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Chapter 1 — Background and Planning Context

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Chapter 1 — Background and Planning Context Chapter 1 1 BACKGROUND AND PLANNING CONTEXT 1 Background and Planning Context The West of the Hudson Regional Transit Access Study (WHRTAS) has been initiated by MTA Metro- North Railroad (Metro-North) in partnership with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (Port Authority) and in cooperation with New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) and New Jersey Transit (NJT) to improve mobility and accessibility in the West of Hudson region. Projected population and employment growth in Orange County, together with growth in ridership on Metro-North’s West of Hudson commuter service and a projected rise in Stewart International Airport (SWF) operations, necessitates the consideration of improved and expanded transit services for travelers in the region. WHRTAS evaluates alternatives for improving transit services between Central Orange County and Manhattan and access to SWF from the surrounding regions, Lower Hudson Valley and New York City. The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) is the lead federal agency for this study which is being conducted in accordance with FTA’s Alternatives Analysis requirements for New Starts program funds. The study also considered the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969. Extensive agency coordination and public outreach was implemented to obtain input and guidance throughout this study. This included the formation of a Technical Advisory Committee (TAC), which reviewed study material, advised on technical issues, and coordinated with a broad array of elected officials, agencies, organizations, and the general public through direct communication, workshops, roundtable discussions, and open houses. WHRTAS is being conducted in two phases. Phase I is the initial Alternatives Analysis (AA) phase, which evaluates the benefits, costs, and impacts of broad range of transit alternatives with the potential to meet the project's goals and objectives and concludes with the recommendation of a short list of alternatives. Phase II will then further develop and evaluate the short list of alternatives and conclude the Alternatives Analysis phase with a recommended Locally Preferred Alternative. This report summarizes the findings of Phase I. 1.1 Study Area and Travel Markets WHRTAS considered two geographic areas. A broader area, defined as the Study Area, includes Orange, Ulster, Sullivan, Rockland, Dutchess, Putnam, and Westchester counties in New York; New York City; Bergen and Hudson counties in New Jersey; additional counties of northern New Jersey; and western Connecticut. The Study Area encompasses both the geographic market area for SWF users as well as commuters to Manhattan. The Study Area is depicted in the regional map presented in Figure 1-1. Within the Study Area, a smaller geographic area defined as Project Limits was identified, where it is anticipated that alternatives being considered would involve significant new or improved transportation services and infrastructure. The Project Limits from north to south are centered on the existing Metro- North Port Jervis Line (PJL) and on New York State Thruway Interstate 87 (I-87) from SWF to Suffern, New York. In the northern portion, the Project Limits generally extend east to west, from Beacon, New York to Campbell Hall, New York, following I-84 to the north and the PJL to the south. The Project Limits include portions of Orange (PJL, I-87, I-84), Rockland (I-87) and Dutchess (I-84) counties (See Figure 1-2). Alternatives Analysis Phase I Screening Report 1-1 Chapter 1 BACKGROUND AND PLANNING CONTEXT Figure 1-1 Study Area and Target Travel Markets 1-2 Alternatives Analysis Phase I Screening Report Chapter 1 1 BACKGROUND AND PLANNING CONTEXT Figure 1-2 West of Hudson Regional Transit Access Alternatives Project Limits Alternatives Analysis Phase I Screening Report 1-3 Chapter 1 BACKGROUND AND PLANNING CONTEXT Two distinct target travel markets have been identified within the WHRTAS Study Area. A Commuter Market consists of regional travel between Central Orange County and Manhattan and an Airport Market comprised of existing and future air passengers using SWF, as well as SWF employees. Commuter travel occurs predominantly during the morning and evening peak hours, although recent trends have shown a significant increase in off-peak and reverse peak travel as well. Airport travel is spread throughout the entire day. Figure 1-1 depicts the Commuter and Airport travel markets within the Study Area. 1.2 Transportation Services and Facilities This section summarizes the baseline conditions for the roadway, bus, commuter rail, freight rail, and ferry networks and services within the Project Limits and Study Area. Future forecasts of growth in the region are presented in Chapter 2. This section also summarizes existing and projected future conditions at SWF. 1.2.1 Roadway Network Roadways included in the Project Limits include interstate highways, state highways and county roads in Orange, Dutchess and Rockland counties including the Newburgh-Beacon Bridge. The existing roadway network around SWF, including the location and orientation of interchanges for I-84, I-87, and their connections with the roadways accessing the airport, will have a significant impact on the configuration and feasibility of the alternatives for improving transit access, particularly for access to the airport from I- 87 north of I-84. 1.2.1.1 Existing Roadway Network Interstate Highways Figure 1-3 shows the interstate highways in Orange, Dutchess and Rockland counties. Within the Project Limits, Orange County is served by two major interstate highways, I-87 running north-south and I-84 running east-west. I-87, with tolling north of Suffern, is the primary limited-access roadway running north from New York City through the Project Limits and on to Albany. I-84 is the primary limited-access east- west spine through the Project Limits, providing access through Dutchess County across the Hudson River via the Newburgh-Beacon Bridge. I-84 connects to Connecticut to the east and Pennsylvania to the west. Within the project limits, I-84 provides access points to SWF at interchanges with I-87, New York Route 17K, and Route 747 (Drury Lane). Within the Project Limits, Rockland County is served by I-87. The I-87/I-287 portion of I-87 runs east to west for approximately 15 miles from the intersection with Route 17 at the New Jersey border to the Tappan Zee Bridge crossing the Hudson River into Westchester County. There are eight (8) interchanges on I-87/I-287 in Rockland County. With the opening of I-287 in November 1993 through Bergen County in New Jersey, there has been a dramatic increase in truck traffic on I-87. This cross-county portion of I-87 also serves as a parallel bypass for local travelers trying to avoid Route 59 congestion. Limited access to I-87 from major north-south intersection roads forces some traffic onto local roads. At its intersection with Route 17, I-87 continues northwest through Sloatsburg, for five miles parallel to Route 17, before continuing north into Orange County. 1-4 Alternatives Analysis Phase I Screening Report Chapter 1 1 BACKGROUND AND PLANNING CONTEXT C r a w f o r d F i s h k i l l C r a w f o r d M o n tt g o m eerr y F i s h k i l l 302 17K N ee w b u rrg h 211 84 NNeewwbbuurrgghh S E S Stewart 17K G E B eea cco n 87 N H S A 207 C S Int'l E T 416 R H 9 U O C M Airport T A W a l l k i l l D W a l l k i l l 84 U N T D U P N ee w W iin d ss o rr H a m p tt o n b u rrg h 208 B llo o m ii n g 207 G rr o v ee G o ssh ee n 9W 6 C o rrn w a llll 17A 94 9 E M G A N N A H iig h lla n d ss T R U O P P h ii llii p sstt o w n C h eesstt eerr 87 M PUTNA 6 R HESTE WESTC 17M M o n rro ee W o o d b u r y W o o d b u r y 6 17 202 PPeeeekksskkiillll S tt o n y 9 P o iin tt C o rr tt lla n d tt 17A 94 210 W a rrw iicc k E H a v eerrsstt rr a w G D W N N A A E R L R S O T T u x e d o O T u x e d o CK C RO C H 9W K E L S A T N E D R 306 O 202 O O 87 ss R ss A i N 45 i P n A GE n S C l a r k s t o w n i S C l a r k s t o w n i n AI n C g N 17 304 g EW N Y EW O 303 J RK R a m a p o C E I R N S A E E Y S G S R 59 A E 287 9 P B 87 Interstate Highway 03.57 Project Limits Miles 048 Source: NY State GIS Clearinghouse, ESRI. Kilometers Figure 1-3 Interstate Highways in Orange, Dutchess and Rockland Counties Alternatives Analysis Phase I Screening Report 1-5 Chapter 1 BACKGROUND AND PLANNING CONTEXT Newburgh-Beacon Bridge The Newburgh-Beacon Bridge (officially the Hamilton Fish Newburgh-Beacon Bridge) is a toll bridge that spans the Hudson River and carries New York Route 52 and I-84 between Newburgh and Beacon (see Figure 1-4).
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