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Posebnosti Podatkov in Potrebnih Storitev Informacijskega Sistema Na Področju Kriminologije

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Posebnosti Podatkov in Potrebnih Storitev Informacijskega Sistema Na Področju Kriminologije UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA BIBLIOTEKARSTVO, INFORMACIJSKO ZNANOST IN KNJIGARSTVO Seminarska naloga: POSEBNOSTI PODATKOV IN POTREBNIH STORITEV INFORMACIJSKEGA SISTEMA NA PODROČJU KRIMINOLOGIJE Predmet: Informacijski viri za družboslovje Mentor: dr. Jure Dimec Pripravila: Irena Brezovar Gosar Ljubljana, januar 2010 KAZALO KAZALO ................................................................................................................................... 2 KAZALO SLIK.......................................................................................................................... 2 POVZETEK ............................................................................................................................... 3 1 UVOD ................................................................................................................................ 3 2 INFORMACIJSKI SISTEM ZA KRIMINOLOGIJO ....................................................... 3 2.1 Kaj je kriminologija?.................................................................................................. 4 3 PREDSTAVITEV INFORMACIJSKIH SISTEMOV....................................................... 4 3.1 Informacijski sistemi v Policiji .................................................................................. 4 3.2 Informacijski sistemi v izobraževalnih organizacijah................................................ 8 3.3 ProQuest - baza povzetkov......................................................................................... 9 3.4 Informacijski sistemi, ki nudijo vire s področja kriminologije .................................. 9 3.5 Iskanje virov preko WIKIPEDIE............................................................................. 11 4 IDEALNI INFORMACIJSKI SISTEM ZA KRIMINOLOGIJO .................................... 12 5 ZAKLJUČEK................................................................................................................... 13 6 VIRI.................................................................................................................................. 14 KAZALO SLIK Slika 1: Spletna stran slovenske Policije.................................................................................... 5 Slika 2: Delovna področja slovenske policije. ........................................................................... 5 Slika 3: World Criminal Justice Library Network. ................................................................... 8 Slika 4: Dikul, rezultati poizvedbe............................................................................................. 9 Slika 5: Intute, rezultati poizvedbe........................................................................................... 10 Slika 6: Informacijski viri, dostopni s spletne strani Florida State University. ....................... 11 POVZETEK Informacijski sistemi so zgrajeni z namenom, da bi podprli delo posamezne znanstvene vede, raziskovalcev, strokovnih delavcev in uslužbencev. Idealni sistemi bi morali vsebovati informacijske vire, ki so v tesni povezavi s stroko in vse vire, ki se stroke dotikajo. Pregledali smo znanstveno področje kriminologije, interdisciplinarne vede, ki je tesno povezana z psihologijo, sociologijo, kazenskim pravom, ekonomijo in se po potrebi ukvarja tudi z vsemi ostalimi znanstvenimi vedami. Kriminologija preučuje kazniva dejanja in njihove povzročitelje, zato je delovanje služb v okviru kriminologije javnosti skrito. V nalogi smo opisali nekaj splošnih informacijskih sistemov, ki nudijo informacije s področja kriminologije. Kriminalistični informacijski sistemi so tajni, zato jih v nalogi nismo opisali. Raziskavo smo izvedli tako, da smo pregledali različne spletne vire s pomočjo iskanja po vsebinskih oznakah. Ugotovili smo, da informacijski sistemi, ki obstajajo v okviru različnih izobraževalnih institucij, ki izobražujejo osebje za kriminalistične poklice ali pravnike, ki se ukvarjajo s kazenskim pravom, obsegajo najbolj raznolike informacijske vire. Zelo široko so organizirani informacijski sistemi pri nacionalnih policijah, ki so namenjeni tako informiranju javnosti kot osnovnemu informiranju policijskih služb. Zelo dobre in raznovrstne informacijske sisteme imajo tudi specialne knjižnice, ki se ukvarjajo s kriminologijo, na primer ljubljanska knjižnica Instituta za kriminologijo pri Pravni fakulteti. 1 UVOD Kriminologija je znanstveno področje, ki spada v družboslovno vedo. Je izrazito interdisciplinarna veda, združuje mnoge znanstvene panoge in njihove izsledke uporablja pri svojem delu. Strokovnjaki na področju kriminologije morajo poznati veliko različnih področij in njihova znanja združevati. V seminarski nalogi bomo pregledali nekatere prosto dostopne informacijske vire in presodili kako kvalitetni so in katerim uporabniškim skupinam na področju kriminologije nudijo podporo. Delo kriminalističnih služb povsod po svetu spada med zaupne službe, zato nismo uspeli dobiti informacij o vseh konkretnih informacijskih virih, ki jih različne službe dejansko uporabljajo. Predvidevamo, da zaradi narave dela in varovanja osebnih podatkov, mnogi od teh virov niso prosto dostopni. 2 INFORMACIJSKI SISTEM ZA KRIMINOLOGIJO Informacijski viri, ki pokrivajo delovanje služb s področja kriminologije so tako raznoliki kot je njihovo delo. Najprej si moramo razjasniti kaj je kriminologija, da bomo znali uskladiti področje kriminologije z informacijskimi viri, ki njihovo delo podpirajo. 2.1 Kaj je kriminologija? Beseda kriminologija je sestavljenka iz latinske besede crimen, kar pomeni obdolžiti in grške besede logia. Beseda pomeni znanstveno raziskovanje nezaželenega in kaznivega človeškega obnašanja in vzrokov ter posledice kriminalnega vedenja posameznika ali skupine. Interdisciplinarna veda združuje psihologijo, predvsem vedenjsko in kognitivno psihologijo, psihoanalizo, sociologijo, kazensko pravo, primerjalno pravo in ekonomijo. Vse posamezne vede združuje skupno obravnavanje obnašanja, ki ga družbene norme in zakonodaja označujeta za neprimerno in kaznivo. Kriminologija preučuje vse oblike neprimernega in delikventnega vedenja, njegove vzroke, delovanje, posledice in vplive na družbo. V preučevanje posameznika vključuje posledice, ki se odražajo v družbi in družbene reakcije na kazniva dejanja. Posamezna dejanja so razvrščena med kazniva dejanja na podlagi družbenih običajev, norm in kazenske zakonodaje. Kriminologija je postala znanstvena veda konec 19. stoletja. Različni načini iskanja vzrokov za nastanek kriminalnega vedenja delijo kriminologijo na posamezne šole, ki so pri preučevanju kriminalnega vedenja izpostavljale na prva mesta različne vzroke. Nekatere šole so vzroke za kriminaliteto iskale v psihologiji posameznika, notranjih vzgibih, druge so poudarjale zunanje vzroke. Vse šole pa so povezovale svoja preučevanja z trenutno državno kazensko regulativo. Kriminologija ni le znanstvena veda, družbeno pomembnejši je praktični del kriminologije, ki odkriva kriminaliteto v družbi, išče osebe in skupine, ki se ukvarjajo s kriminalnimi dejanji in preučuje vzroke in posledice kriminalnega vedenja. S kriminologijo se ukvarjajo razne policijske službe, kriminalistična in forenzična policija in kazensko pravne službe. 3 PREDSTAVITEV INFORMACIJSKIH SISTEMOV 3.1 Informacijski sistemi v Policiji V nadaljevanju bomo predstavili različne informacijske sisteme, ki jih uporabljajo različne skupine uporabnikov v vsakodnevnem raziskovanju kaznivih dejanj. Najprej poglejmo informacijske sisteme, ki podpirajo delovanje kriminologije v Sloveniji. V Sloveniji deluje kriminalistična policija pod okriljem Ministrstva za notranje zadeve, kot celovite institucije. Na spletni strani www.policija.si , si poglejmo kako je stran organizirana in katere informacije o kriminalistični službi lahko dobimo (Slika 1). Slika 1: Spletna stran slovenske Policije. Spletna stran policije je zasnovana tako, da bo predstavljala delo policije in je namenjena predvsem prebivalstvi in ne samim policistom. Vseeno na tej strani dobimo nekaj podatkov o kriminalističnem delu. Slika 2: Delovna področja slovenske policije. Na uradni spletni strani policije so razvrščena delovna področja, ki spadajo med policijske službe, ena izmed njih je kriminalistika. Na sliki 2 vidimo izsek iz preventivnih dejavnosti kriminalistične policije. Informacijski viri, ki jih uporabljajo različne kriminalistične službe in so hkrati prosto dostopne javnosti, so dostopne preko skupnega portala Policije. Informacijski vir vsebuje informacije o zakonodaji: - Povezava http://www.policija.si/index.php/zakonodaja-in-dokumenti , vsebuje informacije o zakonodaji, različnih dokumentih, splošne podatke o organu in informacijah javnega značaja, seznam državnih zakonov in predpisov Evropske skupnosti. - Informacijski vir vsebuje tudi podzakonske predpise, ki urejajo medsebojne odnose v družbi, na primer kolektivne pogodbe. - Predloge predpisov, mednarodne predpise in zakonodajo. V okviru spletnega vira Policije je dobro pregledna povezava tudi na druge uporabne informacijske vire. Te povezave dajejo kriminalističnim službam učinkovite informacije s področja zakonodaje, državne ureditve, raznih predpisov in nudijo povezave na druge institucije. Povezave so razdeljene na državne ustanove, policijske organizacije, policijska združenja, pravne vire in ostalo: Državne ustanove v RS: - E-uprava - Ustanove državne in javne uprave na internetu - Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve - Varuh človekovih pravic - Informacijski pooblaščenec EU (ustanove, predpisi, publikacije):
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