Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Case of Police Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa By Syed Muhammad Shaukat Shah Registration No. 3156 Research Thesis Submitted to the Department of Management Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorate of Philosophy (Ph.D) Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa December, 2018 Certificate of Approval This is to certify that the research work presented in this thesis, entitled “Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A case of Police Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa” was conducted by Mr. Syed Muhammad Shaukat Shah under the supervision of Prof Dr. Qadir Bakhsh Baloch. No part of this thesis has been submitted anywhere else for any other degree. This thesis is submitted to the Department of Management Sciences Abasyn University Peshawar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Field of Management Sciences (HRM) Department of Management Sciences Abasyn University Peshawar Student Name: Syed Muhammad Shaukat Shah Signature: __________ Examination Committee: External Examiner 1: Signature:__________ External Examiner 2: Signature:___________ ………………………………….. Internal Examiner: Signature:___________ …………………………………..……………………………… Supervisor Name: Prof. Dr. Qadir Baksh Baloch Signature:____________ Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM) Name of Dean/HOD: Associate Prof. Dr.Waqar Alam HOD Department of Management Sciences Signature:_____________ Abasyn University Peshawar DETERMINANTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: A CASE OF POLICE DEPARTMENT KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate whether organizational justice, job satisfaction and affective commitment are the important determinants of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in KP Police and to check whether the relationship of organizational justice and OCB is mediated in serial by job satisfaction and affective commitment. Multi stage cluster sampling technique which is a type of probability sampling was employed and eight police stations were finally selected and considered as clusters. Questionnaires were distributed among all the available 386 policemen working in these eight police stations. 300 dully filled questionnaires were received making an active response rate of 78%. SPSS and PROCESS softwares were used data. The results of the study confirm previous findings that organizational justice, job satisfaction and affective commitment are related to OCB however, the relationship between organizational justice and OCB is partially mediated by job satisfaction and affective commitment in serial. The study found KP Policemen highly dissatisfied with the extrinsic factors such as duty hours, and working conditions, etc. In order to promote OCB among KP Policemen, concrete steps shall be taken to improve working conditions and justice perceptions among KP Police. Key Words: Organizational citizenship behavior, OCB, organizational justice, job satisfaction, affective commitment, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police, KP Police i Acknowledgments Starting with the name of ALLAH the Most Merciful and the Most Beneficent, all Praises and Glories are for ALLAH Who sent Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a Blessing for the whole universe. His is the kingdom of the heavens and the earth and to Allah return all the matters (for decision). I believe that ALLAH almighty has helped me in every step and introduced me to certain organizations and individuals without the help and support of whom the study would not have been possible. First and foremost, I thank Higher Education Commission (HEC) and Government of Pakistan for providing me a scholarship for PhD, and my college friend Zafar Hayat who advised and helped me in applying for this scholarship. Next, I would like to thank KP Policemen who participated in this study. Apart from special thanks to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Qadir Baksh Baloch, I deeply acknowledge Dr. Saima Batool for her support and help in the analysis of data. Special thanks go to my colleagues Dr. Noman, Sir Irshad, Aziz Jan and all other who helped me complete this study. No appropriates words can encompass and express my gratitude for my Murshid (spiritual mentor) Dr. Hazrat Syed Muhammad Arif Ali Shah Qalander, and his son Dr. Hazrat Syed Muhammad Shafaat Shah custodian of the holy throne of Hazrat Sakhi Lal Shehbaz Qalander, Sehwan Shareef. It was my Murshid-e-Karim‘s order to get enrolled in PhD and made me realize that I can do it. He supported me and continuously encouraged me. He never let me fall and for me he is always a hope in despair. Syed Muhammad Shaukat Shah ii Author’s Declaration I, Syed Muhammad Shaukat Shah hereby state that my PhD thesis titled ―Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Case of Police Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa‖ is my own work and has not been submitted previously by me for taking any degree from Abasyn University, or anywhere else in the country/world. At any time if my statement is found to be incorrect even after my Graduate the university has the right to withdraw my PhD degree. Name of Student: Syed Muhammad Shaukat Shah Date: 03-01-2017 iii Plagiarism Undertaking I solemnly declare that research work presented in the thesis titled ―Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Case of Police Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa‖ is solely my research work with no significant contribution from any other person. Small contribution/help wherever taken has been duly acknowledged and that complete thesis has been written by me. I understand the zero tolerance policy of the HEC and University (Abasyn University) towards plagiarism. Therefore I as an Author of the above titled thesis declare that no portion of my thesis has been plagiarized and any material used as reference is properly referred/cited. I undertake that if I am found guilty of any formal plagiarism in the above titled thesis even after award of PhD degree, the University reserves the rights to withdraw/revoke my PhD degree and that HEC and the University has the right to publish my name on the HEC/University Website on which names of students are placed who submitted plagiarized thesis. Student /Author Signature:______________ Name: Syed Muhammad Shaukat Shah iv Dedication I dedicate this thesis to my Murshid Kareem Dr. Syed Muhammad Arif Ali Shah Qalandar, and his son Dr. Syed Muhammad Shafaat Shah, custodians of the holy throne of Hazrat Syed Usman Marvandi popularly known as Sakhi LaL Shehbaz Qalandar, Sehwan Sharif, Sindh. v Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgments ................................................................................................... ii Author‘s Declaration .............................................................................................. iii Plagiarism Undertaking .......................................................................................... iv Dedication ............................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ........................................................................................................... x Table of Figures ..................................................................................................... xi List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................. xii Chapter 1 ................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background of the Study ............................................................................... 1 1.3 Statement of the Problem .............................................................................. 5 1.4 Significance of the Study ............................................................................... 8 1.4.1 Contributions to Theory .......................................................................... 8 1.4.2 Contributions to Practice ......................................................................... 9 Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................. 10 Literature Review ................................................................................................ 10 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 10 2.2 Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) ............................................... 10 2.2.1 Positive Outcomes of Organizational Citizenship Behavior................ 11 2.2.2 Negative Outcomes of OCB ................................................................. 15 2.2.3 Is OCB Good or Bad? ........................................................................... 16 2.3 Dimensions of OCB ..................................................................................... 16 2.4 Determinants and Antecedent of OCB ........................................................

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