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DIG35 Working Draft DIG35 – Metadata for Digital Images – Working Draft, 1.0 March 6, 2000 This document is a public Working Draft for review by DIG members and other interested parties. It is a draft document and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use DIG Working Draft documents as reference material, to cite them in other publications, or to refer to them as anything other than "work in progress". Digital Imaging Group DIG35 Initiative Working Draft 1.0-20000306 Copyright © 1999-2000 Digital Imaging Group, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is believed to be accurate as of the date of publication. THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED "AS IS." THE DIGITAL IMAGING GROUP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, OR TITLE; THAT THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUITABLE FOR ANY PURPOSE; NOR THAT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUCH CONTENTS WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR OTHER RIGHTS. THE DIGITAL IMAGING GROUP WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY USE OF THE DOCUMENT OR THE PERFORMANCE OR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONTENTS THEREOF. Flashpix is a trademark of Digital Imaging Group, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. The names and/or trademarks of DIG35 members, member of the Digital Imaging Group, or the Digital Imaging Group may NOT be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to this document or its contents without specific, written prior permission. No parts of this WORKING DRAFT document may be reproduced, in whatever form, without express and written permission of Digital Imaging Group, Inc. About the Digital Imaging Group The Digital Imaging Group (DIG) is a not-for-profit imaging industry consortium of manufacturers, developers, and users of digital imaging solutions. Originally founded in 1997 by Adobe, Canon, Eastman Kodak, Fuji, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Intel, Live Picture and Microsoft, the organization has grown to over 70 members at three different levels of membership as of Jan. 17, 2000. The primary goal of the Digital Imaging Group is to provide an open industry forum for the exploration, implementation and stewardship of technologies and methods for expanding the Digital Imaging market. For more information: Digital Imaging Group, Inc http://www.digitalimaging.org Comments should be sent to: [email protected] Members of the DIG35 Initiative Group are (in alphabetical order): Adobe Systems Inc., AGFA-GEVAERT N.V., Canon Inc., Digitella Technology Inc., Eastman Kodak Company, Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Hewlett Packard Company, Microsoft Corporation, NETIMAGE, PhotoChannel Networks Inc., PictureIQ Corporation, Polaroid Corporation, Seattle FilmWorks, Inc. ©Digital Imaging Group, Inc. ii DIG35 Initiative Working Draft 1.0-20000306 Foreword From consumer to professional and commercial applications, digital images are overtaking the traditional images created with film or video in terms of number of images created as well as becoming closer in quality of image. In addition the increasing sales of digital image capture devices and associated services available for digital image processing will soon result in the proliferation of huge numbers of digital images in many forms and in a variety of sizes and [perceived and measured] value. From the very beginning of photography (and before that, in art of all kinds) those who take pictures have tried to capture as much information about the photograph as possible. This information is termed metadata.i Every family has shoeboxes filled with photographs, some with a few cryptic notes on the back. Another method of tracking metadata has been in photo albums dedicated to special occasions. In both cases the information has been limited and often the meaning of the notes is lost over time. Creating metadata for images enhances our memory and increases the joy of sharing our memories. As we share images across distance and time it becomes even more important to remember as much as possible about the image. In today's digital age, sharing images is easier than ever. The growth in digital technology has created the desire among users to manage and exchange their images in a variety of ways including storage, e-mail exchange, Internet/WWW postings and other displays (such as personal electronic photo albums or photo frames), and printing to a variety of devices with different resolutions. The illustration below highlights several of the key enhancements in using today's technology and the benefits of having more extensive metadata. First, with additional metadata the image becomes important not just for today but also in the future. Knowing exactly who, what, when, where, and how a photograph was taken provides a solid basis for documenting our lives or our business. Second, using today's technology, images can be shared far more broadly and in the way most appropriate to each individual. This extensive sharing of images requires more knowledge about the image, especially in a business situation. And, finally, knowing as much as possible about the image enhances the joy of sharing. We no longer need to rely on memory alone to provide the background for our memories. i The term metadata is composed from the Greek word "meta" meaning aside and "data" meaning the essential content of an electronic container (for example, an image file). ©Digital Imaging Group, Inc. iii DIG35 Initiative Working Draft 1.0-20000306 Digital technology, whether by digital cameras or by digitizing video or film-based images, paves the way for many more of these associated services than would be available solely within analog media such as traditional film or VHS video. One of the primary services becoming more broadly available in the computerization of images is that of enhanced metadata. Today's image and data processing systems provides the means to have an image (the primary data under consideration) be associated with much more of the important information that is not part of the primary but nonetheless very valuable. ©Digital Imaging Group, Inc. iv DIG35 Initiative Working Draft 1.0-20000306 Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 VISION AND GOAL............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 Design Goals............................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Design Principles ....................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THIS DOCUMENT .................................................................................................................. 2 1.5 CONVENTIONS .................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.6 STATUS OF THIS DOCUMENT .............................................................................................................................. 3 2 METADATA ARCHITECTURE ................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 2.1 WHAT IS METADATA? .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 IMAGE MODEL .................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 METADATA INTERCHANGE MODEL ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.3.1 Image Pixel Data Interchange .................................................................................................................. 6 2.3.2 Image Pixel and Metadata Interchange ................................................................................................... 6 2.3.3 Challenges of Metadata Interchange........................................................................................................ 7 2.4 METADATA STORAGE MODEL.............................................................................................................................. 8 2.5 PROGRESSIVE METADATA MODEL......................................................................................................................
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