Improving Water Quality in the Papanui Catchment DRAFT: NOVEMBER 2015
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A STRATEGY FOR Improving Water Quality in the Papanui Catchment DRAFT: NOVEMBER 2015 A COMMUNITY INITIATED INTEGRATED CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGY. VISION STATEMENT The Papanui Catchment is a highly productive and economically sustainable landscape, celebrated for its rich heritage and its contribution to improving water quality and ecological health, locally and in the Tukituki River. Contents 3 1 Introduction P4 2. What is the Papanui Catchment Strategy? P25 3 The Papanui Catchment: land and water resources P8 4. The story of the Papanui P10 5. Catchment issues and needs P16 6. Key strategy outcomes P24 SHARE YOUR VIEW This is a draft strategy and we look forward to the views and contributions of landowners and residents in this important catchment. See the timeline on page 7 for when input from landowners and the wider Papanui catchment community can be provided. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Hawke’s Bay Regional Council and the Papanui Catchment Focus Group are grateful for the input of many people, especially Dr Roger Maaka, Dr Andy Hicks, Dr Adam Uytendaal, Hugh McBain and Dr James Graham. Historical information has been used from the book ‘Opening the Gate - The Story of the Te Aute District Book’, Baker et al., 2006. 1. Introduction 4 The 16,400 ha Papanui Catchment is one of 16 sub-catchments that flow into the Tukituki River. The catchment and surrounding area has a rich cultural history. Blessed with an abundance of natural resources, the catchment strategy, related issues such as biodiversity enhancement, was regarded by Māori as a ‘bread basket’ prior to European protecting landscape values, and preserving the cultural and settlement. Since then, the Papanui Stream and its tributaries historical significance of the catchment are also important to have been extensively modified for agriculture. There are landowners and the wider community. This strategy outlines approximately 130 farms in the catchment producing sheep a community led approach: firstly, to consolidate catchment and beef, dairy and a range of crops. outcomes; and secondly, to outline a course of actions for The Papanui has been identified as one of six ‘priority achieving these. sub-catchments’ for addressing water quality issues in the wider The strategy acknowledges the values and aspirations of the Tukituki Catchment. Despite being a relatively intensively farmed wider community. However, it is first and foremost an action catchment, levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the Papanui plan, oriented toward those whose actions will have the Stream are not considered excessive. However, high concentra- greatest impact in achieving outcomes. There is an expectation tions of dissolved phosphorus and excessive macrophyte growth that landowners will make the greatest contribution toward in the catchment’s waterways are of serious concern. addressing water quality issues. It is therefore appropriate that The Regional Resource Management Plan Change 6 landowners have an input into how this will be achieved. outlines regulatory and non-regulatory policies for addressing water quality issues in the wider Tukituki Catchment. It is acknowledged that within the Papanui and other priority catchments additional effort will be required if water quality targets are to be met. The results of a landowner survey carried out in the Papanui and other priority sub catchments in 2013 showed a high regard for the importance of freshwater resources and an understanding of the issues that lead to declining water quality. A willingness to voluntarily adopt good industry practices was also expressed, it recognises the commitment of the community in taking ownership and playing a role in looking after the catchment. While improving water quality is the primary focus of this PHOTO: Phil Smith 2. What is the Papanui Catchment Strategy ? 5 New rules and requirements under the Regional Resource Management Plan Change 6 will affect all landowners farming in the Tukituki Catchment. New rules and requirements under the Tukituki Catchment Specific issues relating to the Papanui Catchment Plan Change 6 will affect all landowners farming in the Tukituki have been identified as: Catchment. These include rules around the exclusion of stock • A disproportionately large phosphorus contribution from from waterways and requirements for farm environment plans the Papanui Stream exacerbating water quality issues in and nutrient budgets. the main stem of the Tukituki River. The Tukituki Catchment is made up of 16 different sub- • Excessive seasonal instream plant growth in catchment catchments and these vary widely in terms of size, geology, waterways, leading to a range of problems including poor climate and land use. Water quality issues and combinations water quality and ecological health. of issues differ significantly between sub-catchments, requiring actions that are tailored and appropriate to the condition of the • Generally low levels of indigenous and beneficial sub-catchment you are in. biodiversity due to degraded and fragmented habitat. • Decline in the ‘mauri’ of waterways over time. Mauri refers to ’life-force’ and encompasses the cultural, ecological and spiritual health of waterways. • The potential expansion of the Ruataniwha Water Storage Scheme (RWS) into the catchment, including the development of infrastructure to convey irrigation water and the potential effects of land use intensification. • The need to maintain a watching brief to ensure that concen- trations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) remain below PHOTO TO COME FROM COMMUNITY environmental thresholds. • Other exceedences in water quality parameters, e.g. E. coli, sediment. Managing these issues can be more suited to an integrated and adaptive approach that enables local solutions to be found and tailored to local needs. The purpose of this strategy is to coordinate a targeted, solution focused programme developed by and for the catchment community. 2.1 Aims and objectives 6 This strategy incorporates the water quality objectives of the Tukituki Plan Change 6 with wider catchment values identified by affected landowners, iwi and the wider community. This strategy uses information from research and established science, combined with local knowl- edge, to identify where to best target the invest- ment of effort and resource to achieve catchment outcomes. Key aims of the strategy are to: • Provide a vision for the future based on agreed outcomes and to outline a set of actions for achieving this vision. • Encourage land management practices that im- prove water quality, ecosystem health and mauri in the Papanui Stream and downstream in the Tukituki River. • Guide farm and landscape scale action pro- grammes for achieving catchment outcomes. • Keep the community informed of water quality issues and the effectiveness of programmes to address them. • Facilitate local ownership, stewardship and leader- ship of issues and solutions. • Provide a vehicle to engage and leverage support from external agencies. This strategy is intended to be a living document to be reviewed and updated when appropriate and as new information and insights become available. 2.2 Time frame 7 We’ve undertaken extensive science and land investigations: • Water quality investigations 2013-15 Papanui sub-catchment characterisation • Catchment groundwater study • Cultural impact assessment • Stream ecological assessments • Detailed catchment soil mapping Early Nov 2015 Draft Strategy sent to catchment Sept 2015 Catchment Focus Group landowners affected by Plan Change 6 and made completes draft Catchment Strategy available to the wider catchment community Dec 2015 Public meeting to present the Dec 2015 Feedback, comments and findings of water quality investigations and changes consolidated for final strategy receive feedback on the draft strategy Feb 2016 Final Catchment Strategy document Jan 2016 Final Catchment Strategy prepared published and made available to catchment and adopted by HBRC community Implementation 2016 onwards 3. The Papanui Catchment: land and water resources 8 The Papanui Catchment covers an area of approximately 16,400ha. It extends from just north of Waipawa to the Te Aute Hill, 4.5km south of Lake Poukawa. Hemmed by the Raukawa Range to the west and the Kaokaoroa The catchment landscape has been highly modified. Native Range to the east, the Papanui catchment is essentially a basin forest remnants only exist in a few small pockets, mostly on that once contained a large expanse of lakes and wetland. The the Raukawa Range. The vast lakes and wetlands have all but catchment drains into the Tukituki River approximately 10 km completely disappeared with only around 70 ha of north of Patangata. willow infested wetland remaining. Topographically the Papanui Catchment is dissected by a low- Productive agricultural landscapes now dominate in the lying valley through which the Waipawa River periodically flowed Papanui Catchment with sheep and beef, dairy, forestry until the stream was permanently redirected in the 1890s. and a range of cropping types and systems. The Papanui Stream has three significant tributaries as well as numerous springs and ephemeral streams: • Kaikora Stream originates from limestone springs in the Raukawa Range and drains much of the hill country in the western catchment. • Holmwood Stream drains lower country within the middle catchment including the Otane Township. • Kaikora Drain or ‘Big Cut’ was excavated to drain what had until the late 19th century, been Lake Roto-A-Tara. The main drain is fed from a network of drainage channels in the productive peat flats that were formerly wetlands and lake bed. • Much of what is today referred to as the Papanui Stream includes the former Waipawa river-bed. Springs near the boundary with the Waipawa River catchment provide a residual flow in the former river bed. IMAGE: Digital elevation model of the Papanui Catchment Woolwich Frimley HASTINGS 3. The Papanui Maraekakaho 9 Catchment: land and water Longlands Pukahu resources Pakipaki Poukawa Te Hauke Te Aute Pukehou T e Aute Drain M a k a ra PAPANUI CATCHMENT m St a re re a St m i Otane u n a p Pa TUKITUKI CATCHMENT Patangata Elsthorpe W h a re m a Waipawa t e St r e a m er iv R ki tu ki Tu 4.