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Alaska Forest Health Specialists United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Alaska Region R10-PR-3 March 2005 State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of Forestry A Forest Health Protection Report Alaska Forest Health Specialists USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection Jerry Boughton, Assistant Director S&PF, Forest Health Program Leader, Anchorage; e-mail: [email protected] Anchorage, South-Central Field Office 3301 ‘C’ Street, Suite 202 Anchorage, AK 99503-3956 Phone: (907) 743-9455 FAX: 907) 743-9479 Edward H. Holsten, Entomologist; e-mail: [email protected] Michael Shephard, Ecologist; e-mail: [email protected] Lori Trummer, Pathologist; e-mail: [email protected] Kenneth P. Zogas, Biotechnician; e-mail: [email protected] Cynthia L. Snyder, Biotechnician; e-mail: [email protected] Juneau, Southeast Field Office 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A Juneau, AK 99801 Phone: (907) 586-8811 FAX: (907) 586-7848 Paul E. Hennon, Pathologist; e-mail: [email protected] Mark Schultz, Entomologist; e-mail: [email protected] Dustin Wittwer, Aerial Survey/GIS; e-mail: [email protected] Thomas Heutte, Biotechnician;e-mail : [email protected] Fairbanks, Interior Field Office 3700 Airport Way Fairbanks, AK 99709 Phone: (907) 451-2701 FAX: (907) 451-2690 Jim Kruse, Entomologist; e-mail: [email protected] Angie Ambourn, Biotechnician; e-mail: [email protected] State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources Robert Ott, Forest Health Program Coordinator, Fairbanks (see address above); e-mail: [email protected] Division of Forestry Central Office 550 W 7th Avenue, Suite 1450 Anchorage, AK 99501-3566 Phone: (907) 269-8460 FAX: (907) 269-8902 / 8931 Roger E. Burnside, Entomologist; e-mail: [email protected] Hans Buchholdt, Cartographer/GIS Specialist; e-mail: [email protected] Graham Mahal, Insect & Disease Specialist; e-mail: [email protected] Alaska Cooperative Extension 2221 E. Northern Lights, Suite 118 Anchorage, AK 99508 Phone: (907) 786-6311 Corlene Rose, Integrated Pest Management, Program Mgmt. Coordinator; e-mail: [email protected] Forest Health Conditions in Alaska – 2004 Protection Report R10-PR-3 Compiled by: Dustin Wittwer, Aerial Survey/GIS Specialist Contributors: Angie Ambourn, Biological Technician Jerry Boughton, Assistant Director Melinda Brenton, Biological Technician Hans Buchholdt, AK/DOF GIS Specialist Roger Burnside, AK/DOF Entomologist Paul Hennon, Pathologist Tom Heutte, Biological Technician Ed Holsten, Entomologist Jim Kruse, Entomologist Graham Mahal, AK DOF Biological Technician Robert Ott, AK/DOF Forest Health Specialist Corlene Rose, Forest Health Specialist Mark Schultz, Entomologist Michael Shephard, Ecologist Cynthia Snyder, Biological Technician Jamie Snyder, CES, Invasive Plant Specialist Lori Trummer, Pathologist Ken Zogas, Biological Technician USDA Forest Service, Alaska Region State of Alaska State and Private Forestry, Department of Natural Resources Forest Health Protection Division of Forestry Central Office 3301 C Street, Suite 202 550 W. 7th Avenue, Suite 1450 Anchorage, AK 99503-3956 Anchorage, AK 99501-3566 1 2 Table of Contents Conditions in Brief ............................................................................................................................................... 7 The Role of Disturbance in Ecosystem Management .........................................................................................13 Status of Insects ....................................................................................................................................................17 Bark Beetles ..........................................................................................................................................................................19 Bark Beetles as Agents of Disturbance ............................................................................................................................................19 Spruce Beetle ........................................................................................................................................................................................20 Western Balsam Bark Beetle .............................................................................................................................................................25 Eastern Larch Beetle ...........................................................................................................................................................................26 Engravers ..............................................................................................................................................................................................26 Defoliators ............................................................................................................................................................................26 Defoliators as Agents of Disturbance ..............................................................................................................................................26 Spruce Aphid .......................................................................................................................................................................................28 Spruce Budworm .................................................................................................................................................................................29 Western Black-Headed Budworm ....................................................................................................................................................29 Yellow-Headed Spruce Sawfly ........................................................................................................................................................... 31 Hemlock Sawfly ................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Larch Sawfly ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Aspen Leaf Miner ...............................................................................................................................................................................32 Birch Leaf Roller ..................................................................................................................................................................................33 Cottonwood Defoliation ....................................................................................................................................................................34 Willow Leaf Blotch Miner .................................................................................................................................................................34 Noctuid Defoliator ..............................................................................................................................................................................35 Alder Defoliation ...............................................................................................................................................................................35 Status of Diseases .................................................................................................................................................37 Ecological Roles of Forest Diseases ..................................................................................................................................................38 Stem Diseases .......................................................................................................................................................................40 Hemlock Dwarf Mistletoe .................................................................................................................................................................40 Spruce Broom Rust .............................................................................................................................................................................41 Western Gall Rust ...............................................................................................................................................................................42 Heart Rots of Conifers .......................................................................................................................................................................42 Stem Decay of Hardwoods ................................................................................................................................................................44 Shoot Blights and Cankers ................................................................................................................................................44 Alder Canker .......................................................................................................................................................................................44 Sirococcus Shoot Blight .....................................................................................................................................................................45 Shoot Blight of Yellow-cedar .............................................................................................................................................................46
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