DOCSLIB.ORG

Local Social Services in Nordic Countries in Times of Disaster Report for the Nordic Council of Ministers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Local Social Services in Nordic Countries in Times of Disaster Report for the Nordic Council of Ministers Local Social Services in Nordic countries in Times of Disaster Report for the Nordic Council of Ministers Guðný Björk Eydal, Ingibjörg Lilja Ómarsdóttir, Carin Björngren Cuadra, Rasmus Dahlberg, Björn Hvinden, Merja Rapeli and Tapio Salonen Local Social Services in Nordic countries in Times of Disaster -Report for the Nordic Council of Ministers Guðný Björk Eydal, Ingibjörg Lilja Ómarsdóttir, Carin Björngren Cuadra, Rasmus Dahlberg, Björn Hvinden, Merja Rapeli, Tapio Salonen (PDF) ISBN 978-9935-9265-4-8 (EPUB)© Ministry of Welfare 2016, Reykjavík, Iceland This publication has been published with financial support by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views, policies or recom‐ mendations of the Nordic Council of Ministers. www.norden.org/nordpub Nordic co‐operation Nordic co‐operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co‐operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic co‐operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive. Nordic Council of Ministers Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K Phone (+45) 33960200 www.norden.org 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 ABOUT THE AUTHORS ............................................................................................................................... 8 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 THE NORDIC COUNCIL OF MINISTERS .................................................................................................... 10 1.2 THE NORDIC WELFARE WATCH ............................................................................................................. 11 1.2.1 Nordic Welfare Indicators ............................................................................................................. 12 1.2.2 Welfare consequences of financial crises ...................................................................................... 12 1.2.3 The Nordic Welfare Watch – in Response to Crisis ....................................................................... 12 1.3 DISASTER RESEARCH IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES ................................................................................... 13 1.4 COOPERATION ON EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT IN NORDIC REGIONS AND ON EUROPEAN LEVEL ............ 16 1.5 MANAGING RISKS AND ENHANCING RESILIENCE ..................................................................................... 19 1.6 WHAT KINDS OF DISASTERS HAVE THE NORDIC COUNTRIES EXPERIENCED IN PAST DECADES? ............... 21 1.7 THE NORDIC WELFARE STATES AND SOCIAL SERVICES IN TIMES OF DISASTER ........................................ 24 1.8 TERMINOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................... 27 1.8.1 Disaster .......................................................................................................................................... 28 1.8.2. Emergency Management ............................................................................................................... 30 1.8.3. Vulnerability and resilience .......................................................................................................... 30 1.9 PARTICIPANTS ........................................................................................................................................ 33 1.10 METHODS, MATERIAL AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ................................................................ 34 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 37 2. SOCIAL SERVICES AND SOCIAL WORK IN THE CONTEXT OF DISASTER ........................... 43 2.1 THE ROLE OF LOCAL SOCIAL SERVICES IN TIMES OF DISASTER ................................................................ 43 2.1.1 Enhancing resilience and working with vulnerable groups ........................................................... 45 2.1.2 Provision of psychosocial support to individuals, families and groups ......................................... 47 2.1.3 Community work ............................................................................................................................ 49 2.2 CO-OPERATION OF LOCAL SOCIAL SERVICES WITH OTHER AGENTS ......................................................... 50 2.3 LOCAL SOCIAL SERVICES AND DISASTER SOCIAL WORK .......................................................................... 52 2.3.1 Contribution of social work in relation to disasters ...................................................................... 55 2.3.2 Disaster social work and user involvement ................................................................................... 58 2.3.3 Education and the role of disaster social work .............................................................................. 60 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 61 3. DENMARK ................................................................................................................................................. 65 3.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 65 3.1.1 Geography and climate .................................................................................................................. 65 3.1.2 Demographics ................................................................................................................................ 65 3.1.3 The governmental system ............................................................................................................... 66 3.1.4 Disaster and risk profile ................................................................................................................ 67 3.2 LOCAL SOCIAL SERVICES ........................................................................................................................ 67 3.3 THE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 70 3.3.1 Tasks and objectives ...................................................................................................................... 72 3.3.2 Contingency planning .................................................................................................................... 73 3.3.3 The national level .......................................................................................................................... 73 3.3.4 The regional level .......................................................................................................................... 76 3.3.5 The municipal level ........................................................................................................................ 77 3.3.6 Civil society and nongovernmental engagements/agencies ........................................................... 77 3.4 LOCAL SOCIAL SERVICES’ ROLE IN THE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ......................................... 78 3.5 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................... 79 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 82 4. FINLAND.................................................................................................................................................... 85 4.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 85 3 4.1.1 Geography and climate .................................................................................................................. 85 4.1.2 Demographics ................................................................................................................................ 85 4.1.3 The governmental system ............................................................................................................... 86 4.1.4 Disaster and risk profile ................................................................................................................ 88 4.2 LOCAL SOCIAL SERVICES ........................................................................................................................ 89 4.2.1 Example of local social services in Finland: The case of Vantaa.................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'Noblesse De Robe' in a Classless Society
    Scandinavian Journal of History ISSN: 0346-8755 (Print) 1502-7716 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/shis20 ‘NOBLESSE DE ROBE’ IN A CLASSLESS SOCIETY Einar Hreinsson To cite this article: Einar Hreinsson (2005) ‘NOBLESSE DE ROBE’ IN A CLASSLESS SOCIETY, Scandinavian Journal of History, 30:3-4, 225-237, DOI: 10.1080/03468750500286702 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/03468750500286702 Published online: 08 Aug 2006. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 364 Citing articles: 5 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=shis20 Einar Hreinsson ‘NOBLESSE DE ROBE’ IN A CLASSLESS SOCIETY The making of an Icelandic elite in the Age of Absolutism Concentrating on the identity of the Icelandic elite during the 18th and the 19th century, the article argues that the introduction of ‘‘rang’’ or ‘‘noblesse de robe’’ – in the Danish- Norwegian monarchy gave higher officials a European aristocratic identity. The author discusses how this aristocratic identity of the elite fits in with the historical discussion about the nature of Icelandic society, traditionally described as a society without any real social boundaries. In the spring of 1803, the diocesan governor (i.stiftamtmaður)1 of Iceland, O´ lafur Stephensen, was tried by a Royal investigating-commission. When asked, if it was true that he had threatened to imprison cottagers in the village of Reykjavik if they refused to work for him without payment,
    [Show full text]
  • A Cross-Sectional Study of Educational Aspects and Self-Reported Learning Difficulties Among Female Prisoners in Norway
    education sciences Article A Cross-Sectional Study of Educational Aspects and Self-Reported Learning Difficulties among Female Prisoners in Norway Lise Øen Jones 1,*, Leila Våland Tveit 1, Arve Asbjørnsen 2, Ole Johan Eikeland 3, Hilde Hetland 1 and Terje Manger 1 1 Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; [email protected] (L.V.T.); [email protected] (H.H.); [email protected] (T.M.) 2 Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; [email protected] 3 Eikeland Research and Teaching, 5032 Bergen, Norway; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyse the educational background, ed- ucational desires and participation in education among three samples of female prisoners with Norwegian citizenship in Norwegian prisons over the period from 2009 to 2015. The female partici- pants were n = 106 in 2009, n = 74 in 2012 and n = 79 in 2015, respectively, with a mean age of 38 years. Moreover, the study examined whether self-reported learning difficulties could predict participation in education activity while incarcerated. The results show that the female prisoners included in this study increased their educational level over the studied years. Similar education patterns were Citation: Jones, L.Ø.; Tveit, L.V.; observed in the 2009 and 2012 samples regarding all educational levels for the female prisoners. A Asbjørnsen, A.; Eikeland, O.J.; different pattern was observed in the 2015 data, with 44.3 % having mandatory education as their Hetland, H.; Manger, T. A highest level compared to 57.6 in 2009 and 53.4 in 2012, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodic Data Collection on the Migration Situation in the EU
    Periodic data collection on the migration situation in the EU September Highlights 1 July–31 August 2018 Contents Key fundamental rights concerns .............................................................. 2 Situation at the border ............................................................................. 5 Asylum procedure ................................................................................... 7 Reception ............................................................................................... 9 Child protection..................................................................................... 12 Immigration detention ........................................................................... 14 Return ................................................................................................. 16 Legal responses .................................................................................... 17 Policy responses .................................................................................... 19 Responses by civil society, local and political actors ................................... 20 Hate speech and violent crime ................................................................ 20 ANNEX – Stakeholders interviewed in August 2018 .................................... 23 DISCLAIMER: The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) commissioned these reports under contract. The content was prepared by FRA’s contracted research network, FRANET. The reports contain descriptive data that were based
    [Show full text]
  • Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Norway
    Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Norway Changes in CAM Prevalence and User characteristics in Norway from 2002 to 2012 Natalia Naberezhneva Master Thesis Department of Health Management and Health Economics Faculty of Medicine UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Oslo, November 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Associate Professor Tron Anders Moger for the idea of the master thesis, as well for useful comments, remarks and sincere engagement throughout entire very interesting process of writing my first scientific work. Furthermore, I would like to thank my loved ones in Russia, my parents, Tamara Naberezhneva and Vladimir Naberezhnev, my brother Stanislav, and my dear friends in Norway for their unconditional support throughout my degree, for keeping me motivated and harmonious, for helping me putting pieces together during these exciting, though, challenging study years in Norway. I will be grateful forever for your love. I will forever be thankful to The Almighty God for His faithfulness, loving guidance and protection throughout the period of the programme and all my life. I am solely responsible for any shortcomings found in this study. Natalia Naberezhneva Oslo, 15 November 2014 i © Natalia Naberezhneva 2014 Complementary and alternative medicine in Norway. Changes in CAM prevalence and user characteristics in Norway from 2002 to 2012 Natalia Naberezhneva http://www.duo.uio.no/ Publishing: Reprosentralen, Blindern, Oslo. ii ABSTRACT Background: CAM has gained increased popularity in Western countries in recent years. Its use is commonly associated with chronic diseases management and disease prevention. While CAM utilization is becoming more usual, the population-based descriptions of its patterns of use are still lacking; little research has been devoted to exploring whether the prevalence of CAM and socio-demographic characteristics of CAM users change over time, particularly in Norway.
    [Show full text]
  • The Implementation of Restorative Justice in Iceland: a Comparison of Police- and Expert-Led Conferencing
    University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 1-1-2010 The Implementation of Restorative Justice in Iceland: A Comparison of Police- and Expert-Led Conferencing Hafsteinn Gunnar Hafsteinsson University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Law Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Hafsteinsson, Hafsteinn Gunnar, "The Implementation of Restorative Justice in Iceland: A Comparison of Police- and Expert-Led Conferencing" (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 818. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/818 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. The Implementation of Restorative Justice in Iceland: A Comparison of Police- and Expert-led Conferencing __________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the University of Denver University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Arts __________ by Hafsteinn Gunnar Hafsteinsson June 2010 Advisor: Tamra Pearson d’Estrée ©Copyright by Hafsteinn G. Hafsteinsson 2010 All rights reserved Abstract Author: Hafsteinn G. Hafsteinsson Title: The Implementation of Restorative Justice in Iceland: A Comparison of Police- and Expert-led Conferencing Advisor: Tamra Pearson d’Estrée Degree Date: June 2010 On first of October 2006 the Ministry of Justice in Iceland launch a restorative justice pilot project. Building on the pilot project data, this thesis evaluates the implementation of restorative justice into the criminal justice system in Iceland by asking victims, offenders and other participants in police- and expert-led conferencing to answer questionnaires’ relating to these two types of restorative justice practices to crime.
    [Show full text]
  • |42| Trondheim
    Alla tåg Sundsvall-Stockholm tab 41, Trondheim - Storlien - Östersund - Bollnäs/Sundsvall - Stockholm Gävle-Stockholm tab 43, |42| alla tåg Ljusdal-Gävle tab 44 13 dec 2020-1 aug 2021 Norrtåg SJ SJ SJ Norrtåg SJ SJ SJ SJ Norrtåg Norrtåg Norrtåg Norrtåg Norrtåg 22 nov 2021-11 dec 2021 2 Snabbtåg Snabbtåg Snabbtåg 2 Snabbtåg Snabbtåg Snabbtåg Snabbtåg 2 2 2 2 2 Tågnummer 7501 591 567 593 7503 597 10595 595 575 7505 7531 7521 7521 7531 Period 14/12-2/7 5/7-30/7 13/12-2/5 9/5-5/12 3/4 25/12-1/1 22/11-10/12 Dagar M-F M-F Dagl M-F M-F L SoH SoH Dagl M-F SoH L SoH km Går även / Går ej 3 4 5 6 7 0 fr Heimdal 5 fr Marienborg 7 fr Skansen 9 t Trondheim Sentral 9 fr Trondheim Sentral 21 fr Vikhammar 32 fr Hommelvik 41 fr Hell 51 fr Hegra 81 fr Gudå 90 fr Meråker 97 fr Kopperå 115 t Storlien 115 fr Storlien 128 fr Enafors 140 fr Ånn 163 t Duved 163 fr Duved 6.00 7.43 8.00 172 t Åre 6.07 | 8.07 172 fr Åre 6.08 7.55 p 8.08 185 fr Undersåker 6.17 | 8.17 198 fr Järpen 6.27 | 8.36 209 fr Mörsil 6.35 | 8.44 256 fr Krokom 7.03 | 9.12 276 fr Östersund Västra 7.18 | 9.26 277 t Östersund C 7.21 9.09 9.29 277 fr Östersund C 5.19 5.34 7.01 7.22 7.33 9.20 9.20 9.26 9.30 9.30 9.31 292 fr Brunflo 5.28 | | 7.32 | | | 9.36 9.39 9.39 9.39 310 fr Pilgrimstad 5.40 | | 7.44 | | | 9.48 9.51 9.51 9.51 325 fr Gällö 5.51 | | 7.56 | | | 9.59 10.02 10.02 10.02 337 fr Stavre 6.00 | | 8.05 | | | 10.08 10.10 10.10 10.10 348 fr Bräcke 6.08 6.16 7.46 8.13 8.20 10.02 10.02 10.16 10.18 10.18 10.18 378 t Ånge 6.27 6.33 8.03 8.30 8.38 10.20 10.20 10.32 10.34 10.34 10.34 378 fr Ånge
    [Show full text]
  • MS Estonia with the Visor and Bow Doors Open the MS Estonia Was A
    MS Estonia with the visor and bow doors open The MS Estonia was a cruise ferry. The ship sank in 1994 during her journey from Tallinn to Stockholm. It is the deadliest shipwreck disaster to have occurred in the Baltic Sea in peacetime, costing 852 lives. On September 28 at about 01:15, the visor at the bow separated which resulted that the large ship's bow door opened. The ship immediately took on a heavy starboard list to initial 30 to 40 degrees. 15 minutes later, the ship had rolled 90 degrees and sunk within 45 minutes. Of the 989 on board, 138 were rescued alive, but one died later in hospital. Those are the official figures given to the public. Conspiracy theories exist about the cause of the sinking. German journalist Jutta Rabe claims that laboratory tests on debris recovered illegally from Estonia's bow yielded trace evidence of a deliberate explosion. Additionally, she insists that Swedish, British, and Russian governments tried to smuggle military hardware via the civilian ferry. In 2004, a former Swedish customs officer claimed that Estonia had been used to transport military equipment. Carl Övberg, a survivor and frequent passenger, reported that on the day of travel the harbor had been sealed off and that a military convoy had escorted two large trucks to the waiting ferry. Although more than 500 Swedes were among the 852 reported dead, the Swedish government has blocked every effort to recover the bodies from the wreck. Even an early offer by a Norwegian diving company to retrieve the bodies at cost was rejected.
    [Show full text]
  • Approaches to Road Network Vulnerability Analysis
    Approaches to Road Network Vulnerability Analysis Erik Jenelius Licentiate Thesis in Infrastructure with specialisation in Transport and Location Analysis November 2007 Division of Transport and Location Analysis Department of Transport and Economics Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden TRITA-TEC-LIC 07-002 ISSN 1653-445X ISBN 13: 978-91-85539-24-6 ISBN 10: 91-85539-24-4 Akademisk avhandling som med tillstånd av Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Stockholm framlägges till offentlig granskning för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen tisdagen den 6 november 2007 kl 13.00 i sal V-sem, Teknikringen 78A, 1 tr, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm. www.infra.kth.se/~jenelius/ © Erik Jenelius 2007 Jenelius, E., 2007, Approaches to Road Network Vulnerability Analysis. Depart- ment of Transport and Economics, KTH, Stockholm. ISBN 10: 91-85539-24-4. Abstract Incidents in the road transport system can have large negative consequences for the society and the business community. The basic aim of vulnerability analysis is to identify scenarios that i) would lead to severe consequences, and ii) have some likelihood of being realized in the future. The Thesis proposes two main approaches to vulnerability analysis. The first significant component of the analysis is to identify important links in the road net- work, i.e., links where a disruption would lead to severe consequences. The second component is to identify exposed users, i.e., users for which the consequences of a disruption would be particularly severe. Paper I introduces the concepts of importance and exposure and how they can be operationalized in terms of increased travel time when road links are closed.
    [Show full text]
  • Primcareit WP6 Output 6.1 List of Important Stakeholders in Ehealth Policy Processes and Implementation
    PrimCareIT WP6 Output 6.1 List of important stakeholders in eHealth policy processes and implementation. Updated April,26, 2013 Name Title/Affiliation e-mail adress Country Ludmila Zhilevich Head of the Department of PHC, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus [email protected] Belarus Vadim Sushinskiy Main Therapist, Ministry Of Health ofThe Republic of Belarus - Belarus Zinoviy Gozman Deputy Head of the Healthcare Department, Minsk Executive Committee - Belarus Yuriy Demidchik Rector of BelMAPO [email protected] Belarus Tatiana Kalinina Deputy Rector of BelMAPO [email protected] Belarus Dmitriy Shevcov Deputy House of Representatives of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus; Chairman of the Belarusian Doctors Association - - Belarus Valentin Tocheniy Chief Executive Doctor, Ostrovets Central Regional Hospital [email protected] Belarus Aliaksandr Maksimiuk Chairman, Belarusian Association of General Practitioners [email protected] Belarus Diana Ingerainen ESFD Chair; GP [email protected] Estonia Peeter Ross Associate Professor at Tallin University of Technology [email protected] Estonia Tanel Ross Estonian Health Insurance Fund;Chair person [email protected] Estonia Ivi Normet Ministry of Social Affairs, Deputy Secretary General on Health [email protected] Estonia Taavi Rõivas Minister of Social Affairs [email protected] Estonia Madis Tiik ESFD Chair Person; GP [email protected] Estonia Maret Maripuu Member of Parliament Social commetee [email protected] Estonia Margus Tsahkna Member of Parlament;
    [Show full text]
  • Criminal Background Check Procedures
    Shaping the future of international education New Edition Criminal Background Check Procedures CIS in collaboration with other agencies has formed an International Task Force on Child Protection chaired by CIS Executive Director, Jane Larsson, in order to apply our collective resources, expertise, and partnerships to help international school communities address child protection challenges. Member Organisations of the Task Force: • Council of International Schools • Council of British International Schools • Academy of International School Heads • U.S. Department of State, Office of Overseas Schools • Association for the Advancement of International Education • International Schools Services • ECIS CIS is the leader in requiring police background check documentation for Educator and Leadership Candidates as part of the overall effort to ensure effective screening. Please obtain a current police background check from your current country of employment/residence as well as appropriate documentation from any previous country/countries in which you have worked. It is ultimately a school’s responsibility to ensure that they have appropriate police background documentation for their Educators and CIS is committed to supporting them in this endeavour. It is important to demonstrate a willingness and effort to meet the requirement and obtain all of the paperwork that is realistically possible. This document is the result of extensive research into governmental, law enforcement and embassy websites. We have tried to ensure where possible that the information has been obtained from official channels and to provide links to these sources. CIS requests your help in maintaining an accurate and useful resource; if you find any information to be incorrect or out of date, please contact us at: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Memorandum on Measures Taken Following the Sinking of Car Ferry Ms Estonia and Plan for Joint Action in the Nordic Countries
    MEMORANDUM ON MEASURES TAKEN FOLLOWING THE SINKING OF CAR FERRY MS ESTONIA AND PLAN FOR JOINT ACTION IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES Working group on bow doors Maritime Department Helsinki 1994 MEMORANDUM ON MEASURES TAKEN FOLLOWING THE SINKING OF CAR FERRY MS ESTONIA AND PLAN FOR JOINT ACTION IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES On 28 September 1994 an ad-hoc meeting led by minister of transportation Ole convened to discuss immediate measures to be taken following the sinking Norrback of car ferry Estonia. It was pointed out at the meeting that all passenger vessels regularly calling at Finnish ports are subjected to safety inspections. These inspections also include foreign vessels. The inspections are based on both international conventions and national legislation. As a response to the Estonia disaster, the parties decided on the following additional measures to be taken: 1. Inspection of bow doors in Finnish car and rail ferries The National Board of Navigation was to inspect urgently the bow and stern doors of all car and rail ferries that fly the Finnish flag and call at Finnish ports. The inspection was to include both condition and functioning of the doors as well as their alarm and monitoring systems and was to be completed within a week. The National Board of Navigation was also to verify that the passenger vessels, car and rail ferries maintain such routines that the closing of all cargo doors is secured before departure. These inspections were completed by October 8th, as follows: Vessel Year of Build Type of bow door Date Cinderella -89 butterfly type 29.09.
    [Show full text]
  • The MS Estonia Sinking Was Planned
    return to updates The MS Estonia Sinking was Planned by Miles Mathis First published March 12, 2021 As usual, this is just my opinion, based on personal research. This paper is by request. Just a cursory glance at the facts is enough to peg this sinking as another purposeful scuttling by the ship's owners, to get rid of an old, damaged ship and collect insurance money. Which of course means the deaths were faked. For the MO here, consult my papers on the Titanic, the Lusitania , and the Hindenburg, where we saw their demises were also faked or planned. Unlike in the other stories, Wikipedia doesn't give us much to work with here, but the biggest clues there are the signs of a coverup. As with the Lusitania, the wreckage of the Estonia was immediately hidden by the governments of Sweden, Finland, and Estonia, proving they were in on the fake. The Estonia Agreement 1995, a treaty among Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Denmark, Russia and the United Kingdom, declared sanctity over the site, prohibiting their citizens from even approaching the wreck. That is enough by itself to peg this as a conjob. If there was nothing to hide, that fake “sanctity” would not be necessary. We always see the same phony appeals to the sanctity of the dead in these cons, possibly the worst of them in the aftermath of 911, where we were told asking any questions or expecting any investigations was an insult to the dead. Just the opposite of the truth, of course, since if these people were really dead, both their ghosts and their families would want a full investigation.
    [Show full text]