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The Hungarian Scientist V. Prőhle‟S Researches on the Bashkir Language As a Valuable Source for the Exploratationof the History of the Language

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The Hungarian Scientist V. Prőhle‟S Researches on the Bashkir Language As a Valuable Source for the Exploratationof the History of the Language International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-1S4, June 2019 The Hungarian Scientist V. Prőhle‟s Researches on the Bashkir Language as a Valuable Source for the Exploratationof the History of the Language Latypova Rida Marsovna, Samir khanova Gulkay Khaidarovna, Suleymanova Luiza Raufovna, Safiullina Luisa Michailovna, Absalyamova Liliya Faritovna ABSTRACT---The article describes the results of the The question why the Hungarian scientist chose the Hungarian savant Vilmos Prőhle’s scientific research. At the Bashkir language as an object of his research arouses much beginning of XX century he provided full information about the interest. phonetic, grammatical and lexical peculiarities of the Bashkir At that time there existed several versions of the language on a European level. The analysis of the work demonstrates V. Prőhle’s deep knowledge about the specificity of ethnogenesis of the Bashkirs. On the one hand, there is the learning language. This work is the first systemic grammar of nothing surprising in the interest in the Bashkir language, the Bashkir language; it plays an important role in the history of because he was a Türkologist by education, and, besides language (ed.). Bashkir, he also described the Karachai and Balkar Keywords: the Bashkir language; a written source; the history languages. But there is another version. On the basis of one of language; phonetics; vocabulary; grammar. of them – the “Ugor-Magyar” hypothesis, scientists give rise to the problem of Bashkir-Magyar relations. The ancient I. INTRODUCTION sources written in IX-XI centuries justify that the Bashkirs Despite of the fact that the Bashkir language was one of occupied the territory of the Southern Urals. According to the least studied Turkiс languages before the Revolution, it other data, the Southern-Western Urals were inhabited by is an object of interest far beyond the country. The first the Ugric (including the old Hungarian) tribes (9, р. 16-38). known facts about the Bashkirs were already known to These data caused the appearance of the version under Western Europe in XVIII century because there were a good consideration. The scientists who created and developed the many members of the Western countries (2, 13, 14)among “Ugor-Magyar” hypothesis of the origin of the Bashkirs are those who held the staff position in the Russian Imperial the following: I. Strahlenberg (1730), I. Fisher (1774), A.L. Academy. It can also be explained by the close cooperation Schlözer (1813), S. Klaproth (1826), P.J. Šafárik (1847), of scientists from different countries. F.W. Humboldt, M.A. Castrén (1857), D.A. Chwolson The famous Hungarian savant Vilmos Prőhle occupies a (1869) etc. At the end of XIX century the version about the peculiar position among the foreign linguists who Turkic origin of the Bashir people was dominant, but H. investigate the Bashkir language. He visited Bashkortostan Vámbéry (1885) andW.Weissenberg (1892) wrote about the in the summer of 1901. V. Prőhle studied the Bashkir presence of the Ugor (or Magyar) component in its language from the scientific point of view, analyzed its ethnogenesis in their works (9, р.19-21). We can presuppose phonetic and morphological peculiarities, compiled a that V. Prőhle investigated the Bashkir language in order to Bashkir-Hungarian dictionary (8, р. 48). clarify this very matter. V. Prőhle’s work called “Researches on the Bashkir Language” was published in Volumes IV-V of the periodical “Keleti Szemle” (“Eastern Review”) issued Revised Manuscript Received on June 10, 2019. regularly in Budapest during the period 1903-1904 (15, 16). Latypova Rida Marsovna, associate professor, candidate of philology, associate рrofessor of the Sibay institute of the Bashkir State V. Prőhle compiled the linguistic material among the University, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibai, 89279262575, (rida- ordinary people. But, unfortunately, Ufa and Belebei [email protected];) districts heavily exerted by the Tatar language were taken as Samirkhanova Gulkay Khaidarovna, candidate of philology, associate рrofessor of the Sibay institute of the Bashkir State University, the research areas. Therefore in the “Researches on the Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibai, 89374916745, Bashkir Language” we can observe several cases of ([email protected];) representing Bashkir words in the Tatar language. For Suleymanova Luiza Raufovna, associate professor, candidate of example: килмәс – cf. Bash.lit.:килмәҫ(won’t come), philology, associate рrofessor of the Sibay institute of the Bashkir State University, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibai, 89279634588, калмас – cf. Bash.lit.: ҡалмаҫ(won’t stay) etc. M. ([email protected];) Umetbaev and S. Sultanov provided V. Prőhle assistance in Safiullina Luisa Michailovna, associate professor, candidate of writing his work (10, р. 164). philology, associate рrofessor of the Sibay institute of the Bashkir State University, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibai, 89273297022, ([email protected];) Absalyamova Liliya Faritovna,candidate of philology, associate рrofessor of the Sibay institute of the Bashkir State University, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibai, 89273096710, ([email protected].) Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: A11610681S419/19©BEIESP 872 & Sciences Publication The Hungarian Scientist V. Prőhle‟s Researches on the Bashkir Language as a Valuable Source for the Exploratation of the History of the Language II. THE REFLECTION OF BASHKIR PHONETICS The scientist pays attention to the fact that some short IN V. PRŐHLE‟S RESEARCHES vowels weaken and undergo partial reduction in the course The research work consists of three parts: 1) Phonetics of speech, for example, bėlämėn // b'lämėn [беләмен // (“Наngtan”); 2) Morphology (“Аlfktan”); 3) Vocabulary б'ләмен] (I know), indė-lägėnä // indė-läg'nä [инде-ләгенә (“Szojegyzek”). // инде-ләг'нә] (even if now), kаjdalaγēna // kаjdalaγ'na “The Bashkir language” is written in the Hungarian [ҡайдалағына // ҡайдалағ'на] (wherever), käkụk sаkēra // language, the Bashkir words are based on Latin script. The sаk'ra [кәкүк саҡыра // саҡ'ра] (a coockoo is calling), scientist represented the sounds, which occured in the kоrаlаr // k'rаlаr [ҡоралар // ҡ'ралар] (are setting/putting speech of the Bashkirs living in Ufa region, by 36 letters: up) etc. а[а], ạ [å], ā[аа], ä[ә], b [б], č[ч], з[ж (high)], d [д], δ [ҙ], ė V. Prőhle wrote about the presence of the diphthongs [ау] [е], ē [ы], f [ф], g[г], γ [ғ], h [һ], χ [х], i[и], j [й],k [к], [ҡ], l (һаjrau [һайрау] (bird singing)), [әү] (jäšäụ [йәшәү] [л], m [м], n [н],η [ң], о [о], ö[ө], р [п], r [р], s[с], š[ш], (living)), [ыу] (jаδėu [йаҙыў] (writing)), [еү] (kilėụ [килеү] t[т], ν [ҫ], u [у], ụ [ү], w [ў], [ү], z [з], ž [ж (low)]. (coming)) in the Bashkir language. He pointed to their The unit “Phonetics” consists of six parts which are origin from the combinations of sounds [ағ], [ығ], [уғ], [ег], devoted to the description of the sound system of the [иг], [үг], preserved in some Turkic languages: in Bashkir – Bashkir language, sound changes in speech and һаu [һаў] (healthy), in the Chagatai language – саγ [сағ], in accentuation. In this unit pronunciation of sounds is the language of the Osman Turks – саγ [сағ] // сā' [сааъ]. thoroughly described; it is illustrated in comparison with the The Hungarian scientist clearly undertands that one of the material of other languages. main peculiarities of the Bashkir language is the law of The author tried to mark each sound with a sign. Taking synharmonism. He points out that if there is a low vowel in into account the articulatory conditions, he paid attention to the root of the word, only low vowels are used in affixes, different pronunciation variants of the the phoneme [a] in and if there is a high vowel in the root of the word, affixes the Bashkir language, separated each variant with diactric can get only high vowels. Still, back and front vowels, high marks: a - when itis pronounced as in the words tērnаk and low are different: аtlаr [атлар] (horses), sаlγēlar [тырнаҡ] (nail), jērаk [йыраҡ]; ạ - when it is pronounced [салғылар] (scythes), kоšlаr [ҡошлар] (birds), kụδlär shortly as in the Hungarian language, close to the phoneme [күҙләр] (eyes), säskälärėm [сәскәләрем] (my flowers), [o] a little bit (N.K. Dmitriev, not fully agreeing with V. könėm [көнем] (my day), kụδėm [күҙем] (my eye) etc. Prőhle’s point of view in his work “The Grammar of the Particles can also be low and high, depending on the vowels Bashkir Language”, points out that the Hungarian sound in the root of the word: да/дә, та/тә; -дыр/-дер, [а] is shorter; the labialized sound [а] is pronounced with a ғына/генә, ҡына/кенә, ла ғына/лә генә, дин/дын. half-long stay in the Bashkir language.)(3, р. 8), for The following marks were used for the specific Bashkir example, ạtа [ата] (father), tоrnạ [торна] (crane), uvạl consonants: δ[ҙ], γ [ғ], һ[һ], η [ң] ν [ҫ], w[у] and [ү]. [уҫал] (angry). The linguist considers that the phoneme [а:] Undoubtedly, it is commendable that the author marked the (long а) occurs in the words borrowed from foreign sound [ў] by a certain sign (w). But, unfortunately, it is not languages. He uses the sign ā for it. For example, taken into account in modern Bashkir writing. In the work зämāl[жәмаал] – in the modern literary language: ямал under consideration the sound [ҡ] is not marked by a (Yamal); зān [жаан] – йән (soul). separate sign: the letter kdenotes the sounds [к] and [ҡ]. The rest of the vowels are represented as follows: Apparently, the author intended to distinguish these sounds [ә]: he marks this sound putting two dots on the letter a, on the basis of the law of synharmonism. The author was likeRussian missioners: ä(bäläkäj [бәләкәй] (small), bälä aware of the allophonic nature of the relationship of these [бәлә] (misfortune, trouble), bändä[бәндә]) (man, human); two sounds depending on the inline characteristics of the [е] and [ы] differ by the size of the dot, put on the modern surrounding vowels (11, р.
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