Aerial Applicator's Manual

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Aerial Applicator's Manual Aerial Applicator’s MANUAL A NATIONAL PESTICIDE APPLICATOR CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE Aerial Applicator’s Manual A NATIONAL PESTICIDE APPLICATOR CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE Written By Patrick J. O’Connor-Marer, PhD Published by the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture Research Foundation This publication was developed under Cooperative Agreement No. X8-83235401 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture Research Foundation. EPA made comments and suggestions on the document intended to improve the scientific analysis and technical accuracy of the document. However, the views expressed in this document are those of its authors and EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This manual was produced thanks to the support of the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture Research Foundation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs. The following people generously gave their time and contributed their expertise by serving on a Technical Advisory Committee and reviewing and contributing to the manual. Ron Cline, Central Valley Helicopters, Ellensburg, Washington Adolfo Gallo, California Department of Pesticide Regulation, Sacramento, California Paul Liemandt, Minnesota Department of Agriculture, Pesticides, St. Paul, Minnesota Drew Martin, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana Glenn Martin, Helicopter Applicators Inc., Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Scott Schertz, Schertz Aerial Service Inc., Hudson, Illinois Russell Stocker, Bob’s Flying Service, Davis, California Dennie Stokes, Stokes Flying Service, Parkin, Arkansas Dale Thomas, Thomas Helicopters, Inc., Gooding, Idaho Mike Thompson, Arkansas State Plant Board, Little Rock, Arkansas Michael Weaver, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia Robert Wolf, Kansas State University, Manhatttan, Kansas The following individuals served as ad hoc members of the Technical Advisory Committee and contributed valuable information and made meetings with the committee possible. Kenneth Degg, National Agricultural Aviation Association, Hillsboro, Illinois Richard Herrett, National Association of State Deptartments of Agriculture, Washington, DC Carol Parker, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC Carolyn Schroeder, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC Mike Walsh, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC Several individuals and organizations generously provided photographs used in this manual. Dennis Gardisser, WRK of Arkansas, Lonoke, AR Tom Hoffmann, Washington State Department of Agriculture, Moses Lake, WA Glenn Martin, Helicopter Applicators Inc., Gettysburg, Pennsylvania John Mateski, Western Helicopter Services, Newberg, OR Dale Thomas, Thomas Helicopters, Inc., Gooding, Idaho Michael Weaver, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia Robert Wolf, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas California Agricultural Aircraft Association Minnesota Department of Agriculture U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Image Library A special thank you to the following people who provided careful reviews, helpful suggestions, and additional information. Scott Bretthauer, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois Joseph Spitzmueller, Minnesota Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, Minnesota ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii iv CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................... iii CONTENTS ............................................. v INTRODUCTION ......................................... 1 The National Examination ................................ 2 Scope of this Manual .................................... 2 How to Use this Manual ................................ 2 Detailed Content Outline ................................. 3 CHAPTER 1 LaWS anD REGULATIONS FOR THE AERIAL AppLICATOR PILOT .......................... 9 Requirements for Pilot Certification ........................ 10 EPA Requirements ................................... 10 The Pesticide Label .................................... 12 Review Questions ...................................... 15 CHAPTER 2 OpERATION anD AppLICATION SaFETY ....... 17 Aircraft and Pesticide Security ............................ 18 Evaluating Aerial Application Operation Security .............. 18 Timely Coordination with Authorities ...................... 19 Protecting People and the Environment ..................... 19 Employee Training ................................... 20 Employee Habits .................................... 21 Application Safety...................................... 22 The Equipment ..................................... 22 Understanding the Work Order .......................... 23 Scouting the Target Site ............................... 25 Understanding Pesticide Label Restrictions .................. 25 Resolving Conflicts ................................... 27 Reviewing and Documenting the Application ................. 27 Planning for Emergencies ................................ 28 Emergency Information ................................ 28 Flight Hazards ...................................... 28 Plans in Case of Aircraft Crash ........................... 29 Application Equipment Malfunction ....................... 29 Ground Crew Emergencies.............................. 29 Overspray, Drift, and Other Misapplication .................. 29 Spray or Dust Contacting Bystanders or Vehicles............... 30 iv CONTENTS v Communications ...................................... 30 Review Questions ..................................... 31 CHAPTER 3 PREVENTING PESTICIDE DRIFT ............... 33 Factors that Contribute to Drift ........................... 34 Classification of Droplet Size ............................ 35 Spray Mixture Physical Properties ........................ 36 External Factors Affecting Droplet Size and Drift .............. 37 Minimizing Off-Target Drift ............................. 39 Application Techniques ................................ 40 Smoke Generators .................................... 40 Review Questions ..................................... 41 CHAPTER 4 AERIAL PESTICIDE DISPERSAL SYSTEMS ...... 43 Dispersal System Requirements ........................... 43 Equipment and Component Factors ....................... 44 Liquid Dispersal System Components ....................... 44 Spray Pumps ....................................... 44 Pesticide Tanks and Hoppers ............................ 45 Filters and Screens ................................... 46 Pipes, Hoses, and Fittings .............................. 46 Spray Booms ....................................... 47 Flow Meters, Valves, and Pressure Gauges ................... 48 Nozzles ........................................... 49 Nozzle Anti-Drip Devices .............................. 52 Electronics ........................................... 52 GPS Systems ....................................... 52 Computers ......................................... 53 Flow Volume Controllers ............................... 53 Mapping Systems .................................... 54 Positioning Booms and Nozzles ........................... 54 Nozzle Adjustments .................................. 54 Pattern Testing a Spray Boom............................ 55 Spraying System Operating Pressure ....................... 57 Dry Material Spreaders ................................. 57 Ram-Air Spreader .................................... 58 Centrifugal Spreader .................................. 60 Review Questions ...................................... 61 CHAPTER 5 CaLIBRATIng AERIAL AppLICATION EQUIPMENT 63 Why You Need to Calibrate Equipment ..................... 64 Improper Application Rate .............................. 64 Equipment Calibration Methods ........................... 65 Calibrating Liquid Sprayers ............................. 65 Calculating Sprayer Flow Volume per Mile (Rotary-Wing Aircraft)... 67 Calculating Sprayer Flow Volume per Mile (Fixed-Wing Aircraft) ... 68 Calculating Acres Treated per Minute ...................... 69 Determining Gallons per Acre........................... 70 Determining the Amount of Pesticide to Put Into the Tank ......... 70 Calculating the Area of a Rectangular or Square Application Site .... 71 vi CONTENTS Calculating the Area of a Triangular Application Site ............ 72 Calculating the Area of a Circular Application Site.............. 73 Calculating the Area of an Irregularly-Shaped Application Site ...... 74 Calibrating Granule Applicators .......................... 75 Computing Granule Application Rate per Acre ................ 76 Review Questions ..................................... 79 CHAPTER 6 MaKIng an AERIAL PESTICIDE AppLICATION .. 81 Ferrying ............................................ 82 Checking the Application Site ............................. 82 What to Watch for During an Application .................... 83 Monitor Changes .................................... 83 Importance of Onsite Ground Crew During an Application ....... 84 Pilot Checklist........................................ 85 Ground Crew Checklist ................................. 86 Application Methods ................................... 86 Application Speed .................................... 87 Altitude ........................................... 87 Obstructions ....................................... 87 Flight Patterns ........................................ 88 The Turnaround ....................................
Recommended publications
  • Certification Process for Agricultural Aircraft Operators, Dated October 10, 2007, Is Cancelled
    U.S. Department Advisory of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Circular Subject: Certification Process for Agricultural Date: 8/21/17 AC No: 137-1B Aircraft Operators Initiated by: AFS-800 Change: This advisory circular (AC) describes an acceptable means, but not the only means, for an agricultural aircraft operator to apply for an Agricultural Aircraft Operator Certificate under Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 137. The AC also addresses safety practices for agricultural aircraft operators. This AC is not mandatory and does not constitute a regulation. However, if you use the following means described, you must follow it in all important aspects. This AC does not change regulatory requirements; the provisions of applicable regulations control the AC. Interpretations of regulations are issued only under established agency procedures. This AC applies to the evaluation of applicants for an Agricultural Aircraft Operator Certificate. This AC also applies to agricultural aircraft operations using an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS). A part 137 operator who wishes to use a UAS should have additional knowledge of Public Law (PL) 112-95, FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, Section 333, Special Rules for Certain Unmanned Aircraft Systems; the 14 CFR part 11 exemption process; 14 CFR part 107; and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Order 8900.1, Volume 16, Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Please be aware, the operator of a UAS either cannot comply with several sections in part 137, or those requirements are not applicable to UAS operations. Therefore, an operator proposing to use a UAS must receive a grant of exemption with relief of the appropriate sections of part 137 before the certification process reaches the Demonstration and Inspection Phase.
    [Show full text]
  • Elementary Level
    Grades: K - 5 ELEMENTARY LEVEL CURRICULUM GUIDE Permission to distribute any part or the whole of this material via e-mail or individual copies is automatically granted on the condition it will be used for non- commercial purposes and will not be sold. To reproduce the Elementary Curriculum Guide in any other format, including Internet websites, written permission is needed from the Women of the National Agricultural Aviation Association [WNAAA]. AGRICULTURAL AVIATION: Critical Assist for the World’s Food Supply Elementary Education Curriculum Guide Presentation Outline I. The intent and purpose of the elementary agricultural aviation curriculum guide. A. To introduce the service industry of agricultural aviation to educators and students. 1. The history of agricultural aviation. a. The development/need for the service in agriculture. b. The evolution of the industry. 2. The agricultural aviation industry as it exists today. a. The people involved in agricultural aviation. b. The importance of the industry of agricultural (forestry, disease control) 3. The future of agricultural aviation. a. The role it plays in the continued production of food and fiber. B. To provide insight into the usefulness and importance of agricultural aviation. 1. Agricultural aviation assists the growers of food and fiber. a. Agricultural aviation impacts the lives of people through the food they eat and the clothes they wear. 2. Agricultural aviation provides service to Federal, State and Local Governments. a. The industry assists in protecting the forests, therefore affecting the shelter of many people. b. When called upon, the agricultural aviation industry assists in controlling insects considered health threats. C.
    [Show full text]
  • 100 Years of Aerial Crop Dusting By: FAA Historian Terry Kraus in August
    100 Years of Aerial Crop Dusting By: FAA Historian Terry Kraus In August, the agricultural and aviation th communities quietly celebrated the 100 anniversary of the first use of the airplane for crop dusting. On August 3, 1921, Army Air Corps pilot Lieutenant John A. Macready, piloting a specially modified Curtiss JN4 Jenny, spread lead arsenate over a six acre grove of 6,000 catalpa trees at Postmaster Harry Carver’s farm Troy, Ohio. Catalpa trees First known crop dusting effort, 1921 were harvested for their hardwood used for Courtesy: National Agricultural Association of America (NAAA) railroad ties and fence posts. The plane, fitted with a small makeshift hopper (a metal container) and a release mechanism attached to the side of the plane, flew 20 to 35 feet over the orchard, spreading the powdered insecticide in an attempt to kill caterpillars eating the leaves of the trees. Macready relied on the wind and currents from the propeller to carry the poisonous power to the rear of the plane and then down to the grove. The plane landed five times to refill the hopper. The dusting proved successful, demonstrating a plane could do in minutes what it would take ground-based workers days to complete. The idea of using an airplane for crop dusting came at the suggestion of Charles R. Nellie, an Ohio Department of Agriculture forester in Cleveland, who shared his thoughts with entomologist John S. Houser at the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station in Wooster, Ohio. Wooster officials contacted the Army at McCook Field to see if they could create a device for spreading insecticide from a plane.
    [Show full text]
  • Brisbane Valley Flyer
    35 785 BRISBANE VALLEY FLYER October- 2020 www.wattsbridge.com.au www.bvsac.org.au Watts Bridge Memorial Airfield, Cressbrook-Caboonbah Road, Toogoolawah, Q’ld 4313. Rob Knight (Editor) Tel: 0400 89 3632 Teaching formation flying across the ditch. With my flaps down to control my speed, I just slipped into position as formation leader. Peter Ratcliffe (Pres.) 0418 159 429 Ian Ratcliffe(Treasurer) 0418 728 328 Vern Grayson (Vice Pres.) 0431 465 874 Jackie Daley (Secretary) 0438 783 740 - Brisbane Valley Flyer - From the Club Pre Covid‐19 Hello everyone, We have changed the key code to door anybody that needing it to access the Clubrooms will need to ring me so I can pass to them The Convid‐19 requirements have changed again and we are now permitted to have 30 people at meetings. However, those 30 people will need to maintain normal social distancing and keep at least 1.5 metres apart from each other. All the best Peter Ratcliffe BVSAC President Page 2 Issue 85 October – 2020 - Brisbane Valley Flyer – Wheelbarrowing is a NO NO NO NO NO! By Rob Knight Scene 1: A fine day with a light wind blowing across the runway at about 5 knots. A light aircraft is on short finals, hot and high, with its airspeed a few knots fast and the aircraft too high to flare at the desired flare point. Ultimately the aircraft finally reaches the flare point further into the runway than the pilot likes so he decides to get the wheels onto the ground where he will have some braking.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerial Application Safety 2015–2016 Year in Review
    Aerial application safety 2015–2016 year in review Research AR-2016-022 Publication date: September 2016 Front cover: AAAA Publishing information Published by: Australian Transport Safety Bureau Postal address: PO Box 967, Civic Square ACT 2608 Office: 62 Northbourne Avenue Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Telephone: 1800 020 616, from overseas +61 2 6257 4150 (24 hours) Accident and incident notification: 1800 011 034 (24 hours) Facsimile: 02 6247 3117, from overseas +61 2 6247 3117 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.atsb.gov.au © Commonwealth of Australia 2016 Ownership of intellectual property rights in this publication Unless otherwise noted, copyright (and any other intellectual property rights, if any) in this publication is owned by the Commonwealth of Australia (referred to below as the Commonwealth). Creative Commons licence With the exception of the Coat of Arms, ATSB logo, and photos and graphics in which a third party holds copyright, this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence is a standard form license agreement that allows you to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this publication provided that you attribute the work. The ATSB’s preference is that you attribute this publication (and any material sourced from it) using the following wording: Source: Australian Transport Safety Bureau Copyright in material obtained from other agencies, private individuals or organisations, belongs to those agencies, individuals or organisations. Where you want to use their material you will need to contact them directly. Safety summary Why the ATSB did this research Aerial application operations encounter different risks compared to other aviation sectors because these pilots work at very low-levels.
    [Show full text]
  • From Crop Duster to Airline; the Origins of Delta Air Lines to World War II
    Roots: From Crop Duster to Airline; The Origins of Delta Air Lines to World War II by James John Hoogerwerf A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama December 13, 2010 Keywords: Delta Laboratory, Huff Daland, Delta Air Lines, B. R. Coad, Harold R. Harris, C.E. Woolman Copyright 2010 by James John Hoogerwerf Approved by William F. Trimble, Chair, Professor of History James R. Hansen, Professor of History Alan D. Meyer, Assistant Professor of History Tiffany A. Thomas, Assistant Professor of History Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of Dr. W. David Lewis Distinguished University Professor of History Auburn University (1931-2007) ii Abstract Delta Air Lines (Delta) is one of the great surviving legacy airlines of the first century of flight. In the annals of American aviation history its origins are unique. Delta’s beginning can be traced to the arrival of the boll weevil from Mexico into Texas in 1892. Unlike other national airlines that were nurtured on mail subsidies, Delta evolved from experiments using airplanes to counter the cotton weevil scourge from the air. The iconic book on the subject is Delta: The History of an Airline authored by two eminent Auburn University history professors, W. David Lewis and Wesley Phillips Newton. This dissertation explores more closely the circumstances and people involved in Delta’s early years up to World War II. It is chronologically organized and written in a narrative style. It argues Delta’s development was the result of a decades-long incremental and evolutionary process and not the calculated result of a grand design or the special insight of any one person.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Aircraft Operations on Municipal Airports
    Agricultural Aircraft Operations on Municipal Airports A Guidebook for Municipal Airport Managers Agricultural Aircraft Operations on Municipal Airports A Guidebook for Municipal Airport Managers Published by: Minnesota Airport Technical Assistance Program (AirTAP) Center for Transportation Studies (CTS) University of Minnesota 511 Washington Ave. S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55455 612-626-1077 www.airtap.umn.edu The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. This publication is available in alternative formatsby calling 612-626-1077. Printed on recycled paper with 10 percent postconsumer waste. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Overview 1 Chapter 2. Laws 3 Federal Laws 3 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 3 Federal Aviation Regulations Part 137 3 State Regulations 3 Pesticide Control 3 Fertilizer, Soil Amendment, and Plant Amendment 3 Agricultural Chemical Liability 4 Agricultural Chemical Response and Reimbursement 4 Bulk Pesticide Storage 4 Security Guidelines 4 Chapter 3. Basic Information Requirements and Record Keeping 5 Airport Operator Records 5 Applicator Requirements 5 Chapter 4. Ag Aircraft—Pesticide Mixing and Loading Areas 7 Establishing a Mixing and Loading Area 7 Load Pad Requirements and Recommended Practices 7 Pesticide Containment 9 Mixing and Loading 9 Rinsate Management 9 Load Pad Design and Location 10 Load Pad Use 10 Multiple Operators 11 Multi-Purpose Load Pads 11 Chapter 5. Pesticide Storage 13 Chapter 6. Emergency Response 15 Emergency Response Plans 15 Spill Reporting 15 Chapter 7. Insurance/ACRRA 17 Chapter 8. Internet Resources 19 Attachments Sample Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Attachment 1 Incident Response Plan and Sample Report Attachment 2 Guidelines for Reporting Incidents Attachment 3 Sample Operator Agreement Attachment 4 Chapter 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Edition
    Contents Editorial 1983 and 1984 saw one of Australia's most severe droughts broken by widespread ' and consistent rains. Initially the precipitat ion was welcomed by the whole rural community, but early in 1984 floods and rain damage to crops had produced a different set of problems. The breaking of the drought was also welcomed by the agricultural aviation 3 Editorial Aviation Safety Digest is prepared by the Bureau of Air Safety community as it brought with it a long awaited increase in contracts for aerial 4 Operational and environmental pressures on Investigation in pursuance of Regulation 283 of the Air Naviga­ spraying and other flying activity. Regrettably the increase in activity has been tion Regulations and is published by the Australian Govern­ the agricultural operator and pilot ment Publishing Service. It is distributed free of charge to accompanied by a corresponding increase in the number of aircraft accidents. 6 Aerial agricultural accidents in Australia: an Australian licence holders (except student pilots), registered The continuing high rate of accidents and the increase in the overal l numbers is \ overview aircraft owners and certain other persons and organisations causing the Bureau concern, so this special agricultural edition of Aviation Safety having an operational interest in Australian civil aviation. This 8 Dress for crash survival special edition is available only to Australian aerial application Digest, consisting of a selection of articles previously published in the Digest and 10 Agricultural pilots and skill fatigue operators. a number of new items, is directed specifically to operators and pilots of aircraft involved in agricultural operations to reinforce the need to maintain professional 12 Wire strikes: the threat and the defence Unless otherwise noted, articles in this publication are based 21 Low level turbulence on Australian accidents or incidents.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Air Tractor Aircraft for Asian & Pacific Region Customers
    Guide to Air Tractor Aircraft for Asian & Pacific Region Customers English The contents of this Air Tractor aircraft guide is provided for information purposes only. Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but Field Air and its employees do not guarantee that this publication is without flaw of any kind or it is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. Published by FIELD AIR Building 17, Ballarat Airport, Access Rd, Ballarat Vic 3350, Australia Postal: Private Bag 25, Ballarat Vic 3351, Australia Phone: +61 (03) 5330 9310 Fax: +61 (03) 5330 9333 Email: [email protected] www.fieldair.com.au February 2017 S:\LIBRARY\MEDIA\Advert&Promot\Booklets (stuff we have created)\Basic Guide to AT in Asia Pacific Region (for website)\Basic Guide to Air Tractor in Asia Pacific.docx CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 2 AIR TRACTOR REGIONAL DEALER – FIELD AIR ................................................... 2 3 WHAT IS AN AIR TRACTOR? .............................................................................. 3 3.1 AIR TRACTOR – AIRFRAME MANUFACTURER ............................................ 3 3.2 PRATT & WHITNEY – ENGINE MANUFACTURER ........................................ 3 4 AIR TRACTOR MODELS ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fall 2013 Serving Idaho’S Aviation Community for Over 65 Years Vol 59, Issue 4 It’S a Bird, It’S a Plane, It’S A
    AE S RONAUTIC Fall 2013 Serving Idaho’s Aviation Community for over 65 Years Vol 59, Issue 4 It’s a Bird, It’s a Plane, It’s a . By Rebecca Burghy heavy loads create unique challenges, Most pilots in the Northwest are and crop-friendly accustomed to seeing agricultural aircraft critters such as going about their daily work, flying low bees, necessitate passes over crops and fields to spread night application seed and crop protection products to flights to ensure maximize our food, fiber and biofuel they are not supplies. Non-pilots, however, often are harmed by applied startled by what looks like daring or substances. dangerous flying without realizing those activities are necessary to keep our Today’s herbicides, grocery stores and restaurants supplied fertilizers and with a wide variety of quality, fresh and fungicides are healthy foods. Our ample food crops much less toxic Photograph courtesy of Katie Baker rely upon the tireless efforts of farmers and much more effective than they once pilots and engineers at McCook Field and the invaluable services of crop were, requiring less of each while in Ohio fashioned a crude metal dusters, or agricultural aviators, as they increasing crop yields. Superior pilot hopper, attached it to a Curtiss Jenny, are known today. technique and improved aircraft and loaded it with powdered lead equipment and avionics have vastly arsenic. Lt. John Macready spread it Idaho’s agricultural aviators are improved a pilot’s ability to apply the over a nearby fruit grove infested with professional pilots and businessmen exact quantity of material when and Catalpa sphinx moths.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Report: Colorado Firefighting Air Corps
    Colorado Division of Fire Prevention and Control 666906 Kipling Street # 2000 Lakewood, CO 80215 Phone: (303) 239-4600 Fax: (303) 239-5887 http://dfs.state.co.us Special Report: Colorado Firefighting Air Corps Report to the Governor and General Assembly on Strategies to Enhance the State's Aerial FirefightingFirefighting Capabilities March 28, 2014 Division of Fire Prevention and Control Paul L. Cooke, Director 690 Kipling Street, Suite 2000 Denver, CO 80215 (303) 239-4600 FAX (303) 239-5887 March 28, 2014 John W. Hickenlooper Governor of Colorado 136 State Capitol Denver, CO 80203 Senator Morgan Carroll President of the Colorado Senate 271 State Capitol Denver, CO 80203 Representative Mark Ferrandino Speaker of the Colorado House of Representatives 346 State Capitol Denver, CO 80203 Governor Hickenlooper, President Carroll, and Speaker Ferrandino: I am pleased to submit the final report of the special study concerning the Colorado Firefighting Air Corps (CFAC) within the Division of Fire Prevention and Control (DFPC) in the Colorado Department of Public Safety. Senate Bill 13-245 requires the DFPC to submit to the Joint Budget Committee and to the General Assembly a report concerning the efficacy of CFAC and strategies to enhance the John W. Hickenlooper state's aerial firefighting capabilities, prior to April 1, 2014. This report will include GOVERNOR budget requests for CFAC and aerial firefighting if recommended by the DFPC. James H. Davis EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Colorado State Patrol To fulfill this mandate, I turned to the Advisory Committee to the Director of the Colorado Bureau Division of Fire Prevention and Control on Wildland Fire and Prescribed Fire of Investigation Matters, which was created by Executive Order B 2013-001.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerial Application, Agricultural Chemicals, and Toxicity in the Postwar Prairie West
    GUARDIANS OF ABUNDANCE: AERIAL APPLICATION, AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, AND TOXICITY IN THE POSTWAR PRAIRIE WEST by DAVID DOUGLAS VAIL B.A., SOUTHERN OREGON UNIVERSITY, 2004 M.A., UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY, 2006 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2012 Abstract This dissertation contributes to the environmental, agricultural, and technological history of the modern United States by examining pesticide use and the debates surrounding them in the Great Plains from the 1940s to the 1980s. Specifically, it addresses the relationships among aerial sprayers, farmers, agriculturalists, and grassroots concepts of toxicity that emerged from mid-century technological and environmental changes. It argues that pesticides as well as a variety of weeds and insects actively transformed the tools, attitudes, and regulatory policies of their users. Historians of agricultural chemical use in America have focused on the political debates over DDT, the social activism against pesticides that Rachel Carson inspired with her best-selling book Silent Spring (1962), the growth in federal regulatory policy in the 1970s, and the contentious reactions by the chemical and agricultural industries. This study offers a new, ground-level history of pesticides by showing how aerial sprayers, farmers, and agriculturalists developed custom chemical applications and conceptualized toxicity as each related to the technological and environmental changes in the region. Drawing on multiple sources, including agricultural experiment station reports, scientific studies, government documents, farm journals, landowner and aerial spray pilot correspondence, and oral histories, this study explores how local producers changed with their chemicals, spray planes, and pests to develop an environmental ethos that understood toxicity as a synthetic and natural danger.
    [Show full text]