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110140-41 bk Gounod EC 28|03|2003 2:30 PM Page 12 ADD Great Opera Performances 8.110140-41 Also available: 2 CDs GOUNOD Roméo et Juliette Eidé Norena • Charles Hackett • Angelo Bada • Giuseppe de Luca Chorus and Orchestra of the Metropolitan Opera, New York • Louis Hasselmans Recorded in 1935 8.110203-04 8.110140-41 12 110140-41 bk Gounod EC 28|03|2003 2:30 PM Page 2 Ward Marston Great Opera Performance In 1997 Ward Marston was nominated for the Best Historical Album Grammy Award for his production work on BMG’s Fritz Kreisler collection. According to the Chicago Tribune, Marston’s name is ‘synonymous with tender Charles loving care to collectors of historical CDs’. Opera News calls his work ‘revelatory’, and Fanfare deems him ‘miraculous’. In 1996 Ward Marston received the Gramophone award for Historical Vocal Recording of the Year, GOUNOD honouring his production and engineering work on Romophone’s complete recordings of Lucrezia Bori. He also (1818-1892) served as re-recording engineer for the Franklin Mint’s Arturo Toscanini issue and BMG’s Sergey Rachmaninov recordings, both winners of the Best Historical Album Grammy. Born blind in 1952, Ward Marston has amassed tens of thousands of opera classical records over the past four Romeo et Juliette decades. Following a stint in radio while a student at Williams College, he became well-known as a reissue producer Opera in Five Acts (1867) in 1979, when he restored the earliest known stereo recording made by the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1932. In the past, Ward Marston has produced records for a number of major and specialist record companies. Now he Broadcast from the Metropolitan Opera House, New York City, 26 January 1935 is bringing his distinctive sonic vision to bear on works released on the Naxos Historical label. Ultimately his goal is to make the music he remasters sound as natural as possible and true to life by ‘lifting the voices’ off his old 78 rpm recordings. His aim is to promote the importance of preserving old recordings and make available the works of great Juliette . Eidé Norena musicians who need to be heard. Stéphano . Gladys Swarthout Gertrude . Henrietta Wakefield Roméo . Charles Hackett Tybal . Angelo Bada Benvolio . Max Altglass Mercutio . Giuseppe de Luca Paris . Millo Picco Gregorio . Paolo Ananian Capulet . Louis D’Angelo Friar Laurence . Léon Rothier Duke of Verona . Arthur Anderson Orchestra and Chorus of the Metropolitan Opera • Louis Hasselmans Note: In this performance, Gounod’s original Act 4 Scene 2 including the ballet is entirely omitted. Gounod’s original Act 5 therefore becomes Act 4 Scene 2. The Naxos historical label aims to make available the greatest recordings in the history of recorded music, in the best and truest sound that contemporary technology can provide. To achieve this aim, Naxos has engaged a number of respected restorers who have the dedication, skill and experience to produce restorations that have set new standards in the field of historical recordings. 8.110140-41 2 11 8.110140-41 110140-41 bk Gounod EC 28|03|2003 2:30 PM Page 10 Producer’s Note CD 1 79:16 Almost anyone today who owns a cassette or VCR recorder has probably taped radio or television programs, for it 1 Prologue: Vérone vit jadis deux familles rivales… Act II 27:40 has become as simple as inserting a tape into the machine and pressing a button. Recording “off the air” was not (Chorus) 7:20 always such an easy matter. During the early 1930’s, one could purchase an apparatus for recording broadcasts that 9 Entr’acte et chœur: 3:37 attached to an ordinary record player and used pre-grooved discs. That method yielded almost unlistenable Act I 32:46 O nuit! sous tes ailes obscures… recordings of little value today. Fortunately a more sophisticated recording process was also developed which used 2 Introduction: L’heure s’envole… 9:56 (Roméo, Mercutio, Chorus) a lathe to cut grooves into highly polished aluminum discs. Radio networks began using the system to record (Chorus; Juliette, Paris, Tybalt, Capulet; selected broadcasts for their archives and the pleasure of a few prominent celebrities. Before long, studios began Mercutio, Roméo) 0 Cavatine: L’amour, l’amour!… 5:02 making custom recordings and for the first time one could pay to have a broadcast transcribed. Aluminum discs (Roméo) were soon supplanted by lacquer coated discs which yielded less noise and captured greater frequency response and 3 Ballade de la reine Mab: 2:42 dynamic range. This type of disc remained the standard format for “off the air” recording until the introduction of Mab, la reine des mensonges… ! Scène et chœurs: Hélas! moi, le haïr! 8:29 magnetic tape. (Mercutio) (Juliette, Roméo, Chorus, Gregorio, Gertrude) The Metropolitan Opera Company began its regular Saturday afternoon broadcasts in December 1931, but only a few fragments survive from the first years. By 1934 recording these broadcasts was becoming more common and 4 Récitatif et Scène: 3:37 @ Duo: Ô nuit divine! je t’implore! 10:33 a surprising number of complete or nearly-complete performances exist from the 1934-35 season. Unfortunately Eh bien! que l’avertissement me vienne de Mab… (Roméo, Juliette) most of the original aluminum discs on which these broadcasts were captured are no longer available; most (Roméo, Mercutio, Chorus; Juliette, Gertrude) transfers emanate from tape dubs which, more often than not, were poorly made years ago from the original discs. In the case of this performance of Gounod’s Roméo et Juliette, a complete set of 78 r.p.m. twelve inch 5 Ariette: Ah! Je veux vivre dans le rêve… 3:59 Act III 11:30 aluminum discs has been preserved by tenor Charles Hackett’s son. This transfer is made directly from those discs, (Juliette) and although the noise level is at times high, the sound quality is excellent for a broadcast transcription of this Scene 1 vintage. The distortion heard during forte passages is absolutely typical of recordings made on these early 6 Récitatif: Le nom de cette belle enfant? 0:52 aluminum discs. The outer edges of many of the discs have corroded, causing occasional but severe scraping (Roméo, Gregorio, Gertrude, Juliette) # Entr’acte et scène: 4:10 sounds which I have attempted to attenuate. In order to preserve as much of the original sound as possible, I have Mon père! Dieu vous garde! used no excessive filtering or digital noise reduction and have used CEDAR technology only to remove clicks, and 7 Madrigal: Ange adorable… 5:07 (Roméo, Fr. Laurence, Juliette) pops. Additionally, I found that each side varies in speed between its beginning and end from about 78 down to (Juliette, Roméo) 76.5 r.p.m. I have endeavored to adjust the speed to keep the pitch reasonably constant throughout the performance. $ Trio et quatuor: 7:20 8 Finale: 6:32 Dieu qui fis l’homme à ton image! Quelqu’un! C’est mon cousin Tybalt (Fr. Laurence, Juliette, Roméo, Gertrude) (Juliette, Roméo, Tybalt, Mercutio, Paris, Capulet) 8.110140-41 10 3 8.110140-41 110140-41 bk Gounod EC 28|03|2003 2:30 PM Page 4 CD 2 70:02 Act III families to keep the peace and banishes Romeo. Act III (concluded) 23:03 Act IV 46:59 Scene 1 Act IV Scene 2 Scene 1 21:18 # Romeo greets Friar Laurence in his cell, as dawn Scene 1 breaks. Juliet approaches, accompanied by her nurse, 1 Announcements 1:51 4 Duo: Va! Je t’ai pardonné… 10:59 and asks the friar to marry her to her lover. 4 It is night in Juliet’s chamber, and she forgives (Juliette, Roméo) Romeo for any injury to her family. They sing of their 2 Chanson: 4:28 $ With simple ceremony the friar pronounces the love on this, their wedding night. Romeo hears the lark, Depuis hier je cherche en vain mon maître! 5 Quatuor: Juliette!—Ah! le ciel soit loué! 3:50 words of marriage over the couple, and all join in heralding the dawn. Romeo seeks a kiss, before he must (Stéphano) (Gertrude, Capulet, Juliette, Fr. Laurence) seeking a blessing on their union. go, and climbs down from Juliet’s balcony. She remains gazing at his departure, praying that angels will guard 3 Finale: Ah! Ah! voici nos gens! 17:45 6 Scène: Mon père! Tout m’accable! 6:29 him. (Stéphano, Gregorio, Chorus, Mercutio, Tybalt, (Juliette, Fr. Laurence) CD 2 Roméo, Benvolio, Paris, Capulet, Duke) 5 Gertrude hurries in, anxious at Lord Capulet’s Scene 2 25:41 Act III approach. Capulet enters, accompanied by Friar Laurence, and announces Juliet’s proposed husband, 7 Announcements 5:08 Scene 2 Count Paris, Tybalt’s ineluctable choice. The four express their own reactions to this news. 8 Le sommeil de Juliette 2:50 2 In a square before the Capulets’ palace, the Montague page Stephano, seeks Romeo, regretting that 6 Alone with Friar Laurence, Juliet seeks his help. He 9 Scène et Duo: 17:43 Juliet, beautiful as she is, should be in such a nest of gives her a phial containing a drug that will induce in C’est là! Salut! Tombeau sombre et silencieux! vultures, a dove who will soon find freedom in love. her the appearance of death and allow her to escape. (Roméo, Juliette) 3 Gregorio emerges from the palace, seeing Stephano Scene 2 as one who had been among the intruders of the day before. Stephano taunts him and they fight, interrupted 8 Juliet is duly found dead and taken to the family by Mercutio and then by Tybalt, who draws on him.