The Ottoman Crimean War (1853-1856)
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Mythistory in a Nationalist Age
MYTHISTORY IN A NATIONALIST AGE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SERBIAN AND GREEK POSTMODERN FICTION by TATJANA ALEKSIĆ A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Comparative Literature written under the direction of Professor Marie Josephine Diamond New Brunswick, New Jersey May, 2007 © 2007 Tatjana Aleksić ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Mythistory in a Nationalist Age: A Comparative Analysis of Serbian and Greek Postmodern Fiction By TATJANA ALEKSIĆ Dissertation Director: M. Josephine Diamond The dissertation is a study of postmodern Serbian and Greek novels that reflect the most recent historical trauma in the Balkans. The texts I analyze in specific chapters are Eugenia Fakinou’s The Seventh Garment (1983), Milorad Pavić’s The Dictionary of the Khazars (1984), Rhea Galanaki’s The Life of Ismail Ferik-Pasha (1989), and David Albahari’s Bait (1996). The appropriation of the term ‘mythistory’ as a key concept in defining the postmodern narratives analyzed in my dissertation derives from the absence of a clear distinction between mythological and historical national origins. In the Serbian texts analyzed interrogations of history feature as the dominant narrative mode, while even in historically informed Greek texts mythical subtext often figures as the cardinal referent. A possible reason for such a broad appropriation of myth lies in the claim of late 18th-century Greek nationalists to the classical glory of Ancient Greece. This liaison enabled the closure of the gap between the classical period of, predominantly mythically informed, Greek antiquity and post-Ottoman Greek modernity. -
The Egyptian Military in Politics and the Economy: Recent History and Current Transition Status
CMI INSIGHT October 2013 No 2 The Egyptian military in politics and the economy: Recent history and current transition status The Egyptian military has been playing a decisive role in national politics since the eruption of the 2011 uprisings. The Supreme Council of Armed Forces (SCAF) governed the country from February 2011 until June 2012. They worked closely with the elected civilian President Morsi of the Muslim Brothers. In June 2013, supported by mass protests and in collaboration with youth movements, the military overthrew president Morsi. The future of the democratic transition in Egypt is closely linked to General Abd al- Fattah al-Sisi, the current Minister of Defence. He was instrumental in forming the current transitional government, and hold key roles in drafting the new constitution and organizing subsequent elections. This CMI Insight explores recent historical episodes that inform the extensive political leverage that the military enjoys in Egyptian politics. ARMY, POLITICS, AND BUSINESS (1980- 2011) Dr. Zeinab Abul-Magd The militarisation of the Egyptian state and Guest researcher economy began six decades ago. In 1952, a military coup led by a group of young Farouk, and kicked out the British. This officers brought down the monarch, King the charismatic and popular Gamal Abd coup installed the first military president, al-Nasser (1954-1970), who formed an Egyptian military in Tahrir Square. Photo: Nefissa administrativeArab socialist regimeand economic in which positions. military1 Naguib. officers occupied the most important Mubarak in the course of thirty years, passed Two other military presidents succeeded after Egypt signed the Camp David peace attemptedNasser: Anwar to “demilitarise” Sadat (1970-1981) the Egyptian and through three different phases. -
Letters from Vidin: a Study of Ottoman Governmentality and Politics of Local Administration, 1864-1877
LETTERS FROM VIDIN: A STUDY OF OTTOMAN GOVERNMENTALITY AND POLITICS OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION, 1864-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Mehmet Safa Saracoglu ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Carter Vaughn Findley, Adviser Professor Jane Hathaway ______________________ Professor Kenneth Andrien Adviser History Graduate Program Copyright by Mehmet Safa Saracoglu 2007 ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on the local administrative practices in Vidin County during 1860s and 1870s. Vidin County, as defined by the Ottoman Provincial Regulation of 1864, is the area that includes the districts of Vidin (the administrative center), ‛Adliye (modern-day Kula), Belgradcık (Belogradchik), Berkofça (Bergovitsa), İvraca (Vratsa), Rahova (Rahovo), and Lom (Lom), all of which are located in modern-day Bulgaria. My focus is mostly on the post-1864 period primarily due to the document utilized for this dissertation: the copy registers of the county administrative council in Vidin. Doing a close reading of these copy registers together with other primary and secondary sources this dissertation analyzes the politics of local administration in Vidin as a case study to understand the Ottoman governmentality in the second half of the nineteenth century. The main thesis of this study contends that the local inhabitants of Vidin effectively used the institutional framework of local administration ii in this period of transformation in order to devise strategies that served their interests. This work distances itself from an understanding of the nineteenth-century local politics as polarized between a dominating local government trying to impose unprecedented reforms designed at the imperial center on the one hand, and an oppressed but nevertheless resistant people, rebelling against the insensitive policies of the state on the other. -
THE MODERNIZATION of the OTTOMAN NAVY DURING the REIGN of SULTAN ABDÜLAZİZ (1861-1876) By
THE MODERNIZATION OF THE OTTOMAN NAVY DURING THE REIGN OF SULTAN ABDÜLAZİZ (1861-1876) by DİLARA DAL A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies Department of Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham April, 2015 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The main focus of this study is to examine the modernization of the Ottoman navy during the reign of Sultan Abdülaziz, exploring naval administration, education, and technology. Giving a summary of the transformation of shipbuilding technologies and bureaucratic institutions of the Ottoman naval forces between 1808 and 1861, it analyses the structure of the Ottoman navy, its level of development in comparison to previous periods of time, and the condition of the vessels making up the naval fleet from 1861 to 1876. It also intends to evaluate the character of existing administrative structures at the outset of Abdülaziz’s reign in 1861 and the nature of subsequent changes, including structural reorganization of the Imperial Naval Arsenal, the Ministry of Marine, and the Naval Academy, as well as advancements in military training and seafaring; all within the context of the impact of these changes on the military, political, and economic condition of the Empire during the reign of Sultan Abdülaziz. -
Charles Hobart
CONFEDERATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION OF BELGIUM ven the keenest student of the American Civil War may be forgiven for being E unaware that one of the greatest of the blockade-runner captains in that conflict lies buried on a Turkish hillside overlooking the Bosphorus. Augustus Charles Hobart, known to his Victorian contemporaries as Hobart Pasha, was born on 1 April 1822 at Walton-on-the-Wolds, Leicestershire, the third son of the Reverend Augustus Edward Hobart, Rector of St. Mary’s Church and younger brother of the fifth Earl of Buckinghamshire. Some confusion has arisen over the family name of the future naval hero, which is usually given today as Hobart-Hampden. This is because his uncle, the fifth Earl, on inheriting the Buckinghamshire estates of the Hampden family in 1824, added their name to his own. However, although the Rector of St. Mary’s succeeded to the title in 1849, he did not change his name until 1878. Augustus Charles, who died in 1886, was therefore a plain Hobart for all but the last eight years of his life. The boy was sent to Dr. Mayo’s famous school at Cheam, Surrey. He proved a most unpromising student, however, and in 1835, shortly before his thirteenth birthday, he abandoned his studies and joined HMS Rover at Devonport as a midshipman. He spent the greater part of the next eight years on ships patrolling the coast of South America, as part of the Royal Navy’s efforts in the suppression of the slave trade. In the course of this, while serving on HMS Dolphin, he managed to capture a Brazilian slaver and brought her in triumph into the harbour of Demerara as a prize. -
Science Versus Religion: the Influence of European Materialism on Turkish Thought, 1860-1960
Science versus Religion: The Influence of European Materialism on Turkish Thought, 1860-1960 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Serdar Poyraz, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Carter V. Findley, Advisor Jane Hathaway Alan Beyerchen Copyright By Serdar Poyraz 2010 i Abstract My dissertation, entitled “Science versus Religion: The Influence of European Materialism on Turkish Thought, 1860-1960,” is a radical re-evaluation of the history of secularization in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey. I argue that European vulgar materialist ideas put forward by nineteenth-century intellectuals and scientists such as Ludwig Büchner (1824-1899), Karl Vogt (1817-1895) and Jacob Moleschott (1822-1893) affected how Ottoman and Turkish intellectuals thought about religion and society, ultimately paving the way for the radical reforms of Kemal Atatürk and the strict secularism of the early Turkish Republic in the 1930s. In my dissertation, I challenge traditional scholarly accounts of Turkish modernization, notably those of Bernard Lewis and Niyazi Berkes, which portray the process as a Manichean struggle between modernity and tradition resulting in a linear process of secularization. On the basis of extensive research in modern Turkish, Ottoman Turkish and Persian sources, I demonstrate that the ideas of such leading westernizing and secularizing thinkers as Münif Pasha (1830-1910), Beşir Fuad (1852-1887) and Baha Tevfik (1884-1914) who were inspired by European materialism provoked spirited religious, philosophical and literary responses from such conservative anti-materialist thinkers as Şehbenderzade ii Ahmed Hilmi (1865-1914), Said Nursi (1873-1960) and Ahmed Hamdi Tanpınar (1901- 1962). -
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
PERMANENTPERMANENT COURT COURT OF OF ARBITRATION ARBITRATION ININTHETHE MATTER MATTER OF OFANANARBITRATIONARBITRATION BEFORE BEFORE A ATRIBUNALTRIBUNAL CONSTITUTEDCONSTITUTEDININACCORDANCEACCORDANCEWITHWITHARTICLEARTICLE55OFOFTHETHE ARBITRATIONARBITRATION AGREEMENTAGREEMENT BETWEENBETWEEN THETHE GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT OFOF SUDANSUDAN ANDAND THETHE SUDANSUDAN PEOPLE’SPEOPLE’S LIBERATIONLIBERATION MOVEMENT/ARMYMOVEMENT/ARMY ON ON DELIMITING DELIMITING ABYEI ABYEI AREA AREA BETWEEN:BETWEEN: GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT OF OF SUDAN SUDAN andand SUDANSUDAN PEOPLE’S PEOPLE’S LIBERATION LIBERATION MOVEMENT/ARMY MOVEMENT/ARMY MEMORIALMEMORIAL OF OF THE THE GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT OF OF SUDAN SUDAN VOLUMEVOLUME II II ANNEXESANNEXES 1818 DECEMBER DECEMBER 2008 2008 Figure 1 The Area of the Bahr el Arab Figure 1 The Area of the Bahr el Arab ii ii Table of Contents Glossary Personalia List of Figures paras 1. Introduction 1-38 A. Geographical Outline 1-3 B. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement and the Boundaries of 1956 4-5 C. Abyei and the “Abyei Area” 6-9 D. Origins of the Dispute Submitted to the Tribunal 10-15 E. The Task of this Tribunal 16-36 (i) Key Provisions 16-18 (ii) The Dispute submitted to Arbitration 19-20 (iii) The Excess of Mandate 21-21 (iv) The Area Transferred 22-36 (a) The Territorial Dimension 22-30 (b) The Temporal Dimension 31-33 (c) The Applicable Law 34-35 (d) Conclusion 36-36 F. Outline of this Memorial 37-38 2. The Meaning of the Formula 39-56 A. Introduction 39-40 B. The Addis Ababa Agreement of 1972 41-42 C. Discussions leading to the CPA and the Abyei Protocol 43-55 D. Conclusions 56-56 3. The ABC Process 57-92 A. Introduction 57-58 B. -
VOL. 1881 Twelfth Annual Reunion of the Association of the Graduates Of
TWELFTH ANNUAL REUNION OF THE ;ssloei1V attl oITI I'the C tatoI t OF THE U. S. Military Academy, AT WEST POINT, NEWT YORK, June 9, 1881. EAST SAGINAW, MICH. E. W. LYON, PUBLISHER. I881. ANNUAL REUNION JUNE 9, 1881. MINUTES OF THE BUSINESS MEETING. WEST POINT, N. Y., June 9, i88i. The Association met in the Chapel of the United States Military Academy at 3 o'clock, P. M., and in the absence of General George W. Cullum, Chairman of the Executive Committee, was called to order by Prof. J. B. Wheeler. Prayer was offered by the Rev. Dr. John Forsyth, Chaplain of the Military Academy. The roll was then called by the Secretary. ROLL OF [MEMnBERS. Those present are indicated by a ', and those deceased in italics. CLASS. CLASS. 1808 Sylvanus 1Thayer. HANNIBALDAY. I8I4 Charles S. Merchant. I823 GEORGE H. CROSMAN. EDMUND B. ALEXANDER. {Simon Willard. o JamesMonroe. {Dennis H. Mahan. i815 ho /. Leslie. J Robert P. Parrott. Charles Davies. JOHN K. FINDLAY. WJOHN M. FESSENDEN. (Horace Webster. I8I8 Harvey Brozwn. 185 J WASHINGTON SEAWELL. H(artman Bache. N. SAYRE HARRIS. Edward D. Mansfield. WM. H. C. BARTLETT. Henry Brewerton. Samuel P. Heintzelman. I8I9 Henry A. TI8onson.6 AUG'ST'S J. PLEASANTON. *JOSHUA BAKER. EDWIN B. BABBITT. |DANIEL TYLER. Nathaniel C. Macrae. 1 William H. Swift. SILAS CASEY. I820 Rawlins Lowndes. r EBENEZER S. SIBLEY. 182I SethM r.Capron. NATAlexander J. J Center.ON NATHANIEL J. EATON. W(ILLIAM C. YOUNG. Abraham Van Buren. 1822 David H. Vinton. r Aber. Church. Bei~lamih H. Wright. Albert E. -
Yemen Isyani Ve Trabzon Redif Taburu (1905-1906)
YEMEN İSYANI VE TRABZON REDİF TABURU (1905-1906) Cengiz ÇAKALOĞLU∗ Özet: Osmanlı hâkimiyeti boyunca her zaman problemli bir bölge olan Yemen’deki en önemli isyanlardan biri de, İmam Yahya’nın önderlik ettiği isyandır. Bu isyanı bastırmak amacıyla, 1905 yılında nizamiye birliklerinin yanında Anadolu ve Rumeli’den çok sayıda redif taburu da sevk edildi. Bunlardan biri de, Rize Redif Livası’nı teşkil eden sekiz taburdan biri olan Trabzon Taburu’ydu. Yaklaşık bir buçuk yıl Yemen’de bulunan Trabzon Taburu, bu süre zarfında gerçekleştirilen harekâtlarda önemli rol oynadıktan sonra 1906 yılı sonlarında terhis edildi. Anahtar Kelimeler: Trabzon, Yemen, redif, tabur. I. Giriş Osmanlı Devleti’nin asıl ordusunu teşkil eden nizamiye kuvvetlerinin yanında, ihtiyaç halinde yararlanılacak bir ihtiyat ordusu olarak ifade edilebilecek olan Redif teşkilatı, Sultan II. Mahmud döneminde 1834 yılında kurulmuştur. 1843’te çıkarılan kanuna göre 5 yıllık normal askerlik süresini yani muvazzaflık süresini tamamlayanlar 7 yıl da rediflik hizmetinde bulunacaklardı1. Zaman içerisinde teşkilatla ilgili yeni düzenlemeler yapıldığı için rediflik süresi de farklılık göstermekle beraber, süre ile ilgili son düzenleme 1881’de yapılmış ve Sultan II. Abdülhamid devrinin sonuna kadar yürürlükte kalmıştır. Buna göre nizamiye ordusunda hizmetini tamamlayanlar 8 yıl da redif sınıfında kalacaklardır2. Yemen’deki 7. Ordu dışında Osmanlı Devleti’nin diğer altı ordusunda redif teşkilatı mevcuttu. 1894 yılından sonra her ordu ikişer redif fırkasından meydana gelmekteydi. Fırkalar ikişer livadan, livalar ikişer alaydan, alaylar dörder taburdan oluşuyordu3. Redif taburları, bulundukları alay içinde birden dörde kadar numara almakta iseler de, bulundukları yerlerin isimlerini taşımakta idiler. Her redif fırkasına bir ferik, redif livasına mirliva komuta etmekte idi. Redif alayı komutanlıklarına tek numaralı olanlarına miralay ve çift olanlarına kaymakam atanmakta idi. -
Uluslararası Osmanlı Döneminde Maraş Sempozyumu III. Cilt
Editör Cevdet Kabakcı Serdar Yakar Takım No 978-605-85898-3-4 ISBN 978-605-85898-6-5 Baskı Dergah Ofset İnş. Oto. San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Sanat Yönetmeni Eshabil Yıldız Kapak Halil Aydın Dizgi / Mizanpaj Halil Aydın İletişim Adresi Kahramanmaraş Belediyesi Kültür ve Sosyal İşler Müdürlüğü Tel.: 0 344 228 46 00 e posta: [email protected] Birinci Basım: Mart 2013 Bu eser Kahramanmaraş Belediyesinin Bir Kültür Hizmetidir. Uluslararası Osmanlı Döneminde Maraş Sempozyumu III. CİLT 4 - 6 Ekim 2012 Kahramanmaraş Onur Kurulu Kahramanmaraş Valisi Şükrü KOCATEPE Kahramanmaraş Belediye Başkanı Mustafa POYRAZ Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Rektörü Mehmet Fatih KARAASLAN Düzenleme Kurulu Başkan: Cevdet KABAKCI Serdar YAKAR Prof. Dr. Ahmet EYİCİL Prof. Dr. Mehmet ÖZKARCI Prof. Dr. Orhan DOĞAN Prof. Dr. Sait ÖZTÜRK Doç. Dr. Faruk SÖYLEMEZ Doç. Dr. İlyas GÖKHAN Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet TÜRKMEN Bilim Kurulu Prof. Dr. Ali AKTAN Prof. Dr. Fahamettin BAŞAR Prof. Dr. Orhan DOĞAN Prof. Dr. Recep DİKİCİ Prof. Dr. Mehmet ELİBAĞLI Prof. Dr. Mesut ELİBÜYÜK Prof. Dr. Feridun EMECEN Prof. Dr. Ahmet EYİCİL Prof. Dr. Mehmet İPÇİOĞLU Prof. Dr. Ahmet KANLIDERE Prof. Dr. Ahmet KANGAL Prof. Dr. Hasan Basri KARADEMİR Prof. Dr. Yılmaz KURT Prof. Dr. Zekeriya PAK Prof. Dr. Abdulkadir ÖZCAN Prof. Dr. Mehmet ÖZKARCI Prof. Dr. Mehmet ÖZ Prof. Dr. Sait ÖZTÜRK Prof. Dr. Metin SÖZEN Prof. Dr. Rafet YİNANÇ Prof. Dr. Kanat CANUZAKOV Prof. Dr. Metalbek BOLGAMBAYEV Prof. Dr. Adilbay J.TASTANOV Prof. Dr. Kanat U.MENBETALİYEV Doç. Dr. Selahattin DÖĞÜŞ Doç. Dr. Nejla GÜNAY Doç. Dr. İlyas GÖKHAN Doç. Dr. Akif ÖZDOĞAN Doç. Dr. Bilgehan PAMUK Doç. Dr. -
Avigdor Levy the OFFICER CORPS in SULTAN MAHMUD II's NEW OTTOMAN ARMY, 1826-39
Int. J. Middle East Stud. 2 (1971), 21-39 Printed in Great Britain 21 Avigdor Levy THE OFFICER CORPS IN SULTAN MAHMUD II'S NEW OTTOMAN ARMY, 1826-39* On 15 June 1826, after some fierce though brief fighting in the streets of Istanbul, Sultan Mahmud II effectively crushed the last serious Janissary uprising in the history of the Ottoman Empire. Two days later the five-centuries-old Janissary corps, which had long resisted change and modernization, was declared legally abolished. In its place there was to be organized a modern army called the Trained Victorious Muslim Troops (Muallem Asdkir-i Mansure-yi Muham- madiye), or the Victorious (Mansure) for short. Though he seems to have been unaware of it, the most difficult problem facing Sultan Mahmud at this initial stage was the recruitment of the cadres needed to train and lead his new army. Another Middle Eastern military reformer, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, had earlier solved this problem quite satisfactorily, as his troops were then proving in Arabia, the Sudan and Greece. Advised by capable European officers, the ruler of Egypt approached the prob- lem methodically. In 1816, in a special barracks set up at distant Aswan, the French Colonel Seve began training 500 selected youths. Only three years later, when one thousand officers had graduated from this school, did Muham- mad Ali begin to recruit his first Egyptian regiments.1 The Sultan, however, was hard pressed for time. The Janissaries had been the central element in the Ottoman military system, and the vacuum left by their suppression rendered the empire temporarily defenceless against foreign attack. -
IN the SUPREME COURT of PAKISTAN (Original Jurisdiction)
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN (Original Jurisdiction) PRESENT: Mr. Justice Mushir Alam Mr. Justice Qazi Faez Isa Suo Moto Case No. 7/2017 (Suo Moto action regarding Islamabad-Rawalpindi Sit-in / Dharna) In Attendance: Attorney Generals for Pakistan, Mr. Ashtar Ausaf Ali and Mr. Anwar Mansoor Khan. Deputy Attorney General, Mr. Sohail Mehmood. Advocate General, Islamabad, Mr. Abdul Rauf. Additional Advocate Generals, Punjab, Mr. Razzaq A. Mirza and Barrister Qasim Chauhan. Secretary, D.G. Law and A.D.G. Law of the Election Commission of Pakistan, Mr. Babar Yaqoob Fateh, Mr. M. Arshad and Malik Mujtaba respectively. Chairman, Head Legal, D.G. (Operation and Broadcast Media) and D.G. (Operation Distribution) of PEMRA, Mr. Saleem Baig, Mr. Ali Zeeshan Gondal, Mr. Sohail Asif and Mr. Muhammad Farooq respectively. Director and Joint Director of I.B., Mr. Malik Aziz-ur-Rehman and Mr. Anwar-ul-Haq Khawar respectively. Director (Legal) and Deputy Director (Legal), Ministry of Defence, Brigadier Falak Naz and Lieutenant Commander Shafiq ur Rehman respectively. Deputy Secretary Interior, Mr. Nasir Khan. Assistant Director (Legal), Mr. Shafiq-ur-Rehman. IGP and SP, Islamabad, Mr. Khalid Khattak and Mr. Liaqat Hayat Niazi respectively. Dates of Hearing: 21st November, 2017, 23rd November, 2017, 30th November, 2017, 3rd January, 2018, 16th February, 2018, 19th March, 2018, 15th April, 2018, 11th October, 2018, 16th November, 2018 and 22nd November, 2018. JUDGMENT SMC. No. 7/2017 2 Qazi Faez Isa, J. Background 1. Muslim candidates contesting elections have to submit a declaration in a prescribed written form affirming that Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the last prophet sent by Almighty Allah.