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The Kurrah Papyri from Aphrodito in the Oriental Institute

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The Kurrah Papyri from Aphrodito in the Oriental Institute oi.uchicago.edu THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE of THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION, NO. 15 THE KURRAH PAPYRI FROM APHRODITO IN THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE By NABIA ABBOTT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE of THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION JOHN ALBERT WILSON and THOMAS GEORGE ALLEN Editors oi.uchicago.edu THE KURRAH PAPYRI FROM APHRODITO IN THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE oi.uchicago.edu THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS THE BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY NEW YORK THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA TOKYO, OSAKA, KYOTO, FUKUOKA, SENDAI THE COMMERCIAL PRESS, LIMITED oi.uchicago.edu THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE of THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION, NO. 15 THE KURRAH PAPYRI * FROM APHRODITO IN THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE By NABIA ABBOTT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu COPYRIGHT 1938 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PUBLISHED DECEMBER 1938 PRINTED IN THE C.S,A. oi.uchicago.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi BIBLIOGRAPHY xiii I. INTRODUCTION 1 Historical Sketch 1 The Aphrodito Papyri 5 State Bureaus 10 Writing Materials 16 The Pen 24 The Ink 26 The Seal 27 The Script 33 Form, Style, and Diction 39 II. THE IJURRAH PAPYRI IN THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE 42 III. BIOGRAPHY OF I£URRAH IBN SHARIK, GOVERNOR OF EGYPT . 57 IV. HISTORICAL STUDY AND INTERPRETATION 70 Byzantine Egypt 70 The Arab Conquest of Egypt and the Settlement of cAmr ibn al- CMI 80 Early Arab Administration 89 vii oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES I. ORIENTAL INSTITUTE PAPYRUS NO. 13757 II. ORIENTAL INSTITUTE PAPYRUS NO. 13755 III. ORIENTAL INSTITUTE PAPYRUS NO. 13756 IV. ORIENTAL INSTITUTE PAPYRI NOS. 13758 AND 13759 TEXT FIGURES PAGE 1. METHODS OF FOLDING AND TYING PAPYRI 14 2. SEALS OF KURRAH PAPYRI 31 IX oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AJSL American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures (Chicago etc., 1884 ). AMJRL John Rylands Library, Manchester. Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts.... by A. Mingana (Man­ chester, 1934). APELl Cairo. Egyptian Library. Arabic Papyri in the Egyp­ tian Library, [ed.] by Adolf Grohmann (Cairo, 1934). APJRL John Rylands Library, Manchester. Catalogue of Arabic Papyri.... by D. S. Margoliouth (Manchester, 1933). Ar. Kg. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall, tr. by Margaret Graham Weir ([Calcutta,] 1927). Ar. Pal. Moritz, B. Arabic Palaeography (Cairo, 1905). Ar. Papier Karabacek, Josef von. Das arabische Papier (Wien, 1887). Beitrage Becker, Carl H. Beitrage zur Geschichte Agyptens unter dem Islam (Heft 1-2; Strassburg, 1902-3). BGA Bibliotheca geographorum Arabicorum, ed. M. J. de Goeje .... (Lugduni Batavorum, 1879-1927). BIFAO Cairo. Institut frangais d'archeologie orientale. Bulle­ tin (Le Caire, 1901 ). CMHll The Cambridge Medieval History II (New York, 1913). CPR III Corpus papyrorum Raineri archiducis Austriae. III. Series Arabica, ed. Adolphus Grohmann, Bd. I, Teil 1. Allgemeine Einfuhrung in die arabischen Papyri, von Dr. Adolf Grohmann (Wien, 1924). Bd. I, Teil 2-3. Protokolle, bearb. und hrsg. von Dr. Adolf Groh­ mann (Text und Tafeln; Wien, 1924, '23). EI Encyclopaedia of Islam (Leyden, 1913 ). Encyc. Brit. Encyclopaedia Britannica (14th ed.; New York, 1929). Flor. de Vogue Florilegium ou recueil de travaux d'erudition dedies a M. ... de Vogue (Paris, 1909). xi oi.uchicago.edu Xll LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS JEA Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (London, 1914 ). JHS Journal of Hellenic Studies (London, 1880 ). JOHN OF NIKIU John, bishop of Nikiu. The Chronicle .... (London, 1916). MIFAO Cairo. Institut frangais d'archeologie orientale. M6- moires (Le Caire, 1902 ). MPER Vienna. Nationalbibliothek. Mittheilungen aus der Sammlung der Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer (Wien, 1887-97). NPAF I, II, etc. Papyri in Becker, Carl H. Neue arabische Papyri des Aphroditofundes (Der Islam II [1911] 245-68). PAF I, II, etc. Papyri in Becker, Carl H. Arabische Papyri des Aphro­ ditofundes (ZA XX). PERF Vienna. Nationalbibliothek. Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer. Fuhrer durch die Ausstellung (Wien, 1894). P. Lond. IV British Museum. Greek Papyri IV. The Aphrodito Papyri, ed. by H. I. Bell (London, 1910). PO Patrologia orientalis (Paris, 1907——). P. Ross.-Georg. IV Jernstedt, Peter. Die Kome-Aphrodito Papyri der Sammlung Lichacov ("Papyri russischer und geor- gischer Samrnlungen [P. Ross.-Georg.]" [Tiflis, 1927]). PSR Becker, Carl H. Papyri Schott-Reinhardt .... I (Heidelberg, 1906). PSR I, II, etc. Individual papyri in the foregoing volume. Statthalter Wustenfeld, H. F. Die Statthalter von Agypten zur Zeit der Chalifen (Gottingen, 1875-76). ZA Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete (Leipzig, 1886 ). ZDMG Deutsche morgenlandische Gesellschaft. Zeitschrift (Leipzig, 1847 ). A.H. and A.D. indicate years of the Muslim and the Christian era respectively. Within the text proper double datings are commonly expressed merely by use of / between the year numbers; e.g., 1274/1857 means A.H. 1274, i.e. A.D. 1857. The system of transliteration used is that of A. Brux (see Bibliography). oi.uchicago.edu BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbott, Nabia. The Rise of the North Arabic Script and Its ^ur* anic Development, with a Pull Description of the ^ur*an Manuscripts in the Oriental Institute (Chicago. University. The Oriental Institute, "Oriental Institute Publications" L [Chicago, 1939]). Abu Salih a1-Armani. The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt ...., tr.*.... by B. T. A. Evetts (Oxford, I895). Aghnides, Nicolas P. Mohammedan Theories of Finance (New York, 1916). Amelineau, E. La geographle de I'Egypte a I'epoque copte (Paris, 1893). Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya al-. Futufr al-buldan (Liber expug- nationis regionum), 'ed. M. J. de Goeje (Lugduni Batavorum, 1866). Becker, Carl H. Arabische Papyri des Aphrodit of undes (ZA XX [I907] 68-104). Beitrage zur Geschichte Xgyptens unter dem Islam (Heft 1-2; Strassburg, 1902-3). Egypt (EI 11 4-23). Historlsche Studien iiber das Londoner Aphroditowerk (Per Islam II [1911] 359-71)- Joseph von Karabacek (Per Islam X [1920] 233-38). Neue arablsche Papyri des Aphroditofundes (Per Islam II [1911] 245-68). Papyri Schott-Reinhardt I ("Veroffentlichungen aus der Heidelberger Papyrussammlung,, III [Heidelberg, I9O6]). Papyrusstudien (ZA XXII [1909] 137-54). Yom Werden und Wesen der islamischen Welt. Islam- studien. I (Leipzig, 1924). Bell, H. I. The administration of Egypt under the Umayyad khalifs (Byzantinische Zeitschrift XXVIII [1928] 278-86). The Aphrodito papyri (JHS XXVIII [1908] 97-120). Translations of the Greek Aphrodito papyri in the Brit­ ish Museum (Der Islam II [1911] 269-83 and 372-84,- III [1912] 132-40 and 369-73; IV [1913] 87-96;and XVII [1928] 4-8). xiii oi.uchicago.edu xiv BIBLIOGRAPHY Bell, H. I. Two official letters of the Arab period (JEA XII [1926] 265-81). p# Jernstedt, Die Kome-Aphrodito Papyri der Sammlung Lichacov (review in JEA XIII f!927l 269-71). Bjorkman, WaltherA Beitrage zur Geschichte der Staatskanzlei Im islamischen ftgypten (Hamburg, I928). British Museum. Greek Papyri IV. The Aphrodito Papyri, ed. by H. I. Bell (London, 1910). Brux, Adolph A. Arabic-English transliteration for library pur­ poses (AJSL XLVII, No. 1, Pt. 2 [Oct., 1930]). Butler, Alfred J. The Arab Conquest of Egypt and the Last Thirty Years of the Roman Dominion (Oxford, 1902). Caetani, Leone. Annali dell'Islam (10 vols.; Milano, I9O5-26). Cairo. Egyptian Library. Arabic Papyri in the Egyptian Library, [ed.] by Adolf Grohmann (Cairo, 1934 ). The Cambridge Medieval History, .... ed. by H. M. Gwatkin, J. P. Whitney II (New York, 1915). Carter, Thomas F. The Invention of Printing in China and Its Spread Westward (New York, 1925). DIehl, Charles. Justinian. The Imperial restoration In the West and Justinian's government In the East (CMH II 1-2^ and 25-52). Encyclopaedia Brltannica (14th ed.; New York, 1929). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Leyden, I913 ). Eutychius, patriarch of Alexandria. Nazm al-.iauhar. Contextio gemmarum sive Eutychii ..* annales ... interprete Edwardo Pocockio (Oxoniae, I656). Florilegium ou recueil de travaux d'erudition dedies a M. le marquis Melchior de Vogue (Paris, 1909). Gauthier, Henri. Les nomes d'figypte depuis Herodote jusqu'a la conquSte arabe (Institut d'Egypte, Memoires XXV [1935]). Gelzer. Matthias. Studien zur byzantinischen Verwaltung 'Agyptens ( 'Leipziger historische Abhandlungen," hrsg. von E. Branden­ burg, G. Seeliger, U. Wilcken, Heft XIII [Leipzig, 1909]). Gesenius, Wilhelm. Hebraisches und aramaisches Handworterbuch liber das Alte Testament ...., bearbeitet von Dr. Frants Buhl (17. Aufl.; Leipzig, 1921). Goldziher, Ignacz. Muhammedanische Studien (2 vols.; Halle a. S., 1888-90). Grohmann, Adolf. Apergu de papyrologie arabe (Socie'te royale egyptienne de papyrologie, Etudes de papyrologie I [1932] 23-95). oi.uchicago.edu BIBLIOGRAPHY xv Grohmann, Adolf. ed. Series Arabica ("Corpus papyrorum Raineri archiducis Austriae" III [Vlndobonae, 192? ]). Al-Mukawkas (EI III 7I2-I5). Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph. Abhandlung uber die Siegel der Araber, Perser und Turken (Wlen, 1849; reprint from K. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Philos.-hist. Classe, Denkschriften I [1850]). Hardy, Edward Rochie, Jr. The Large Estates of Byzantine Egypt (New York, 1931). Heffening, Willi. Das islamische Fremdenrecht ("Beitrage zum Rechts= und Wirtschaftsleben des islamischen Orients," hrsg. von Willi Heffening, I [Hannover, I925]).
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