kenrick to during 1931-41. In'1951, however, the then Superin be more severe than of endemic malaria of the hilly trndent of Census Operations, devoted considerable and woody areas. 4'Partly on this account", to quote space in his report to the discussion of the abnor-
_ '''Cen&us Report. 1911, Page 37. * .. Ibid Page 38. XXIX
mally low rate of !!fCVvth in HosLangabad distrkt. each tahsil the percentage increase. in population According to him, the main causes fc r the low registered during 1951-61. ,growth rate in Hoshangabad district, as also in other agricultural parts of the Narmada va1ley, were (a) Penentage variation in pop.latio. 1951-61 the pressure on agricultural land (b) unhealthy surro undings. The first according to him was the cause of District/Tahsil % Increase in Population r-____ ...A.... ____ ...... the decrease in rural population of the district(which then included the present Narsimhapur district also) Total Rural Urhan succes sively during the dacades 1931-41 and 1941-51. 1 2 3 4 After considering the above evidence before him, the H oshang<.bad district 21.5 20.9 24.2 Census Superintendent in 1951 observed that in 1 Harda Tahsil 27.7 29.6 18.1 Hoshangabad district "the population tends to be 2 Seoni-Malwa Tahsil 17.4 16.8 21.8 constant for the simple reason that all the normally 3 Hoshangabad Tahsil 25.1 22.4 33.0 available culturable land is under plough and 4 Sohagpur Tahsil 13.1 12.3 16.2 there are no industries to absorb more men. If this balance is disturbed by particular circumstances as . AS: will l:;e seen frem this table maximum percen happened in 1911-20 on account of the influenza tage increase has taken place in the easternmost epidemic. the natural process 0 f reco very begins and tahsil, Harda, while the westernmost Sohagpur tahsil the population comes to the normal level again and stands at the other extrerr e in inter-censal growth. balances itself by the phenomena of births, deaths HCfh[rg,b.d ccmes next to Harda in growth and migration". The higher death-rates of the rate during the decade, whereas Seoni-MaIwa is third. Narmada valley were also given to explain the low It is worth noticing that both Harda and Hoshanga increase in population. The phenomenal rise in bad tahsils have registered percentage increase pOpulation tchieved by the district during 1951-61. greater th<.n the district average and S~oni-Malwa & however, militates against the views put forth by the Sohagpur tah sils have grown slower th. n the district Superintendent of Census Operations, 1951, and by as a whole. Comparing the relative increase, it may the earlier Superintendents to be constant because aU be observed that Harda tdsil hES grown more the normal]y available culturable land is under the than double than the rate with which Sohagpur tahsil plough and there are no industries to absorb more bas grown while Hoshangabfd's r~te of increase is men. Part of the phenomenal increase may of slightly less than double that of Sohagpur tahsil. course be attributed to immigration caused by the Reasons for the comparatively higher rate of increase construction of the Security Paper Mill at Hoshanga in Hosbangabad tahsil exist in the construction of _d, and the Tawa project, as also the expansion of projects like the Tawa project, the security paper the railway yard at ltarsi and the doubling of ltarsi mill, doubling of Itarsi Railway yard etc. attracting Jabalpur railway line. But that does not explain a immigrants labour. The high increase recovered by major portion of the high increase, w~ich has, in the Harda tahsil could not hcwever be related to any absence of more data, to be attributed to the arres plausibJe cau~es. The smaller rates of increase ting of the mortality, which was reported to be high attained by Seoni-Malwa and Sohagpur tahsils simi in the district. 1n order to reach firmer conclusions, larly baffied explanation except in the extent of the h~wever, cetailed enquiries were to be necessary, possibility of migration of labour from those tahsils which are beycnd the scope of this short note. to the Hosbangabad tahsil. As regards the climatic and agricultural history of the district, it appeacs Gr(lwth duriag 1951-61: that except for two years in the latter half of the inter censal decade when owing to drought or It is worthwhile to analyse and study the excessive and unevenly distributed rains crops were increase in population of the district during 1951-61 d[m~ge d in all the tahsils of the district, the decade :by the tahsiJs, separatel)' for total, rural and urban was generally all right for the growth of population. areas. The table ing~t below gives separately for 1t is not possible to say more than this regarding the xXx
differential rates of increase in pJp:llatiol1 of the specific causes for each. During the de~de 1961-71 tahsils. Further reas:ms m lY be 'assigned after local Hoshangabad has formed rapid increase in population investi.sation by the District 01ber~; in fact the growth. Compared to the growth rate of the district District Statistical Officer posted in the district can in earlier censuses the growth rate of 1961-71 is the profitably take up such an investigation.' • highest. The grow~h rate of the district during the docade 1961-71 was +30.34 and it has jumped over Growth rate ilurillg 1961-71 ami 1911 -81 the growth rate of the state as a whole i.e. + 28.61 . The above description speaks of increase or The table showing growth rate of population of 1961-71 and 1971-81 is given below: decrease in population from 1901 to 1961 with
Growth rate of poplllatioD during 1961-71 and 1971-81 1961-71 1971-81
r- _____..A.... ______~ r-___ l_,... ___..A.. ______~ District/Tabs il Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
2 3 4 S 6 7
Hosbangabad District +30.34 +26.32 +47.61 +24.58 + 19.26 +43.70 }farda Tahsi I +28.48 + 25.11 +47.11 +22.68 +20.56 +32.34 Seoni-Malwa Tahsil + 32.52 +32.55 +32.31 + 15 .27 + 13 .67 + 31.45 Hoshangabad Tahsil + 35.94 +29.13 + 54.30 +29.30 + 16. 88 + 57.32 Sohagpur Tahsil + 24.73 +21. 75 +38.66 + 24 .90 +22.34 + 31.43
It is evident that every tahsil of the district rate. Among other tahsils, Seoni-Ma'lwa tahsil has tends to increase the pJp:.tlation growth during the shown considerable decrease in total, rural and decades 1951-61." and 1951-71. Toe decade under urban population as compared with 1961·71 growth discussion 1971-81 has, however, shown decreasing rate. In 1961-71 the growth rate of rural areas was trend in the growth rate of population. The growth 32.55 per cent which has reduced to 13.67 per cent rate of urban population in Hoshangabad tahsil is in 1971-S1.ISimilarlY the total & urban population of highest in the district i.e. 57.32. It is because of the the tahsiis has shown significant change. The growth fact that two towns i.e. Ranipura and Bhilakhedi in rate of total popUlation had been 32.52 per cent in H03hangabad tahsil have sprung, up in 1981 Census. 1961-71 which has been reduced tp more or less half Naturally, therefore, the growth rate of urban popu i.e. 15.87 per cent in 1971-81. So also the rural lation of the tahsil should go up in comparison to population has been reduced from 29.13 per cent in other tahsils of the district. It mly b.!· seen that the 1961-71 to 16.88 per cent in 1971-81. for Hoshanga.. rural growth rate for the d(!cade 1971-81 h lS been bad tahsil. The decadalgrowth rates for total, rur.il, pr~poctiouately reduced frum 2~.13 p~r cent. in and urban for Marda tahsil give the same picture of 1961-71 to 16.88 per c!nt in 1971-81 C~mus. Appa district in concluding the reduction of population rently, the rural. crowJ hlS rushed .to n,;,w towns during the decade. The total population tends. to for want of means of livelihoo:l. A'> discussed earlier "decr~se in all the tahsils in comparison to the there ha~ been no increase in number of towns of previous decade, and for the district as a whoie there Harda, Seoni-Malwa and Sohagpur tahsils during th~ has been a Det decrease of 5.76 per cent in com deCade 1971-81. Hence there is mar.sinal difference parison to the previous docade. Obviously the ru~ in the growth rate of these tahsils i.e. 32.34, 31.4~ .populatio!1 of Seoni-Malwa, Har~ and Hoshangabad
a~d 31.43' respeetively. . .~iJS ".have mi8rated \, to the llearby-' townsI' i.e., Bhila-" khedi alld. Rampura which ba:ve.b~~ ~haracterillCd.as :' It is noticed' that there has been m~rginaI town,s for. th~ .first.time. ip 1,98~Sellsu~. ~i8:m;lY.~. _increase' in 'the growth tate tif rural population of the major' ~use among others for the decrease or Sohagpur tahsil in comparison to 1961-71 gr.owth population of the tahsil'$' during the decade 1911-&1. XXXI
TABLE 3 populaticn betVYccn 20CO-4999. Tl ue 1\\0 r~r.ges of pcptllatic'\ll make the percentage (. f 2 25 to the Distributi(l~ of villages ty ~plilation raDges totd \illages. Adding the percentage of villages havirg fopul<.ticn rarge 500-1999, the percentage Range of Number of Percentage of of villages ccmes 10 26.75. Ttu~, a majority of Villages in villages by population villages i.e. 63.25 per cent lie in the population ranges each range each range of less th~ n 200 fTid 200-499. In other words a large umboI' of villages in tl:e district havt: pepu 1 2 3 lation 'below 500. Below 200 353 24.81 200-499 547 38.44 Barda tahsil bas mere or less the same position 500-1,999 491 34.50 as it reflects for the district as a whole, except tbat 2,000-4,999 30 ,2.11 this tahsil has no village in the population range 5,000-9,999 2 0.14 5000-9999. Seoni-Malwa and' Sohagpur tahsils have 10,000+ tbe highest number of villages in the second range of population i.e. 200-499,< wheres Hoshangabad Total 1,423 100.00 tahsil has the highest number of villages in the third Majorty of villages i. e. 38.44 are in the popu range i.e. 5CO-1999. Ore village in the popUlation lation range of 200-499 for the district as a whole. range 5000-9959 lies each in Bosbangabad and In the next bigl1er rat:ge cf population i.e. 500-1999, Sotagpur tahsils. The~e villages are Special Area T emerge 34.50 per cent of total villages and in tbe Ordnar.ce Fu'cry, (LC. 1\ c. 243) in Hosr,argatud tabsil ad FaH,cdi, (l.C. No, 233) in Sohagpur next lower nmge of population j. e.' below 200 accounts for 24.81 per cent of the total villages in tahsil. Infra&tn;cture f~ci1ities secm to be increa the district. The remaining ranges of population sirg in {bue 1'-'0 ,i11sEtS ad FS~ibly tl~ese vill,gt.s play very insignificant role in the distribution of may be c1arsified as new towns in 1991 Census. villages i.e. 2.11 per cent in the population range 2000-4999. and 0.14 per cent population range 5000- As regards ranking of tahsils with regard to the 9999. There are thus, 2 villages having range of villa ges fallir gin diffutnt rarges of pcpulatio., the population between 5000-9999 and 30 villages having tahsilwise brt:ake-up is given below :
Range of Harda Tahsil Seoni-Malwa Tahsil Hoshangabad' Tahsil Sohagpur Tahsil r-____..A... ___ -, r-___...A. ___-. Population r------'------. r---_...A.~-_, ____ No. of Percentage No. of Percenta!e No. of Percentage No. of Percentage villages of villages villages of villages villages of villaaes villages of villages in each in each in each in each in each in each in each in each ran&e range range ranae range range range ranSc
2 3 4 5 6 () 8 9
Below 200 148 3Q.21 38 19.89 41 15.06 120 27.91 20(} 499 167 34.08 7g 41.36 12:2 39,10 179 '·U.6l 50(]-1.999 167 34.08 72 37.70 129 41.35 123 28 .6G ' 2{)OO-4.999 1.63 1.05 13 ~ '.}" ~ ~ 4.17 7 1.63
~909-9.99~ 1 0.3~ 1 0.23 1/l.OOQ+ I, ..
, . XXXII
Tile above table emerges that Hlrd<1 tih,il ha'l fourth position. In the population range 2000-4999 ' first rank in relation to the number of villages in the first number goes t<) Hoshangabld tahsil with population range below 200. The second rank goes 13 villages. The second position has been occupied to Sohagpur tahsil. The third ~nd fourth ranks goes by Harda and Sohagpur tahsils as both to Seoni-Malwa and Hoshangabad tahsils, respecti the tahsils hwe equal p~rcentage of villages vely. In other words Hoshangabad tahsil has the in this population range. The last range of popu lowest population of villages in p)palation range lation to be discussed is 5000·9~99 which indica.tes 200. It is interesting that in the second range of one village each in Hoshangabad and Sohagpur tahsiL popUlation i.e.200-499, Sohagpur is occupying highest These villages are Special Area of Ordnance Factory. position followed by Seoni-Malwa, Hoshangabad L.C. No. 343 in Hoshangabad tahsil and Bankhedi• and Harda ta1.sils. Tile p:lpalation range 500- L.C. No. 233 in Sohagpur tahsil. Bankhedi has been 1999 shows different picture than what is referred declared as tahsil after the 1981 C~nsus Operations & to above. In this range' Hoshangabad tahsil occupies there is every posibillity that both these villages may first position leaving behind Seoni--Malwa, Harda & be classified as towns in 1991 C~nsus Operations. Sohagpur tahsils respectively on second, third and
TABLE 4
Distribution of vi Ilages by Density
Ranle of d.nsity Total number of Percentaie of (pee sq. km.) villages in ~ach villages in ran,. each density range
2 3
Less then - 10 54 3.79 ,t 11- 20 n 4.15 21- 50 170 11.95 51-100 490 34.43 101-200 53. 37.81 201-300 5.62 301-500 23• 1.62 501 + ., 0.63
Total 1.423 100.00
The above table reveals the district position of Among 1,423 inhabited villages in the district villages falling 'under different density ranges. It is 19.89 per cent villages are under the density ranges evident that as the density range increases the percen from below 10 to 21-50. The density ranges both. tage of villages steadily increases. But it maintains 51-100 and 101~200 occupy 72.24 per cent of total the position of increase up to the density range villages in the district. A major portion of villages 101-200 and thereater it tends to decrease. lie in the density ranges referred to above. More thickly populated villages than the range of density mentioned above are 7.24 per cent to tbe total The density per sq. km. for the State as a whole villages in the district. Tbis percentage covers two comes to 118 whereas for Hoshangabad district it is density ranges i.e. 201-300 and 301-50l. Tne den~i ty, 100 only. Both the determinations speak of Hosha range 500 and above occupies only 0.63 per cent n,abad district being sparsely populated. vil~es to total villages of the district. XXXIII
Tahsilwise distribution of villages by density is given in the under mentioned table :-
Range of Harda Tahsil Seoni-Malwa Tahsil Hosha ngabad Tahsil Sohagpur Tahsil r- ___..A. ____ --, r- ___..A. ____ --, density r-----~--- ... r-----"------. (per sq.km.) Total No. Percentage Total No. Percentage Total No. Percentage Total No. Percentage of villages of villages of villages of villages of villages of villa~es of villages of villages in each in each in each in each in each in each in each in each density density density density density density density density range rango range range range range range range
1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9
Less than--lO 25 5.10 5 2.62 5 1.60 19 4.42 11-20 23 4.69 6 3.14 9 2.89 21 4.88 21-50 69 14.08 19 9.95 32 10.26 50 11.63 51-100 187 38.16 85 44.50 83 26.60 135 31.40 101-200 156 31.84 68 35.61 138 44.23 176 40.93 201-300 23 4.70 6 3.14 28 8.97 23 5.35 301':500 5 1.02 0.52 12 3.85 5 1.16 501+ 2 0.41 1 0.52 5 1. 60 1 0.23
Total 490 100.00 191 100.00 312 100.00 430 100.00
There is uneven distribution of inhabited villages in the tion of viII ages of density range 101-200, 201-300. tahsils of the district. The highest number of villages 301-500 and 501 and above which gives the conclu is in Harda tahsil seconded by Sohagpur tahsil. The sion that proportionately. the villages of Hosbanga third number goes to Hoshangabad tahsil and fourth bad are more densly populated as compared to the and the last to Seoni-Malwa tahsil which has 191 remaining three tahsils. In absolute terms also inhabited villages. The percentage of vi11ages in each Hoshangabad has the highest number of villages density range has been calculated on the basis of of density range 201-300, 301-500 and 501 + among number of inhabited villages in the tahsil, for exam all the tahsils of the district. ple there are 5 villages in Seoni-Malwa tahsil in TABLE 5 density range of less than 10 and the percentage of Proportion of scbeduled castes population to totAl populatio. which comes to 2.62 whereas in Hoshangabad tahsil in the villages. this percentage is much low i.e. 1.60 although there Percentage range Number of villages Percentage of are also 5 villages in this tahsil. Seoni -Malwa and of scheduled caste in each range villaite s in Harda tahsils have highest proportion of villages of population to each range density range 51-100, whereas Hoshangabad and total Population Sohagpur have the highest proportion of viIIages of 1 density range 101~200. 2 3 The proportion of villages with density range Nil 246 17.29 upto 100 in the four tahsils are Harda (62.03 per 0-5 181 12.72 «nt), Seoni-Malwa(60.21 per cent) Hoshangabad(41. 6-10 200 14.05 35 per cent), Sohagpur (52.33 per cent) and the pro 11-15 228 16.02 portion of villages with density ra.nge above 100 are 16-20 178 12.51 Harda (37.97 per cent),Seoni-Malwa(39.79 per cent). 21-30 -03 14.27 Hoshangabad (58.65 per cent) and Sohagpur (47.67 31 and above 187 13.14 per cent). Hoshangabad tahsil has the highest propor- Total 1.423 100.00 XXXIV
Out of 1,423 inhabited villages in the district The percentage of'Scheduled Castes population there is no scheduled castes population in 246 villages to total population falling in the range 11-15 • which is 17.2J per c~nt to th~ t0~;l\ vill1g~s in the occupies 228 villages (16.02 per cent) in the district. district. To ascertain the existence of scheduled Its tahsilwise distribution represents Harda (59 caste population som ~ p~r.::entage ranges have been villages) (4.15%). Seoni-Malwa (42) villages) (2.95%) prescribed and against these percentage ranges the Hoshangabad (68 villages) (4.75%) and Sohagpur number of villages falling ia the pre';cribed percen Tahsil (59 villages) (4.15%). Obviously Hoshangabad tage range have been sorted O!lt and their percentage tahsil has occupied the highest position in this range_ to the total villages in the district hav.! been com The second position, however goes to Harda and puted. The table 5 w~lich S;10W3 the dynam;c change Sohagpur tahsils as each of these tahsils occupy 59 in the distribution ofS;:leduled C.Htes p)p;xlation in villages (4.15%). The thirj and the last position goes the villages the of district. Tile percentage of villages to Seoni-Malwa tahsil which o::cupis 2.95 percent of having Scheduled Castes p::>pulation increases as the villages in th e range. percentage range increases upto raug,;: 11. IS. Tile The tahs ilwise distribution of villages in the percentage range af Schedule1 C:lstes to the total range of 16.20 represents; Harda (3.09%) Seoni population in the range 0.5 rep~e3ents 12.72 p~r Malwa (1.83 %). Hoshangabad tahsil (2.60%) and cent of villages an:! it incre,Bes upt\) 16.02 in the Sohagpur tahsil (4.99%). Sohagpur tahsil has occu percentage range 11-15. Blt in the n~l{t p!r.:::mtage pied first p:)sition, leaving second. third and fourth range 16-20 the percentage of villl.gel h'l3 c)m~ position respectively to Harda, Hoshangabad and down to 12-51. The percentage of villages has Seoni-Malwa tahsils. again increased in the next range i.e. 21-3) b;xt decreased in the range 31 aud ab)ve. Tile highest The percentage range of Scheduled Castes to percentage of villages is in the p~rc;:rttag.! range of the total popUlation 21· 30 occupies 203 villages in 11-15 and lower percentage of villages is in range of the district and the percentage of these villages 16-20. comes to 14.27 for the district as a whole. The tahsil wise distribution reveals that Harda tahsil occu Out of 12.72 per cent villages in the first pies 5.41 per cent of villages. and it is ranking first percentage range 0-5 of S-;heduled Clstes to the in this range. The second position goes to Sohagpur total population in the district. 4. 71 p~r celt villages tahsil which has 4.57 per cent of viUages. The third are in Harda Tahsil, 1.76 p!r cent in S::oni-Milwa and fourth positions go to Hoshangabad (2.53 %) and tahsil, 2.81 per cent in Hoshangabad tahsil and 3.44 Seoni-Malwa (1.76%) respectively. per cent in Sohagpur tahsil. Tous 0;5 p~rcentage range of Scheduled castes p)lnhtion to total P)Pu The last range represents 31 and above. The Iation ranks Rarda, SCJhagpur. Hoshangaba i and total number of villages are 187 (13.14%). In this Seoni-Mllwa tahsil as first, sec)ud, third and fO!lrth range Harda has ranked first position (5.90%). The respectively. second position has been occupied by Sohagpur tahsil (4.01 %). Hoshangabad and Seoni-Malwa The next range 6-10 has 14.05 per cent of villages tahsils have occupied 1 .89 and 1.33 % respectively for the district as a whole. The tahsilwise picture putting them under third and fourth position. represents as Rania (3.58). Seoni-Mllwa (2.39) Hoshangabad (4.71) and Sohagpur_(3.37) per cent. In In brief Harda tahsil has ,the highest Scheduled this range Hoshangabad tahsil has superceded Harda Castes population in different ranges(34.43%). Sohag tahsil which had occupied first position in the first pur tahsil has the second po~ition (30.22 per cent) range of 0~5 and Harda tahsil has occupied second Hoshangabad has the third position (21.92 per cent) positio? in this range. The third and fourth positions and fourth and the last position goes to Seoni-Malwa have been occupied by Sohagpur and Seoni-Malwa (13.42 per cent) in coiripuisOD to the total popula Tahsils. ' -bGD :Of the district as a whole. xxxv
TABLE 6 Tle I=eTctl.ta[e HlrE( 0-5 n:pnHI It, ::3 ,]h:[es Proportion of Scheduled Tribes population to total population (16.38 per cent) to total villages in the district. The in the villages distribu.tion of Scheduled Tribes in this range among Percentage range Number of villages Percentage of the tahsds of the district comes to Hoshangabad tahsil of Scheduled in each range villages in each being highest having 74 of the district villages with Tribes population range 5.20 per cent to total villages in the district. The to total population s~cond po.sition goes to Sohagpur tahsil raving 70 VIllages WIth 4.92 per cent of villages to the total 3 2 v~l1ages in the district. The third and fourth pcsi Nil 191 13.42 bons go to western most tahsils Harda and Seoni 0-5 233 16.38 Malwa which respectively represents 53 villages with 6-15 284 19.96 3.72 per cent and 36 villages with 2.53 per cent of 16-25 154 10.82 villages to the total villages in the district. 26-35 , 84 5.90 The next percentage range 6-15 represents 284 vi11- 36-50 83 5.83 ~ges with 19.96 per cent of vi11ages to the total villages 51 and above 394 27.69 1D the district. The distribution of Scheduled Tribes tOO.gO Total 1,423 in this particular range among the tahsils is given The ranges of Scheduled Tribes as given in the below: above table to the total population in the district are somewhat difff:rent in comparison to the ranges Name of tahsil Number of Pereentage of prescribed for Scheduled Castes in earlier discussed with rank villages villages to total table () villages in the district There are 13.42 per cent villages in the district where inhabitation of Scheduled Tribes is Nil. In 1 2 3 the first two ranges i.e. 0-5 and 6-15 the percentage H;uda Tahsil 6.75 of villages have reco rded an upward trend. Here (1) 96 Sohagpur Tahsil (2) 89 6.25 after the trend starts decreasing till the range Hoshangabad Tahsil (3) 61 4.29 of 36~50. But surprisingly the highest range i.e. 51 + Seoni-Malwa TahsiI(4) 38 2.67 has the highest percentage of villages in the dist 284 19.96 rict. The percentage of Scheduled Tribes in different The next percentage range has been prescribed as ranges to the total popu lation in the district and its 16-25. This range covers 154 villages with 10.82 relation with the tahsil in each range bas been ana per cent of villages to the. total villages in the lysed below. In the district table No.6 referred to district. Out of 154 villages repr esenting in the .. above there are 191 villages (13.42 per cent) in the district in this particular range, larger number (61) , district representing Nil popUlation of Scheduled goes to rarda tahsil. The next below Harda tahsil Tribes. Let us examine which of the tahsils has the is Sohagpur tabsil·(50) villages. The third pos ition larger number of villages in this range. It is revealed goes to Hoshangabad tahsil which covers 26 villages that Sohagpur tahsil (65 villages) forms 4.57 per and the fourth position goes to Seoni-Malwa which cent to the total number of villages in the district covers 17 villages only. Similarly the district percen and occu pies the first position. The second, third tage of villages i e. 10.82% has been distributed and fourth positions go to Hoshangabad, Harda in the tahsils as under: L Harda Tahsil-4. 29% and Seoni-Malwa tahsils. respectively The number 2. Sohagpur tahsil 3.51 % 3. Hoshangabad tahsil of villages and their :rercentage to the total number 1.93% andA. Seoni-Malwa tahsil 1.19%. of villages in the district has been:- Vi11ages (52) (3.65%) Hoshangabad tahsil; Villages (49) (3.44%) The percent'lge range 26-35 represents 84 villa Harda tahsil and villages (25) (1.76%) Seoni-Malwa ges with percentage of 5.90 to total villages ip. the tahsil. district. Tie tahsiIwise distribution of these villages XXXVI
reveClls th'l.t the w~st~r11m)st tahsil Hud:t has the The last range represents 51 and above. The high highest proportion of villages in this range whereas est number of villages Lee 394 with 27.69 per cent the easternmost tahsil Sohagpur occupies second to total villages in the district, lies in this tange. The position both representing 34 and 26 villages respe tahsil wise distribution of number of villages in this ctively with the perc~ntage of villages as 2.39 and range with percentage of villages to total villages in 1 .83. Tahsil Seoni-Malwa has occupied third posi the district is as given below : tion and has gone a little ahead of Hoshangabad tahsil. The Seoni-Malwa tahsil has 13 villages with SI.No. Name of tahsil Number of Percentnge of percentage of 0.91 and Hoshangabad has 11 villages (with rank in villages villages to to tal with percentage of 0.77. bracket) villages in the district. The next range represents 36-50. This rangy 1 2 3 4 has occupied'the lowest number of villages in comp 1 Harda Tahsil (1) 167 arison to other ranges in the district. It has 3 villages 11.73 2 Sohagpur Tahsil (2) with percentage of 5.83. The ranking of tahsils in 111 7.80 3 Hoshangabad Tahsi 1(3) this range is more or less similar to that discussed 72 5.06 4 Seoni-Malwa Tahsil (4) above for the earlier range, as detailed below :- 44 3.09 Total .394 27.69
SI. Name of Number of Percentage of It is interesting to mention here that the Sched No. Tahsil villages villages to total uled tribe population is most dominant in the west villages of the ernmost Harda tahsil with 34.43 per cent and secon the district. dly in the easternmost tahsil Sohagpur with 30.22 per cent. The remaining two tahsils i. e. Hoshanga 1 2 3 4 bad and Seoni-Malwa significantly show lesser propo rtion of Scheduled tribes with 21.92 and 13,42 1 Harda Tab sil 30 2.11 per cent. 2 Sohagpur Tahsi1 19 1.34 The 1iable-7 gives proportion of Scheduled castes 3 Seoni-Malwa Tahsii 18 1.27 and Scheduled tribes population in the towns of the Hoshangabad Tahsil ]6 1.12 4 district. TABLE 7
Proportion of Scheduled Ca~fes!S::beduled Trib~s pop Illation ill toWDS
Name of the Total Total Percentage of Percentage of Town Total Scheduled Scheduled SchedUled Castes Scheduled Tribes population Castes Tribes population to total population to Population Population population total population 2 3 4 5 6 Babai 7,418 857 138 1.1.55 l.U Bhilakhedi 6,078 1,193 219 19.63 3.60 Harda 37,693 3,594 583 9.53 1.55 Hosbangabad 46,300 5,383 1,251 11. 63 2-.70 Itarsi 63,541 8,698 1,504 13.69 2.37 Khirkiya 7,523 1,193 286 15.86 3.80 Pachmarhi Cantt. 9,5-46 1,651 523 17.30 5.48 Pachmarhi SADA 540 217 175 14.09 11.36 Piparia 25,319 3,350 746 13.23 2.95 Ranipura 5,065 1,243 355 24.54 7.00 Seoni-Malwa 15,861 1,270 483 Ii.Ol 3.05 Sohagpur 15,642 1,753 243 11.21 1.55 TimlJDi 10,557 1,337 374 12.~6 3.54
All TOWill 152.,0'4 31,739 ',18O 12.59 1.73 XXXVII
The above table is self explained and needs no comparison to the total urban populaticn of the . elucidation. The total percentage of Scheduled district is in Itarsi town. Similarly the second 'Cl~tes p)p'llation is 12.59 and scheduled tribes is position has been occupied by Hoshangabad town. 2.73 in all the towns in the district. Ranipura town The third position so far as it relates to Scheduled 11l~ the highest prop:>rtion of scheduled castes with Castes goes to Harda town but the third position 24.54 per cent, Seoni-M.:dwa has the lowest propor relating to Scheduled Tribes goes to Piparia town tion of s ched uled castes with 8.01 per cent. In respect and Harda town is seeking fourth position in ran of scheduled tribes Pachmarhi SADA leads with king of Scheduled Tribes population is concerned. 11.36 per cent and Sohagpur occupies the lowest range with 1.55 per cent. The distribution of the The concentration of Scheduled Castes/Schedu district percentage of schedllied castes and scheduled led Tribes in different towns in relation to the total tribes among tahsils is given below for locating the urban population of the district has been categorised exact picture where the concentration of scheduled as under: castes/tribes is comparatively high or low. S). Name of Town Ranking in Sch. Ranking in Sch . TABLE 7(A) No. Castes popula- Tribes population Distribution of proportion of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled tion in relation in relation Tribes population in towns to the total urban population of to the total to the total urban population urban population the district. of the d,strict of the district Name of town Percentage of Percentage of Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes 2 3 4 population to population to 1 !tarsi 1(3.44) 1(0.60) total urban total urban 2 Hoshangabad 2(2.14) 2(0.50) population of population of 3 Harda 3(1.43) 4(0.23) the dis trict the district 4 Piparia 4(1.33) 3(0.29) 5 Sohagpur 2 3 5(0.70) 10(0.10) ---~~. ------6 Pachmarhi Cantt. 6(0.65) 5(0.21) Babai 0.34 0.05 7 Timarni 7(0.53) 7(0.15) Bhilakhedi 0.47 0.09 8 Seoni-Malwa 8(0.50) 6(0.18) Harda 1.43 0.23 9 Ranipura 9(0.49) 8(0.14) Hoshangabad 2.14 0.50 10 Bhilakhedi 10(0.47) 11(0.09) Itarsi 3.45 0.60 11 Khirklya 10(0.47) 9(0.11) Khirkiya 0.47 0.11 12 Babai 11(0.34) 13(0.05) SADA Pacbmarhi Cantt. 0.65 0.21 13 Pachmarhi 12(0.09) 12(0.07) Pachmarhi SADA 0.09 0.07 The proportion of Scheduled Castes and Sched ',piparia 1.33 0.29 uled Tribes in respect of each town in comparision Ranipura 0.49 0.14 to the total urban popUlation of the district has been Seoni-Malwa 0.50 0.19 shown within bracket against each town. ' Sohagpur 0.70 0.10 -Timarni 0.53 0,15 It is revealed from the above tab! e that in majo rity of towns there is variation in the proportion of Total 12.59 2.73 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. For exam ple Babai town is ranking third position in respect The above table is the break up of columns 5 of the proportion of Scheduled Castes to the total ,(; and of table No.7. It reveals that the highest population of the district but in the similar ranking proportion of Schedulei Castes Scheduled Tribes in for Schedaled Tribes the town ranked fourth position. XXXVIII
The proportion of Scheduled Castes is higher in Obviously the higher is the range of populatioITl every town in comparision to the Scheduled Tribes. the higher is the Literacy rate. It is general hypo-· TABLE 8 thesis that literacy increases with the increases in the Literacy rate by Population ranges of villages range of po pulation of the village or class of towns. Range of Popula tion No. of village Literacy rate in each range The hypoth esis has reen proved to te J:ositive in. view of the figures given in the above table. 1 2 3 Less than 200 353 12.98 The above picture is alEC Hen in 11 ( all th.tahils> 200-499 547 20.68 of the district. The tahsil wise figures of range of popu- . 500-1999 491 27.82 lation and literacy are given below ;- 2000-4999 30 37.15 5000-9999 2 38.63 11000+ Total 1,423 26.63
Range of Harda Tahsil Seoni-Malwa Tahsil Hoshangabad Tahsil Sohagpur Tahsil population r ___,...A... __~...... r----~---- ...... r----~---...... r-___ ,...A...~-- ...... No. of Literacy No. of Literacy No. of Literacy No. of Literacy vil1ages rate villages rate villages rate villages rate in each in each in each in each range range range range 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Less than 200 148 12.96 38 13.40 47 17.88 120 11.!H 200-499 167 17.85 79 21.09 122 26.09 179 19.23 500-1999 167 28.19 72 32.18 129 28.62 123 23.58 2000-4999 8 43.81 2 45.36 13 32.56 7 35.66 5000-999!) 1 34.76 1 44.65 10,000+ Total 490 26.3& 191 29.17 312 28.80 430 23.35 The above table gives rural literacy rate of all The literacy for all the towns of the district has been the tahsils in the district in different ranges of worked out as 61.37. A few towns i.e. literacy rate population. Bhilakhedi, Hoshangabad, Itarsi, Pachmarhi Cantt. TABLE 9 and Seoni-Malwa are having above the urban liter Literacy rates for Towns acy of the district, whereas the remaining towns are Name of town Literacy rate below the urban literacy of the district. The towns 2 which are below the urban literacy are Harda 1 Babai 52.72 Babai, Khirkiya, Pachmarhi SADA, Piparia, Rani 2 BbiIakhedi 66.88 pura, Sohagpur and Timarni. 3 Harda 60.79 4 Hoshargabad 62.35 Before comparing the literacy figures with earlier . 5 !tarsi 62.80 6 Khirkiya 55.18 Census with 1981 Census of the district with the divi 7 Pachmarhi Cantt. 71.89 sion and the State it would be interesting to mention 8 Pachmarhi SADA 59.48 the definition af literate adopted in different censuses 9 Piparia 60.95 10' Raniptlra 54.31 1961 Cehsus "Qu estion 6 deals with Literacy and 11 Seoni-Malwa 62.05 Education. "The test for reading" was" ability to 12 .Sohagpur , 56.78 read any simple letter either in print or in manus 1'3 Timl!,rni 58.87 cript" and "the test for writing;' was . 'ability to . All Town, 61.37 write a simple letter". (P. lO-Part II-A General XXXIX
'Population Tables 1961). In 1971 Census-Question of the age-group 0··4 should be excludei while '12 of the Individual slip-D.!finition of a Literate: computing literacy to arrive at an accurate
A person who Cl:1 b:>th re:ld & wtite with uaderstan literacy rate. Literacy rates would be more -Bhopal Division and Madhya the difinition of literates adopted in 1971 Pradesh State, in the context of the definition of and 1981 Censuses. Actually the population Literate referred to above.
Literacy Rates during 1961 to 1981
Census Persons! Hoshangabad District Bhopal Division Madhya Pradesh State , ____..A.. ____ , , ____..A.. _____ , year Males { ,-----"------, Females Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1961 P 22.90 17.22 46.69 16.59 11.76 41.71 17.13 12.73 43.52
M 34.84 25.36 60.84 25.64 19.98 53.53 27.03 21.81 56.51
F 10.11 5.87 30.43 6.75 2.96 27.60 6.73 3.36 28.35,
1971 P 29.56 22.52 54.87 22.69 16.46 50.14 22.14 16.81 49.55 M 41.81 34.73 66.37 32.82 26.41 60.03 32.70 27.05 60.46 F 16.15 9.37 41.51 11.56 5.61 38.54 10.92 6.10 36.98
1981 P 35.35 36.63 61.37 28.08 19.31 53.68 27.87 21,22 54.02 M 47.58 39.20 71.87 38.48 30.05 62.32 39.49 32.91 64.41
F 21. 88 12.97 49.29 16.72 7.74 43.76 15.53 8.99 42.26
It is seen from the above table that Hoshangabad have shown an increase of 6.10 per cent and 5.01 district has achieved literacy over and above the per cent respectively during the decade 1961-71. literacy of Bhopal Division and State as a whole. The above table reveals that the literacy rate of The literacy rate of Hoshangabad district has Hoshangabad district i& hig her than the Bhopal Divi grown faster than the literacy of Bhopal Division and sion and Madhya Pradesh State in respect of "Per the State. The literacy rate of Hoshangabad district sons". "Males" and ·'Females". The district also was 22.90 in 1961. The district has shown an increase supercedes in literacy in comparison to Bhopal Divi - of 6.66 per cent in literacy during the decade 1961-71. sion and Madhya Predesh State with effect to i.e. whereas Bhopal division and Madhya Pradesh State "Total", "Rural" and Urban" areas. xxx x
TABLE'
Literates, Workers, NOD-Workers, Scheduled ..------_"'------Percen' r------"-- SC ST Totall Total Population Population Population Literates to totaJ Population Name of the Rural! r- ____..A.. _____.-, to Total to Total r------"------...... District/Tahsil Urban Persons Males Females population Population P M F ------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Hosbangallad District T 1,003,939 526,273 477,666 15.58 15.99 35.35 47.58 21.88 R 751,855 391,377 360,478 16.58 20.43 26.63 30.20 12,9" U 252,084 134,896 - 117,188 12.59 2.73 61.37 71.87 49.29
1. Barda Tahsil T 294,835 152,779 142,056 16.73 21.37 32.68 45.20 19.22 R 239,062 123,062 116,000 18.08 25.84 26.38 39.17 12.81' U 55,773 29,717 26,056 10.98 2.23 59.67 70.13 47.74
2. Seoni-Malwa Tabsil T 113,270 58,947 54,323 14.10 17.52 33.77 47.28 19.11 R 97,408 50.579 46,829 15.10 19.88 24.17 42.92 14.31 U 15.862 8,368 7,494 8.00 3.05 62.05 73.63 49.12
3, Boshangabad Tabsil T 343,514 181,529 161,985 '14.11 1:Z .19 41.18 53.03 27.89 R 215,112 113,015 102,097 14.46 17.85 2~.80 41.54 14.69 U 128.402 68.514 59,888 13.53 2,70 61.91 71.97 50,41 4. Sobagpur Tahsil T 252,320 133,018 119,302 16.90 14.18 31.25 43.01 18.13 R 200,273 104,721 95,552 17,81 17.06 23.37 34.93 10.66 U 52,047 28,297 23,750 13.39 3.24 61.66 72.94 48.22 XXX XI
10 Castes and Scheduled Tribes Population ------.,.._ ------_..:.-.------.tage. Main workers to total Marginal workers to Total workers to Non-workers to Population total population total population total population r------"---~--_. r-----..A-_-- _ _. r----~--__;--. r----.--"-----.., p M F P M F P M F P M F ---_... ------11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 --.------~------34.25 51.73 15.00 2.74 0.64 5.05 36.99 52.37 20.05 63.01 47.63 79.9S 36.72 53.84 18.13 3.53 0.77 6.54 40.26 54.61 24.67 59.74 4,5.39 75.33 26.88 45.29 5.34 0.37 0.28 0.48 27.26 45.87 5.S3 72.74 54.13 94.17 36.94 52.81 19.87 5.14 1.00 9.59 42.0S 53.80 29.40 57.92 46. IS 70.53 39.38 54.97 22.85 6.20 0.00 11.56 45.57 56.10 39.40 54.42 43.89 65.59 26.47 43.87 6.62 0.62 0.42 0.84 27.08 45.21 7.45 72.92 55.71 92.54
36.77 53.11 19.40 2.57 0.47 4,87 39.16 53.55 23.91 60.66 46.45 76.09 38.40 54.55 21.15 2.38 0.45 5.49 41.36 55.00 26.63 5S.63 45.00 73.36 26.21 44.41 5.88 0.69 0.41 1.00 26.89 44.81 ' 6 88 73.11 55.00 93.11 32.04 50.23 11.65 1.62 0.51 2.115 33.65 50.74 14.50 66.35 49.26 85.49 35.40 53.01 ] 5 .89 2.41 0.66 4.34 37.80 53.67 20.23 62.20 46.32 79.71 26,42 45.64 4.42 0.29 0.26 0.32 26.70 45.90 4.73 73.30 54.10 95.26
:32.99 51.92 11.89 •. 54 0.49 2,70 34.53 52.42 14.59 65.47 47.58 85.40 34.11 53.08 13.33 1.88 0.60 3.29 35.99 53.67 16.60 64.00 46.32 $3.38 28.69 47.64 6.10 0.23 0.13 0.35 28.91 47.77 6.45 71.09 52:23 93.SS XXXXII
The above table deals with the percentages of lite mly for all work. In the 1981 and 1971 Cens~s, rates, workers, non-workers, scheduled castes and classification as workers or non-workers was made scheduled tribes to the total population of the district through different criterion. In 1961 a person quali The literacy of the district has already been discussed fied as a worker if he had worked at least for a day above. The proportion of Scheduled Castes and in regular (non-seasonal), work during preceding Seh e duled Tribes is more or less equal in the district. fortnight. At the 1971 Census a person was treated T he proportion of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled as a worker only if he spent his time mainly in work Tribes in rural areas is hig!:oer than in urban areas or if he worked atleast for a day in regular (non There is wide variation in respect of Scheduled Tribes. seasonal) work during the preceding ·week. "The There are 20.43 per cent Scheduled Tribes in rural dichotomy of worker/non-worker of 1961 and 1971 areas when compared to a mere 2.73 per cent in Censuses is discarded in 1981 Census and instead urban arcas of the district. trichotomy as main workers, marginal workers, and non-workers is adopted. For main worl:er Before discussing the workers and non-workers of the time criteria of engagement in work for the district it would be interesting to reproduce here the major part of the year i. e. at least 183 the concept and definition of workers and non-wor days is adopted while those who' worked for some kers. time during the last year but not for the major part are treated as marginal workers. Those who have Worker and non-worker- never worked during the last year are non-workers. This trichotomy partially permits a comparability ot T4e "Work" concept of both 1961 and 1971 Cen 1981 Census economic data with that of 1971 as well 'suses as approached to the 'income' or 'economic as 1961. The main workers of 1981 Census can be 'ind~pendence concept of earlier censuses was adop expected to correspond to the workers of 1971 and ted for 1981 Census. But, the criterion for chssifi main workers and m].rginal workers of 1981 together catioll of person as worker was changed. Wliile in correspond to the workers of 1961." the 1961 and 1971. Censuses different approaches. namely, u~ual status and current status, were, adopted The growth history of workers from 1961 onwards with reference period of one year and one week for on the above in dication has been worked out separa 'seasonal and for regular work respectively, at the 1981 tely for Hoshangabad district, Bhopal division and census the usual status approach is adopted unifor- Madhya Pradesh State and the table is given below:
Total workers to total populatioD
Census Persons! Hoshangabad District Bhopal Di vision Madhya Pradesh State r- ____A _____ -. year Males/ r-----"------""""' r------"---___-. Fearoles Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1961 P 46.29 49.7~ 31.63 50.42 53.40 34.96 52.29 55.19 30.94. M $7.54 59.54 49.53 50.33 5J.72 53.45 60.21 61.58 48.80 " F 34.23 39.52 11.08 39.63 44.50 12.85 43.99 48.60 14.50 ' 1981 P 36.99 40.26 21.26 35.36 37.76 28.35 38.41 40.87 28,74 ; M 52.31 54.61 45.87 52.94 55.07 46.92 53.92 55.20 46 80 F 20.05 24.67 5.83 16.10 19.11 7:03 22.34 25.78 8.31 XXXXIII
The comparison of the percentage of workers to that of BhoP1I Division and Mldbya Pradesh State• . total population from 1961 to 1981 reveals decreasing it is revealed that the district is much behind in this (rend in every type of workers i.e. Persons, Mlles aspect. Tne worken of 1971 Census are compared and Females. The decreasing trend also continues with the mlin workeri of 1931 in the table given in all areas i.e. Total, Rural 'and Urban. In compa below: rison. of the workers of Hoshangabad district with
Census Persons Hoshangabad District Bhopal Division ~adhya Pradesh State r-____...A... _____ , r-_____...A... ____-. year Males r------"------. Females Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1971 P 34.59 35.76 26.76 35,58 37.41 27.54 36.72 38.40 28.09 M 52.07 54.17 44.77 55.59 55.37 46.01 53.73 55.28 46.17 F 15.44 18.00 5.95 15.78 17.94 5.88 18.65 20.75 7.26
1981 ~ain P 36.99 40.26 27,26 35.36 37.76 28.35 42.93 40.87 28.74 workers ~ 52.37 54.61 45.87 52.94 55.07 46.92 54.48 55.29 46.80
only F 20.05 24.6.7 5.83 16.10 19.11 7.03 30.65 25.78 8.31
The percentage of workers in 1981 as compared with 1971 worker& has increased in case of Total and District/ Percentage distribution of Urban but in the case of Female main workers in Tahsil Non-workers
urban area, the percentage has a little declined. In r-____...A... _____ ~ . (;omparison of district figures of workers with Bhopal Total Division and Madhya Pradesh in 1971 Census to 1981 Rural Urban Census it is found that the tdistrict is much behind. 1 2 3 4 But in 1981 the district has improved with respect Hoshangabad District 63.01 59.74 to Bhopal division although it has to cover a much 72.74 ··distance as compared to the State. Harda Tahsil 57.92 54,42 72.92 Seoni-Malwa Tahsil 60.66 58.63 73.11 NOB Workers Hoshangabad Tahsil 66.35 62.20 73.30 The percentage distribution of Non-workers in Sohagpur Tahsil 65.47 64.00 71.09 ,Hoshangabad district is given below: XXXXIV
The non-workers do not indicate the number of tage in each tahsil. But in case of Hoshangabad and :all unemployed persons seeking jobs but in addition Sohagpur tahsil thee is not much variation. They this category includes Housewives, students, beggars, rank first and secon d among the tahsils of the district vagarants, retired persons, rent receivers, dependents, in this regred. Surprisingly Sohagpur has ranked etc. Persons classified in this category has the main first position keeping behind Hoshangabad tahsil on activity in each case as uneconomic or unproductive second position in rural areas. In Urban areas < like housewives engaged in unpaid household duties. Hoshangabad tahsil is ranking first position, while Seoni-Malwa is the second. The percentage distribution of non-workers as
showl! in the above table, reveals diversified percen- MADHYA PRADESH TAHSIL HARDA DISTRICT HOSHANGABAD v 2 I 0 o ~ 22' "0 22' 30' 30'
, i<\ a o
~
20' 20'
10'
) REFERENCE
BOU~DARY DISTRICT ? TAHSIL VILLAGE WITH LOCATION COli( NUMBER. HEADOUARTERS TAHSIL VILLAGES WITH POPULATION SIZE:BElOW 200,
uJ 200·49Qj SOO~9991Iooo"4m 01" UNINHABITED VILLAGES URBAN AREA WITH LOCATION CODE III "_"_- STm HIGHWAY ..__ METALLED ROAD UNMETALLED ROAD RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION: BROAD GlUGE RIVER I STREAM 22' FOREST AREA. lO/PIO 00' POST OFFICE / POST AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE I HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL PO POLICE SmlON RI al, ~ , + HOSPITAL ,PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE, DISPENSA. • 4 s T MATERNITY AND CIlILD WELFARE CENTRE. &,6 N M MARKET I HAT, MANDIES A NOll 'Vll~GE IOWION \'u~m. SH,I,1 [oor J II! W ~Ol InCH I~ THIS
1 fnml IWS ~~O\l~ HE NOI (d,S,Ifi[D
76'50'
QOVT. CENTRAL PReSS, lIHoPAL , !2 ~o' MADHYA PRADESH TAHSIL SEONI·MALWA DISTRICT HOSHANGABAO
POSITION OF TAHSIL SEONI'~ALWA IN DISTRICT HOSHANGAMD '" ,_,/""\ ,,/ ...... ( \ /, ( ,IOHIGPlit \ ,./~'/"~I~I';HINII8~D/ (1 I 1'(% I ) i,., i)Einll~ i ,.... j' I HIRDI 'l'1II1"1b"'t ),.,__..,r ',- ) I W ' i < i I, i,.,\,,",\ r.i 'v"
REFERENCE
aOUNDARY, DISTRICT", , " , " , ",,"" ",." .. _._._ " TAHSIL, , " VILLAGE WITH LOCATION CODE ~UMBER '" Ci4_'_::J HEADQUARTERS: TAHSil .. " ",," '" '" ",,,. '" ©
VILLAGES WITK POPULATION SIZE: mow 200;
200'499; 100-999;1000'4999" 0 , ••
» UNINHABITED VILLAGES"""".""""" X o URBAN AREA WITH LOCATION CODE.." ,," '" ''''~ STATE HIGHWAY, "",, __IH_IS_ , 20 20 METALLEO ROAO" , .... ,---
UNMETALLEO ROAD .. " ...... "".:==;: === .s RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION: BROAD GAUGE", """~
RIVER AND STREAM . , , , ., , ., , ., . , , . , ., , , , ,." ,,=---1-
FOREST AREA"", ,~ roST OFFICE IPOST ANO TELEGRAPH OFFICE 101m HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL
POLICE STATION, "" P5
HOSPITAL / DISPENSARY", $,+
MARKET /HAL &
~OT! ·1, VllliGE 11TH lO(IIION (001 N~HeER 111 IS IN(L~DID IH SEOHI HAliA lOiN, I FORISIIRW SHm 1RI~01 CLASSIFIEO 22' 10'
®IlOYIINMINIIlfINOIA COPYR~HT,I"4 MADHYA PRADESH TAHSIL HOSHANGABAD
DISTRICT HOSHANGABAD 12' 2f 10 so' 4 6111LES 2.. • r"1 KlLOWU11U
~O'
o I ( REFERENCE BOUNDARY, DISTRICT TAHSIL v VILLASE WITH LOCATION COOE NUMBER Li~=} HEADQUAATERS: DISTRICT , TA~SIL 10' VILLAGES WITH POPULATION SIZf.BELOW 200 i o 201l-499j 500-999;1000-4999 ;5000 &ABOVE o • • I' UNINHABITED VillAGES I URBAN AREA WrrH LOCATION CODE. .. ~ STATE HIGHWAY --'"-"- METALLED ROAD. UNMETALLED ROAD. RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION: BROAD GAUGE ~" 1 ruVER 'STREAM .~ ( FOREST AREA .•. ~ POSITION OF TAHSIL HOSHANGABAD IN 10ST OFFICE /POST ANO'TELEGRAPH OFFiCE .... ~/Pl0 DISTRICT HOSHANGABAD ~ HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL.. 1 POLICE STATION...... PO HOSPITAL, PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE ,DISPENSARY .•. (Jl ,i ,+ MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE CENTRE.. ! MARKET I HAT, MANDIES {i,,{', 2i' rf 20' 20'
HOTtl VillAGE WITH LO(ATiGN (00£ NUMBER 1\4 I~ TREATED .IS DRBAN OmllaOliTH ~f
mRSI 'O\l~. () 1 VilLAGE (OUlION (ODE KU~e(RS ~,:II,llI, m Nor SHOWN IW THIS m s l mm ARm SHOIIN ARE HOI CUSSlfl£D .,. R c
@) IOV!RNN!ItIT O'INIlI. COP\1I1HT , IIU QOVT. ~EIITR4L PRESS, BlIOPAL 'OIIT~N OF TAM~~ IOIIAIPUR IN mlllleT HOIMANGAIAII MADIffA PRADESH TAHSIL. SOHAGPUR' DISTRICT IjOSHANGABAD ~ iprJ, ~'"'':mll If
I (' I-
1-
Il'
50'
~: 1 .-0 c: :0
40'
REFERENCE
BOUNDIRY, DISTRII!. .
::::1 WI;; ;~;;TI;; c;;;';;;I~~ ,[~~::J MEIDOUIRTERS:~IMSIL"" ...... IQ) VIILIG[$ WITH PO ULITIOH IIZE: mow zoo 1 ' loo-4991 10D-! ) IOOO-4999110001 110V! .. ' • "t. UNINHIlITEoVILLGES ...... , ...... , ...... I UIliNAREIWITLOCITIONCOOE .... , ... ~ STITE H~HWIY I . ,... --l!Jl- 5" METALLED RoRO 1 UNM!TILLED RO 0, , AlILWIY LIN! WI H STITION: IROlo GIUGE .... --!l... RIVER ISTRElMI ...... , ...... ~ :~:C~;;j~N~';EL;~;;;;'o;;;;~" ~
:H!: :~~~~t,C~L ., '" .. '5 =;'7,f"·~~: .... ~~~'
I IIOTI:~mm £1m It~ m~G' cussmu I, VMAII ~Otl'IIN '" ~IIMIIRI 111,141 m ~I! IHWi If IKI NU. i I MADHYA PRADESH TAHSIL HARDA DISTRICT HOSHANGABAD
22' 30'
20'
POSITION OF TAHSIL HARDA IN DISTRICT HOSHANGABAO
10'
REFERENCE
SOVNDARY DISTRICT TAHSil
(-~------l VILLAGE WITH lOCATION CODE NUMBER. Il ______120 •I HEADQUARTERS TAHSil
VilLAGES WITH POPULATION ~ZE: BELOW 200, 200'499, SOO'9'!Y, 1000'4999 " I' UNINHABITED VilLAGES URBAN AREA WITH LOCATION CODE STATE HIGHWAY ..--'"-"~. METAllED ROAD UNMETALLED ROAD RAILWAY LINE WITH 5TATIDN: IROAO GAUGE RIVER I STREAM 22' fOREST AREA...... ,olm 00' POST OFFICE I POST AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE I HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL. ,0 POLICE STATION ...... Y·.91, ~ , + HOSPITAL ,PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE I DISPENSAR . , MITERNITY AND CIULD WELFARE CENTRE. £,6 MARKET I HAT, MANDIES
10' 20'
<;OI/T. CENTW- P~ESS, ~OPAL , 7641 7700. . , I 7800
00' MADHYA PRADESH / 0 IS r 2t . ~ I 00' DISTRICT HOSHANGA8AD C' o ).
~
45'
s D
o D I 10 ~ , 30' I l: U U)
o REFERENCE c 3 IS' tJ ~~ \) IJ i; E T IOUIIWY, DISTRICT... '. o I' TAHlil .. t"". I HEADOUARTlil DlIl'RCT, TAHSIL @ @ STATE Ht'lIWAf. . __IH_"_ a: ~TALLEO RIllO. UN METALLED RIlAD .....
RA~WAY LiNt WITH STATION: BROAD GAUGE ...... ~• (\ Rim AND STREAM,. ,.\ fOREST AREA VILLAGE HAVING 1000 AND ABOVE 22' i!~1 o POPULATION WITH NAME • 22' 00' URBAN AREA WITH POPULATION SIZE: CLASS 111 III, IV 1 V. ., ..•••. POIT AND TElEGRAPH OFFICE. . ITO DEGREE GOLLEGE, TECHNICAL INSTITUTroN ... , .. · 1l'I, til NI MAR REST HOUSE. 1M / N~TI F~Rm m~s SHOWN m ~OT [lASSlftU
II' ~SI SO' 7641' 11 00' IS' 10'
QOVT, CENTRAl PRESS, IliOP4L !!pi irA ifiT iITll f'-fT'filr !fi"TI' 'f~ "Iilf 1lJ'll' 'fir;r~ Prr-ftlf !fiTW ~ r----j.______a'm "''iIfI r-_--A-_ ..... : 971 1981 1971 1981
2 3 4 2 3 4
32/1 ~'{qr "l~T\"(
~ 404 1 aT'~ ,"r;;r~ ~. 56 56 38 ~fT :>78 3iS 78 78 39 ;:pn:m 6 3{(!<:~ 496 496 7 amrft:nn 295 295 40 '3'''Pf.'<.'eit 494 494 8 ~ 461 461
9 aT'ftT~ 226 226 10 ~~r 128 128 41 oi'I'i'ifUU 533 538 11 ~flTtcr 479 479 42 3i"?[ 201 201 95 95 12 3fiiIlT tcr Of>...rt 43 :a
