DOCSLIB.ORG

AGRICULTURAL GROWTH PROGRAM – AGRIBUSINESS and MARKET DEVELOPMENT (AGP-Amde) PROJECT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AGRICULTURAL GROWTH PROGRAM – AGRIBUSINESS and MARKET DEVELOPMENT (AGP-Amde) PROJECT AGRICULTURAL GROWTH PROGRAM – AGRIBUSINESS AND MARKET DEVELOPMENT (AGP-AMDe) PROJECT USAID TASK ORDER AID #663-TO-11-00003 BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION (BCC) INTERVENTION EVALUATION REPORT January 2015 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Danya Africa. AGRICULTURAL GROWTH PROGRAM – AGRIBUSINESS AND MARKET DEVELOPMENT (AGP-AMDe) PROJECT USAID TASK ORDER AID #663-TO-11-00003 BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION (BCC) INTERVENTION EVALUATION REPORT DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. USAID ETHIOPIA / AGP-AMDe PROJECT i CONTENTS AGRICULTURAL GROWTH PROGRAM – AGRIBUSINESS AND MARKET DEVELOPMENT (AGP-AMDE) PROJECT......................................................................... I CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... II ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................. IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 1 1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 2 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT AND GOAL........................................................................... 2 1.2 AGP-AMDe PROJECT BCC INTERVENTIONS ...................................................... 2 1.3 THE BCC INPUTS CAMPAIGNS ............................................................................ 3 1.4 RATIONALE FOR EVALUATION OF BCC INTERVENTIONS AND CAMPAIGN EFFECTIVENESS .................................................................................................... 5 2. PROJECT AREA AND STUDY METHODOLOGY ...................................................... 6 2.1 PROJECT AREA ........................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.2.1 EVALUATION DESIGN .............................................................................................................. 7 2.2.2 SAMPLE FRAME, SAMPLE SIZE AND SELECTION .............................................................. 8 2.2.3 DATA COLLECTION TOOLS ..................................................................................................... 9 2.2.4 EVALUATION TEAM COMPOSITION AND TRAINING ...................................................... 9 2.2.5 FIELD DATA COLLECTION ..................................................................................................... 10 2.2.6 DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY CONTROL ................................................................. 10 2.3 STUDY LIMITATIONS ............................................................................................................. 11 USAID ETHIOPIA / AGP-AMDe PROJECT ii 3. FINDINGS ............................................................................................................... 12 3.1 RESPONDENTS’ DISTRIBUTIONS AND DEMOGRAPHICS ............................................. 12 3.2 LANGUAGE AND MEDIUM OF COMMUNICATION ......................................................... 13 3.3 CURRENT AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY PRACTICES .................................................. 14 3.4 RADIO AND MOBILE PHONE COVERAGE .......................................................................... 15 3.5 BCC INPUTS CAMPAIGNS ..................................................................................................... 17 3.5.1 REACH OF BCC INPUTS CAMPAIGN MESSAGES ............................................................. 17 3.5.2 REMEMBER, BELIEVE AND PRACTICES BEHAVIORS PROMOTED BY BCC INPUTS CAMPAIGNS ............................................................................................................................. 18 3.6 IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES LEARNED FROM AGP-AMDe PROJECT ... 20 4. KEY FINDINGS AND LESSONS LEARNED ............................................................. 22 5. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................ 24 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 25 APPENDIX 1: BCC CAMPAIGN EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE .................. 1 APPENDIX 2: BCC CAMPAIGN EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION FGD GUIDE ............................. 10 APPENDIX 3: THE BCC INPUTS CAMPAIGN EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION TEAM ............... 13 USAID ETHIOPIA / AGP-AMDe PROJECT iii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AGP Agricultural Growth Program AGP-AMDe Agricultural Growth Program – Agribusiness and Market Development ATA Agricultural Transformation Agency BA Barrier Analysis BCC Behavior Change Communication CAADP Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Program CQI Coffee Quality Institute CSA Central Statistical Agency DA Development Agent FCU Farmers’ Cooperative Union FGD Focus Group Discussion FTC Farmer Training Center FtF Feed the Future GoE Government of Ethiopia ICT Information Communication Technology IFDC International Fertilizer Development Center M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MoA Ministry of Agriculture PCs Primary Cooperatives SMS Short Message Service SNNPR Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region SNNPS Southern Nations Nationalities and People’s State SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences USAID United States Agency for International Development USG United States Government USAID ETHIOPIA / AGP-AMDe PROJECT iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Danya International, Inc. (Danya) conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of behavior change communication (BCC) campaigns implemented by the Agricultural Growth Program (AGP) - Agribusiness and Market Development (AMDe) project in November/December 2014. The evaluation was conducted to document BCC’s contribution, among other project interventions, and to address two AGP-AMDe indicators: “Number of farmers and others who have applied new technologies or management practices as a result of the United States Government’s (USG) assistance, and the number of beneficiaries supported by AGP- AMDe-assisted value chains.” The evaluation was also to assess the quality of the BCC inputs campaigns that had been implemented by the project using different strategies from May–August, 2014. The evaluation targeted farmers in Oromia; Amhara; Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR) and Tigray, the four regions where the AGP-AMDe project is implemented. Questionnaires were administered to 481 respondents who were sampled for individual household interviews. Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were also held, two from each of the four regions. This report outlines the evaluation methods, findings, recommendations and conclusions. The following represent the Findings highlights: 31.9% (or 1,827,350 farmers) were reached with at least one of the BCC inputs campaign messages 5.8% (or 332, 245 farmers) applied at least one of the improved farming practices that they attributed to exposure to the BCC campaigns. Use of improved seeds: . 29.7% (or 1,701,326 farmers) were reached . 17.3% (or 991,008 farmers) could remember the campaign messages . 12.1% (or 693, 133 farmers) believed the messages . 3.2% (or 183,307 farmers) practiced the behavior Use of fertilizers: 21.4% (or 1,225,872 farmers) were reached 12.5% (or 716,046 farmers) could remember the campaign messages 7.8% (or 446,813 farmers) believed the messages 2.4% (or 137,480 farmers) practiced the behavior USAID ETHIOPIA / AGP-AMDe PROJECT 1 1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT AND GOAL AGP-AMDe is a flagship project under USAID’s Feed the Future (FTF) Strategy for Ethiopia and is the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) largest contribution to the Government of Ethiopia (GoE). AGP supports the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Program (CAADP) framework by strengthening agricultural productivity and markets in the four high rainfall regions of Amhara, Oromiya, SNNPR and Tigray. The AGP-AMDe project uses a value-chain approach to increase the competitiveness of select agricultural products, enhance access to finance, and stimulate innovation and private-sector investment. Target export value chains are sesame, chickpeas, coffee and honey. Led by the prime ACDI/VOCA, International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Coffee Quality Institute (CQI), John Mellor Associates, Crown Agents, Danya and Kimetrica collaborated to realize the following five strategic outcomes: 1. Value of exports of agricultural commodities increased by $148 million 2. New private-sector investment in the agriculture sector leveraged by $60 million 3. Access to $30 million in rural loans facilitated 4. 10,022 jobs created 5. 1,000,000 Smallholder Farmers benefited 1.2 AGP-AMDe PROJECT BCC INTERVENTIONS Danya is one of the implementing partners in the AGP-AMDe consortium, supporting BCC, information communication technology (ICT) and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the BCC activities. ACDI/VOCA, together with Danya, conducted a barrier analysis (BA) to understand obstacles to adoption of positive behaviors among AMDe project target population in the four project regions in October/ November 2012. From the BA findings,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 20210714 Access Snapshot- Tigray Region June 2021 V2
    ETHIOPIA Tigray: Humanitarian Access Snapshot (July 2021) As of 31 July 2021 The conflict in Tigray continues despite the unilateral ceasefire announced by the Ethiopian Federal Government on 28 June, which resulted in the withdrawal of the Ethiopian National Overview of reported incidents July Since Nov July Since Nov Defense Forces (ENDF) and Eritrea’s Defense Forces (ErDF) from Tigray. In July, Tigray forces (TF) engaged in a military offensive in boundary areas of Amhara and Afar ERITREA 13 153 2 14 regions, displacing thousands of people and impacting access into the area. #Incidents impacting Aid workers killed Federal authorities announced the mobilization of armed forces from other regions. The Amhara region the security of aid Tahtay North workers Special Forces (ASF), backed by ENDF, maintain control of Western zone, with reports of a military Adiyabo Setit Humera Western build-up on both sides of the Tekezi river. ErDF are reportedly positioned in border areas of Eritrea and in SUDAN Kafta Humera Indasilassie % of incidents by type some kebeles in North-Western and Eastern zones. Thousands of people have been displaced from town Central Eastern these areas into Shire city, North-Western zone. In line with the Access Monitoring and Western Korarit https://bit.ly/3vcab7e May Reporting Framework: Electricity, telecommunications, and banking services continue to be disconnected throughout Tigray, Gaba Wukro Welkait TIGRAY 2% while commercial cargo and flights into the region remain suspended. This is having a major impact on Tselemti Abi Adi town May Tsebri relief operations. Partners are having to scale down operations and reduce movements due to the lack Dansha town town Mekelle AFAR 4% of fuel.
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling Malaria Cases Associated with Environmental Risk Factors in Ethiopia Using Geographically Weighted Regression
    MODELING MALARIA CASES ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS IN ETHIOPIA USING GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION Berhanu Berga Dadi i MODELING MALARIA CASES ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS IN ETHIOPIA USING THE GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION MODEL, 2015-2016 Dissertation supervised by Dr.Jorge Mateu Mahiques,PhD Professor, Department of Mathematics University of Jaume I Castellon, Spain Ana Cristina Costa, PhD Professor, Nova Information Management School University of Nova Lisbon, Portugal Pablo Juan Verdoy, PhD Professor, Department of Mathematics University of Jaume I Castellon, Spain March 2020 ii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare that the work described in this document is my own and not from someone else. All the assistance I have received from other people is duly acknowledged, and all the sources (published or not published) referenced. This work has not been previously evaluated or submitted to the University of Jaume I Castellon, Spain, or elsewhere. Castellon, 30th Feburaury 2020 Berhanu Berga Dadi iii Acknowledgments Before and above anything, I want to thank our Lord Jesus Christ, Son of GOD, for his blessing and protection to all of us to live. I want to thank also all consortium of Erasmus Mundus Master's program in Geospatial Technologies for their financial and material support during all period of my study. Grateful acknowledgment expressed to Supervisors: Prof.Dr.Jorge Mateu Mahiques, Universitat Jaume I(UJI), Prof.Dr.Ana Cristina Costa, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, and Prof.Dr.Pablo Juan Verdoy, Universitat Jaume I(UJI) for their immense support, outstanding guidance, encouragement and helpful comments throughout my thesis work. Finally, but not least, I would like to thank my lovely wife, Workababa Bekele, and beloved daughter Loise Berhanu and son Nethan Berhanu for their patience, inspiration, and understanding during the entire period of my study.
    [Show full text]
  • Amhara Claim of Western and Southern Parts of Tigray
    AMHARA CLAIM OF WESTERN AND SOUTHERN PARTS OF TIGRAY By Mathza 11-26-20 We have been hearing and reading about the Amhara Regional State claim of ownership of the Welqayit, Tsegede, Qafta-Humera and Tselemti weredas (hereafter refereed to Welqayit Group) and Raya, and Amhara Regional State threats of war against TPLF/Tigray. One of the threats states “some of the Amhara elite politicians continue to beat drums, as summons to war” (watch/listen) DW TV (Amharic) - July 30, 2020. THE WELQAYIT GROUP Welkayit Amhara Identity Committee (WAIC) was formed in Gonder to return the Welqayit Group from Tigray Regional State to Amhara Regional State. The Welqayit Group was transferred to Tigray during the 1984 reconfiguration of the administrative structure of the country based on ethno-linguistical regional states (kililoch) after the Derg was defeated. It seems that the government of Eritrea has contributed to the Welqayit Group problem. According to ህግደፍንኣሸበርቲ ጉጅለታትን ብአንደበት…ቀዳማይ ክፋል (watch) the Eritrean government had trained Ethiopian oppositions and inculcated opposing views between ethnic groups in Ethiopia, particularly between Amhara and Tigray Regional States, wherever it viewed appropriate for its devilish objective of dismantling Ethiopia. The Committee recruited Tigrayans from Tigray Regional State to do its dirty work. An example is presented in a video, Tigrai Tv:መድረኽተሃድሶ ወረዳ ቃፍታ- ሑመራህዝቢ ጣብያ ዓዲ-ሕርዲ - YouTube (watch) aired on Feb 01, 2017. It shows confessions by a number of Tigrayans from Qafta-Humera who were lured and bribed by the Committee to serve its objectives. Each of them gave details of activities they participated in and carried out against their own people.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia COI Compilation
    BEREICH | EVENTL. ABTEILUNG | WWW.ROTESKREUZ.AT ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation Ethiopia: COI Compilation November 2019 This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared within a specified time frame on the basis of publicly available documents as well as information provided by experts. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. © Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD An electronic version of this report is available on www.ecoi.net. Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD Wiedner Hauptstraße 32 A- 1040 Vienna, Austria Phone: +43 1 58 900 – 582 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.redcross.at/accord This report was commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 4 1 Background information ......................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Geographical information .................................................................................................... 6 1.1.1 Map of Ethiopia ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Nexus Humera Case Study in Ethiopia
    Report on the Nexus Humera case study in Ethiopia Dutch Climate Solutions research programme ECN-E--18-020 - March 2018 www.ecn.nl Report on the Nexus Humera case study in Ethiopia Author(s) Disclaimer Arend Jan van Bodegom - Wageningen Centre for Although the information contained in this document is derived from Development Innovation, Wageningen University & Research reliable sources and reasonable care has been taken in the compiling of Eskedar Gebremedhin - Deltares this document, ECN cannot be held responsible by the user for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions contained therein, regardless of the cause, Nico van der Linden - Energy research Centre of the nor can ECN be held responsible for any damages that may result Netherlands (ECN) therefrom. Any use that is made of the information contained in this Nico Rozemeijer - Wageningen Centre for Development document and decisions made by the user on the basis of this information Innovation, Wageningen University & Research are for the account and risk of the user. In no event shall ECN, its managers, directors and/or employees have any liability for indirect, non- Jan Verhagen - Wageningen University & Research material or consequential damages, including loss of profit or revenue and loss of contracts or orders. In co-operation with Page 2 of 67 ECN-E--18-020 Preface This report is deliverable D26 of the Dutch Climate Solutions research programme. The programme acts as a platform for the Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) to support the Netherlands Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS) in the realisation of Dutch policy objectives concerning poverty reduction and sustainable development.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Sudan Border
    SUDAN: EASTERN BORDER Ethiopia Situation - Daily New Arrivals Update as of 20 December 2020 Total New Arrivals Per State Arrivals Beginning of November 2020, UNHCR has recorded an influx of From Ethiopia average per day asylum seekers at border entry points in East Sudan from Ethiopia, Kassala 36,370 70% (since 10th Nov) after military confrontations in the Tigray region in northern Ethiopia. (Hamdayet) UNHCR's teams at the border areas of the eastern Sudanese states 29% of Kassala and Gedaref are working with the Sudanese 52,277 Gedaref 15,205 1,271 Commissioner of Refugees (CoR), local authorities and partners to (Ludgi, Abdera) monitor and respond to the situation, as well mobilizing resources to Individuals provide life-saving assistance services to the new arrivals. Blue Nile 1% Inter-agency coordination and contingency response planning is Since 7th of November 2020. 702 2 Arrivals average since well underway. (Algazira, Yagolo, Yabisher) beginning of Nov 1,188. Daily Arrival Trends 20,572 Arrivals have been Estimated Demographic Data relocated to Um Rakuba . 45,689 6,815 5,228 4,394 3,813 31% Children (0 - 17 yrs) 64% Adults (18-59 yrs) 5% Elderly (+60 yrs) 2,976 3,094 1,640 2,683 2,253 740 844 439 1,144410 122 166 167 256 326 439 444 36% Female 64% Male 4 5 146 1,315 Nov 10 15 20 30 05 10 15 20 30 2020 25 25 Population distribution statistics are based on the ongoing household November | 2020 December | 2020 registration (11,000 HH) conducted by UNHCR and COR at registration centers.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia: Access
    ETHIOPIA Access Map - Tigray Region As of 31 May 2021 ERITREA Ethiopia Adi Hageray Seyemti Egela Zala Ambesa Dawuhan Adi Hageray Adyabo Gerhu Sernay Gulo Mekeda Erob Adi Nebried Sheraro Rama Ahsea Tahtay Fatsi Eastern Tahtay Adiyabo Chila Rama Adi Daero Koraro Aheferom Saesie Humera Chila Bzet Adigrat Laelay Adiabo Inticho Tahtay Selekleka Laelay Ganta SUDAN Adwa Edaga Hamus Koraro Maychew Feresmay Afeshum Kafta Humera North Western Wukro Adwa Hahayle Selekleka Akxum Nebelat Tsaeda Emba Shire Embaseneyti Frewoyni Asgede Tahtay Edaga Arbi Mayechew Endabaguna Central Hawzen Atsbi May Kadra Zana Mayknetal Korarit TIGRAY Naeder Endafelasi Hawzen Kelete Western Zana Semema Awelallo Tsimbla Atsibi Adet Adi Remets Keyhe tekli Geraleta Welkait Wukro May Gaba Dima Degua Tsegede Temben Dima Kola Temben Agulae Awra Tselemti Abi Adi Hagere May Tsebri Selam Dansha Tanqua Dansha Melashe Mekelle Tsegede Ketema Nigus Abergele AFAR Saharti Enderta Gijet AMHARA Mearay South Eastern Adi Gudom Hintalo Samre Hiwane Samre Wajirat Selewa Town Accessible areas Emba Alaje Regional Capital Bora Partially accessible areas Maychew Zonal Capital Mokoni Neqsege Endamehoni Raya Azebo Woreda Capital Hard to reach areas Boundary Accessible roads Southern Chercher International Zata Oa Partially accessible roads Korem N Chercher Region Hard to reach roads Alamata Zone Raya Alamata Displacement trends 50 Km Woreda The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Creation date: 31 May 2021 Sources: OCHA, Tigray Statistical Agency, humanitarian partners Feedback: [email protected] http://www.humanitarianresponse.info/operations/ethiopia www.reliefweb.int.
    [Show full text]
  • Diasporas, Development and Peacemaking in the Horn of Africa Edited by Liisa Laakso and Petri Hautaniemi
    This PDF is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) Licence. Further details regarding permitted usage can be found at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Print and ebook editions of this work are available to purchase from Zed Books (www.zedbooks.co.uk). A frica Now Africa Now is published by Zed Books in association with the inter­ nationally respected Nordic Africa Institute. Featuring high­quality, cutting­edge research from leading academics, the series addresses the big issues confronting Africa today. Accessible but in­depth, and wide­ranging in its scope, Africa Now engages with the critical political, economic, sociological and development debates affecting the continent, shedding new light on pressing concerns. Nordic Africa Institute The Nordic Africa Institute (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet) is a centre for research, documentation and information on modern Africa. Based in Uppsala, Sweden, the Institute is dedicated to providing timely, critical and alternative research and analysis of Africa and to co­operation with African researchers. As a hub and a meeting place for a growing field of research and analysis, the Institute strives to put knowledge of African issues within reach of scholars, policy makers, politicians, media, students and the general public. The Institute is financed jointly by the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). www.nai.uu.se Forthcoming titles Margaret C. Lee (ed.), Africa’s World Trade Godwin Murunga, Duncan Okello and Anders Sjögren (eds), Kenya: The Struggle for a New Constitutional Order Thiven Reddy, South Africa: Beyond Apartheid and Liberal Democracy Lisa Åkesson and Maria Eriksson Baaz (eds), Africa’s Return Migrants Titles already published Fantu Cheru and Cyril Obi (eds), The Rise of China and India in Africa Ilda Lindell (ed.), Africa’s Informal Workers Iman Hashim and Dorte Thorsen, Child Migration in Africa Prosper B.
    [Show full text]
  • Obstacles to Regional Trade in the Horn of Africa: Borders, Markets, and Production
    Obstacles to Regional Trade in the Horn of Africa: Borders, Markets, and Production by Laura Hammond Clark University February 2003 Funded by USAID/OFDA Under USDA/USAID RSSA # AOT-R-00-95-00085-00 ii Table of Contents Foreword........................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................vii Acronyms......................................................................................................................................... ix Photos .............................................................................................................................................. xi 1.1 The Geopolitics of Borders .................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Plenty of Food in Some Places, Not Enough in Others......................................................... 3 2. Eritrea Food Picture...................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 2002 Agricultural season........................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Refugee repatriation ............................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Eritrean Government’s “Struggle for Development” ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Inter-State War in the Post-Cold War Era: Eritrea-Ethiopia (1998-2000)
    LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE An Inter-state War in the Post-Cold War Era: Eritrea-Ethiopia (1998-2000) Alexandra Magnolia Dias A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations 2008 UMI Number: U501303 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U501303 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 v \& & > F 'SZV* AUTHOR DECLARATION I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Alexandra Magnolia Dias The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without prior consent of the author. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I understand that in the event of my thesis not being approved by the examiners, this declaration will become void.
    [Show full text]
  • One More Futile Exercise to Sandwich the People of Tigrai
    One more Futile Exercise to Sandwich the People of Tigrai We are observing unusual demonstrations in some towns of the Amhara administrative region. Specially, the Gonder demonstration was a special phenomenon when seen in light with its scale and the messages relayed by the demonstrators. By the pretext of boundary issue between the Tigrai and the Amhara Administrative Regions; we observed the lootings and destructions of the properties of some Tigrayans who have been living in the town for a number of years and the portrayal of messages of hatred targeting the people of Tigrai. Though there was no official body mentioned to be the organizer of the demonstration, it seems that the Gonder demonstration was not spontaneous; rather it was well thought, well organized and well launched. Surprisingly, some of the placards raised during the demonstration were replicas of the slogans which have been voiced during the last 25 years by the one people, one religion and one language advocates. Thus, it will not be plausible to believe that if not the ones at regional level, the ones at zonal and wereda levels of the Gonder administration are not aware of these all illegal preparations and organizations of the demonstration. During his interview with the Amharic Version of the Ethiopian Reporter Newspaper of August 3, 2016, Ato Nigusu Tilahun, Head of the Amhara Regional Government’s Communication Office said, “…the question of not clearly delineating the border between the Tigrai and the Amhara Administrative Regions has been for a number of years…”. The statement under quotation is my translation of part of the Amharic version of the interview.
    [Show full text]
  • 20210729 Tigray Region Partners Presence V1
    ETHIOPIA Tigray Region : 3W Operational Presence from 31 May to 26 July 2021 51 number of implementing partners ERITREA Ethiopia 32 11 International NGO National NGO Adi Hageray Zalambesa town Seyemti Egela Erob 2 6 Adyabo Gulo UN Agency Government Sheraro Ahsea Mekeda town Tahtay Eastern Adi Daero Rama Koraro Chila Aheferom Adigrat TownSaesie Tahtay Adiyabo Bizet Humora Inticho town Laelay Adiabo Laelay Adwa Ganta Tahtay Selekleka Maychew Hahayle Afeshum Edagahamus Town North Western Koraro Adwa town Kafta Humera Tahtay Emba Tsaeda Emba Shire town Mayechew Akxum Asgede town Edaga Seneiti Central Arbi Hawzen Frewoyni Town Atsbi May Kadra TIGRAY Endafelasi Hawzen Endabaguna town Naeder Korarit Town Kelete Western Zana Awelallo Tsimbla Adet Atsibi Town Geraleta Wukro May Gaba Keyhe tekli Welkait Degua town Dima Kola Temben Temben Agulae Tsegede Awra Tselemti Abiy Adi town Hagereselam town Tanqua May Tsebri town Dansha Melashe Mekele Tsegede AFAR Abergele Saharti Enderta AMHARA South Eastern Adigudom town #Partner Presence by cluster Hintalo Samre Wajirat # Implementing Organizations Health 21 Selewa Protection by woreda Alaje 20 Bora WASH 18 0 Endamehoni Raya Azebo ESNFI 17 Maychew town Mokhoni town 1 - 3 Neqsege Nutrition 14 Southern Food 7 4 - 7 Ofla Agriculture Zata 6 >= 8 Korem town Chercher Education 4 Alamata town Cash WG 3 Raya Alamata Partner Presence by zone and cluster Zone Agriculture ES/NFI Education Food Health Nutrition Protection WASH ICRC, REST IHS, MEDAIR, SP CARE, FH, REST, JEOP AAH, FGAE, FHI360, AAH, FHI360, GE, IMC,
    [Show full text]