Environmental Justice Opportunity Assessment and Analysis
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Contractor’s Report to the Board Environmental Justice Opportunity Assessment and Analysis December 2004 Produced under contract by: Center for Justice, Tolerance and Community University of California Santa Cruz Zero Waste—You Make It Happen! S TATE OF C ALIFORNIA Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor Alan C. Lloyd, Ph. D. Secretary, California Environmental Protection Agency • INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT BOARD Rosario Marin Linda Moulton-Patterson Rosalie Mulé Board Chair Board Member Board Member Michael Paparian Cheryl Peace Carl Washington Board Member Board Member Board Member • Mark Leary Executive Director For additional copies of this publication, contact: Integrated Waste Management Board Public Affairs Office, Publications Clearinghouse (MS–6) 1001 I Street P.O. Box 4025 Sacramento, CA 95812-4025 www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/ 1-800-CA-WASTE (California only) or (916) 341-6306 Publication #520-04-008 Printed on recycled paper containing a minimum of 30 percent postconsumer fiber. Copyright © 2004 by the California Integrated Waste Management Board. All rights reserved. This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission. Prepared as part of contract no. IWM-C0206 (total contract amount: $78,473, includes other services). The California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB) does not discriminate on the basis of disability in access to its programs. CIWMB publications are available in accessible formats upon request by calling the Public Affairs Office at (916) 341-6300. Persons with hearing impairments can reach the CIWMB through the California Relay Service, 1-800-735-2929. Join Governor Schwarzenegger to Keep California Rolling. Every Californian can help to reduce energy and fuel consumption. For a list of simple ways you can reduce demand and cut your energy and fuel costs, Flex Your Power and visit www.fypower.com. Disclaimer: This report to the Board was produced under contract by The Center for Justice, Tolerance and Community at the University of California Santa Cruz. The statements and conclusions contained in this report are those of the contractor and not necessarily those of the California Integrated Waste Management Board, its employees, or the State of California and should not be cited or quoted as official Board policy or direction. The State makes no warranty, expressed or implied, and assumes no liability for the information contained in the succeeding text. Any mention of commercial products or processes shall not be construed as an endorsement of such products or processes. Acknowledgements The Center for Justice, Tolerance, and Community is grateful for the valuable contribution of each of the skilled researchers, many of them leaders themselves in the environmental justice community, that collaborated on this project: Manuel Pastor Rachel Rosner Martha Matsuoka Tony Lopresti Marta Segura Bahram Fazeli Breana George We also express our gratitude to those community leaders that shared their time and thoughts with us throughout the research process. Finally, we appreciate the thoughtful support we received from Romel Pascual and Malinda Hall with the California Environmental Protection Agency in the earlier phases of the project and the feedback we received from California Integrated Waste Management Board staff in completing the report. i ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... i 1. Executive Summary.................................................................................................................. 1 Project Summary........................................................................................................................1 Report Summary ........................................................................................................................1 2. Introduction and Context .......................................................................................................... 8 What is Environmental Justice?.................................................................................................8 The California Landscape: Emerging and Innovative EJ issues in California .........................8 Local and Regional Cases .......................................................................................................10 Statewide Cases .......................................................................................................................13 3. Environmental Justice and the CIWMB ................................................................................. 15 The General State of Environmental Justice in California......................................................15 What have studies found? ........................................................................................................16 What research is available about CIWMB-regulated sites and contemporary demographics?.........................................................................................................................18 Multivariate Analysis...............................................................................................................20 Some Key Caveats....................................................................................................................22 Implications .............................................................................................................................23 4. Community Issues and Perceptions ........................................................................................ 25 Confidence in the Public Participation Process......................................................................26 Level of Clarity ........................................................................................................................26 Engagement of Environmental Justice Communities...............................................................27 Relationship With Government Officials .................................................................................28 Investment in the Community...................................................................................................29 5. Effective Community-Competency Participation Strategies: Five Key Building Blocks ...... 31 Background..............................................................................................................................31 Building Blocks ........................................................................................................................33 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................39 6. Best Practices: Community Approaches and Tools................................................................ 41 Policy: Applying Principles .....................................................................................................41 Stakeholder Research: Needs Assessment ...............................................................................43 Education: Capacity-Building and Two-Way Learning ..........................................................45 The Citizens Jury Process........................................................................................................48 Marketing: Communication Strategies ....................................................................................50 Accessibility: Outreach Processes and Appropriate Resources ..............................................54 Evaluation: Measurability and Accountability........................................................................58 iii 7. Recommendations and Conclusion......................................................................................... 61 Overarching Recommendations...............................................................................................61 Community-Competency Recommendations............................................................................61 Best Practices Recommendations ............................................................................................62 8. Appendix A: Environmental Justice Policies of the California Air Resources Board: An Example of the Process of Design and Implementation ................................................... 65 Listening to Community Members ...........................................................................................65 Consulting With Environmental Justice Stakeholders .............................................................66 Providing Technical Assistance...............................................................................................66 Participating in Community Tours ..........................................................................................66 Adopting the Measures ............................................................................................................67 Implementing the Policies........................................................................................................68 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................70 9. Appendix B: Guidelines for Successful Stakeholder Advisory Boards.................................. 71 Building Block #1: Early Formation of Advisory Groups .......................................................71