COLUMBIA COUNTY DATA PROFILE 2019 1 County Overview Demographics 2

County Population Change Population Change by Municipality 2017 % Change +0.2% 0.0% City +5.9% -2.6% +15.5% Population Since 2000 Hudson 6,452 -14.2% Town ------

59,487 62,982 63,094 63,096 61,481 Ancram 1,330 -12.1% Austerlitz 1,490 2.5% Canaan 1,751 -3.8% Chatham 3,978 -6.4% 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 Claverack 5,824 -8.9% Source: Decennial Census 1980 -2010; ACS, 2017 Clermont 2,028 17.1% Copake 3,522 7.4%

Age Pyramid Gallatin 1,685 12.4% Germantown 1,883 -6.7% 2000 2017 Ghent 5,255 -0.3% % of Male 85 + % of Female Population 80 to 84 Population 75 to 79 Greenport 4,167 -0.3% 70 to 74 65 to 69 Hillsdale 1,682 -3.6% 60 to 64 55 to 59 Kinderhook 1.1% 50 to 54 8,393 45 to 49 40 to 44 Livingston 3,563 4.1% 35 to 39 30 to 34 New Lebanon -3.5% 25 to 29 2,367 20 to 24 15 to 19 Stockport 2,725 -7.1% 10 to 14 5 to 9 Stuyvesant 2,280 4.2% < 5 5% 10% 10% 5% Taghkanic 1,106 -1.1% Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017

The population of Columbia County has remained relatively constant in the past several decades. Like many counties in the region, Columbia is currently experiencing population decline, decreasing by 2.6% since 2010. About half of municipalities in Columbia County experienced population growth DatsinceNotes2000. The Town of Clermont had the largest percentage population growth, increasing by 17.1% from 2000 to 2017. The City of Hudson experienced the greatest population decline, decreasing by 14.2% since 2000. 3 Population Density

County Population 61,481

Source: DecennialAmerican CommunityCensus 2000; Survey ACS 2016(ACS), 2017 Demographics 4

Race & Ethnicity Place of Birth

Born Non-Citizen 3% Region of Birth of 91% Abroad Naturalized 4% White 88% Foreign-Born 87% Elsewhere in Population the U.S. 21% Other 6% 4% Black 4% Latin 4% America 36% 1% Asian 2% Africa 2% 2% New York Asia 72% 20% Hispanic 3% 4% States United the in Born & Latino 5% 2000 Europe 35% 1% 2010 Other 2% 2017 3% Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Language Spoken at Home Marital Status by Age Group

3% 1% 1% English 70% 2% 63% 61% 61% 59% 60%

Spanish, and speak 50% English "very well" 40% Other language, and 29% 30% 25% speak English "very well" 20% 93% Spanish, speak English less than "very well" of % Group Age Married 10% 0% Other language, speak Age 20 to 34 Age 35 to 44 Age 45 to 54 English less than "very well" 2010 2017

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

As seen on the population density map, the City of Hudson and the areas immediately around it is significantly more densely populated than the rest of the County, which is primarily rural. The vast majority (87%) of Columbia County residents are White. Racial and ethnic diversity is increasing at a slower rate in Columbia County relative to other counties in the region. 5 Economy

2017 Employment by Sector (Percent of total Employment)

Government / Public Administration Health Care & Social Assistance Retail Trade Accommodation & Food Services Manufacturing Construction Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Wholesale Trade Other Services (except Public Administration) Professional & Technical Services Transportation & Warehousing Admin & Support & Remediation Services Educational Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Finance & Insurance Management of Companies and Enterprises Information Real Estate & Rental & Leasing New York State Utilities Unclassified Columbia County 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Source: New York State Department of Labor

2017 Average Annual Wages by Sector

Utilities Management of Companies and Enterprises Professional & Technical Services Finance & Insurance Wholesale Trade Manufacturing Government / Public Administration Information Construction Health Care & Social Assistance Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Transportation & Warehousing Admin & Support & Remediation Services Other Services (except Public Administration) Retail Trade Educational Services Unclassified Arts, Entertainment & Recreation New York State Accommodation & Food Services Columbia County $0 $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $250,000 Source: New York State Department of Labor Economy 6

Unemployment Rate

12.0% United States New York State 10.0% Columbia County 8.0%

7.4% 7.3% 6.0% 7.1% 7.0% 6.0% 4.0% 4.8% 4.7% 4.2% 4.3% 4.4% 3.9% 3.7% 3.9% 4.0% 3.7% 3.8% 3.5% 3.5% 3.3% 2.0%

0.0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: New York State Department of Labor

Number of Businesses by Size of Business Median Household Income

$70,000

$60,000

1,113 $50,000 3 62% <1% $40,000 16 1% 117 $30,000 19 7% 1% $20,000 205 12% $10,000 310 17% $0 2000 2010 2017 1-4 employees 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 (Inflation (Inflation Adjusted) Adjusted) 50 to 99 100 to 249 250 or more Columbia County New York State United States Source: U.S. Census County Business Patterns Survey, 2016 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017

Wages in Columbia County are lower than the statewide average in every industry sector except Utilities. However, this industry sector only accounts for less than one percent of employment in Columbia County. In 2010, inflation adjusted median household income in Columbia County was slightly higher than the median household income of New York State. By 2017, median household income in Columbia County was slightly lower than the statewide median. 7 Income & Spending

The ALICE project by United Way is an effort to quantify and describe the number of households that are struggling financially that are typically not captured by traditional poverty metrics such as the Federal Poverty Level. ALICE stands for Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed. Those living in households below the ALICE threshold are employed and living above the federal poverty line but are still struggling to afford basic essentials. The Household Survival Budget is an estimate of the cost of household essentials.

ALICE Household Income Household Types by Income

30,000 14,000 12,000 25,000 10,000 20,000 61% 64% 60% 61% 8,000 65% 15,000 6,000

54% Households Households 10,000 4,000 60% 31% 27% 30% 29% 25% 5,000 2,000 24% 38% 11% 10% 16% 8% 0 8% 9% 9% 0 2010 2012 2014 2016 Single or Families with 65 and Older Cohabitating Children

Below Poverty Threshold Below Poverty Threshold Below ALICE Threshold Below ALICE Treshold Above ALICE Treshold Above ALICE Treshold Source: United Way, ALICE Project, 2016 Source: United Way, ALICE Project, 2016

ALICE Household Survival Budget

One Adult and One Two Adults and Two Single Adult Married Couple School-Aged Child School-Aged Children

Housing $695 $711 $711 $923 Child Care $0 $0 $688 $1,375 Food $182 $414 $344 $691 Transportation $341 $409 $409 $682 Health Care $213 $425 $487 $792 Miscellaneous $181 $244 $318 $532 Technology $55 $75 $55 $75 Taxes $323 $403 $486 $778 Monthly Total $1,990 $2,681 $3,498 $5,848 Annual Total $23,880 Data $32,172Notes $41,976 $70,176 Hourly Wage $11.94 $16.09 $20.99 $35.09 Source: United Way, ALICE Project, 2016 Income & Spending 8

Average Annual Household Spending

$3,529 Food away from home $756 Women’s Apparel

$5,169 Food at home $414 Men’s Apparel

$8,697 $2,164 Food & Drink $564 Alcoholic beverages Clothing $303 Children’s Apparel

$4,075 Health Insurance $1,019 Cable & TV

$779 Drugs & Vitamins $79 Movies / Museums / Parks

$6,219 $3,384 Health Care $498 Personal Care Products Entertainment $68 Theatre / Opera / Concerts

$205 Elementary & High School $1,129 Vehicle Maintenance

$955 College $2,415 Gasoline

$1,402 $8,332 Tuition $10 Vocational & Technical School Transportation $50 Road & Bridge Tolls Source: ESRI Business Analyst, 2017

Retail Leakage / Surplus

Bldg/Garden Equip/Supply Stores (NAICS 444) $24,763,695 Positive values represent a retail Miscellaneous Store Retailers (NAICS 453) $10,032,163 category where there is a surplus. Food and Beverage Stores (NAICS 445) -$1,317,850 In these retail categories, retail Sports/Hobby/Book/Music Stores (NAICS 451) -$4,887,978 sales in Colombia County are Electronics & Appliance Stores (NAICS 443) -$11,316,877 greater than household spending in Columbia County. Gasoline Stations (NAICS 447) -$14,350,847 Nonstore Retailers (NAICS 454) -$24,006,422 Negative values represent retail Furniture/Home Furnishing Stores (NAICS 442) -$26,271,000 categories where there is leakage. Health and Personal Care Stores (NAICS 446) -$32,663,987 In these retail categories, retail sales in Columbia County are Food Services & Drinking Places (NAICS 722) -$37,543,566 smaller than household spending General Merchandise Stores (NAICS 452) -$55,489,608 in Columbia County, indicating that Clothing/Accessories Stores (NAICS 448) -$61,476,982 Columbia County residents are Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (NAICS 441) -$122,971,480 shopping outside of the County in these retail categories. Total -$357,500,739

Source: ESRI Business Analyst, 2017 9 Median Household Income

County Median Income $61,093

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Income & Poverty 10

Median Household Income by Quintile Household Income Distribution

2010 $200,000 or more 5% (Inflation 2017 % Change $150,000 to $199,999 6% Adjusted) $100,000 to $149,999 15% Lowest Quintile $16,296 $15,010 -8% $75,000 to $99,999 14%

Second Quintile $38,592 $36,655 -5% $50,000 to $74,999 19%

$35,000 to $49,999 12% Third Quintile $62,681 $61,794 -1% $25,000 to $34,999 10% Fourth Quintile $97,310 $93,120 -4% $15,000 to $24,999 9%

Highest Quintile $222,464 $204,827 -8% $10,000 to $14,999 4%

Top 5 Percent $441,395 $375,082 -15% Less than $10,000 5%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Households Below the Poverty Line Households Receiving SNAP Benefits

16% 16% 14% 14% 12% 12% 10% 10% 8% 8% 15.2% 13.6% 14.6% 6% 6% 11.2% 10.7% 9.2% 10.0% 4% 4% 5.9% 2% 2% 0% 0% 2010 2017 2010 2017

Columbia County New York State Columbia County New York State

Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017

Median household income in Columbia County is highest in the southern portion of the Town Kinderhook. Median household income is lowest in the City of Hudson and the areas around it. The percentage of households in Columbia County living in poverty and the percentage of households receiving SNAP benefits increased from 2010 to 2017, but remained below the statewide rate. 11 Median Rent

County Median Rent $886

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Housing 12

Housing Occupancy Distribution of Rents

$2,500 or More <1% Median Rent 28% Renter $886 Occupied $2,000 to $2,499 1%

3,063 25,470 $1,500 to $1,999 8% Vacant Units Occupied 72% Units Owner Occupied $1,000 to $1,499 29%

$500 to $999 49%

Less than $500 13%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Age of Housing Stock Renter Housing Affordability

Built 2010 or later 1% >= 100% AMI 2000 to 2009 8% 81 to 100% 1990 to 1999 9% AMI 1980 to 1989 14% 51 to 80% AMI 1970 to 1979 14%

1960 to 1969 9% <= 50% AMI 1950 to 1959 8% - 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 1940 to 1949 5% Households Built 1939 or earlier 31% Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015

Median rent in Columbia County is higher in the southern towns on the border of Dutchess County. Just over 3,000 renters in Columbia County earn an income that is less than half of area median income (AMI). Among those low income renters, 1,330 of them are severely burdened by their housing costs, meaning they spend more than half of their household income towards housing costs. 13 Median Home Value

County Median Home Value $224,600

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Housing 14

Owner Housing Affordability Home Value

>= 100% AMI $500,000 or More 10% Median Home Value 81 to 100% $300,000 to $499,999 18% $224,600 AMI

51 to 80% $200,000 to $299,999 30% AMI $150,000 to $199,999 19% <= 50% AMI $100,000 to $149,999 10%

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 $50,000 to $99,999 5% Households Less than $50,000 6% Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable

Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Median Home Price Housing Trends

$300,000 2014 2018 % Change $250,000 Median 193,000 239,000 24% $239,000 Columbia Price $200,000 Closed County 671 748 11% Sales $150,000 New 1,612 1,529 -5% Listings $100,000 2014 2018 % Change Median $50,000 $ 225,000 $ 265,000 18% New York Price Closed $- State 107,853 132,022 22% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Sales New 208,541 205,621 -1% Columbia New York State Listings Source: New York State Association of Realtors Source: New York State Association of Realtors

The geographic distribution of median home value in Columbia County closely matches the distribution of median rent, with lower home values correlating with lower rents, especially in and around the City of Hudson. Median home prices have increased in Columbia County in recent years, increasing by 24% from 2014 to 2018. 15 Primary School Enrollment

County Enrollment Change 2007-08 to 2017-18 -18%

Source: NYS Department of Education Education 16

Public School Enrollment Private School Enrollment

12000 500

9630 450 10000 Independent 400

8000 350 6911 300 6000 250 2018 Enrollment: 380 Change since 2000: -22% 200 4000 Number of Schools: 3 150 2000 100 50 Protestant Christian 0

2002-03 2000-01 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

2016-17 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2017-18 Source: NYS Department of Education Source: NYS Department of Education

Post-Graduation Plans of Public School Graduation Rate Graduating High School Seniors

90% 80% 70% 9% 60% 13% 32% 50% 40% 82% 4% 80% 75% 76% 30%

20% 42% 10% 0% Graduated Graduated with Regents or Adv. Regents Diploma 4-Year College 2-Year College Military Employment Other Columbia New York

Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017 Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017

Like the rest of the region, countywide public school enrollment in Columbia County has been trending downwards since the early 2000’s. Private school enrollment remains relatively low in Columbia County, and is declining in enrollment overall. The most common post-high school graduation plan of graduating seniors in the County is to attend a 2-year college (42%) or a 4-year college (32%). 17 Primary School Graduation

County Graduation Rate 2016 -17 School Year 82%

Source: NYS Department of Education Education 18

College Enrollment Snapshot College Enrollment Trends

2500

2124 1,620 Total College/University Enrollment 2000 1823 1,620 Total Undergraduate Students 1500 1620

1000 0 Total Graduate Students

500

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: US Department of Education, 2017 Source: US Department of Education

Educational Attainment of Residents Field of Bachelors Degree (population aged 25 years and over)

Population aged 25 and over Field of Degree Number Percent Science & Engineering Total 4,922 33%

11% 31% 17% 11% 16% 15% Computers, Mathematics, and 420 3% Statistics

Biological, Agricultural, and 773 5% Less than High School Graduate High School Diploma or GED Environmental Sciences Physical and Related Sciences 430 3% Some College, Associate's Degree Psychology 1,079 7% No Degree Social Sciences 1,667 11% Bachelor's Degree Graduate or Professional Degree Engineering 431 3% Multidisciplinary Studies 122 1%

% Residents with Bachelor’s Degree or Higher Science & Engineering-Related 1,183 8% Fields 40% Business 1,695 11% 35% Education 1,873 12% 30% Arts, Humanities, & Other Total 5,358 36% 30.1% 25% 28.2% Literature & Languages 1,509 10% Liberal Arts & History 1,277 8% 20% 22.6% 1,379 9% 15% Visual & Performing Arts Communications 440 3% 10% 2000 2010 2017 Other 753 5% Columbia New York U.S TOTAL 15,031 100%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 19 Government

County Revenues County Expenditures

Other Community Svcs. <1% Total 2017 Revenues: 1% State Aid $139,022,055 Fed. Aid Culture & Rec. 1% 15% 9% Sanitation 2% Social Services 26% Charges for Debt Svc. 2% Services 8% Education 3% General Sales and Use Tax Other Health Government 29% 9% 9% 19%

Real Property Taxes Public Safety & Assessments 11% Employee 30% Benefits Total 2017 Expenditures: Transportation 15% $140,114,814 11%

Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018 Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018

Bond Rating & Tax Cap County Employees

Bond Ratings 203 Part Time Aa3 Moody’s Full Time Median FT $52,232 State Tax Cap Employee Salary 656 2013 Stayed within cap 2016 Stayed within cap FT employees 3% earning at least 2014 Stayed within cap 2017 Stayed within cap $100,000 Stayed within cap Stayed within cap 2015 2018 # of Employees

Source: New York State Comptroller, 2018

County Revenues & Expenditures

$200,000,000 $180,000,000 $160,000,000 $140,000,000 Expenditures $120,000,000 $100,000,000 Revenues $80,000,000 $60,000,000 $40,000,000 $20,000,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller (Inflation Adjusted) Transportation 20

Means of Travel to Work Transportation Statistics

Worked at Workforce that commutes on public Home 3% 6% transportation Residents who work in Columbia Other Drove 43% 3% Alone County Walked 77% 4% 57% Residents who work outside of Train Carpooled Columbia County 1% 9% Bus <1% 97% Residents who own at least one car

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Length of Commute Place of Work by County

Average Commute Time: 26 minutes

1 Hour or Longer 8% 18% Other 25% 45 to 59 Minutes 9% 11% New York 3% Columbia 30 to 44 Minutes 19% 22% 43%

20 to 29 Minutes 21% 18% Berkshire 4% 10 to 19 Minutes 26% 22% Rensselaer Dutchess Albany Less than 10 Minutes 19% 8% 10% 5% 12% Columbia County New York State Source:Source: American American Community Community Survey Survey (ACS), 2016 2017 Source: US Census Longitudinal Employment-Household Dynamics (2015)

The majority (77%) of Columbia County residents drive alone when they commute to work. The average commute time for Columbia County residents is 28 minutes, and only 8% of residents have a commute of an hour or longer, significantly lower than the statewide rate of 18%. 43% of County residents work in Columbia County. The next most common place of work for Columbia County residents is Albany County, highlighting the region’s connection to the Capital Region. 21 Public Health

Residents without Health Insurance County Health Statistics

18% Residents per primary care physician 16% 15% New York 1,980:1 Columbia 14% 13% Residents per dentist 12% 2,260:1 12% 12% 10% Residents per mental health provider 10% 9% 9% 620:1 Preventable Hospital Stays per 1,000 8% 7% 6% 6% 58 Medical Enrollees 6% 4% 4% 2% 2% Robert Woods Johnson 2% <1% County Health Rankings (out of 62) 0%

0-18 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Over

65 and 65

55 to 64 to 55 19 to 19 25 to 26 34 to 35 44 to 45 54

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 46 35 29 30 20

Childhood Obesity OpioidOpioid-Related Deaths Deaths

Deaths per 100,000 people 35 19% 18.7% Columbia New York State (excluding NYC) 30 18% 25 17.3%

17% 16.7% 20 16.5% 15 16% 10

15% 5 Overweight Obese 0 Columbia County New York State 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NYS Department of Education, 2016 Source:Source: American NY State Community Department Survey of Health 2016

According to the annual Robert Woods Johnson County Health rankings, Columbia County has made significant public health improvements in recent year achieving their best ranking of 20 out of 62 in 2018, up from 46 in 2014. Like much of the nation, Columbia County is struggling with a growing opioid addiction problem. Opioid-related deaths have increased since 2010 in both Columbia County and New York State. Columbia County experienced a significant spike in opioid-related deaths in the past two years, tripling from 10 deaths per 100,000 people in 2015 to over 30 deaths per 100,000 in 2017. Public Safety 22

Property Crimes (per 10,000 residents) Violent Crimes (per 10,000 residents)

250 40

35 200 30

25 150

100 15

10 50 5

0 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services

Misdemeanor Arrests by Type Felony Arrests by Type

600 250 Drug Drug DWI Property Other Violent 500 200 DWI

400 Other 150

300

100 200

50 100

0 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services

In Columbia County, both property crime and violet crime rates are lower in 2017 than they were in 2000, but not significantly so. Violent crime is trending upwards and the violent crime rate may surpass the rate in 2000 if this trend persists. Misdemeanor drug arrests have been trending upwards in Columbia County since 2010. This trend may be linked to the increased prevalence of opioid abuse in the county and the Hudson Valley.

DUTCHESS COUNTY DATA PROFILE 2019 1 County Overview Demographics 2

County Population Change Population Change by Municipality 2017 % Change City +6.2% -0.6% Population Since 2000 +8.0% +5.9% +10.2% Beacon 14,279 3.4% Poughkeepsie 30,505 2.1% Town ------297,488 280,150 295,685 Amenia 4,314 6.6% 245,055 259,462 Beekman 14,433 5.7% Clinton 4,270 6.5% Dover 8,509 -0.7% 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 East Fishkill 29,312 14.5%

Source: Decennial Census 1980 -2010; ACS, 2017 Fishkill 23,508 16.0% Hyde Park 21,215 1.7% La Grange 15,680 5.0% Age Pyramid Milan 2,308 -2.0%

2000 2017 North East 2,997 -0.2%

% of Male 85 + % of Female Pawling 8,336 15.0% Population 80 to 84 Population 75 to 79 Pine Plains 2,504 -2.5% 70 to 74 65 to 69 Pleasant Valley 9,769 7.8% 60 to 64 55 to 59 Poughkeepsie 44,513 4.1% 50 to 54 45 to 49 Red Hook 11,238 8.0% 40 to 44 35 to 39 30 to 34 Rhinebeck 7,777 0.2% 25 to 29 20 to 24 Stanford 3,784 6.8% 15 to 19 10 to 14 Union Vale 4,833 6.3% 5 to 9 < 5 Wappinger 26,906 2.4% 10% 5% 5% 10% Washington 4,695 -1.0% Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017

The population of Dutchess County increased steadily each decade from 1980 to 2010. However, this population growth has stalled in recent years. From 2010 to 2017, the population of Dutchess County declined by 0.6%. Since 2000, the Town of Fishkill experienced the largest percent population growth in Dutchess County (+16%), and the Town of Pine Plains experienced the largest decrease (-2.5%). The age pyramid clearly shows the large baby boomer generation that was in their 30’s and 40’s in 2000 has moved into their 50’s and 60’s in 2017. 3 Population Density

County Population 295,685

Source: DecennialAmerican CommunityCensus 2000; Survey ACS 2016(ACS), 2017 Demographics 4

Race & Ethnicity Place of Birth

Born Non-Citizen 5% Region of Birth of 80% Abroad Naturalized 7% White 75% Foreign-Born 72% Elsewhere in Population the U.S. 19% Other 2% 9% Black 9% 10% Latin America 45% 2% Asian 3% 4% New York Africa 5% 70% Hispanic 6% Asia

11% States United the in Born 27% & Latino 12% 2000 2% 2010 Europe 21% Other 2% 2017 3% Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Language Spoken at Home Marital Status by Age Group

English 70% 67% 3%2% 61% 60% 59% 5% 60% 6% Spanish, and speak 50% English "very well" 40% 36% Other language, and 27% speak English "very 30% well" 20% 84% Spanish, speak English

less than "very well" of Group Married % Age 10%

0% Other language, speak English less than "very Age 20 to 34 Age 35 to 44 Age 45 to 54 well" 2010 2017

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Like much of the Hudson Valley, the Hispanic and Latino population has grown significantly in recent years in Dutchess County. The Hispanic and Latino Population now accounts for 12% of total County population, up from 6% in 2000. This is likely correlated to the fact that 45% of foreign-born Dutchess County residents are from Latin America. In 2010, 36% of Dutchess County residents aged 20 to 34 were married. By 2017, that number had decreased to 27%. 5 Economy

2017 Employment by Sector (Percent of total Employment)

Health Care & Social Assistance Government / Public Administration Retail Trade Accommodation & Food Services Manufacturing Educational Services Construction Admin & Support & Remediation Services Other Services (except Public Administration) Professional & Technical Services Finance & Insurance Transportation & Warehousing Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Wholesale Trade Information Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Management of Companies and Enterprises Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting New York State Mining, Quarrying, and Oil & Gas Extraction Unclassified Dutchess County 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Source: New York State Department of Labor

2017 Average Annual Wages by Sector

Manufacturing Management of Companies and Enterprises Mining, Quarrying, and Oil & Gas Extraction Wholesale Trade Finance & Insurance Professional & Technical Services Government / Public Administration Construction Information Health Care & Social Assistance Admin & Support & Remediation Services Educational Services Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Other Services (except Public Administration) Transportation & Warehousing Unclassified Retail Trade Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting New York State Accommodation & Food Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Dutchess County

$0 $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $250,000 Source: New York State Department of Labor Economy 6

Unemployment Rate

12.0% United States New York State 10.0% Dutchess County 8.0% 7.7% 7.7% 7.5% 7.8% 6.0% 6.7%

5.3% 4.0% 5.1% 4.5% 4.2% 4.1% 4.2% 4.2% 4.3% 3.9% 3.8% 3.9% 3.7% 3.2% 3.4% 2.0%

0.0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: New York State Department of Labor

Number of Businesses by Size of Business Median Household Income

$90,000 $80,000 36 4,620 $70,000 92 <1% 61% 1% $60,000 131 $50,000 2% 506 $40,000 7% $30,000 849 $20,000 11% 1,347 $10,000 18% $0 2000 2010 2017 1-4 employees 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 (Inflation (Inflation Adjusted) Adjusted) 50 to 99 100 to 249 250 or more Dutchess County New York State United States Source: U.S. Census County Business Patterns Survey, 2016 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017

Healthcare is the dominant employment sector in both Dutchess County and New York State, accounting for nearly 20% of total employment in Dutchess County. The majority (79%) of businesses in Dutchess County are have 1-9 employees. Median household income in Dutchess County (adjusted for inflation) decreased slightly from 2010 to 2017 but has been consistently higher than the median income of New York State and the nation. 7 Income & Spending

ALICE Household Income Household Types by Income

60,000 120,000 50,000 100,000 40,000 80,000 60% 61% 64% 63% 69% 30,000 60,000

Households 20,000 66% 63% Households 40,000 27% 31% 29% 27% 10,000 20,000 23% 25% 31% 10% 9% 6% 8% 9% 10% 9% 0 0 Single or Families with 65 and Older 2010 2012 2014 2016 Cohabitating Children Below Poverty Threshold Below Poverty Threshold Below ALICE Treshold Below ALICE Threshold Above ALICE Treshold Above ALICE Treshold Source: United Way, ALICE Project Source: United Way, ALICE Project

ALICE Household Survival Budget

One Adult and One Two Adults and Two Single Adult Married Couple School-Aged Child School-Aged Children

Housing $842 $1,036 $1,036 $1,271 Child Care $0 $0 $833 $1,667 Food $182 $414 $344 $691 Transportation $314 $392 $392 $627 Health Care $196 $392 $461 $727 Miscellaneous $195 $280 $378 $604 Technology $55 $75 $55 $75 Taxes $363 $494 $654 $982 Monthly Total $2,147 $3,083 $4,153 $6,644 Annual Total $25,764 Data $36,996Notes $49,836 $79,728 Hourly Wage $12.88 $18.50 $24.92 $39.86 Source: United Way, ALICE Project Income & Spending 8

Average Household Spending

$4,188 Food away from home $916 Women’s Clothing

$5,936 Food at home $502 Men’s Clothing

$10,124 $2,621 Food & Drink $704 Alcoholic beverages Clothing $367 Children’s Clothing

$4,558 Health Insurance $1,131 Cable & TV

$734 Drugs & Vitamins $98 Movies / Museums / Parks

$6,876 $3,893 Health Care $578 Personal Care Products Entertainment $90 Theatre / Opera / Concerts

$272 Elementary & High School $1,281 Vehicle Maintenance

$1,355 College $2,667 Gasoline

$1,923 $9,443 Tuition $12 Vocational & Technical School Transportation $75 Road & Bridge Tolls Source: ESRI Business Analyst, 2017

Retail Surplus / Leakage

Sports/Hobby/Book/Music Stores (NAICS 451) $13,895,381 Positive values represent a retail Furniture/Home Furnishing Stores (NAICS 442) -$10,060 category where there is a surplus. Miscellaneous Store Retailers (NAICS 453) -$39,170,686 In these retail categories, retail Bldg/Garden Equip/Supply Stores (NAICS 444) -$39,485,544 sales in Dutchess County are General Merchandise Stores (NAICS 452) -$41,897,920 greater than household spending in Dutchess County. Nonstore Retailers (NAICS 454) -$45,276,076 Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (NAICS 441) -$47,896,532 Negative values represent retail Food and Beverage Stores (NAICS 445) -$57,770,256 categories where there is leakage. Electronics & Appliance Stores (NAICS 443) -$84,626,425 In these retail categories, retail Health and Personal Care Stores (NAICS 446) -$111,151,720 sales in Dutchess County are Food Services & Drinking Places (NAICS 722) -$112,490,701 smaller than household spending Gasoline Stations (NAICS 447) -$118,121,244 in Dutchess County, indicating that Dutchess County residents are Clothing/Accessories Stores (NAICS 448) -$198,647,648 shopping outside of the County in Total -$882,649,431 these retail categories.

Source: ESRI Business Analyst, 2017 9 Median Household Income

County Median Income $75,585

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Income & Poverty 10

Median Household Income by Quintile Household Income Distribution

$200,000 or more 8% 2010 (Inflation 2017 % Change $150,000 to $199,999 9% Adjusted) $100,000 to $149,999 19%

Lowest Quintile $18,818 $17,522 -7% $75,000 to $99,999 14%

Second Quintile $48,362 $45,213 -7% $50,000 to $74,999 17% $35,000 to $49,999 10% Third Quintile $78,268 $76,387 -2% $25,000 to $34,999 8% Fourth Quintile $114,835 $114,881 0% $15,000 to $24,999 7% Highest Quintile $220,150 $232,387 6% $10,000 to $14,999 4% Less than $10,000 4% Top 5 Percent $359,452 $395,572 10%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Households Below the Poverty Line Households Receiving SNAP Benefits

16% 16% 14% 14% 12% 12% 10% 10% 8% 8% 15.2% 13.6% 14.6% 6% 6% 11.2% 9.4% 4% 8.2% 8.8% 4% 5.6% 2% 2% 0% 0% 2010 2017 2010 2017

Dutchess County New York State Dutchess County New York State

Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017

Median household income in Dutchess County tends to be higher in southern suburban towns like East Fishkill and La Grange, and lower in eastern rural Towns like Dover and Amenia. Median Household income is also relatively low in the City of Poughkeepsie. The percentage of households below the federal poverty line in Dutchess County increased slightly from 2010 to 2017, but remained lower than New York State. The same is true for the percentage of Dutchess County residents receiving SNAP benefits (formerly called food stamps). 11 Median Rent

County Median Rent $1,174

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Housing 12

Housing Occupancy Distribution of Rents

$2,500 or More 2% 31% Renter Occupied $2,000 to $2,499 6%

8,958 107,384 $1,500 to $1,999 16% Vacant Units Occupied 69% Units Owner $1,000 to $1,499 44% Occupied

$500 to $999 26%

Less than $500 6%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Age of Housing Stock Renter Housing Affordability

Built 2010 or later 1% >= 100% AMI

2000 to 2009 11% 81 to 100% 1990 to 1999 9% AMI

1980 to 1989 14% 51 to 80% AMI 1970 to 1979 15%

1960 to 1969 14% <= 50% AMI

1950 to 1959 14% - 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1940 to 1949 5% Households

Built 1939 or earlier 17% Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015

Median rent in Dutchess County is higher in the more urban and suburban areas in the south and western portions of the County. 44% of rents in the County fall within the range of $1,000 to $1,499. Nearly half of all renters in Dutchess County earned 50% or less than the Area Median Income (AMI) of $86,700 in 2015. The majority of these renters that are earning less 50% or less of AMI are also spending more than half of their income towards housing costs. 13 Median Home Value

County Median Home Value $275,200

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Housing 14

Owner Housing Affordability Distribution of Home Value

>= 100% AMI $500,000 or More 10%

81 to 100% $300,000 to $499,999 32% AMI $200,000 to $299,999 36% 51 to 80% AMI $150,000 to $199,999 12%

<= 50% AMI $100,000 to $149,999 5%

- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 $50,000 to $99,999 3% Households Less than $50,000 4%

Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Median Home Price Housing Trends

$300,000 $280,000 2014 2018 % Change Median $250,000 $ 243,000 $ 280,000 15% Dutchess Price Closed $200,000 County 2,279 3,169 39% Sales New $150,000 5,726 5,032 -12% Listings $100,000 2014 2018 % Change Median $50,000 $ 225,000 $ 265,000 18% New York Price Closed State 107,853 132,022 22% $- Sales 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 New 208,541 205,621 -1% Dutchess New York State Listings Source: New York State Association of Realtors Source: New York State Association of Realtors

The majority of homeowners in Dutchess County earn an income that is equal to or greater than the area median income (AMI). Among these homeowners that are earning 100% or more of AMI, the majority of them are paying less than 30% of their income towards housing. Median home prices have increased in Dutchess County and New York State in recent years, increasing by 15% from 2014 to 2018 in Dutchess. Over this same time period Dutchess County also experienced a 39% increase in the number of closed sales, increasing from 2,279 in 2014 to 3,169 in 2018. 15 Primary School Enrollment

County Enrollment Change 2007-08 to 2017-18 -16%

Source: NYSAmerican Department Community of Education Survey 2016 Education 16

Public School Enrollment Private School Enrollment

60000 4000 2018 Enrollment: 4,490 47700 3500 Change since 2000: -25% 50000 Number of Schools: 35 Catholic 3000 40000 45958 39254 2500 30000 2000 Independent

20000 1500 1000 10000 Other Christian 500 0

2002-03 2000-01 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Post-Graduation Plans of Public School Graduation Rate Graduating High School Seniors

90% 6% 80% 6% 2% 70% 60%

50% 47% 40% 85% 80% 80% 76% 39% 30% 20% 10% 0% Graduated Graduated with Regents or Adv. Regents Diploma 4-Year College 2-Year College Military Employment Other Dutchess New York Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017 Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017

Since the 2007-08 school year, public school enrollment in Dutchess County has declined in every school District. The trend of declining public school enrollment in the County started after the 2004-05 school year. Most graduating high school seniors in Dutchess County plan on going to college; 47% plan on going to a 4-year college, and 39% plan on going to a 2-year college. 17 Primary School Graduation

County Graduation Rate 2016-17 School Year 85%

Source: NYS Department of Education Education 18

College Enrollment Snapshot College Enrollment Trends (population aged 25 years and over) 23,628 Total College/University Enrollment 30000 28000 Total Undergraduate Students 22,167 26000 25367 1,461 Total Graduate Students 24000 23628 22000 Dutchess Community College 9061 21858 20000 Marist College 6657 18000 Culinary Institute of America 3131 16000 Vassar College 2353 14000 Bard College 2293 12000

Unification Theological Seminary 133 10000

Dutchess BOCES-Practical Nursing Program 132

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: US Department of Education, 2017 Source: US Department of Education

Educational Attainment of Residents Field of Bachelors Degree (population aged 25 years and over)

Field of Degree Number Percent

10% 26% 19% 10% 19% 16% Science & Engineering Total 28,053 37% Computers, Mathematics, and 3,975 5% Statistics

Less than High School Graduate High School Diploma or GED Biological, Agricultural, and 3,549 5% Environmental Sciences Some College, Associate's Degree Physical and Related Sciences 2,846 4% No Degree Psychology 4,640 6% Bachelor's Degree Graduate or Professional Degree Social Sciences 6,625 9% Engineering 5,699 8% Multidisciplinary Studies 391 1%

Science & Engineering-Related 5,730 8% % Residents with Bachelor’s Degree or Higher Fields 40% 12,118 16% 34.6% Business 35% 32.1% Education 9,999 13% 30% 27.6% Arts, Humanities, & Other Total 20,307 27% 25% Literature & Languages 4,781 6%

20% Liberal Arts & History 4,520 6% 4,186 6% 15% Visual & Performing Arts Communications 2,713 4% 10% 2000 2010 2017 Other 4,107 5% Dutchess New York U.S TOTAL 75,879 100%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 19 Government

County Revenues County Expenditures

Total 2017 Revenues: Other $481,723,836 Community 1% Services – 2% State Aid Charges for Education – 3% Social Services 17% Services 27% 6% Federal Aid Debt Service 11% 4% Real Property Taxes Other Revenues & Assessments Transportation 2% General 23% 7% Government Health 19% Charges to Other 11% Sales and Use Tax Govts. – 1% 39% 0% Employee Public Safety Benefits Proceeds of Debt Total 2017 Expenditures: 13% 13% 1% $497,953,870

Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018 Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018

Bond Rating & Tax Cap County Employees

Bond Ratings Aa1 Moody’s 318 Part Time Full Time AAA Standard & Poor’s Median FT AAA Fitch $63,416 Employee Salary 1778 State Tax Cap FT employees earning at least 2013 Stayed within cap Stayed within cap 11% 2016 $100,000 2014 Stayed within cap 2017 Stayed within cap # of Employees 2015 Stayed within cap 2018 Stayed within cap Source: New York State Comptroller, 2018

County Revenues & Expenditures

$560,000,000

$540,000,000 Expenditures

$520,000,000 Revenues

$500,000,000

$480,000,000

$460,000,000

$440,000,000

$420,000,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller (Inflation Adjusted) Transportation 20

Means of Travel to Work Transportation Statistics

Poughkeepsie Train Station 1,920 weekday ridership (2017) Worked at New Hamburg Train Station Home 6% 1,064 weekday ridership (2017) Other Beacon Train Station (2017) 1% 2,807 Drove weekday ridership Walked Alone Workforce that commutes on public 5% 76% 5% transportation Train Workforce that lives and works in 3% Bus 48% Dutchess County 1% Workforce that lives in Dutchess County Carpooled 52% 8% but works outside of Dutchess County Workforce with access to at least one 96% vehicle Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: Metro-North; ACS, 2017

Length of Commute Dutchess County Residents Place of Work

Average Commute Time: 32 minutes

1 Hour or Longer 17% 18% Other 20% 45 to 59 Minutes 9% 11% Putnam 4% 30 to 44 Minutes 19% 22% Dutchess Ulster 48% 20 to 29 Minutes 17% 18% 4% Orange 6% 10 to 19 Minutes 26% 22% New York 7% Less than 10 Minutes 13% 10% Westchester 11% Dutchess County, New York New York State

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: US Census Longitudinal Employment-Household Dynamics, 2015

The vast majority (76%) of Dutchess County residents drive alone when they commute to work. The average commute time for Dutchess County residents is 32 minutes, and 17% of residents have a commute of an hour or longer. Nearly half of Dutchess County residents work in Dutchess County. The next most common places of work for Dutchess County residents are Westchester County (11%) and New York City (7%). 21 Public Health

Residents without Health Insurance County Health Statistics

18% Residents per primary care physician 16% 15% New York 1,420:1 14% Dutchess 14% Residents per dentist 12% 1,400:1 12% 12% 10% Residents per mental health provider 10% 9% 390:1 Preventable Hospital Stays per 1,000 8% 7% 6% 6% 6% 50 Medical Enrollees 6% 4%

4% 3% 2% Robert Woods Johnson 2% <1% County Health Rankings (out of 62) 0%

0-18 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Over

65 and 65

55 to 64 to 55 19 to 19 25 to 26 34 to 35 44 to 45 54

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 11 9 10 17 14

Childhood Obesity OpioidOpioid-Related Deaths Deaths

Deaths per 100,000 people 18% 30 Dutchess New York State (excluding NYC) 17.3% 17.3% 25 17% 20 16.4% 16.5% 15 16% 10

15% 5 Overweight Obese

Dutchess County New York State 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NYS Department of Education, 2016 Source: NY State Department of Health

Dutchess County is consistently ranked as one of the healthiest counties in New York State according to the annual Robert Woods Johnson County Health rankings, achieving a rank of 14 out of 62 in 2018. Like much of the nation, Dutchess County is grappling with a growing opioid addiction problem. Opioid-related deaths have increased since 2010 in both Dutchess County and New York State. Public Safety 22

Property Crimes (per 10,000 residents) Violent Crimes (per 10,000 residents)

250 35

30 200 25

150 20

15 100

10 50 5

0 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services

Misdemeanor Arrests by Type Felony Arrests by Type

2000 1000 1800 900 1600 800 1400 700 1200 600 1000 500 800 400 600 300 400 200 200 100

0 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Drug DWI Property Other Drug Violent DWI Other Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services

Following the national trend of declining crime, both property crimes and violent crimes have declined since 2000 in Dutchess County. However, misdemeanor drug crimes have been consistently increasing since 2000. This trend may be linked to the increased prevalence of opioid abuse in Dutchess County and the Hudson Valley.

GREENE COUNTY DATA PROFILE 2019 1 County Overview Demographics 2

County Population Change Population Change by Municipality

2017 % Change Town Population Since 2000 +7.7% +2.1% -2.9% +9.5% +23.3% Ashland 789 4.9% Athens 3,951 -0.9% Cairo 6,483 2.0% 49,221 44,739 48,195 47,791 40,861 Catskill 11,439 -3.5% Coxsackie 8,594 -3.3% Durham 2,681 3.4% 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 Greenville 3,613 9.0%

Source: Decennial Census 1980 -2010; ACS, 2017 Halcott 293 51.8% Hunter 2,650 -2.6% Jewett 913 -5.9% Age Pyramid Lexington 909 9.5% 2000 2017 New Baltimore 3,279 -4.0% % of Male 85 + % of Female Population 80 to 84 Population Prattsville 730 9.8% 75 to 79 70 to 74 Windham 1,467 -11.6% 65 to 69 60 to 64 55 to 59 Village ------50 to 54 45 to 49 40 to 44 Athens 1,465 -13.6% 35 to 39 30 to 34 Catskill 3,894 -11.3% 25 to 29 20 to 24 Coxsackie 2,705 -6.6% 15 to 19 10 to 14 5 to 9 Hunter 404 -17.6% < 5 10% 5% 5% 10% Tannersville 950 112.1% Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017

The population of Greene County increased steadily each decade from 1980 to 2010. However, this population growth has stalled in recent years. From 2010 to 2017, the population of Greene County declined by 2.9%. Since 2000, the Village of Tannersville, located in the Town of Hunter, experienced the greatest percent growth with a population increase of 112%. Interestingly, despite the population growth in Tannersville, the Town of Hunter experienced an overall population decline of 2.6%. 3 Population Density

County Population 47,791

Source: DecennialAmerican CommunityCensus 2000; Survey ACS 2016(ACS), 2017 Demographics 4

Race & Ethnicity Place of Birth

Born Non-Citizen 2% 88% Abroad Naturalized 4% Region of Birth of White 87% Elsewhere in Foreign-Born 86% the U.S. 14% Population Other 3% 5% Black 5% Latin 6% America 29% 1% Africa 1% Asian 1% Asia 1% 15% New York 80% Hispanic 4%

5% States United the in Born & Latino 6% Europe 2000 51% 1% 2010 Other 2% 2017 2% Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Language Spoken at Home Marital Status by Age Group

3% 1% 1% 80% 3% English 70% 70% 68% 70% 65% 60% Spanish, and speak English "very well" 50% 40% Other language, and 29% speak English "very 30% 23% well" 20% Spanish, speak English

92% of % Group Age Married less than "very well" 10% 0% Other language, speak Age 20 to 34 Age 35 to 44 Age 45 to 54 English less than "very well" 2010 2017

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

As seen on the population density map, the eastern portion of the County is more densely populated than the western portions, with population centers in the villages of Catskill and Coxsackie. The area of extreme population density seen on the map just south of the Village of Coxsackie is the result of the Coxsackie Correctional Facility. The vast majority (86%) of Greene County residents are White. Racial and ethnic diversity is increasing at a slower rate in Greene County relative to other counties in the region. 5 Economy

2017 Employment by Sector (Percent of total Employment)

Government / Public Administration Retail Trade Accommodation & Food Services Health Care & Social Assistance Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Construction Transportation & Warehousing Other Services (except Public Administration) Finance & Insurance Admin & Support & Remediation Services Professional & Technical Services Information Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Utilities New York State Educational Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Greene County Unclassified

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Source: New York State Department of Labor

2017 Average Annual Wages by Sector

Utilities Management of Companies and Enterprises Wholesale Trade Manufacturing Information Government / Public Administration Finance & Insurance Professional & Technical Services Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Construction Transportation & Warehousing Educational Services Health Care & Social Assistance Admin & Support & Remediation Services Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Unclassified Retail Trade New York State Other Services (except Public Administration) Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Greene County Accommodation & Food Services

$0 $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $250,000 Source: New York State Department of Labor Economy 6

Unemployment Rate

12.0% United States 9.9% 9.4% New York State 10.0% 9.1% 8.8% 8.3% Greene County 8.0% 6.7% 5.6% 6.0% 5.0% 5.3% 4.5% 5.9% 5.3% 4.0% 4.9% 5.1% 4.6% 4.5% 4.8% 4.7% 4.8%

2.0%

0.0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: New York State Department of Labor

Number of Businesses by Size of Business Median Household Income

$70,000

$60,000 6 1% 703 $50,000 61% 9 $40,000 1% 73 $30,000 13 6% 1% $20,000 117 10% $10,000 226 20% $0 2000 2010 2017 1-4 employees 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 (Inflation (Inflation Adjusted) Adjusted) 50 to 99 100 to 249 250 or more Greene County New York State United States Source: U.S. Census County Business Patterns Survey, 2016 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017

Government / Public Administration is the dominant employment sector in Greene County, accounting for nearly 30% of jobs in the county. This sector has a relatively high average wage in Greene County. However, average wages in Greene County are lower than statewide average wages in every employment sector. These lower wages correspond to a countywide median household income that is consistently lower than both statewide and national median household income. 7 Income & Spending

ALICE Household Income Household Types by Income

9,000 20,000 8,000 18,000 7,000 16,000 14,000 6,000 63% 54% 58% 56% 12,000 52% 5,000 63% 10,000 4,000

8,000 Households 3,000 66% Households 40% 6,000 2,000 34% 28% 31% 36% 38% 4,000 1,000 26% 2,000 11% 18% 10% 12% 14% 13% 12% 0 0 Single or Families with 65 and Older 2010 2012 2014 2016 Cohabitating Children Below Poverty Threshold Below ALICE Threshold Below Poverty Threshold Above ALICE Treshold Below ALICE Treshold Above ALICE Treshold

Source: United Way, ALICE Project, 2016 Source: United Way, ALICE Project, 2016

ALICE Household Survival Budget

One Adult and One Two Adults and Two Single Adult Married Couple School-Aged Child School-Aged Children

Housing $641 $762 $762 $882 Child Care $0 $0 $596 $1,192 Food $182 $414 $344 $691 Transportation $341 $409 $409 $682 Health Care $213 $425 $487 $792 Miscellaneous $173 $249 $312 $500 Technology $55 $75 $55 $75 Taxes $303 $409 $470 $690 Monthly Total $1,908 $2,743 $3,435 $5,504 Annual Total $22,896 Data $32,916Notes $41,220 $66,048 Hourly Wage $11.45 $16.46 $20.61 $33.02 Source: United Way, ALICE Project, 2016 Income & Spending 8

Average Household Spending

$2,965 Food away from home $614 Women’s Clothing

$4,563 Food at home $350 Men’s Clothing

$7,528 $1,798 Food & Drink $449 Alcoholic beverages Clothing $258 Children’s Clothing

$3,643 Health Insurance $930 Cable & TV

$734 Drugs & Vitamins $62 Movies / Museums / Parks

$5,578 $2,949 Health Care $421 Personal Care Products Entertainment $51 Theatre / Opera / Concerts

$153 Elementary & High School $981 Vehicle Maintenance

$737 College $2,182 Gasoline

$1,082 $7,419 Tuition $7 Vocational & Technical School Transportation $38 Road & Bridge Tolls Source: ESRI Business Analyst, 2017

Retail Leakage / Leakage

General Merchandise Stores (NAICS 452) $33,694,909 Positive values represent a retail Gasoline Stations (NAICS 447) $17,208,492 category where there is a surplus. Bldg/Garden Equip/Supply Stores (NAICS 444) $11,672,614 In these retail categories, retail Health and Personal Care Stores (NAICS 446) $10,572,924 sales in Greene County are greater than household spending in Food and Beverage Stores (NAICS 445) $4,284,479 Greene County. Sports/Hobby/Book/Music Stores (NAICS 451) -$3,346,509 Furniture/Home Furnishing Stores (NAICS 442) -$7,861,742 Negative values represent retail Nonstore Retailers (NAICS 454) -$8,252,470 categories where there is leakage. In these retail categories, retail Miscellaneous Store Retailers (NAICS 453) -$12,349,852 sales in Greene County are smaller Electronics & Appliance Stores (NAICS 443) -$16,367,691 than household spending in Food Services & Drinking Places (NAICS 722) -$21,241,679 Greene County, indicating that Clothing/Accessories Stores (NAICS 448) -$41,378,441 Greene County residents are shopping outside of the County in Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (NAICS 441) -$83,461,348 these retail categories. Total -$116,826,314

Source: ESRI Business Analyst, 2017 9 Median Household Income

County Median Income $53,214

Source: American Community Survey 2016(ACS), 2017 Income & Poverty 10

Median Household Income by Quintile Household Income Distribution

$200,000 or more 2010 3% (Inflation 2017 % Change $150,000 to $199,999 4% Adjusted) $100,000 to $149,999 14%

Lowest Quintile $13,965 $12,984 -7% $75,000 to $99,999 14%

Second Quintile $32,715 $31,924 -2% $50,000 to $74,999 18% $35,000 to $49,999 14% Third Quintile $51,863 $53,468 3% $25,000 to $34,999 11% Fourth Quintile $76,419 $83,161 9% $15,000 to $24,999 10%

Highest Quintile $158,086 $165,548 5% $10,000 to $14,999 6%

Less than $10,000 6% Top 5 Percent $271,838 $270,640 0%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Households Below the Poverty Line Households Receiving SNAP Benefits

16% 16% 14% 14% 12% 12% 10% 10% 8% 8% 13.6% 14.6% 15.2% 6% 11.9% 11.7% 6% 11.2% 4% 4% 7.2% 7.4% 2% 2% 0% 0% 2010 2017 2010 2017

Greene County New York State Greene County New York State

Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017

Median household income in Greene County is lowest in the village of Catskill and nearby areas in the Town of Catskill. The percentage of households in poverty in Greene County has remained relatively constant since 2010, but the rate is high relative to the rest of the Hudson Valley. The percentage of Greene County households receiving SNAP benefits has also remained constant since 2010, bucking the statewide trend of increasing SNAP usage. 11 Median Rent

County Median Rent $876

Source: American Community Survey 2016(ACS), 2017 Housing 12

Housing Occupancy Distribution of Rents

24% $2,500 or More 1% Median Rent Renter $876 Occupied $2,000 to $2,499 1%

17,106 $1,500 to $1,999 4% 3,179 Vacant Occupied 76% Units Units Owner Occupied $1,000 to $1,499 25%

$500 to $999 54%

Less than $500 14%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Age of Housing Stock Renter Housing Affordability

Built 2010 or later 1% >= 100% AMI 2000 to 2009 12% 81 to 100% 1990 to 1999 9% AMI 1980 to 1989 14% 51 to 80% AMI 1970 to 1979 13%

1960 to 1969 8% <= 50% AMI 1950 to 1959 7% - 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 1940 to 1949 5% Households Built 1939 or earlier 30% Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015

Median rent is highest in the eastern portion of Greene County in the Town of New Baltimore and the eastern portion of the Town of Catskill outside of the Village of Catskill. Rent in Greene County is low relative to the rest of the Hudson Valley with 68% of rents in the county less than $1,000 per month. There are over 2,000 renters that earn less than 50% of area median income (AMI). Over half of those households pay more than 50% of their household income towards housing costs, which indicates they are severely cost burdened. 13 Median Home Value

County Median Home Value $176,100

Source: American Community Survey 2016(ACS), 2017 Housing 14

Owner Housing Affordability Home Value

>= 100% AMI $500,000 or More 5% Median Home Value 81 to 100% $300,000 to $499,999 11% $176,100 AMI

$200,000 to $299,999 24% 51 to 80% AMI $150,000 to $199,999 23%

<= 50% AMI $100,000 to $149,999 21%

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 $50,000 to $99,999 11% Households Less than $50,000 6% Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable

Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Median Home Price Housing Trends

$300,000 2014 2018 % Change Median $250,000 $166,950 182,000 9% Greene Price $182,000 Closed $200,000 County 576 786 36% Sales New $150,000 1,891 1,703 -10% Listings $100,000 2014 2018 % Change Median $50,000 $ 225,000 $ 265,000 18% New York Price Closed State 107,853 132,022 22% $- Sales 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 New 208,541 205,621 -1% Greene New York State Listings Source: New York State Association of Realtors Source: New York State Association of Realtors

The median home value map shows an inverted relationship with the median rent map, with higher home values in the western portion of Greene County, and lower values in the east. The majority of homeowners in the County earn an income that is equal to or greater than the area median income (AMI). Among these homeowners that are earning 100% or more of AMI, the majority of them are paying less than 30% of their income towards housing. 15 Primary School Enrollment

County Enrollment Change 2007-08 to 2017-18 -19%

Source: NYSAmerican Department Community of Education Survey 2016 Education 16

Public School Enrollment Private School Enrollment

9000 200 2018 Enrollment: 104 7731 8000 180 Change since 2000: -71% Catholic Number of Schools: 3 7000 160 6000 140 5877 5000 120 4000 100 Other Christian 3000 80 2000 60 1000 40 Independent 0 20

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Post-Graduation Plans of Public School Graduation Rate Graduating High School Seniors

100% 90% 80% 8% 70% 12% 60% 3% 37% 50% 87% 40% 80% 79% 76% 30% 40% 20% 10% 0% Graduated Graduated with Regents or Adv. Regents Diploma 4-Year College 2-Year College Military Employment Other Greene New York Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017 Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017

Declining school enrollment is occurring throughout the Hudson Valley region. Since the 2002-03 school year, public school enrollment in Greene County declined by 1,845. Private school enrollment has also trended downward since the early 2000’s with Catholic school enrollment zeroing out in 2007 when the only Catholic school in the county closed. 17 Primary School Graduation

County Graduation Rate 2016-17 School Year 87%

Source: NYSAmerican Department Community of Education Survey 2016 Education 18

Educational Attainment of Residents Field of Bachelor’s Degree (population aged 25 years and over)

Field of Degree Number Percent

2,760 34% 14% 36% 16% 12% 12% 10% Science & Engineering Total

Computers, Mathematics, and 307 4% Less than High School Graduate Statistics

High School Diploma or GED Biological, Agricultural, and 574 7% Environmental Sciences Some College, No Degree Physical and Related Sciences 241 3% Associate's Degree Psychology 335 4% Bachelor's Degree Social Sciences 898 11% Graduate or Professional Degree Source: US Department of Education, 2017 Engineering 381 5%

Multidisciplinary Studies 24 <1% Residents with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher 693 8% (population aged 25 years and over) Science & Engineering-Related Fields

Business 1,446 18% % Residents with Bachelor’s Degree or Higher 1,364 17% 40% Education

35% Arts, Humanities, & Other Total 1,928 24%

30% Literature & Languages 320 4% 25% 22.0% 530 6% 19.2% Liberal Arts & History 20% 16.4% Visual & Performing Arts 551 7% 15% Communications 299 4% 10% 2000 2010 2017 Other 228 3% Greene New York U.S TOTAL 8,191 100%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

The percentage of Greene County residents with a bachelor’s degree or higher is trending upwards, in line with state and national trends. However, as of 2017, the percentage of Greene County residents with a bachelor’s degree or higher (22%) is still below the rate for New York State (35%) and the United States (31%). 19 Government

County Revenues County Expenditures

Other Total 2017 Revenues: 1% $112,304,652 Debt Svc. 2% Federal Aid Community Social Services State Aid 12% Svcs. 3% 24% 16% Charges for Services Other Real Prop. Sanitation 12% Tax Items 3% 4% Education Transportation 16% Real Property Taxes Charges to Other 7% & Assessments Govts. 2% Health 24% Other Revenues 8% Employee Benefits Sales and Use Tax 3% Public 15% 28% Safety General 9% Government Total 2017 Expenditures: 11% $103,888,792

Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018 Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018

New York State Tax Cap Status County Employees

Part Time 112 2013 Stayed within cap 2016 Stayed within cap Full Time

Median FT 2014 Stayed within cap 2017 Exceeded cap $50,712 Employee Salary 379 FT employees 2015 Stayed within cap 2018 Stayed within cap 1% earning at least $100,000

# of Employees

Source: New York State Comptroller, 2018

County Revenues & Expenditures

$140,000,000

$120,000,000

$100,000,000

$80,000,000 Expenditures

$60,000,000 Revenues $40,000,000

$20,000,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller (Inflation Adjusted) Transportation 20

Means of Travel to Work Transportation Statistics

Worked at Home Workforce that commutes on public 4% 1% transportation Other 2% Drove Residents who work in Greene Walked Alone 34% 3% County 84% Train Carpooled 7% <1% 66% Residents who work outside of Bus Green County <1% 98% Residents who own at least one car

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: Metro-North; ACS, 2017

Length of Commute Greene County Residents Place of Work

Average Commute Time: 28 minutes

1 Hour or Longer 9% 18% Other 45 to 59 Minutes 10% 11% 25% Greene 34% 30 to 44 Minutes 22% 22% Dutchess 3% 20 to 29 Minutes 18% 18% New York 24% 10 to 19 Minutes 4% Ulster 22% 7% Albany Columbia 18% Less than 10 Minutes 18% 10% 9% Greene County New York State Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: US Census Longitudinal Employment-Household Dynamics, 2015

The vast majority (84%) of Greene County residents drive alone when they commute to work. The average commute time for Greene County residents is 28 minutes, and just 9% of residents have a commute of an hour or longer. The majority of Greene County residents commute out of the County for work. The most common place of work for Greene County residents is Albany County. 21 Public Health

Residents without Health Insurance County Health Statistics

18% Residents per primary care physician 16% 15% New York 2,650:1 Greene 14% Residents per dentist 12% 2,790:1 12% 12% 10% Residents per mental health provider 9% 9% 1,320:1 10% 9% 8% Preventable Hospital Stays per 1,000 8% 7% 6% 6% 61 Medical Enrollees 6% 4% 3% 2% Robert Woods Johnson 2% <1% County Health Rankings (out of 62) 0%

0-18 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Over

65 and 65

55 to 64 to 55 19 to 19 25 to 26 34 to 35 44 to 45 54

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 57 60 59 53 47

Childhood Obesity OpioidOpioid-Related Deaths Deaths

Deaths per 100,000 people 20% 19.6% 30

19% 25

18% 17.3% 17.3% 20 17% 16.5% 15 16% 10 15%

14% 5 Overweight Obese Greene New York State (excluding NYC) 0 Greene County New York State 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NYS Department of Education, 2016 Source:Source: American NY State Community Department Survey of Health 2016

Greene County is consistently ranked as a relatively unhealthy county in New York State according to the annual Robert Woods Johnson County Health rankings. Relative to New York State, Greene County has a higher rate of childhood obesity and children who are overweight. Like much of the nation, Greene County is grappling with a growing opioid addiction problem. Opioid-related deaths have increased since 2010 in both Greene County and New York State. Public Safety 22

Property Crimes (per 10,000 residents) Violent Crimes (per 10,000 residents)

300 50

45 250 40

35 200 30

150 25

20 100 15

10 50 5

0 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services

Misdemeanor Arrests by Type Felony Arrests by Type

500 300 Drug DWI Property Other Drug Violent DWI Other 450 250 400

350 200 300

250 150

200 100 150

100 50 50

0 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services

Following the national trend of declining crime, both property crimes and violent crimes have been trending downward since 2000 in Greene County. However, violent crime started increase again in 2014. Misdemeanor drug arrests have been consistently increasing since 2000 in Greene County. This trend may be linked to the increased prevalence of opioid abuse in Greene County and the Hudson Valley.

ORANGE COUNTY DATA PROFILE 2019 County Overview 1 Demographics 2

County Population Change Population Change by Municipality 2017 % Change +9.2% +1.4% City +11.0% Population Since 2000 +18.5% Middletown 27,729 9.2% +17.1% Newburgh 28,444 0.7% Port Jervis 8,670 -2.1% 372,813 378,174 341,367 ------307,647 Town 259,603 Blooming Grove 17,725 2.2% Chester 11,971 -1.4% Cornwall 12,491 1.5%

1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 Crawford 9,234 17.3% Deerpark 7,799 -0.8% Source: Decennial Census 1980 -2010; ACS, 2017 Goshen 13,864 7.4% Greenville 4,697 23.6% Hamptonburgh 5,506 17.5% Age Pyramid Highlands 12,152 -2.7% 2000 2017 Minisink 4,513 25.9% % of Male 85 + % of Female Monroe 42,913 36.6% Population 80 to 84 Population 75 to 79 70 to 74 Montgomery 23,664 13.3% 65 to 69 60 to 64 Mount Hope 6,993 5.3% 55 to 59 50 to 54 New Windsor 26,799 17.2% 45 to 49 40 to 44 Newburgh 30,697 11.4% 35 to 39 30 to 34 Tuxedo 3,552 6.5% 25 to 29 20 to 24 Wallkill 28,540 15.7% 15 to 19 10 to 14 Warwick 31,305 1.8% 5 to 9 < 5 Wawayanda 7,288 16.2% 5% 10% 10% 5% Woodbury 11,628 23.0% Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017

The population of Orange County increased steadily each decade from 1980 to 2010. However, this population growth has stalled in recent years. Although it has grown from 2010 to 2017, the increase in population was only 1.4%. Since 2000, the Town of Monroe experienced the greatest percentage increase in population, increasing 36.6% to a population of 42,913 in 2017. The Village of Kiryas Joel, which is entirely within the Town of Monroe, represented 84% of the Town’s growth and 26.2% of Orange County’s growth from 2000 to 2017. 3 Population Density

County Population 378,174

Source: DecennialAmerican CommunityCensus 2000; Survey ACS 2016(ACS), 2017 Demographics 4

Race & Ethnicity Place of Birth

Born Non-Citizen 4% 78% Region of Birth of Abroad Naturalized 6% White 68% Foreign-Born 65% Elsewhere in Population the U.S. 19% Other 2% 7% Black 9% 10% Latin 1% America Asian 2% 56% 3% New York 71% Hispanic 12% Africa 3% 18% & Latino 20% States United the in Born Asia 2000 19% 2010 2% Europe Other 2% 2017 20% 3%

Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Language Spoken at Home Marital Status by Age Group

70% English 59% 61% 5% 60% 57% 56% 4% 50% 6% Spanish, and speak English "very well" 40% 10% Other language, and 30% 27% speak English "very 22% well" 20% 75% Spanish, speak English less than "very well" of % Group Age Married 10% 0% Other language, speak Age 20 to 34 Age 35 to 44 Age 45 to 54 English less than "very well" 2010 2017

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Like much of the Hudson Valley, the Hispanic and Latino population has grown significantly in recent years in Orange County. The Hispanic and Latino Population now accounts for 20% of total county population, up from 6% in 2000. This is likely correlated to the fact that 56% of foreign-born Orange County residents are from Latin America. In 2010, 27% of Orange County residents aged 20 to 34 were married. By 2017, that number had decreased to 22%. 5 Economy

2017 Employment by Sector (Percent of total Employment)

Government / Public Administration Retail Trade Health Care & Social Assistance Accommodation & Food Services Manufacturing Admin & Support & Remediation Services Wholesale Trade Transportation & Warehousing Other Services (except Public Administration) Construction Professional & Technical Services Educational Services Finance & Insurance Information Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Management of Companies and Enterprises Utilities New York State Unclassified Mining, Quarrying, and Oil & Gas Extraction Orange County 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

Source: New York State Department of Labor

2017 Average Annual Wages by Sector

Utilities Mining, Quarrying, and Oil & Gas Extraction Management of Companies and Enterprises Professional & Technical Services Government / Public Administration Information Finance & Insurance Manufacturing Construction Wholesale Trade Health Care & Social Assistance Transportation & Warehousing Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Unclassified Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Admin & Support & Remediation Services Other Services (except Public Administration) Retail Trade Educational Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation New York State Accommodation & Food Services Orange County $0 $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $250,000 Source: New York State Department of Labor Economy 6

Unemployment Rate

12.0% United States New York State 10.0% Orange County 8.0% 7.8% 8.0% 7.7% 7.9% 6.0% 6.8%

5.4% 5.5% 4.0% 4.7% 4.7% 4.7% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.6% 4.2% 4.2% 3.9% 3.4% 3.7% 2.0%

0.0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: New York State Department of Labor

Number of Businesses by Size of Business Median Household Income

$90,000 $80,000 51 $70,000 1% 5,434 $60,000 57% 133 $50,000 1% $40,000 237 696 $30,000 3% 7% $20,000

1,155 1,750 $10,000 12% 19% $0 2000 2010 2017 (Inflation (Inflation 1-4 employees 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 Adjusted) Adjusted)

50 to 99 100 to 249 250 or more Orange County New York State United States

Source: U.S. Census County Business Patterns Survey, 2016 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017

Top employment sectors in the County include Retail Trade, Health Care & Social Assistance, and Accommodation & Food Services; however, these sectors represent three of the four lowest annual wage rates. The median household income in Orange County (adjusted for inflation) decreased slightly from 2010 to 2017 but has been consistently higher than the median income of New York State and the nation. The majority of businesses in Orange County are small, made up of less than 5 employees. Businesses with less than 20 employees represent 88% of all firms in the County. 7 Income & Spending

ALICE Household Income Household Types by Income

140,000 60,000 120,000 50,000 100,000 59% 59% 59% 54% 40,000 51% 80,000 30,000 60,000 58%

52% Households 40,000 Households 20,000 32% 29% 29% 36% 40% 28% 20,000 10,000 38% 9% 11% 12% 11% 9% 14% 0 0 10% 2010 2012 2014 2016 Single or Families with 65 and Older Cohabitating Children

ALICE Household Survival Budget

One Adult and One Two Adults and Two Single Adult Married Couple School-Aged Child School-Aged Children

Average Household Spending

$4,123 Food away from home $904 Women’s Clothing

$5,842 Food at home $498 Men’s Clothing

$9,965 $2,598 Food & Drink $693 Alcoholic beverages Clothing $370 Children’s Clothing

$4,428 Health Insurance $1,099 Cable & TV

$766 Drugs & Vitamins $99 Movies / Museums / Parks

$6,664 $3,806 Health Care $568 Personal Care Products Entertainment $90 Theatre / Opera / Concerts

$272 Elementary & High School $1,255 Vehicle Maintenance

$1,348 College $2,615 Gasoline

$1,914 $9,258 Tuition $11 Vocational & Technical School Transportation $75 Road & Bridge Tolls Source: ESRI Business Analyst, 2017

Retail Surplus / Leakage

Miscellaneous Store Retailers (NAICS 453) $322,582,440 Positive values represent a retail Clothing/Accessories Stores (NAICS 448) $215,893,693 category where there is a surplus. General Merchandise Stores (NAICS 452) $180,714,571 In these retail categories, retail Food and Beverage Stores (NAICS 445) $145,943,882 sales in Orange County are greater Bldg/Garden Equip/Supply Stores (NAICS 444) $133,681,100 than household spending in Orange County. Sports/Hobby/Book/Music Stores (NAICS 451) $50,199,344 Gasoline Stations (NAICS 447) $18,658,810 Negative values represent retail Furniture/Home Furnishing Stores (NAICS 442) -$21,663,416 categories where there is leakage. In these retail categories, retail Nonstore Retailers (NAICS 454) -$46,609,055 sales in Orange County are smaller Health and Personal Care Stores (NAICS 446) -$47,868,449 than household spending in Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (NAICS 441) -$55,650,924 Orange County, indicating that Orange County residents are Food Services & Drinking Places (NAICS 722) -$77,290,042 shopping outside of the County in Electronics & Appliance Stores (NAICS 443) -$85,777,294 these retail categories. Total $732,814,660 Source: ESRI Business Analyst, 2017 9 Median Household Income

County Median Income $75,146

Source: American Community Survey 2016(ACS), 2017 Income & Poverty 10

Median Household Income by Quintile Household Income Distribution

$200,000 or more 8% 2010 (Inflation 2017 % Change $150,000 to $199,999 10% Adjusted) $100,000 to $149,999 20%

Lowest Quintile $18,875 $16,043 -15% $75,000 to $99,999 13%

$50,000 to $74,999 16% Second Quintile $47,850 $43,736 -9% $35,000 to $49,999 10% Third Quintile $78,504 $75,611 -4% $25,000 to $34,999 7%

Fourth Quintile $116,310 $115,828 0% $15,000 to $24,999 8%

Highest Quintile $208,860 $220,050 5% $10,000 to $14,999 4% Less than $10,000 5% Top 5 Percent $320,982 $356,931 11%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Households Below the Poverty Line Households Receiving SNAP Benefits

16% 16% 14% 14% 12% 12% 10% 10%

8% 8% 15.2% 13.6% 14.6% 6% 6% 10.9% 11.2% 10.3% 4% 8.6% 4% 6.9% 2% 2% 0% 0% 2010 2017 2010 2017

Orange County New York State Orange County New York State

Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017

The median household income in Orange County tends to be higher in southwestern and central suburban towns like Tuxedo, Woodbury, Blooming Grove, Harriman and Chester. Median household income is lowest in the urban areas like the cities of Newburgh, Port Jervis, and Middletown. The percentage of households below the federal poverty line in Orange County increased by 25% from 2010 to 2017, which was a smaller increase than NYS and the County poverty rate remained lower than New York State’s rate. The percentage of Orange County residents receiving SNAP benefits (formerly called food stamps) increased by 49% from 2010 to 2017, which was a larger increase than NYS. 11 Median Rent

County Median Rent $1,187

Source: American Community Survey 2016(ACS), 2017 Housing 12

Housing Occupancy Distribution of Rents

$2,500 or More 3% Median Rent 32% $1,187 Renter Occupied $2,000 to $2,499 5%

12,384 126,460 $1,500 to $1,999 18% Vacant Units Occupied Units 68% Owner $1,000 to $1,499 42% Occupied

$500 to $999 26%

Less than $500 5%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Age of Housing Stock Renter Housing Affordability

Built 2010 or later 2% >= 100% AMI 2000 to 2009 11% 81 to 100% 1990 to 1999 10% AMI 1980 to 1989 14% 51 to 80% AMI 1970 to 1979 13%

1960 to 1969 11% <= 50% AMI 1950 to 1959 10% - 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 1940 to 1949 5% Households Built 1939 or earlier 24% Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015

Median rent in Orange County is higher in the southern areas of the County that boarder Rockland County. 68% of rents are more than $1,000, and the median rent is $1,187. Nearly half of all renters in Orange County earned 50% or less than the Area Median Income (AMI). The majority of these renters that are earning 50% or less of AMI are also spending more than half of their income towards housing costs. 13 Median Home Value

County Median Home Value $260,300

Source: American Community Survey 2016(ACS), 2017 Housing 14

Owner Housing Affordability Home Value

>= 100% AMI $500,000 or More 7%

81 to 100% $300,000 to $499,999 29% AMI

$200,000 to $299,999 34% 51 to 80% AMI $150,000 to $199,999 15%

<= 50% AMI $100,000 to $149,999 7%

- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 $50,000 to $99,999 4% Median Households Home Value Less than $50,000 4% $260,300 Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable

Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Median Home Price Housing Trends

$300,000 2014 2018 % Change $250,000 Median $245,000 $ 219,000 $ 245,000 12% Orange Price $200,000 Closed County 2,611 4,515 73% Sales $150,000 New 6,064 6,318 4% Listings $100,000 2014 2018 % Change Median $50,000 $ 225,000 $ 265,000 18% New York Price Closed $- State 107,853 132,022 22% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Sales New 208,541 205,621 -1% Orange New York State Listings Source: New York State Association of Realtors Source: New York State Association of Realtors

The majority of homeowners in Orange County earn an income that is equal to or greater than the area median income (AMI). Among these homeowners that are earning 100% or more of AMI, the majority of them are paying less than 30% of their income towards housing. Median home prices have increased in Orange County and New York State in recent years, increasing by 12% from 2014 to 2018 in Orange. Over this same time period Orange County also experienced a 73% increase in the number of closed sales, increasing from 2,611 in 2014 to 4,515 in 2018. 15 Primary School Enrollment

County Enrollment Change 2007-08 to 2017-18 -9%

Source:Source: NYSNYS DepartmentDepartment ofof EducationEducation Education 16

Public School Enrollment Private School Enrollment

16000 80000 2018 Enrollment: 17,014 70000 66865 14000 Change since 2000: 78% Number of Schools: 49 12000 60000 63475 59252 50000 10000

40000 8000 Independent Jewish 30000 6000 Roman Catholic 20000 4000 Other Christian 10000 2000 0

2009-10 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

2005-06 2012-13 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Source: NYS Department of Education Source: NYS Department of Education

Post-Graduation Plans of Public School Graduation Rate Graduating High School Seniors

90% 80% 5% 70% 9% 60% 4% 50% 85% 47% 40% 80% 80% 76% 30% 35% 20% 10% 0% Graduated Graduated with Regents or Adv. Regents Diploma 4-Year College 2-Year College Military Employment Other Orange New York

Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017 Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017

Since the 2007-08 school year, countywide public school enrollment has consistently declined. The trend of declining public school enrollment in Orange County started after the 2003-04 school year. Among private schools, there has been a dramatic increase in enrollment at Jewish schools, primarily due to the growing Hasidic Jewish population in Orange County, especially in the Village of Kiryas Joel. The Roman Catholic schools have witnessed a declining enrollment while other Christian schools are essentially flat. 17 Primary School Graduation

County Graduation Rate 2016-17 School Year 85%

Source: NYSAmerican Department Community of Education Survey 2016 Education 18

College Enrollment Snapshot College Enrollment Trends

Total College/University Enrollment 18000 15,584 16219 16000 15,255 Total Undergraduate Students 15584 14000 14864

329 Total Graduate Students 12000

Orange County Community College 6601 10000 United States Military Academy (West Point) 4491 8000 Mount Saint Mary College 2365 6000 UTA Mesivta of Kiryas Joel 1864 4000 Yeshivas Maharit D’Satmar 99 2000 Orange-Ulster BOCES Practical Nursing Program 84

Beauty School of Middletown 56 0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Yeshiva Ohr Naftoli 24 2007 Source: US Department of Education, 2017 Source: US Department of Education

Educational Attainment of Residents Field of Bachelors Degree (population aged 25 years and over)

Field of Degree Number Percent Science & Engineering Total 24,352 32% 10% 30% 20% 10% 17% 12% Computers, Mathematics, and 2,720 4% Statistics

Biological, Agricultural, and 3,664 5% Less than High School Graduate High School Diploma or GED Environmental Sciences Physical and Related Sciences 2,453 3% Some College, Associate's Degree No Degree Psychology 5,117 7% Bachelor's Degree Graduate or Professional Degree Social Sciences 6,196 8% Engineering 3,712 5% Multidisciplinary Studies 490 1% % Residents with Bachelor’s Degree or Higher Science & Engineering-Related 7,474 8% 40% Fields 13,693 18% 35% Business Education 11,168 15% 30% 18,787 25% 29.5% Arts, Humanities, & Other Total 25% 27.6% Literature & Languages 3,594 5% 20% 22.5% Liberal Arts & History 3,795 5% 15% Visual & Performing Arts 3,454 5%

10% Communications 2,695 4% 2000 2010 2017 Other 5,249 7% Orange New York U.S TOTAL 75,474 100%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 19 Government

County Revenues County Expenditures

Total 2017 Revenues: Other $898,571,791 2% Sanitation Other Local State Aid 2% General Revenues 11% 11% Federal Transportation Government Aid 8% 3% 31% Charges for Debt Service Services Proceeds of 12% 4% Debt 8% Charges to Other Education Govts. 2% Real Property Taxes 7% Social Services & Assessments All Other Public Safety 23% 13% Revenues 3% 8% Sales and Use Tax Health 32% Employee 8% Benefits Total 2017 Expenditures: 12% $884,067,149

Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018 Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018

Bond Rating & Tax Cap County Employees

Bond Rating 550 Part Time Aa2 (Moody’s) Full Time Median FT $58,908 Employee Salary State Tax Cap 2260 FT employees earning at least 2013 Stayed within cap Stayed within cap 9% 2016 $100,000 2014 Stayed within cap 2017 Stayed within cap 2015 Stayed within cap 2018 Stayed within cap # of Employees Source: New York State Comptroller, 2018

County Revenues & Expenditures

$940,000,000 $920,000,000 Expenditures $900,000,000 $880,000,000 Revenues $860,000,000 $840,000,000 $820,000,000 $800,000,000 $780,000,000

$760,000,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller (Inflation Adjusted) Transportation 20

Means of Travel to Work Weekday Ridership

Port Jervis Station Worked at 100 Home 5% 26 Otisville Station Other 2% Drove 331 Middletown Station Walked Alone 4% 75% Campbell Hall Station Train 123 2% Carpooled Bus 9% Salisbury Mills Station 3% 444 671 Harriman Station

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: Metro-North; ACS, 2017

Length of Commute Orange County Residents Place of Work

Average Commute Time: 33 minutes

1 Hour or Longer 19% 18% Other 45 to 59 Minutes 9% 11% 24%

30 to 44 Minutes 16% Orange 22% Bergen 48% 4% 20 to 29 Minutes 16% 18% Dutchess 10 to 19 Minutes 26% 22% 4% Westchester Less than 10 Minutes 14% New York 10% 5% 10% Orange County New York State Rockland 5% Source:Source: American American Community Community Survey Survey (ACS), 2016 2017 Source: US Census Longitudinal Employment-Household Dynamics, 2015

The vast majority (75%) of Orange County residents drive alone when they commute to work. The average commute time for Orange County residents is 33 minutes, and 19% of residents have a commute of an hour or longer. Nearly half of Orange County residents work in Orange County. The next most common places of work for Orange County are New York City (10%) and Rockland County (5%). 21 Public Health

Residents without Health Insurance County Health Statistics

18% Residents per primary care physician 16% 15% New York 1,370:1 14% Orange 14% Residents per dentist 12% 1,460:1 12% 12% 10% Residents per mental health provider 10% 9% 9% 480:1 Preventable Hospital Stays per 1,000 8% 7% 6% 6% 6% 60 Medical Enrollees 6% 4% 2% 2% Robert Woods Johnson 2% <1% County Health Rankings (out of 62) 0%

0-18 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Over

65 and 65

55 to 64 to 55 19 to 19 25 to 26 34 to 35 44 to 45 54

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 23 20 23 23 21

Childhood Obesity OpioidOpioid-Related Deaths Deaths

Deaths per 100,000 people 18% 17.6% 25 17.3% 20 17% 16.5% 16.5% 15

16% 10

15% 5 Overweight Obese Orange New York State (excluding NYC) Orange County New York State 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NYS Department of Education, 2016 Source:Source: American NY State Community Department Survey of Health 2016

Orange County is consistently ranked as a relatively healthy county in New York State according to the annual Robert Woods Johnson County Health rankings, achieving a rank of 21 out of 62 in 2018. Like much of the nation, Orange County is grappling with a growing opioid addiction problem. Opioid-related deaths have increased since 2010 in both Orange County and New York State. Since 2010, opioid-related deaths per 100,000 persons have increased by over 200%. Public Safety 22

Property Crimes (per 10,000 residents) Violent Crimes (per 10,000 residents)

250 40

35 200 30

25 150

100 15

10 50 5

0 0

Misdemeanor Arrests by Type Felony Arrests by Type

3000 1600 Drug Violent DWI Other 1400 2500 1200 2000 1000

1500 800

600 1000 400 500 200 Drug DWI Property Other

0 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services

Following the national trend of declining crime, both property crimes and violent crimes are trending down in Orange County. However, misdemeanor drug crimes have been consistently increasing since 2000. This trend is likely linked to the increased prevalence of opioid abuse in Orange County and the Hudson Valley.

PUTNAM COUNTY DATA PROFILE 2019 1 County Overview Demographics 2

County Population Change Population Change by Municipality

+4.1% -0.2% 2017 % Change +14.1% Town +8.7% Population Since 2000 +36.2%

95,745 99,710 99,464 Carmel 34,328 3.4% 77,193 83,941

Kent 13,406 -4.3%

1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 Patterson 11,974 5.9%

Source: Decennial Census 1980 -2010; ACS, 2017 Philipstown 9,763 3.6%

Age Pyramid Putnam Valley 11,705 9.5%

2000 2017 Southeast 18,288 5.6% % of Male 85 + % of Female Population 80 to 84 Population 75 to 79 70 to 74 65 to 69 Village ------60 to 64 55 to 59 50 to 54 45 to 49 Brewster 2,360 9.2% 40 to 44 35 to 39 30 to 34 25 to 29 Cold Spring 1,834 -7.5% 20 to 24 15 to 19 10 to 14 5 to 9 < 5 Nelsonville 719 27.3% 10% 5% 5% 10% Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017

The population of Putnam County increased each decade from 1980 to 2010. However, this population growth has stalled in recent years. From 2010 to 2017, the population of Putnam County declined by %0.2. The age pyramid depicts an aging population with county residents aged 50 and older making up a significantly larger share of county population in 2017 than they did in the year 2000. 3 Population Density

County Population 99,464

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Demographics 4

Race & Ethnicity Place of Birth

Non-Citizen 5% Born 90% Region of Birth of White 83% Abroad Naturalized 8% Foreign-Born 80% Elsewhere in Population the U.S. 14% Other 2% 2% Black 2% 2% Latin America 44% 1% Asian 2% 2% New York Africa 1% 73% Asia 12% Hispanic 6% 12% States United the in Born & Latino 14% 2000 Europe 40% 1% 2010 Other 1% 2017 2% Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Language Spoken at Home Marital Status by Age Group

English 80% 3% 70% 68% 70% 68% 4% 70% 7% Spanish, and speak 60% 5% English "very well" 50% 37% Other language, and 40% speak English "very 30% well" 30% 81% Spanish, speak English 20%

less than "very well" of % Group Age Married 10%

Other language, speak 0% English less than "very Age 20 to 34 Age 35 to 44 Age 45 to 54 well" 2010 2017

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Population density is the highest in the three villages in the County: Cold Spring Nelsonville, and Brewster. The Village of Brewster doesn’t appear to have a high population density on the map because it is encompassed within a larger census tract with more suburban and rural areas included. Population density is also high in southern parts of the County at the border with Westchester County. Since 2000, Putnam County has experienced a significant growth of Hispanic and Latino residents, especially in the Village of Brewster. 5 Economy

2017 Employment by Sector (Percent of total Employment)

Health Care & Social Assistance Government / Public Administration Retail Trade Construction Accommodation & Food Services Manufacturing Other Services (except Public Administration) Professional & Technical Services Wholesale Trade Management of Companies and Enterprises Educational Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Finance & Insurance Information Transportation & Warehousing Real Estate & Rental & Leasing New York State Unclassified Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Putnam County

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%

Source: New York State Department of Labor

2017 Average Annual Wages by Sector

Government / Public Administration Information Finance & Insurance Wholesale Trade Manufacturing Professional & Technical Services Construction Health Care & Social Assistance Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Transportation & Warehousing Educational Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Unclassified Other Services (except Public Administration) Retail Trade Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting New York State Accommodation & Food Services Putnam County $0 $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $250,000

Source: New York State Department of Labor Economy 6

Unemployment Rate

12.0% United States New York State 10.0% Putnam County 8.0%

7.2% 7.2% 6.0% 6.7% 7.0% 6.1% 4.0% 4.9% 4.4% 4.3% 4.3% 3.9% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.7% 3.5% 3.4% 3.7% 2.0%2.9% 3.2%

0.0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Source: New York State Department of Labor

Number of Businesses by Size of Business Median Household Income

$120,000

$100,000 5 <1% 1,935 $80,000 16 67% 1% $60,000 150 35 5% 1% $40,000 278 10% $20,000 456 16% $0 2000 2010 2017 1-4 employees 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 (Inflation (Inflation Adjusted) Adjusted) 50 to 99 100 to 249 250 or more Putnam County New York State United States Source: U.S. Census County Business Patterns Survey, 2016 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017

The top two employment sectors in Putnam County are Healthcare & Social Assistance and Government / Public Administration. These two sectors alone account for 36% of total county employment. Although median income in Putnam County is significantly higher than the median income of the state, average wages in the county are generally lower than the state average. This speaks to the fact that the majority of Putnam County residents commute to a job outside of the County. 7 Income & Spending

ALICE Household Income Household Types by Income

16,000 40,000 14,000 35,000 12,000 30,000 10,000 25,000 66% 65% 64% 67% 68% 8,000 20,000 73% 6,000 65%

15,000 Households Households 4,000 10,000 29% 30% 30% 2,000 22% 32% 5,000 28% 28% 5% 3% 0 5% 0 5% 6% 5% 5% Single or Families with 65 and Older 2010 2012 2014 2016 Cohabitating Children

ALICE Household Survival Budget

One Adult and One Two Adults and Two Single Adult Married Couple School-Aged Child School-Aged Children

Housing $1,293 $1,357 $1,357 $1,571 Child Care $0 $0 $1,104 $2,208 Food $182 $414 $344 $691 Transportation $116 $116 $116 $186 Health Care $196 $392 $461 $727 Miscellaneous $231 $288 $421 $660 Technology $55 $75 $55 $75 Taxes $463 $522 $778 $1,138 Monthly Total $2,536 $3,164 $4,636 $7,256 Annual Total $30,432 Data $37,968Notes $55,632 $87,072 Hourly Wage $15.22 $18.98 $27.82 $43.54 Source: United Way, ALICE Project, 2016 Income & Spending 8

Average Household Spending

$5,035 Food away from home $1,141 Women’s Clothing

$7,070 Food at home $616 Men’s Clothing

$12,106 $3,193 Food & Drink $884 Alcoholic beverages Clothing $425 Children’s Clothing

$5,629 Health Insurance $1,327 Cable & TV

$947 Drugs & Vitamins $122 Movies / Museums / Parks

$8,458 $4,806 Health Care $692 Personal Care Products Entertainment $124 Theatre / Opera / Concerts

$369 Elementary & High School $10,000 Vehicle Maintenance

$1,851 College $10,000 Gasoline

$2,578 $11,256 Tuition $13 Vocational & Technical School Transportation $10,000 Road & Bridge Tolls Source: ESRI Business Analyst, 2017

Retail Leakage / Surplus

Nonstore Retailers (NAICS 454) -$21,899,658 Positive values represent a retail category where there is a surplus. Miscellaneous Store Retailers (NAICS 453) -$23,468,261 In these retail categories, retail Sports/Hobby/Book/Music Stores (NAICS 451) -$24,333,868 sales in Putnam County are greater Gasoline Stations (NAICS 447) -$24,953,758 than household spending in Putnam County (there are no Bldg/Garden Equip/Supply Stores (NAICS 444) -$38,085,400 surplus retail categories in Furniture/Home Furnishing Stores (NAICS 442) -$38,605,562 Putnam). Electronics & Appliance Stores (NAICS 443) -$45,884,463 Negative values represent retail Health and Personal Care Stores (NAICS 446) -$69,831,922 categories where there is leakage. Food and Beverage Stores (NAICS 445) -$88,079,631 In these retail categories, retail Food Services & Drinking Places (NAICS 722) -$104,538,155 sales in Putnam County are smaller than household spending in Clothing/Accessories Stores (NAICS 448) -$138,578,761 Putnam County, indicating that General Merchandise Stores (NAICS 452) -$159,820,872 Putnam County residents are Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (NAICS 441) -$222,891,118 shopping outside of the County in these retail categories. Total -$1,000,971,429 Source: ESRI Business Analyst, 2017 9 Median Household Income

County Median Income $99,608

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Income & Poverty 10

Median Household Income by Quintile Household Income Distribution

2010 $200,000 or more 15% (Inflation 2017 % Change $150,000 to $199,999 14% Adjusted) $100,000 to $149,999 21% Lowest Quintile $26,352 $24,817 -6% $75,000 to $99,999 13%

Second Quintile $64,464 $63,090 -2% $50,000 to $74,999 14%

$35,000 to $49,999 Third Quintile $100,043 $100,659 1% 7% $25,000 to $34,999 6% Fourth Quintile $143,136 $147,640 3% $15,000 to $24,999 6%

Highest Quintile $273,224 $287,476 5% $10,000 to $14,999 2%

Top 5 Percent $455,381 $500,226 10% Less than $10,000 2%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Households Below the Poverty Line Households Receiving SNAP Benefits

16% 16% 14% 14% 12% 12% 10% 10% 8% 8% 13.6% 14.6% 15.2% 6% 6% 11.2% 4% 4% 2% 4.3% 4.4% 2% 2.2% 3.4% 0% 0% 2010 2017 2010 2017

Putnam County New York State Putnam County New York State

Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017

Median household income in Putnam County is the highest of any County in the Hudson Valley region. In fact, its nearly $25,000 higher than the next closest county median income. Putnam County also has very low rates of poverty and SNAP usage. While there are pockets of poverty, the countywideData Notespoverty rate is just 4.4%, much lower than the statewide rote of 14.6%. 11 Median Rent

County Median Rent $1,334

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Housing 12

Housing Occupancy Distribution of Rents

18% Renter $2,500 or More 6% Median Rent Occupied $1,334 $2,000 to $2,499 10%

2,287 34,316 $1,500 to $1,999 22% Vacant Units Occupied 82% Units Owner Occupied $1,000 to $1,499 38%

$500 to $999 17%

Less than $500 7%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Age of Housing Stock Renter Housing Affordability

Built 2010 or later 1% >= 100% AMI 2000 to 2009 8% 81 to 100% 1990 to 1999 9% AMI

1980 to 1989 14% 51 to 80% AMI 1970 to 1979 16%

1960 to 1969 15% <= 50% AMI

1950 to 1959 13% - 1,000 2,000 3,000 1940 to 1949 8% Households

Built 1939 or earlier 17% Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015

In addition to high household incomes, Putnam County also has the highest median rent in the Hudson Valley region at $1,334 per month. There are nearly 3,000 renters that earn less than 50% of area median income (AMI). Over half of those households pay more than 50% of their household income towards housing costs, which indicates they are severely cost burdened. This illustrates that although Putnam County is overall very wealthy, there are a significant number of low income renters that are particularly challenged by the high housing costs in the County. 13 Median Home Value

County Median Home Value $357,700

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Housing 14

Owner Housing Affordability Home Value

>= 100% AMI $500,000 or More 21%

81 to 100% $300,000 to $499,999 45% AMI

$200,000 to $299,999 51 to 80% 23% AMI $150,000 to $199,999 5%

<= 50% AMI $100,000 to $149,999 3%

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 $50,000 to $99,999 1% Median Households Home Value Less than $50,000 2% $357,700 Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable

Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Median Home Price Housing Trends

$400,000 $335,900 2014 2018 % Change $350,000 Median $ 295,485 $ 335,900 14% $300,000 Putnam Price Closed County 888 1,218 37% $250,000 Sales New $200,000 2,080 1,865 -10% Listings $150,000 2014 2018 % Change $100,000 Median $ 225,000 $ 265,000 18% $50,000 New York Price Closed State 107,853 132,022 22% $- Sales 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 New 208,541 205,621 -1% Putnam New York State Listings Source: New York State Association of Realtors Source: New York State Association of Realtors

Median home prices in Putnam County are significantly higher than statewide home prices. Since 2012, median home prices in the County have been improving, tracking the statewide trend of slowly increasing home prices. 15 Primary School Enrollment

County Enrollment Change 2007-08 to 2017-18 -15%

Source: NYS Department of Education Education 16

Public School Enrollment Private School Enrollment

900 20000 2018 Enrollment: 501 18000 17002 800 Change since 2000: -54% Catholic Number of Schools: 5 16000 700 15747 14000 600 14025 12000 500 10000 400 8000 Independent 6000 300 4000 200 2000 100 0 Other Christian

2009-10 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

2016-17 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2017-18

Source: NYS Department of Education Source: NYS Department of Education

Post-Graduation Plans of Public School Graduation Rate Graduating High School Seniors

100% 90% 4% 2% 4% 80% 70% 60% 50% 21% 93% 87% 40% 80% 76% 30% 69% 20% 10% 0% Graduated Graduated with Regents or Adv. Regents Diploma Putnam New York 4-Year College 2-Year College Military Employment Other

Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017 Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017

Declining school enrollment is occurring throughout the Hudson Valley region. Since the 2004-05 school year, public school enrollment in Putnam County declined by 2,977. Since the 2007-08 school year, enrollment has declined in every school district. Religiously affiliated private school enrollment has also trended downward since the early 2000’s while independent private school enrollment is trending up. 17 Primary School Graduation

County Graduation Rate 2016-17 School Year 93%

Source: NYSAmerican Department Community of Education Survey 2016 Education 18

Educational Attainment of Residents Field of Bachelor’s Degree (population aged 25 years and over)

Field of Degree Number Percent

Science & Engineering Total 9,422 32% 7% 28% 17% 9% 22% 16% Computers, Mathematics, and 1,707 6% Statistics

Biological, Agricultural, and 1,049 4% Less than High School Graduate High School Diploma or GED Environmental Sciences 921 3% Some College, Associate's Degree Physical and Related Sciences No Degree Psychology 1,691 6% Bachelor's Degree Graduate or Professional Degree Social Sciences 2,618 9%

Source: US Department of Education, 2017 Engineering 1,241 4%

Multidisciplinary Studies 195 1% Residents with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher (population aged 25 years and over) Science & Engineering-Related 2,131 7% Fields 6,010 21% % Residents with Bachelor’s Degree or Higher Business 4,026 14% 45% Education 38.0% 38.5% 40% Arts, Humanities, & Other Total 7,659 26% 33.9% 35% Literature & Languages 1,733 6% 30% Liberal Arts & History 1,558 5% 25% Visual & Performing Arts 1,912 7% 20% 1,243 4% 15% Communications 2000 2010 2017 1,213 4% Putnam New York U.S Other

TOTAL 29,248 100% Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

The percentage of Putnam County residents with a bachelor’s degree or higher is trending upwards, in line with state and national trends. As of 2017, the percentage of Putnam County residents with a bachelor’s degree or higher (39%) is higher than the rate for New York State (35%) and the United States (31%). 19 Government

County Revenues County Expenditures

Other Total 2017 Revenues: 1% $158,217,259 Culture & Rec. 3% State Aid Charges Employee Benefits 13% Debt Service for Svcs. Federal Aid 19% 6% 6% 4% Charges to Other Community Govts. 3% Public Safety Real Property Taxes Services Other Real Prop. 18% & Assessments 4% Tax Items 3% Health 26% 7% Proceeds of Social Services Education Debt 3% 15% 7% Sales and Use Tax Transptn. 38% Other Revenues 2% General 9% Government Total 2017 Expenditures: 13% $155,824,373

Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018 Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018

Bond Rating & Tax Cap County Employees

Bond Ratings 98 Aa2 Moody’s Part Time Full Time AAAm Standard & Poor’s Median FT $72,043 Employee Salary 568 State Tax Cap FT employees earning at least 2013 Stayed within cap Stayed within cap 24% 2016 $100,000 2014 Stayed within cap 2017 Stayed within cap 2015 Stayed within cap 2018 Stayed within cap # of Employees Source: New York State Comptroller, 2018

County Revenues & Expenditures

$180,000,000 $175,000,000 $170,000,000 Expenditures $165,000,000 $160,000,000 $155,000,000 Revenues $150,000,000 $145,000,000 $140,000,000

$135,000,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller (Inflation Adjusted) Transportation 20

Means of Travel to Work Transportation Statistics

546 Cold Spring Train Station weekday Worked at ridership (2017) Home 5% Garrison Train Station Weekday Other 344 ridership (2017) 1% Drove Workforce that commutes on public Walked Alone 1% 8% transportation Train 76% 8% 32% Residents who work in Putnam County Bus Carpooled <1% 9% Residents who work outside of Putnam 68% County 98% Residents who own at least one car

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: Metro-North; ACS, 2017

Length of Commute Putnam County Residents Place of Work

Average Commute Time: 39 minutes

1 Hour or Longer 23% 18% Other Bronx 20% 15% Westchester 45 to 59 Minutes 3% 11% 32% 30 to 44 Minutes 23% Dutchess 22% 4% 20 to 29 Minutes 12% 18% Fairfield CT 7% 18% 10 to 19 Minutes Putnam 22% New York 21% 13% Less than 10 Minutes 8% 10% Putnam County New York State Source:Source: American American Community Community Survey Survey (ACS), 2016 2017 Source: US Census Longitudinal Employment-Household Dynamics, 2015

Putnam County has a very strong commuting relationship with Westchester County. More Putnam County residents work in Westchester County (32%) than work in Putnam County (21%). Putnam County commuters also have the longest average commute in the Hudson Valley region with an average commute of 39 minutes. Almost a quarter of Putnam County commuters have a commute to work that is over an hour long. 21 Public Health

Residents without Health Insurance County Health Statistics

18% Residents per primary care physician 16% 15% New York 2,020:1 14% Putnam 14% Residents per dentist 12%12% 1,710:1 12% 12% Residents per mental health provider 10% 9% 350:1 8% Preventable Hospital Stays per 1,000 8% 6% 6% 49 Medical Enrollees 6% 5% 4% 4% 3% 2% Robert Woods Johnson 2% <1% County Health Rankings (out of 62) 0%

0-18 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Over

65 and 65

55 to 64 to 55 19 to 19 25 to 26 34 to 35 44 to 45 54

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 4 2 4 5 5

Childhood Obesity OpioidOpioid-Related Deaths Deaths

Deaths per 100,000 people 25 18% 17.3% 20 17% 16.5% 16.3% 15 16%

15.1% 10 15%

5 14% Overweight Obese Putnam New York State (excluding NYC) 0 Putnam County New York State 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NYS Department of Education, 2016 Source:Source: American NY State Community Department Survey of Health 2016

Putnam County is consistently ranked as one of the healthiest counties New York State according to the annual Robert Woods Johnson County Health rankings, achieving the 2nd place ranking among all New York State counties in 2015. Relative to New York State, Putnam County has a significantly lower rate of childhood obesity. Like much of the nation, Putnam County is grappling with a growing opioid addiction problem. Opioid- related deaths have increased since 2010 in both Putnam County and New York State. Public Safety 22

Property Crimes (per 10,000 residents) Violent Crimes (per 10,000 residents)

140 20

18 120 16

100 14

12 80 10 60 8

40 6 4 20 2

0 0

Misdemeanor Arrests by Type Felony Arrests by Type

700 250 Drug DWI Property Other Drug Violent DWI Other 600 200 500

150 400

300 100

200 50 100

0 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services

Following the national trend of declining crime, both property crimes and violent crimes have been trending downward since 2000 in Putnam County. Misdemeanor drug arrests have been consistently increasing since 2000 in Putnam County. Felony drug arrests are also more common in 2017 than they were in 2000. This trend may be linked to the increased prevalence of opioid abuse in Putnam County and the Hudson Valley.

SULLIVAN COUNTY DATA PROFILE 2019 1 County Overview Demographics 2

County Population Change Population Change by Municipality 2017 % Change Town Population Since 2000 +6.8% +4.8% -2.3% +6.3% +23.9% Bethel 4,156 -4.7% Callicoon 2,964 -2.9% Cochecton 1,521 14.6% 73,966 77,547 75,783 65,155 69,277 Delaware 2,594 -4.6% Fallsburg 12,929 5.7% Forestburgh 1,103 32.7% Fremont 1,234 -11.3% 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 Highland 2,328 -3.3% Source: Decennial Census 1980 -2010; ACS, 2017 Liberty 9,462 -1.8% Lumberland 2,389 23.4% Mamakating 11,649 5.9% Age Pyramid Neversink 3,456 -2.8% Rockland 3,662 -6.4% 2000 2017

% of Male 85 + % of Female Thompson 15,034 6.0% Population 80 to 84 Population 75 to 79 Tusten 1,302 -8.0% 70 to 74 65 to 69 ------60 to 64 Village 55 to 59 50 to 54 Bloomingburg 389 10.2% 45 to 49 40 to 44 Jeffersonville 306 -27.1% 35 to 39 30 to 34 Liberty 4,175 5.0% 25 to 29 20 to 24 Monticello 6,562 0.8% 15 to 19 10 to 14 Woodridge 916 1.6% 5 to 9 < 5 10% 5% 5% 10% Wurtsboro 1,264 2.4% Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017

The population of Sullivan County increased steadily each decade from 1980 to 2010. However, this population growth has stalled in recent years. From 2010 to 2017, the population of Sullivan County declined by 2.3%. Since 2000, the Town of Forestburgh experienced the greatest percent growth with a population increase of 32.7%. The Village of Jeffersonville, which lies entirely in the Town of Callicoon, experienced the largest percentage decrease in population, dropping by over 27%. 3 Population Density

County Population 75,783

Source: DecennialAmerican CommunityCensus 2000; Survey ACS 2016(ACS), 2017 Demographics 4

Race & Ethnicity Place of Birth

Born Non-Citizen 4% 80% Abroad Naturalized 5% Region of Birth of White 75% Foreign-Born 72% Elsewhere in Population the U.S. 18% Other 2% 8% Black 8% 8% Latin America 1% 49% Asian 1% 2% New York 73% Africa 1% Hispanic 9% Asia 13% 14% & Latino 15% States United the in Born 2000 Europe 2% 2010 35% Other 2% 2017 3%

Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Language Spoken at Home Marital Status by Age Group

English 90% 81% 3%2% 80% 75% 76% 4% 72% 70% 6% Spanish, and speak English "very well" 60% 50% 40% Other language, and 40% speak English "very 29% well" 30% 85% Spanish, speak English 20% less than "very well" of % Group Age Married 10% 0% Other language, speak Age 20 to 34 Age 35 to 44 Age 45 to 54 English less than "very well" 2010 2017

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

In Sullivan County, and much of the Hudson Valley, the Hispanic and Latino population has grown significantly in recent years. The Hispanic and Latino Population now accounts for 15% of total county population, up from 9% in 2000. The largest percentage of foreign- born persons living in Sullivan County were born in Latin America. The percentage of county residents that are married decreased in both age cohorts of 20 to 34 and 35 to 44, but slightly increased in the age cohort of 45 to 54. 5 Economy

2016 Employment by Sector (Percent of total Employment)

Health Care & Social Assistance Government / Public Administration Retail Trade Accommodation & Food Services Manufacturing Transportation & Warehousing Construction Other Services (except Public Administration) Admin & Support & Remediation Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Finance & Insurance Wholesale Trade Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Professional & Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Educational Services Information Mining, Quarrying, and Oil & Gas Extraction New York State Utilities Unclassified Sullivan County 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Source: New York State Department of Labor

2016 Average Annual Wages by Sector

Utilities Finance & Insurance Management of Companies and Enterprises Government / Public Administration Mining, Quarrying, and Oil & Gas Extraction Construction Wholesale Trade Information Unclassified Professional & Technical Services Manufacturing Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Health Care & Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Admin & Support & Remediation Services Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Transportation & Warehousing Other Services (except Public Administration) Retail Trade Accommodation & Food Services New York State Educational Services Sullivan County

Source: New York State Department of Labor $0 $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $250,000 Economy 6

Unemployment Rate

12.0% United States New York State 10.0% 9.1% 8.7% 8.9% 8.9% 8.1% Sullivan County 8.0% 6.5% 6.6%

6.0% 5.4% 4.8% 4.9% 4.1% 5.2% 5.3% 5.2% 4.0% 5.0% 4.8% 5.0% 4.4% 4.5%

2.0%

0.0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: New York State Department of Labor

Number of Businesses by Size of Business Median Household Income

$70,000 $60,000 9 <1% 1,213 $50,000 64% 21 $40,000 1% $30,000 125 21 7% $20,000 1% 202 $10,000 11% 308 16% $0 2000 2010 2017 (Inflation (Inflation 1-4 employees 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 Adjusted) Adjusted)

50 to 99 100 to 249 250 or more Sullivan County New York State United States

Source: U.S. Census County Business Patterns Survey, 2016 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017

Healthcare is the dominant employment sector in both Sullivan County and New York State, but to a greater degree in Sullivan. Healthcare accounts for over 25% of total employment in Sullivan County. The unemployment rate in the County started to increase earlier (2005) and recovered later (2012) than both the state and nation. The median household income in Sullivan County (adjusted for inflation) has slightly increased since 2000, but has been consistently lower than the median household income of New York State and the nation. In 2000, the county median was 12% lower than the state and was 14% lower than the state by 2017. 7 Income & Spending

ALICE stands for Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed. The ALICE project by United Way is an effort to quantify and describe the number of households that are struggling financially who are typically not captured by traditional poverty metrics such as the Federal Poverty Level. Those living in households below the ALICE threshold are employed and living above the federal poverty line but are still struggling to afford basic essentials. The Household Survival Budget is an estimate of the cost of household essentials.

ALICE Household Income Household Types by Income

10,000 35,000 9,000 30,000 8,000 25,000 7,000 56% 55% 6,000 44% 20,000 57% 54% 49% 50% 5,000 15,000 4,000 Households 3,000 24% Households 44% 10,000 27% 30% 25% 32% 32% 2,000 5,000 1,000 20% 21% 12% 18% 18% 14% 18% 0 0 Single or Families with 65 and Older 2010 2012 2014 2016 Cohabitating Children

ALICE Household Survival Budget

One Adult and One Two Adults and Two Single Adult Married Couple School-Aged Child School-Aged Children

Housing $712 $746 $746 $898 Child Care $0 $0 $596 $1,192 Food $182 $414 $344 $691 Transportation $341 $409 $409 $682 Health Care $213 $425 $487 $792 Miscellaneous $183 $247 $310 $503 Technology $55 $75 $55 $75 Taxes $330 $405 $464 $697 Monthly Total $2,016 $2,721 $3,411 $5,530 Annual Total $24,192 Data $32,652Notes $40,932 $66,360 Hourly Wage $12.10 $16.33 $20.47 $33.18 Source: United Way, ALICE Project, 2016 Income & Spending 8

Average Household Spending

$2,988 Food away from home 1,825 $625 Women’s Apparel

$4,463 Food at home $351 Men’s Apparel

$7,450 $1,825 Food & Drink $461 Alcoholic beverages Clothing $266 Children’s Apparel

$3,450 Health Insurance $886 Cable & TV

$674 Drugs & Vitamins $65 Movies / Museums / Parks

$5,267 $2,855 Health Care $421 Personal Care Products Entertainment $52 Theatre / Opera / Concerts

$161 Elementary & High School $959 Vehicle Maintenance

$757 College $2,113 Gasoline

$1,120w $7,198 Tuition $8 Vocational & Technical School Transportation $39 Road & Bridge Tolls

Retail Leakage / Surplus

Gasoline Stations (NAICS 447) $258,011,151 Positive values represent a retail General Merchandise Stores (NAICS 452) $57,418,156 category where there is a surplus. Bldg/Garden Equip/Supply Stores (NAICS 444) -$3,205,753 In these retail categories, retail Sports/Hobby/Book/Music Stores (NAICS 451) -$15,304,029 sales in Sullivan County are greater than household spending in Food and Beverage Stores (NAICS 445) -$17,667,085 Sullivan County. Electronics & Appliance Stores (NAICS 443) -$17,999,648 Nonstore Retailers (NAICS 454) -$18,088,641 Negative values represent retail Food Services & Drinking Places (NAICS 722) -$21,681,418 categories where there is leakage. In these retail categories, retail Miscellaneous Store Retailers (NAICS 453) -$21,993,448 sales in Sullivan County are smaller Furniture/Home Furnishing Stores (NAICS 442) -$22,145,901 than household spending in Health and Personal Care Stores (NAICS 446) -$38,531,882 Sullivan County, indicating that Clothing/Accessories Stores (NAICS 448) -$62,683,927 Sullivan County residents are shopping outside of the County in Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (NAICS 441) -$97,421,798 these retail categories. Total -$21,294,223 9 Median Household Income

County Median Income $53,877

Source: American Community Survey 2016(ACS), 2017 Income & Poverty 10

Median Household Income by Quintile Household Income Distribution

2010 $200,000 or more 4% (Inflation 2017 % Change $150,000 to $199,999 5% Adjusted) $100,000 to $149,999 13% Lowest Quintile $12,165 $12,258 1% $75,000 to $99,999 13%

Second Quintile $31,733 $31,639 0% $50,000 to $74,999 19%

Third Quintile $54,091 $53,675 -1% $35,000 to $49,999 13% $25,000 to $34,999 11% Fourth Quintile $82,292 $83,335 1% $15,000 to $24,999 11% Highest Quintile $159,264 $181,854 14% $10,000 to $14,999 6% Top 5 Percent $256,376 $324,902 27% Less than $10,000 6%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Households Below the Poverty Line Households Receiving SNAP Benefits

16% 16.0% 14% 14.0% 12% 12.0% 10% 10.0% 8% 14.7% 8.0% 14.1% 13.6% 14.6% 15.2% 6% 13.5% 6.0% 11.2% 4% 4.0% 9.2% 2% 2.0% 0% 0.0% 2010 2017 2010 2017

Sullivan County New York State Sullivan County New York State

Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017

Median household income in Sullivan County is lowest in the villages of Monticello and Liberty. The percentage of households in poverty in Sullivan County has remained relatively constant since 2010. The poverty rate in Sullivan County is high relative to the rest of the Hudson Valley. The percentage of Sullivan County households receiving SNAP benefits has increased since 2010, in line with the statewide trend. 11 Median Rent

County Median Rent $860

Source: American Community Survey 2016(ACS), 2017 Housing 12

Housing Occupancy Distribution of Rents

$2,500 or More <1% Median Rent 33% $860 Renter Occupied $2,000 to $2,499 1%

27,679 $1,500 to $1,999 4% 6,120 Occupied Vacant Units 67% Units Owner $1,000 to $1,499 28% Occupied

$500 to $999 56%

Less than $500 11%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Age of Housing Stock Renter Housing Affordability

Built 2010 or later 1% >= 100% AMI 2000 to 2009 14% 81 to 100% 1990 to 1999 9% AMI 1980 to 1989 15% 51 to 80% 1970 to 1979 12% AMI

1960 to 1969 9% <= 50% AMI 1950 to 1959 10% - 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 1940 to 1949 8% Households Built 1939 or earlier 22% Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015

The median rent is highest in the eastern portion of Sullivan county in the Town of Mamakating. Rent in Sullivan County is low relative to the rest of the Hudson Valley with 67% of rents in the county less than $1,000 per month. There are over 4,000 renters that earn less than 50% of area median income (AMI). Over half of those households pay more than 50% of their household income towards housing costs, which indicates they are severely cost burdened. 13 Median Home Value

County Median Home Value $167,900

Source: American Community Survey 2016(ACS), 2017 Housing 14

Owner Housing Affordability Home Value

>= 100% AMI $500,000 or More 5% Median Home Value 81 to 100% $300,000 to $499,999 12% $167,900 AMI $200,000 to $299,999 22% 51 to 80% AMI $150,000 to $199,999 21%

<= 50% AMI $100,000 to $149,999 16%

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 $50,000 to $99,999 17% Households Less than $50,000 7% Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Median Home Price Housing Trends

$300,000 2014 2018 % Change $250,000 Median $120,000 $127,500 6% Sullivan Price $200,000 Closed County 736 1,095 49% Sales $127,500 $150,000 New 2,136 2,038 -5% Listings $100,000 2014 2018 % Change Median $50,000 $225,000 $265,000 18% New York Price Closed $- State 107,853 132,022 22% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Sales New 208,541 205,621 -1% Sullivan New York State Listings Source: New York State Association of Realtors Source: New York State Association of Realtors

The majority of homeowners in Sullivan County earn an income that is equal to or greater than the area median income (AMI). Among these homeowners that are earning 100% or more of AMI, the majority of them are paying less than 30% of their income towards housing. Median home prices have marginally increased in Sullivan County since 2014. Over this same time period Sullivan County also experienced a 49% increase in the number of closed sales, increasing from 736 in 2014 to 1,095 in 2018. 15 Primary School Enrollment

County Enrollment Change 2007-08 to 2017-18 -12%

Source: NYSAmerican Department Community of Education Survey 2016 Education 16

Public School Enrollment Private School Enrollment

900 14000 Jewish 800 12000 11507 Independent 700 10000 11240 9440 Roman Catholic 600 9347 Other Christian 8000 500 6000 400 300 4000 2018 Enrollment: 1,149 200 Change since 2000: 43% 2000 Number of Schools: 10 100 0

2009-10 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Source: NYS Department of Education Source: NYS Department of Education

Post-Graduation Plans of Public School Graduation Rate Graduating High School Seniors

90% 4% 80%

70% 15%

60% 32% 50% 4%

40% 76% 80% 76% 69% 30% 20% 45% 10% 0% Graduated Graduated with Regents or Adv. Regents Diploma 4-Year College 2-Year College Military Employment Other Sullivan New York Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017 Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017

Declining school enrollment is occurring throughout the Hudson Valley region. Since the 2002-03 school year, public school enrollment in Sullivan County declined by 2,067, or 18%. However, private Jewish and other independent schools have witnessed an increase in enrollment, while Roman Catholic and other Christian schools have declined. Most graduating high school seniors (77%) in Sullivan County plan on going to college; 45% plan on going to a 2-year college, and 32% plan on going to a 4-year college. 17 Primary School Graduation

County Graduation Rate 2016-17 School Year 76%

Source: NYSAmerican Department Community of Education Survey 2016 Education 18

College Enrollment Snapshot College Enrollment Trends

1,764 Total College/University Enrollment 2500

1956 1,730 Total Undergraduate Students 2000 1833 1764 34 Total Graduate Students 1500

1000 Sullivan County Community College 1565 Yeshivath Zichron Moshe 199 500

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source: US Department of Education, 2017 Source: US Department of Education

Educational Attainment of Residents Field of Bachelors Degree (population aged 25 years and over)

Field of Degree Number Percent Science & Engineering Total 4,333 33% 14% 33% 18% 11% 13% 10% Computers, Mathematics, and 482 4% Statistics

Biological, Agricultural, and 551 4% Less than High School Graduate High School Diploma or GED Environmental Sciences Physical and Related Sciences 416 3% Some College, Associate's Degree 1,034 8% No Degree Psychology 1,228 9% Bachelor's Degree Graduate or Professional Degree Social Sciences Engineering 504 4% Multidisciplinary Studies 118 1% % Residents with Bachelor’s Degree or Higher Science & Engineering-Related 1,179 9% 40% Fields

35% Business 1,811 14%

30% Education 2,048 16% 23.4% Arts, Humanities, & Other Total 3,715 28% 25% 20.2% Literature & Languages 811 6% 20% 16.7% Liberal Arts & History 685 5% 15% Visual & Performing Arts 996 8% 10% Communications 367 3% 2000 2010 2017 856 7% Sullivan New York U.S Other TOTAL 13,086 100% Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 19 Government

County Revenues County Expenditures

Total 2017 Revenues: Other $218,465,130 2% State Aid Education 11% Public Safety Other Local 2% Federal Sanitation 26% Charges for Revenues Aid 9% 3% Services 5% 19% Debt Other Real Prop. Service 6% Tax Items 4% Social Services Transportation 19% Sales and Use Tax Charges to Other 8% 19% Govts. 3% Real Property Taxes General Govt. Proceeds of & Assessments 10% Employee Other Debt 1% Health 28% 1% Benefits 11% 13% Total 2017 Expenditures: $274,004,385

Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018 Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018

Bond Rating & Tax Cap County Employees

State Tax Cap 310 Part Time Full Time Exceeded the cap Stayed within cap 2013 2016 Median FT $52,489 Employee Salary 897 2014 Stayed within cap 2017 Exceeded the cap FT employees 2% earning at least $100,000 2015 Stayed within cap 2018 Stayed within cap # of Employees

Source: New York State Comptroller, 2018

County Revenues & Expenditures

$400,000,000 $350,000,000 Expenditures $300,000,000 Revenues $250,000,000 $200,000,000 $150,000,000 $100,000,000 $50,000,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller (Inflation Adjusted) Transportation 20

Means of Travel to Work Transportation Statistics

Worked at Residents within a 15 minute walk to a Home 5% 2% train station

Other Workforce that commutes on public 2% 47% transportation Walked Drove 3% Alone Residents who work in Sullivan County Train 81% 53% <1% Carpooled 8% Residents who work outside of Sullivan Bus 94% 1% County 2% Residents who own at least one car

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: Metro-North; ACS, 2017

Length of Commute Sullivan County Residents Place of Work

Average Commute Time: 31 minutes

1 Hour or Longer 15% 18% Other 45 to 59 Minutes 6% Westchester 21% 11% 2% 30 to 44 Minutes 16% 22% Sullivan Dutchess 47% 20 to 29 Minutes 21% 3% 18% Ulster 10 to 19 Minutes 27% 22% 4% Orange New York Less than 10 Minutes 15% 18% 10% 5% Sullivan County New York State

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: US Census Longitudinal Employment-Household Dynamics, 2015

The vast majority (81%) of Sullivan County residents drive alone when they commute to work. The average commute time for Sullivan County residents is 31 minutes, and 15% of residents have a commute of an hour or longer. Nearly half of Sullivan County residents work in Sullivan County. The next most common places of work for Sullivan County are Orange County (18%) and New York City (5%). 21 Public Health

Residents without Health Insurance County Health Statistics

25% Residents per primary care physician New York 2,580:1 20% 20% Sullivan 2,580:1 Residents per dentist 15% 15% Residents per mental health provider 15% 13% 550:1 12% 12% Preventable Hospital Stays per 1,000 10% 9% 9% 49 Medical Enrollees 7% 6% 6% 5% 2% 2% Robert Woods Johnson <1% County Health Rankings (out of 62) 0%

0-18 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Over

65 and 65

55 to 64 to 55 19 to 19 25 to 26 34 to 35 44 to 45 54

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 61 61 61 61 61

Childhood Obesity OpioidOpioid-Related Deaths Deaths

Deaths per 100,000 people 25% 40 21.6% 35 20% 17.4% 16.5% 17.3% 30 15% 25

10% 20 15 5% 10 0% 5 Overweight Obese Sullivan New York State (excluding NYC) 0 Sullivan County New York State 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NYS Department of Education, 2016 Source:Source: American NY State Community Department Survey of Health 2016

Sullivan County is consistently ranked as the second most unhealthy county in New York State (61 out of 62) according to the annual Robert Woods Johnson County Health rankings. When comparing the County to New York sate, Sullivan has a higher percentage of residents without health insurance in each age cohort except 18 and under and 65 and over. Like much of the nation, Sullivan County is grappling with a growing opioid addiction problem. Opioid-related deaths have increased since 2010 in both Sullivan County and New York State. Public Safety 22

Property Crimes (per 10,000 residents) Violent Crimes (per 10,000 residents)

300 50

45 250 40

35 200 30

150 25

20 100 15

10 50 5

0 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services

Misdemeanor Arrests by Type Felony Arrests by Type

900 450 Drug DWI Property Other Drug Violent DWI Other 800 400

700 350

600 300

500 250

400 200

300 150

200 100

100 50

0 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services

Following the national trend of declining crime, both property crimes and violent crimes have been trending downward since 2000 in Sullivan County. However, violent crime started increase again in 2014. Misdemeanor drug arrests have been consistently increasing since 2000 in Sullivan County. This trend may be linked to the increased prevalence of opioid abuse in Sullivan County and the Hudson Valley.

ULSTER COUNTY DATA PROFILE 2019 1 County Overview Demographics 2

County Population Change Population Change by Municipality 2017 % Change City +7.5% +2.7% -1.3% Population Since 2000 +4.5% +12.0% Kingston 23,419 -0.2% Town ------Denning 535 3.7% 182,493 180,129 165,304 177,749 158,158 Esopus 8,886 -4.8% Gardiner 5,671 8.3% Hardenburgh 233 12.0% Hurley 6,168 -6.0% 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 Kingston 1,055 15.7% Source: Decennial Census 1980 -2010; ACS, 2017 Lloyd 10,571 6.3% Marbletown 5,543 -5.3%

Age Pyramid Marlborough 8,727 5.6% New Paltz 14,124 10.1% 2000 2017 Olive 4,333 -5.4% % of Male 85 + % of Female Population 80 to 84 Population Plattekill 10,323 4.4% 75 to 79 70 to 74 65 to 69 Rochester 7,254 3.4% 60 to 64 55 to 59 Rosendale 5,952 -6.3% 50 to 54 45 to 49 Saugerties 19,192 2.0% 40 to 44 35 to 39 Shandaken 2,847 -12.0% 30 to 34 25 to 29 Shawangunk 14,095 17.2% 20 to 24 15 to 19 10 to 14 Ulster 12,335 -1.6% 5 to 9 < 5 Wawarsing 13,004 -6.7% 10% 5% 5% 10% Woodstock 5,862 -6.1% Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS, 2017

From 1980 to 2010, population growth in Ulster County has been modest but relatively steady, slowing down in later years. From 2010 to 2017, county population decreased by about 2,000 (-1.3%). About half of municipalities in Ulster County experienced population growth since 2000. The Town of Shawangunk had the largest percentage population growth, increasing by 17.2% fromData2000 Notesto 2017. The City of Kingston, which has been experiencing some revitalization in recent years, had virtually no population change since 2000, decreasing by 0.2% since 2000. 3 Population Density

County Population 180,129

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Demographics 4

Race & Ethnicity Place of Birth

Born Non-Citizen 4% 86% Abroad Naturalized 4% Region of Birth of Foreign-Born White 82% Elsewhere in 80% Population the U.S. 17% Other 4% 5% Black 5% 5% Latin America 41% 1% Asian 2% New York 2% 75% Africa 4% Asia 22% Hispanic 6% 9% States United the in Born & Latino 10% 2000 Europe 2% 2010 29% Other 2% 2017 3% Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Language Spoken at Home Marital Status by Age Group

2% 1% 70% English 63% 61% 60% 4% 60% 4% 54% Spanish, and speak 50% English "very well" 40% 32% Other language, and 30% 26% speak English "very well" 20% 89% Spanish, speak English less than "very well" of % Group Age Married 10% 0% Other language, speak Age 20 to 34 Age 35 to 44 Age 45 to 54 English less than "very well" 2010 2017

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

As seen on the population density map, most of Ulster County’s population resides in the eastern half of the County. The western half of the County falls within the Catskill Mountains and is largely undevelopable. The majority (80%) of Ulster County residents are White. However, racial and ethnic diversity is slowly increasing in the County, primarily driven by an increasing Hispanic and Latino population, which now accounts for 10% of the total county population. 5 Economy

2017 Employment by Sector (Percent of total Employment)

Government / Public Administration Health Care & Social Assistance Retail Trade Accommodation & Food Services Manufacturing Construction Other Services (except Public Administration) Admin & Support & Remediation Services Professional & Technical Services Transportation & Warehousing Wholesale Trade Finance & Insurance Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Educational Services Information Management of Companies and Enterprises New York State Unclassified Mining, Quarrying, and Oil & Gas Extraction Ulster County 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Source: New York State Department of Labor

2017 Average Annual Wages by Sector

Mining, Quarrying, and Oil & Gas Extraction Finance & Insurance Management of Companies and Enterprises Government / Public Administration Professional & Technical Services Wholesale Trade Construction Manufacturing Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Health Care & Social Assistance Information Admin & Support & Remediation Services Transportation & Warehousing Unclassified Educational Services Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Retail Trade Arts, Entertainment & Recreation New York State Other Services (except Public Administration) Ulster County Accommodation & Food Services $0 $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $250,000 Source: New York State Department of Labor Economy 6

Unemployment Rate

12.0% United States New York State 10.0% Ulster County 8.0% 8.3% 7.7% 7.8% 7.8% 6.0% 7.1%

5.5% 5.7% 4.0% 4.9% 4.5% 4.8% 4.6% 4.4% 4.3% 4.1% 4.3% 4.4% 3.6% 3.8% 3.9% 2.0%

0.0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: New York State Department of Labor

Number of Businesses by Size of Business Median Household Income

$70,000

14 $60,000 <1% 2,975 $50,000 48 62% $40,000 1% 283 $30,000 104 6% 2% 542 $20,000 11% 848 $10,000 18% $0 2000 2010 2017 1-4 employees 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 (Inflation (Inflation Adjusted) Adjusted) 50 to 99 100 to 249 250 or more Ulster County New York State United States Source: U.S. Census County Business Patterns Survey, 2016 Source: Decennial Census 2000; ACS 2010, 2017

Wages in Ulster County are lower than the statewide average in every industry sector except Mining, Quarrying, and Oil & Gas Extraction. However, this industry sector only accounts for less than one percent of employment in Ulster County. Median household income in Ulster County was slightly higher than the median household income of New York State in 2000 and 2010, but then it dipped slightly lower than the state median in 2017. 7 Income & Spending

ALICE Household Income Household Types by Income

80,000 35,000 70,000 30,000 60,000 25,000 50,000 57% 61% 55% 60% 59% 20,000 40,000 15,000 60%

30,000 Households Households 10,000 54% 20,000 32% 28% 33% 30% 31% 10,000 5,000 30% 28% 12% 11% 12% 11% 9% 0 0 16% 12% 2010 2012 2014 2016 Single or Families with 65 and Older Cohabitating Children

Below Poverty Threshold Below Poverty Threshold Below ALICE Threshold Below ALICE Treshold Above ALICE Treshold Above ALICE Treshold Source: United Way, ALICE Project Source: United Way, ALICE Project

ALICE Household Survival Budget

One Adult and One Two Adults and Two Single Adult Married Couple School-Aged Child School-Aged Children

Housing $707 $904 $904 $1,146 Child Care $0 $0 $833 $1,667 Food $182 $414 $344 $691 Transportation $341 $409 $409 $682 Health Care $213 $425 $487 $792 Miscellaneous $183 $270 $365 $603 Technology $55 $75 $55 $75 Taxes $328 $471 $619 $980 Monthly Total $2,009 $2,968 $4,016 $6,636 Annual Total $24,108 Data $35,616Notes $48,192 $79,632 Hourly Wage $12.05 $17.81 $24.10 $39.82 Source: United Way, ALICE Project Income & Spending 8

Average Household Spending

$3,620 Food away from home $777 Women’s Apparel

$5,225 Food at home $429 Men’s Apparel

$8,846 $2,234 Food & Drink $590 Alcoholic beverages Clothing $317 Children’s Apparel

$4,054 Health Insurance $1,017 Cable & TV

$751 Drugs & Vitamins $82 Movies / Museums / Parks

$6,154 $3,405 Health Care $504 Personal Care Products Entertainment $72 Theatre / Opera / Concerts

$218 Elementary & High School $1,132 Vehicle Maintenance

$1,068 College $2,402 Gasoline

$1,536 $8,386 Tuition $10 Vocational & Technical School Transportation $56 Road & Bridge Tolls Source: ESRI Business Analyst, 2017

Retail Leakage / Surplus

Food and Beverage Stores (NAICS 445) $150,389,497 Positive values represent a retail General Merchandise Stores (NAICS 452) $52,390,446 category where there is a surplus. Sports/Hobby/Book/Music Stores (NAICS 451) $43,549,740 In these retail categories, retail Bldg/Garden Equip/Supply Stores (NAICS 444) $24,612,754 sales in Ulster County are greater than household spending in Ulster Miscellaneous Store Retailers (NAICS 453) $15,165,868 County. Nonstore Retailers (NAICS 454) -$3,700,745 Electronics & Appliance Stores (NAICS 443) -$23,330,115 Negative values represent retail categories where there is leakage. Gasoline Stations (NAICS 447) -$34,618,922 In these retail categories, retail Furniture/Home Furnishing Stores (NAICS 442) -$48,339,359 sales in Ulster County are smaller Health and Personal Care Stores (NAICS 446) -$81,892,405 than household spending in Ulster County, indicating that Ulster Food Services & Drinking Places (NAICS 722) -$83,587,121 County residents are shopping Clothing/Accessories Stores (NAICS 448) -$161,448,991 outside of the County in these Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (NAICS 441) -$162,512,345 retail categories. Total -$313,321,698 Source: ESRI Business Analyst, 2017 9 Median Household Income

County Median Income $61,652

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Income & Poverty 10

Median Household Income by Quintile Household Income Distribution

2010 $200,000 or more 6% (Inflation 2017 % Change $150,000 to $199,999 6% Adjusted) $100,000 to $149,999 16% Lowest Quintile $16,186 $13,814 -15% $75,000 to $99,999 12%

Second Quintile $39,910 $35,596 -11% $50,000 to $74,999 18%

$35,000 to $49,999 12% Third Quintile $64,925 $61,615 -5% $25,000 to $34,999 10% Fourth Quintile $97,448 $95,605 -2% $15,000 to $24,999 9%

Highest Quintile $192,863 $197,137 2% $10,000 to $14,999 6%

Top 5 Percent $321,148 $331,715 3% Less than $10,000 5%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2010, 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Households Below the Poverty Line Households Receiving SNAP Benefits

16% 16% 14% 14% 12% 12% 10% 10% 8% 8% 15.2% 13.6% 14.6% 6% 11.7% 6% 11.2% 9.8% 11.2% 4% 4% 7.7% 2% 2% 0% 0% 2010 2017 2010 2017

Ulster County New York State Ulster County New York State

Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017 Source: Decennial Census 2010; ACS 2017

Median household income in Ulster County is highest in the Town of New Paltz. The median household income map reveals a slight geographic pattern of higher median household incomes in the eastern part of the County and lower median household incomes in the western part of the County. The percentage of households in Ulster county living in poverty and the percentage of households receiving SNAP benefits increased from 2010 to 2017, but remained below the statewide rate. 11 Median Rent

County Median Rent $1,053

Source: American Community Survey 2016(ACS), 2017 Housing 12

Housing Occupancy Distribution of Rents

$2,500 or More 1% Median Rent 31% $1,053 Renter Occupied $2,000 to $2,499 2%

7,392 69,662 $1,500 to $1,999 12% Vacant Units Occupied 69% Units Owner $1,000 to $1,499 41% Occupied

$500 to $999 37%

Less than $500 7%

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Age of Housing Stock Renter Housing Affordability

Built 2010 or later 2% >= 100% AMI

2000 to 2009 9% 81 to 100% 1990 to 1999 8% AMI

1980 to 1989 12% 51 to 80% AMI 1970 to 1979 12%

1960 to 1969 12% <= 50% AMI

1950 to 1959 13% - 5,000 10,000 15,000 1940 to 1949 5% Households

Built 1939 or earlier 27% Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015

Median rent in Ulster County is highest in the Towns of New Paltz and Hurley. Just over 10,000 renters in Ulster County earn an income that is less than half of area median income (AMI). Among those low income renters, the majority of them are severely cost- burdened by their housing and spend more than half of their income towards housing costs. 13 Median Home Value

County Median Home Value $221,600

Source: American Community Survey 2016(ACS), 2017 Housing 14

Owner Housing Affordability Home Value

>= 100% AMI $500,000 or More 7% Median Home Value 81 to 100% $300,000 to $499,999 19% $221,600 AMI $200,000 to $299,999 31% 51 to 80% AMI $150,000 to $199,999 21%

<= 50% AMI $100,000 to $149,999 12%

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 $50,000 to $99,999 5% Households Less than $50,000 4% Affordable Unaffordable Severly Unaffordable Source: HUD - Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy 2011 -2015 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017

Median Home Price Housing Trends

$300,000 2014 2018 % Change $250,000 Median $ 199,900 $ 230,000 15% Ulster Price $200,000 $230,000 Closed County 1,660 2,142 29% Sales New $150,000 3,913 3,408 -13% Listings $100,000 2014 2018 % Change Median $50,000 $ 225,000 $ 265,000 18% New York Price Closed $- State 107,853 132,022 22% Sales 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 New 208,541 205,621 -1% Ulster New York State Listings Source: New York State Association of Realtors Source: New York State Association of Realtors

About 70% of households in Ulster are owner-occupied. Almost 30,000 of households earn an income equal to or greater than area median income (AMI). Among these homeowners that are earning 100% or more of AMI, the majority of them are paying less than 30% of their income towards housing. Median home prices have increased in Ulster County in recent years, increasing by 15% from 2014 to 2018. Median home prices have recovered slower in Ulster compared to New York State. 15 Primary School Enrollment

County Enrollment Change e 2007-08 to 2017-18 -15%

Source: NYS Department of Education Education 16

Public School Enrollment Private School Enrollment

35000 1400 2018 Enrollment: 1,611 28721 30000 1200 Change since 2000: -27% Independent Number of Schools: 19 25000 1000 22570 20000 800 Catholic 15000 600

10000 400 Other Christian 5000 200 0

2002-03 2000-01 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Post-Graduation Plans of Public School Graduation Rate Graduating High School Seniors

100% 90% 80% 9%

70% 9% 60% 2% 50% 39% 86% 40% 80% 75% 76% 30% 41% 20% 10% 0% Graduated Graduated with Regents or Adv. Regents Diploma 4-Year College 2-Year College Military Employment Other Ulster New York

Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017 Source: NYS Department of Education, 2017

Public school enrollment has been declining in every district in Ulster County since the early 2000’s. The last time Countywide public school enrollment increased was the 2003- 04 school year. Enrollment has declined every year since. Private school enrollment remains relatively low in Ulster County, and is declining in enrollment overall. Private schools with religious affiliation have experienced declining enrollment while other private schools have experienced some growth since the early 2000’s. 17 Primary School Graduation

County Graduation Rate 2016-17 School Year 86%

Source: NYSAmerican Department Community of Education Survey 2016 Education 18

College Enrollment Snapshot College Enrollment Trends

11,190 Total College/University Enrollment 14000 11613 10,358 Total Undergraduate Students 12000 11073 11190 832 Total Graduate Students 10000 SUNY at New Paltz 7565 8000 Ulster County Community College 3560 6000 Ulster BOCES School of Practical Nursing 65 4000

2000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: US Department of Education, 2017 Source: US Department of Education

Educational Attainment of Residents Field of Bachelors Degree (population aged 25 years and over)

Field of Degree Number Percent Science & Engineering Total 14,746 33% 9% 30% 19% 10% 17% 14% Computers, Mathematics, and 1,823 4% Statistics

Biological, Agricultural, and 2,679 6% Less than High School Graduate High School Diploma or GED Environmental Sciences Physical and Related Sciences 1,290 3% Some College, Associate's Degree 2,901 7% No Degree Psychology 3,785 9% Bachelor's Degree Graduate or Professional Degree Social Sciences Engineering 2,016 5% Multidisciplinary Studies 118 1%

% Residents with Bachelor’s Degree or Higher Science & Engineering-Related 3,579 8% Fields 40% Business 4,759 11% 35% 7,514 17% 31.4% Education 30% 29.6% Arts, Humanities, & Other Total 13,482 31% 25.0% 25% Literature & Languages 3,090 7% Liberal Arts & History 2,321 5% 20% Visual & Performing Arts 4,533 10% 15% Communications 1,656 4% 10% Other 1,882 4% 2000 2010 2017 Ulster New York U.S TOTAL 44,080 100% Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 19 Government

County Revenues County Expenditures

Total 2017 Revenues: Culture & Rec. 1% Community Svcs. $325,849,426 1% State Aid Econ. Dev. 1% 14% Federal Aid Social Services 13% Charges to Other 32% Govts. 3% Education 3% Charges for Health 4% Real Prop. Taxes & Services Assessments 3% Debt Service 23% Proceeds of Debt 4% Transportation 3% 9% General Government Other Revenues Public 20% Sales and Use Tax 5% Safety Employee 36% 10% Benefits 15% Total 2017 Expenditures: $331,568,055

Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018 Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller, 2018

Bond Rating & Tax Cap County Employees

Bond Ratings Moody’s 249 Aa3 Part Time AA Standard & Poor’s Full Time Median FT AA Fitch $56,749 Employee Salary 1217 State Tax Cap FT employees earning at least 2013 Stayed within cap Stayed within cap 3% 2016 $100,000 2014 Stayed within cap 2017 Stayed within cap 2015 Stayed within cap 2018 Stayed within cap # of Employees Source: New York State Comptroller, 2018

County Revenues & Expenditures

$500,000,000 $450,000,000 $400,000,000 $350,000,000 $300,000,000 Expenditures $250,000,000 $200,000,000 Revenues $150,000,000 $100,000,000 $50,000,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source: Office of the NY State Comptroller (Inflation Adjusted) Transportation 20

Means of Travel to Work Transportation Statistics

Workforce that commutes on public Worked at 2% Home transportation 6% Other 2% Drove Residents who work in Ulster County Alone 44% Walked 78% 4%

Train Carpooled Residents who work outside of Ulster 1% 8% 56% County Bus 1% 97% Residents who own at least one car

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Source: Metro-North; ACS, 2017

Length of Commute Place of Work by County

Average Commute Time: 28 Minutes

1 Hour or Longer 11% 18% Other Albany 21% 45 to 59 Minutes 9% 11% 2% Ulster 30 to 44 Minutes 19% Westchester 22% 3% 44% New York 20 to 29 Minutes 19% 18% 5% Orange 10 to 19 Minutes 28% 22% 11% Dutchess Less than 10 Minutes 14% 10% 14% Ulster County New York State Source:Source: American American Community Community Survey Survey (ACS), 2016 2017 Source: US Census Longitudinal Employment-Household Dynamics, 2015

The vast majority (78%) of Ulster County residents drive alone when they commute to work. The average commute time for Ulster County residents is 28 minutes, and only 11% of residents have a commute of an hour or longer, significantly lower than the statewide rate of 18%. Nearly half of Ulster County residents work in Ulster County. The next most common places of work for Ulster County residents are Dutchess County (14%) and Orange County (11%). 21 Public Health

Residents without Health Insurance County Health Statistics

18% 17% Residents per primary care physician 16% 15% New York 1,390:1 Ulster 14% Residents per dentist 12% 1,600:1 12% 12% 11% 11% Residents per mental health provider 10% 9% 310:1 8% Preventable Hospital Stays per 1,000 8% 7% 6% 6% 59 Medical Enrollees 6% 4% 3% 2% Robert Woods Johnson 2% <1% County Health Rankings (out of 62) 0%

0-18 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Over

65 and 65

55 to 64 to 55 19 to 19 25 to 26 34 to 35 44 to 45 54

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 29 21 16 15 28

Childhood Obesity OpioidOpioid-Related Deaths Deaths

Deaths per 100,000 people 25% 35 19.9% 20% 30 17.1% 16.5% 17.3% 25 15% 20 10% 15 5% 10 0% 5 Overweight Obese Ulster New York State (excluding NYC)

Ulster County New York State 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NYS Department of Education, 2016 Source:Source: American NY State Community Department Survey of Health 2016

Ulster County is consistently ranked as a relatively healthy County in New York State according to the annual Robert Woods Johnson County Health rankings, achieving their best ranking in 2017 (15 out of 62). Like much of the nation, Ulster County is struggling with a growing opioid addiction problem. Opioid-related deaths have increased since 2010 in both Ulster County and New York State. Ulster County experienced a significant spike in opioid-related deaths in 2016, doubling from 15 deaths per 100,000 people to 30 deaths per 100,000. Public Safety 22

Property Crimes (per 10,000 residents) Violent Crimes (per 10,000 residents)

250 40

35 200 30

25 150

100 15

10 50 5

0 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services

Misdemeanor Arrests by Type Felony Arrests by Type

1600 800 Drug Violent DWI Other 1400 700

1200 600

1000 500

800 400

600 300

400 200

200 100 Drug DWI Property Other

0 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services Source: NY State Division of Criminal Justice Services

Following the national trend of declining crime, both property crimes and violent crimes are trending down in Ulster County. However, misdemeanor drug crimes have been consistently increasing since 2000. This trend may be linked to the increased prevalence of opioid abuse in Ulster County and the Hudson Valley.