NAFIWC Proceedings

Technical Editors May 22-26,2006 Proceedings:

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Logan W Duehl, MelissaFierke,Larry Galligan,BrentKelley,LeslieNewton,John Riggins,and Finally, weappreciateallthehelpfrom program Maria Tchakerian,ShihoYam Rieske-Kinney fororganizingthestudentpos Special thankstoW USDA ForestService,Atlanta,GA. W Meyer, NationalProgram Director, SouthernResearchStation, W Acknow 4 Anthony Elledge,USDAForestService,Asheville,NC Jim John Nowak,USDAForestService,Asheville,NC Jam Local Arrangements: Mike W Dan RobisonNorthCarolinaStateUniv./IndustryCo-op Don Grosm Allan CarrollCanadianForestService Jorge MaciasEcosurUniversity Matt AyresNFPC–Dartm Ken RaffaNCFPW Jim Kier D.Klepzig,Chair,USDAForestService,Pineville,LA Program Committee: Nancy W John T.Nowak,USDAForestService,Asheville,NC Kenneth F.Raffa,UniversityofW Fred P.Hain,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity,Raleigh,NC Jam Kier D.Klepzig,USDAForestService,Pineville,LA Robert N.Coulson,TexasA&MUniversity,CollegeStation,TX Organiz e a wouldliketothankthefollowingforthei shington, DC.,Mr.W Com MeekerSFIW e e s “Rusty”Rhea,USDAForestService,Asheville,NC s “Rusty”Rhea,USDAForestService,Asheville,NC a . ledgments: ing Committee: p gner W a illiam ton, USDAForestService,Asheville,NC lters, USDAForestService,Asheville,NC a n TexasForestService/IndustryCo-op s . TH Comment citer cedocument: F ood JohnsonandSaulPetty NORTH AMERICANFORESTINSECTW IW C C –NorthernArizonaUniv. –USDAForestService –UniversityofW e sley A.Nettleton,Dir LeaderforPlan a

outh College m i sconsin, Madison,W o to andW USDA Fore thefo i llowing studentvolunteers: sconsin r helpandsupport:Dr.PeterJ.Roussopoulous,

e t andAnim ter session.AndrewBirt,AudreyBunting, im for helpwiththecriticalissues,andLynne ector, ForestHealthProtection,Region8, st Service,Asheville,NC,Dr.H.J."Rick in Xihelpedwithregistrationandthe I

al System O RK CONFERENCE s, Kate Blinka,Adrian USDACSREES, 2 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

workshop hadaModerator whowasresponsiblefororganization. Typically,several direct tacticsinforestinsect m invasive insects(6),m and im plenary addresses The forestentom the conferenceshasrangedfrom accom workshop presentationsanddiscussion,social interactionam conferences wasinform addition, consideredissuesofcontem agenda thatencom Antonio, TX,and2001inEdm There havebeenthreepreviousiterations future. the contextofseveralm area. Atafinalfacilitatedgroupsession,particip group discussionofresearch,developm com dealing withtopicsthatem entom into issuesofchangeinforestecosystem The ’06conferencefeaturedplenarysessionsin enterprise. where thefullcom Provincial forestryorganizations,universities, representatives from North EasternForestInsectW W regional conferences:theSouthernForestInsect from The NAFIW be directedinthenearfuture. associated withforestentom conference were(i)toaddresstheissueofch The ’06conferencethem broad-based andincludestopicsrelatingtores provide aforum entom The NorthAm o rk Conference,theNorthCentralForest m NorthAm unity wasaskedtoidentifyspecificage o o p portance. Theprogram logy com logy. Them lishm C drawstogetherforestentom ents oftheconferenceswerecapture erican ForestInsectW erica: US,Canada,andMexico. fordiscussionofcontem m o unity. Theconferenceisscheduledonafive-yearcycleandintendedto defacto logy com p p Comment citer cedocument: assed thetraditionalsubjectsentertainedinforest entom a theUSDAForestService, lem jor em a nagem ation exchange,whic a e jor topicareasandidentif e wasMetam nt offorestentom provideacoarseoverviewofthe brace thescopea m o phasis ofthem logy and(ii)id e unity form a consistsof28workshopswhicharegroupedinto sixtracks: nt andsilviculture nagem ca275to375registrants.

onton, Alberta,Ca o rk Confer o e rk Confer o nt (7),andbiodiversity naturalheritage(3).Each rphosis-forces porary ent andapplicationneedswithinthespecifictopic PREFACE ulated of theNAFIW porary nd boundsofforestentom o o entify thecriticalissueswhereem h wasaccom s andinthesciencepracticeofforest earch, developm ence. ParticipantsintheNAFIW l logi eeting wasm Pest Managem

ange inthediversesubjectsaddressedbyand ogy professionals,practitioners,andstudents NGOs, andindustry.Itistheonlyconference nda topics.Eachworkshopconcludedwitha whichinvitedspeakersprovidedtheirinsight W ence (NAFIW the program im ants discussedtheseidentifiedneedswithin d inpublishedproceedings. issues inforestentom It servestointegrateandunifytheannual sts assem theCanadianForestService,Stateand (3), scalesandinteractions (4),change(5), y criticalissuestobeaddressedinthenear o portance. nada. rk Conference,theW ofchangeinforests.Thegoalsthe C: 1991inDenver,CO,1996San Eachconferencefeaturedarobust p b lished throughplenaryaddresses, oderated concurrentworkshops , sothevariousworkshopsand les todiscussthestateoftheir Theprincipalbenefitofthe issues ofcontem e ent, application,andeducation. C) istheconclaveofforest nt W ong theparticipants. o rk Conference,andthe o logy. Thestakeholder o logy. Theagendais e stern ForestInsect Participationin porary interest o phasis should logy but,in C include The 3 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). these Proceedings.ThefollowingProceedingsareorganizedbythesixtracks. large fordiscussionandcom conclusion oftheconference,eachTrackCoordina and synthesizedthecriticalissuesidentifiedin “Track Coordinators”weredesignatedforeachof presentation. TheModeratorcom Each workshopspeakeridentifiedcriticalissu individuals wereaskedtom Comment citer cedocument: a m ke apresentationon e ntary. Theresults

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Comment citer cedocument:

PLENARY ADDRESSES

5 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). invasive plants( and am organizations, non-profit environm involve theUSDAForestService,forest increasing foresthealthchallengesthroughc inf problem Louisiana, ArkansasandMississippitopres entom Texas ForestEntom better m applied researchprogram plantations. Mem Cooperative wasestablishedin1996toaddressfo challenges bym approaching retirem global warm reduced levelsofstatefunding,increasedpest industry landstotim diseases, increasingem urbanization andlandfragm change affectingallsouthernforestryag entom challenges, theFPMstaffhasgrowninsize,fr floods, anddroughthavealsoaffectedforesthea Ceratocystis affecting liveoaksandredin60countie fusiforme ants ( Pachylobius the last24yearstoincludeseedorchardinsects,regenerationweevils( native pineforestsofeasternTexas.Pestpr outbreak ofthesouthernpinebeetle( (form regions, vegetationtypes,andforestpestch Service (TFS).Texas,thesecondlargeststat specialist, basedonhis33yearsofexperienceas in recentyears.Theauthordiscussedrespons Forest pestm o rm e o o Atta texana(Buckley) ation andincreasepublicawarenessof rly ForestPestControl)Sectionwas logists, onepathologist,andtenm logy researchers,teachers,graduate y s. Alsoinrecentyears,specificIntern a riad ofurbanandruralprivate landowners. Hedg.&HuntexCum nage oakwiltincentralTexasandi spp.),Nantucketpinetipm

Ronald F.Billings,TexasForestService,CollegeStation,TX77840 ing? a fagacearum (Bretz) nagem eans ofseveralinnovativeapproach ), andalargenum http://www. texasinvasives.org b ership duesfrom Forces ofChange:OneStateAgency’sPerspective o Comment citer cedocument: ent, withfewstudentsto ber investm e logy Sem nt, from phasis onurbanforestry . Partnershipshave ), variousinsectdefoliatorsandfusiform e theperspectiveofsouthernstateforestryagencies,haschanged ntation, aninflux i nar, initiatedin

e Hunt m nt groups(i ental organiza . ) ineastTexas.In ber ofexperi 8-9forest Dendroctonus frontalis ). Abioticagentssuchaswindandicestorm o th ( u oblem encies includeincreasinghum lti- Rhyacionia frustrana ncluding areductioninwood-processingm been establishedandvolunteergroupstrainedto ibilities andchallengesfacingastateforestpest established in1962specificallytoaddressan industriesandgovernm replacethem ooperative program allenges. TheTFSForestPestManagem et webpageshavebeenestablishedtoprovide industry, privateandgovernm outbreaks andadverseweatherevents(dueto program e intheunion,hasadiversityofecological ent newresearchanddiscusscurrentpest oakwilt( students, andpestm s isoakwilt,causedbythevascularfungus 1973, continuestoprovideaforum nvasive plantsthroughoutTexas.TheEast om tions andinterestgroups, com ) inTexas.Insum lth inTexas.Inresponsetotheseincreasing principal entom enced forestentom and thevalueofurbantrees,lossforest of invasivenon-nativeplants,insectsand s havegrowninnum rest pestsinseedorchardsandyoungpine oneforestentom es. TheW centralTexas,them forestersin2006.Majorforcesof http://www.texasoakwilt.org Zim . TFShasaddressedthesenew e stern ForestPestManagem o m logist withtheTexasForest s andpartnerships.These (Com . ) inthe12m o o logists andpathologists e m logist in1962tothree a nt agenciessupportan ber andcom a nagers from pstock)), leaf-cutting ry, TFSism rust( a jor pestproblem an populations, m Hylobius illion acresof unities, cities e nt research Cronartium forforest p lexity in Texas, s e spp., , hail, ) and eting ills), e e nt nt 6

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). array ofenvironm The practiceofforestry is undergoingm Critical issuesinclude: North Am in developingm project futureforestconditionsandm positive feedbacktoatm forests toactascarbonsinksandcanturnfo of theseverityinsectoutbreaks,droughts, regim greenhouse gasem increase ofgreenhousegasconcentrationsintheatm North Am in m change willintensif disturbance regim processes. Thereisincreasingevidencethatgloba disturbance) bringaboutchangesinthefore other naturaldisturbances.Changesindisturba Forests inNorthAm Michael R.W 4. 3. 2. 1. itigating atm e Global ForestryIssues:ImplicationsfortheFuture ofForestEntomologists. s. Increasesintheareaandintensityof forest ecosystem it? disturbances affectforests? There isaneedforim How willtheinteractionof W W International PerspectiveonForcesofChangeinNorthAmericanForests h ill f and erican forests. erican forestsarecurrentlyactingas at rolecanf W o rests providepositivef e rner A.Kurz,NaturalResourcesCanada,CanadianForestService a itigation andadaptationstrategies o gner, Regents’Professor,School ental servicesandnon-traditiona e spheric greenhousegasincreases. s inNorthAm issions andrem y. Forestswillbeaf Comment citer cedocument: erica havehistoricallybeen o s. rest m o spheric greenhousegasconcentrations.Researchandm proved system a nagem

erica andproj ovals willdepe eedback toclim a e nagem nt playinm clim f ected by a jor cha s for ate ch e andwindstorm st age-classstructureandinm nt im wildfire, insectrangeexpansionsandincreases rests intocarbonsources.Thiswouldprovide

nce regim carbon sinks,andarethusslowingtherateof subjecttowildfire,insects,windthrowand nges onaglobalscale. Expectations foran m ections indicatethattheim ofForestry,NorthernArizonaUniversity clim l changeisalreadyaffectingfireandinsect l usesofforestsaredram nd toalargeextentonfuturedisturbance itigating clim onitoring andprojectinginsectim tobettercopewithf pacts uponthem ange, f ate change? ate changebuttheycanalsoplayarole o sphere. Theirfuturenetbalanceof e s (type,frequencyandintensityof o rest m s willdim ate changeandinadaptingto canassistlandm a nagem i nish thepotentialof o atically increasing rces of e nt andnatural pacts ofglobal a ny ecological changein odels that pacts on a nagers 7 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). will beplentyofwork for ourprofession.Th profoundly im In sum consum and m gradually beginningtorecognizethatenvironm A m plantation productivity. entom plantations couldhaveprofoundim through forestcertification.Theglobalshif roundwood producer,willhavetom Globalization oftheforestrysectorm insects asecologicalindicatorswillbeneeded. biodiversity ofinsectsandim standards. Im rather establishingcriteriaandindicatorsof global forestry.Thefocusisnolongeronthetr Sustainable forestm m ecosystem conf Invasive speciesisatopicthatcontinuesto increase inindustrialplantationforestsandassociatedforestinsectpests. econom range boundariescreatedbyelevationandlatitude. recognition thatglobalclim be theenvironm m forestry issuesinclude:1)globalclim perspective ofhowitwilllikelyinfluencethe Five m landscape. discipline longrootedinandessentialtosucce change andinvasivespeciesm m certification andinternationaltradeareforcingth and im while traditionalwooduserem o a a nagem nagem re exoticspecies,includingforestplantationtocom erences. Invadingspecieswillcause a jor globalissueisthechangingsocietal o echanism m a plem logists couldbeincreasinglyinvolvedininternational activitiesrelatedtoenhanced ers ofenvironm ic im jor globalissuesaffectingforestryare a e e ry, m s andincreasepestproblem nt innovelways.Addtochangingso nt, 4)globalizationand5)societalva ent sustainableforestrypractices pacts ofglobalchangeincludingthe plications toforestentom pact ourprofession a s ental issueofthe21 forassessingthatvalueand ny aspectsofforestryare Comment citer cedocument: a nagem ental servicesispossible. ate changewillresult e nt hasem prove m a ins high.Majorinternationaleffortsareunderwaytodevelop

of forestentom st pacts onwher a century.Ofm s. Managem ny newch e eans that eet interna ate change,2)invasivespecies,3)sustainableforest o thods to erged as logy dom changing aroundtheglobe.Thesechangeswill includes aneedforourprofessiontom . Legallybindingagreem

m native speciestogoextinct,willsim practices offorestentom ental servicesprovidedbyforestsarevaluable sustainability tom t toincreasedwoodfiberproductionfrom ssful forestry,m theUS,whichisworld’stopindustrial lues andforests.Globalclim discussed. Eachissueisreviewedfrom e futureofforestentom survey pestdam aditional sustainabilityofforestproductsbut a inate theagendaofm e m allenges em one ofthem attitudes aboutforests.Globalsocietyis king econom tional standardsofsustainableproduction e andhowwoodfiberisproduced.Forest in stressedf US participationinKyotoProtocolandan e Therewillalsobesignificantpoliticaland o cietal needstheeffectsofglobalclim nt responsem a logy. Restassured,however, thatthere a jor concernto jor forestlandownerstoapproach erge. Forestentom o o p ic transfersfrom rest ecosystem st im ensate forthisloss. u a a st respondtothischanging ge. Additionalresearchon y includeintroducingeven f eet internationalpolitical o portant newconceptsin rest entom a ny forestentom o o ents, forestproduct logy. Majorglobal logy m ate changem s atthespecies o producersto logists isthe a o y bem logy, asa a nage for o p logy the lif o ate a re 8 y y

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). By MichaelR.W Critical IssuesIdentifiedinPlenaryLecture than servicesanyofushaveim international andm fundam to solvinginsect-related problem discipline hasbeendefined prim fundam integrative discipline;ithasarichtraditi of insect-relatedproblem departm history; however,theidentityofentom focus oninsectsandrelatedarthropods.Theroots ofentom By itsnature,entom undergoing change. discipline departm sm Entom aller departm 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Fred P.HainandtheFutureDirectionsCom o and non-traditionalforestproductsperspectivesthanhashistoricallybeenthecase. need toadoptenvironm influence thetrade-offinforestuses. products. Thereisacriticalneedforbe m em developm forests andcreateacriticalneedform Changing societalattitudesandvaluesabout Forest entom Global clim The adoptionofsustainableforestm Globalization willresultinincreased e e logy andentom e ntal sciencearedefining them ntal scientificdisciplines.However, nts asadm o phasis onm re indicatorspeciesthatcanbeusedinm e ent forintensivelygrownforestplantations. a nts havedissolvedorm gner e o ate changeandotherfactorsw i Comment citer cedocument: nts. Butbeyondthisa nistrative unitswithinland re focusedontheroleof o o logy curriculaandtrainingw logy isataxon-baseddisc a o naging forestinsectstoenha logy departm Forces ofChange:AcademicPerspective s andtothelandgrantm ental servicesvaluationm

arily bythesuccessfulapplication ofscienceandtechnology s. Solvi agined. e es forentom nts arechangingthroughoutthecountry.Som o logy as e on ofcontributingtoanddrawingfrom rged withotherdepartm ng problem a insects inim nagem dem theidentityandsuccessofentom

ll entom grant universitiesarerelatedtotheim m adisciplineandtheexistenceofentom tter understandingforhowforestinsectswill ipline, whichhasasitsunifyingelem ittee, NCSUDepartm ill increasetheareaofindustrialplantation o o onitoring forestecosystem ill needtoincorporatem a logy. re training,researchandIPMstrategy i e nce biodiversityandthedevelopm nd forwoodandnon-traditional ssion. Scientifically,entom forestsm nt criteriaandindicatorsrequiresm o e s andcontributingsignificantly to logy departm thods toassessforestinsectim pacting non-traditionalforestgoods o logy lieinthetraditionofnatural ean forestentom e e e nts intolargerm nt ofEntom nts are,orwillbe, o function. re international o o logists will o logy isan logy asa o portance logy e m ofthe ent of o pacts ent a logy u a o lti- ny re 9 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). consum m growing tourism support alargem Forest andwaterresourcesarecriticaltothe should include: their responsibilitiestoadiversearrayofstake to fundam To accom If departm opportunity toenhancetheiridentityandrelevancewithintheuniversity. Finally, byactivelyparticipatinginundergradua justification form fundam extinction withintheuniversity.Sim prim continue. W faculty involvem the accom new fundingrealities.Inconjunctionwithth and bioengineering)appliedareasthatm traditional areastofundthebasiclifescience federal governm constituencies traditionallyservedbydepartm Accom increased dram During thisperiod,theproportionofpopulati technology, biotechnology,andm for em The im a nagem • • • • • • • ary f ploym p portance ofagricultureasapercentageUSgrossdom aquatic entom Biodiversity andNaturalResourceEntom Urban andPublicHealthEntom Agricultural Entom courses thatm Participate activelyinteachingundergraduatecourses,includingdistanceeducation, the university;and Maintain agraduateprogram outreach m Enhance theirreputationasavitalcontri dem Expand theappliedm e ption tooneof anying thisshif ntal processesisasurepathtolo e p o e e p nt practiceisshiftingfrom lish this,departm cus onsolvingagriculturalinsectpr ntal andappliedresearch,extension nts ofentom ographic, econom anying increaseinnum ent hasdeclineddram ithin thiscontext,itseem atically whiletheproportionliving andrecreationindustries. Itshoul e e nts andlandgrantuniversitiesha a nt inundergraduateteaching. i a ssion oftheuniversity; nufacturing industry.Parks intaining astand-alonedepartm Comment citer cedocument: o eet theneedsofuniversity. m logy, whicharenotm o a logy aretothrivetheym t hasbeenadeclin intenance of o logy andPestm e ic andpoliticalrealities; nts willhavetom i ssion beyondtraditionalagriculturetoreflectthechanging

e atically over di ber ofundergra anem inentom ilarly, an cal sectorsoftheeconom healthand o s thatforanentom logy (includingforensicentom phasi a u nagem e aforem tually exclusive). o country’s future.Tim ss ofdepartm re o (e.g. biom exclusive focusonbasicresearchtoelucidate a and teaching,inawaythatsatisfactorilym holders. Coreareasofresearchandteaching e te teachingentom l e inthepoliticalinf in nts ofentom directlyref s onextractionofforest resources forhum ogy toensureprogram on livinginurbanandsuburbansettingshas and wildernessareassupport thelargeand u oblem the last20years.Duringthatperiod, sustainability of d bepointedoutthatthe em tain aneffectivebalanceinitscom butor tothebasicresearch,teachingand st: in ruralsettingshasdeclineddram All indicationsarethatthesetrendswill e o e nt logy (includingforestentom ve beendivertingresourcesawayfrom duates iscreatingtheneedforgreater nt ofentom entioned trends,populationgrowthand s isasurepathtoirrelevanceand edical sciences,m o l logy departm ect changingconstituenciesand e o ntal identityandwithitthe logy. Inresponse,stateand estic productandasasource y havegrowndram o o thef logy withintheuniversity. logy departm b erlands, inm o o l logy) m rest environm uence of a e tic identitywithin nt tom o lecular genetics, phasis inforest e nts havethe therural a o a ny states, logy and intain its m atically. atically. ent. In itm ent eet 10 an

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). questions surrounding sustainability inarapi better integratesouref f to 15.Theunitsarenowgroupedbyscience ar March ofthisyearwebegantorealignour the SouthernResearchStationisim in ourenvironm with it.Fiscalpressuresarecausingm forest industry.W internally andexternally.Globalizationot The groundisshiftingunderourf ball isinyourcourt! im decision m when theyretired.Mychargetoyouisdon’tju retire) saythattheydidnotthinkwould recent years,Ihaveheardcolleaguesofm departm grant university.Asignificantgroupofstake is acriticalareaofresearchandteachinginwell-balancedentom My take-hom pine beetlesm insect, hassuddenlybecom and aresubjectedtovariousdisturbances. wood wasp.Inaddition,newhostsofendem ash borer,thehem the foresthealthcrisisthatwecurrentlyf For exam and appliedim areas arerichinopportunitiestoenhancethegr address im opportunities fordepartm growing population.Theprogram recreation. Thesesystem adequate supplyoffreshwaterbutalsoconstituteavaluableresourcefortourism water, andwildlif sustainability. Forestsarevitaltothehealth other words,resourceextractionisconsidered o rest health.W portance onnaturalresourceentom National PerspectiveonForcesofChangeinNorthAmericanForestsandForestry Peter J.Roussopoulos,Director,Southern e nts ofentom ple, exoticpestintroductionsareo portant issuesinnaturalresource a kers inyourrespectivedepartm e m a portance. y beexpandingtheirhostandgeographicrange,perhapsduetoglobalchange. ent areaffectingwhatweneed e e intendthisnewalignm e habitat.Healthyaquatic ssage isthatnaturalresour e l areseeingbroadchangesin ock woollyadelgid,theba Comment citer cedocument: o logy foranswerstosom f o rts acrossdisciplinesand institutionstoaddressthelarge,com e s arebeingthreaten nts ofentom e atreekillerinth

eet. W m plem a o tic areasof a logy (fores ny ch o ace includetheAsianlonghornedbeetle,em enting logy to e ent tobetterenablerelevant, crediblesciencethat arecurrentlyexperiencingdram W y The redoakborer,apreviouslyinnocuousnative

ccurring atanunprecedentedrate.Exam anges ingovernm of thecountry’senvironm generation (thebabyboom ce entom o i m c pe

rk Unitsandhavereducedthenum e Ozarks.Southernpinebeetlesandm her forcesarebringingaboutm e system st walkawayfrom ed bydevelopm e toknow.Drivenbym be replacedwithanotherforestentom lsam aduate program a m whoownsthelandandwhattheywanttodo nts, collegesanduniversitiesofthegreat a dly changingworld. Involvem veryseriousquestions.Toom ResearchStation,USForestService in thecontextof address im nagem holders inoursocietywillbelookingto eas, oneofwhichisfocusedonthreatsto t andaquaticentom sts arealsoevolvingasourforestschange forest andaquaticentom a woollyadelgid,gypsym jor changeinhowweareorganized.In s arenotonlyvitaltom o e logy (forestandaquaticentom nt andenvironm portant stakeholderneedsandto e inanum nt andacadem ent andthedem yourcareers.Convincethe o overallf logy departm o ent, includingitsfresh logy) tosociety.The a ny ofthesechanges, ers thatareaboutto ber ofareasbasic ental health.Both atic changes,both o o logy offergreat rest healthand ia, andchanges a o ny changesin a th, andSirex a e intaining an a ny tim ber from e nt ataland nds ofour nt ofour ountain ples of o o logist es, in logy) erald and p 28 lex 11 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). research com new orderarebeingdesigned.W custom and strengthenedcoordinationbetweenFS&CSREES. strategic planningandprioritysetting,acontinued im colleges) withinourprogram 1890 landgrantinstitutionsandfullincorporati extension, increasedem CSREES includeanem Adm agroforestry, aquaticandterrestrialwildlife, and rangeresources,m entom for congressionallym awarded research,educationandextensionpr related research/extensionportfolio.CSREESsupportsbothform A briefoverviewisprovidedforCSREESfundsbyprogram forest healthm and utilization.Researchpracticalim biochem developm sm program A changingnaturalresourcesworkforcewill tools tom responding toinvasiveandresurgentpests m a fram facing forestryandforestentom Education andExtensionServiceoftheUnitedSt areas encom with particularim The futurefocusonissuesandopportunitiesin e all andlim thods forvaluationofecosystem i nistrative andm o ework fordeciding,assessingandevalua ers andresearchpartnerswillbeim logy highlightedinthispresentationincl s designedtoreachadiversepublicc i cals includingtheexpansionofeffort ent offorestgenom a nage thesethreatswillbeanim m p assing thescopeofworks onitoring continuetobeapriority. ited resourcelandholders.Neworrenewedem unity. W plications forforesten Rick Meyer,NationalProgram Comment citer cedocument: a a ndated earm phasis oncom nagem e a needyounowtohelpusbeevenstrongerpartnersinthefuture. phasis onm Forces ofChange,CSREESPerspective nagem s. CSREESseeks e ics andbiot nt directionsfo o

e logy include nt andcontrolof e havealwaysvaluedyourcollaborationintheforestinsect a rked funds.Ma p u etitively awardedgrantfunding,equitablesupport for lti-state or serv plica tom porta andconservationofbiologicalbiodiversity. portant tousastheprogram echnology, developm upported bytheCooperativeStateResearch, ogram ices. Detecting,identifying,assessingand ecosystem o tions oftherolecarboncyclesandpools lientele, includingunderservedgroupssuchas

logy andecologyarepresentedwithinbroad nt focusforresearch,educationandextension. s directedtowardwoodybiom diseases anddevelopm uded: m broad involvem r thefuturewhichhavehighpriorityfor on andinclusionof1994institutions(tribal be addressedthroughthediversityofour ting sustainableresourcem ates Departm LeaderforEntom forestry research,educationandextension m s andalsoprovidesadm forestandrangefires,urbanforestry, u jor topicswithim lti-f provem a fragm nagem unctional research,educationand e e e e focusareasfortheforestry- e nt inprogram nt ofAgriculture.Keyissues nt andsustainabilityofforest ntation, andlandconversion, nt ofdiversestakeholdersin ula-based andcom phasis willbeplacedon ent ofnutriceuticalsand o logy ent ofdecisionsupport m plications forforest a i nistrative support tic detailsof a accountability ass conversion nagem p etitively e nt and this 12

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). brought aboutanescalating invasionofexoticpest The m investm tim land f of landm including TIMO’s,REIT’s,andprivatelandowners especially intheU.S.South,f There hasbeenanextraordinaryshiftinindus and foreigninvestm industry com declining profitability,andanapparentabundant However, theglobaleconom and theyhavedem have contributedsignificantlytoforestryre Traditional forestindustrycom from research hasdocum recognized asanim relatively predictableaddedgrowthandproductva losses whenotherprogram acceptable returnoninvestm clean andpresenteconom Forest industrycom regulations. regulations, invasivespecies,andpesticid including seedorchardandnurserypests,seedlingm problem rust, pitchcanker,southernpinebeetle,and International Paperhassupportedaforesthealth work exclusivelyonforestpestproblem basic research.Relativelyfewforestentom and urgentconcern,relyingongovernm industry com and m recent years,whichwillsignificantlyalterlandm Com berlands. Thischangeinforestlandowne othersilviculturaltreatm m a o e a nagem r the“highestandbestuse,”whichwilllead tof rcial f ssive m e s ofconcern.However,m nt inforesttim a nagem p p e o anies istosupportcooperativesand anies torestructurethroughm nt offorestpests.Thetraditional restland ownershippatternsinthe ovem e nt objectives,oftenwithshortertim e ented significantlossesingr Comment citer cedocument: portant opportunitytoim onstrated acom p nts. e Forces ofChange:ForestIndustryPerspective anies usuallydonotdirectfundstowardspestm nt ofm berland R&D,especiallyforpestm ic benefitorthreat s, suchasgeneticsa R. ScottCam e e a nt anditisdifficulttosellpreventionofunpredictabledam y, strongoff-shor p nts whendam terials andproduc anies haveplayed

r om a ny otherforest m traditionalC-corporationstotax-advantaged entities itm e nt agenciesanduniversityscientiststoconductm e s, and ron, InternationalPaper ent togoodstewardshipofthelandstheyown. search, establishm a e rship willundoubtedlyleadtoevenlessprivate the Nantucketpinetipm ge isheavy. o prove e applicationtechnology,registrations,and rger l is perceived.Expendituresm ogists havebeenhiredbyforestindustryto approach toforestpest m owth andform nd silviculture,arejustif trial tim program ts associatedwithourglobal econom e com United Stateshavechangeddram anim fiber supplyhavedrivenm s. Antherpivotalrecent developm s, consolidation,specialization,landsales, a o healthrelatedissueshavebeenaddressed special projectsaddressingissuesofclear nagem growthinloblollypineplantationssince lue. Pinetipm . Thesenewlandownershaveadiversity st havehadrelativelyshortassignm o rtality, hardwoodpests,im e horizons,andarepronetoreselling portant roleintheU.S.econom p berland ownershipinrecentyears, etition, unfavorabletaxtreatm foratleast25years,withfusiform e a nt strategiesaswelltheim nagem u ent ofproductivetim rther f , aswelllostopportunities e o nt. th m r m agm o th beingtheprim a a a ied onthebasisof nagem nagem nagem e ntation of a u ny U.S.forest st prom e e e nt hasbeen nt unlessa nt byforest port/export atically in berlands, ent isthe f ise an y has y and o ents. pact e rest a ary o nt, 13 ge re

e nt from ate change a naged plantations. anindustrialperspectiveinclude: opportunities forem

oduction ofbiom m ogether withtherapiddevelopm ich weareincreasinglyunpreparedtohandle. e significantlydim arecreatinganonslaughtofnewandm tic invasivepests,intensiveplantation reats totim rce e ntation. will continuetostrainourability o ber productionandthefutureof st oftheirtim ass andbiofuelsfrom ploym i nished throughm ent, partnerships,and a jor resurgencein berlands. ent ofnew e wood rgers, o 14 re

Comment citer cedocument:

INVASIVE INSECTS

15 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). com was prim

1) Results Forest Service2001). years intothefutureusingsouthernvari Braak 1986,1988).Currentvegetati woody plantvegetationassem USDA ForestService.Canonicalcorrespondence analysiswasusedtoassesspatternsam Vegetation m Methods shortleaf pine/oakstandsofeasternKentucky. and 3)SPB-causedm suppression withsubsequentwildfireinloblolly leave suppression,andundisturbedloblollypine disturbance inm Plain andontheCum scale m com understanding ofthem In spiteofawealthknowledgeonSPB loblolly pine(Landersetal.1995;BakerandLangdon1990). com conversion havealteredforeststructureand has increased(ClarkeandBillings2003).Fi Unfortunately, thedurationbetweenoutbreaksha Zim Mortality eventsf Introduction University ofKentucky,Departm Tom Southern PineBeetleAndAssociatedDisturbance. A ChangingLandscape:PredictingFuture SPB, cut-and-leave,and undisturbedloblollypine. m position andsuccession.W m m W e only foundinm unities, leadingtoanincreaseinthe rm . o Colem rtality f arily explainedbyplot aspect andelev ann, continuetoim easurem a n andLynneK.Rieske-Kinney r u om ltiple geographiclocations r Moderator: TomColeman,UniversityofKentucky om Comment citer cedocument: Invasive InsectsandForestCommunityStructure SPBinloblollyandshortl ents andplotdatafollowedtheCom o b rtality coupledwithprescr theendem echanism e erland Plateau.Ourres sic areaswereassociat b lages, environm e

s e exam bywhichSPBand pact pineforeststhroughoutthesoutheasternU.S. nt ofEntom i c southernpinebeetle(SPB), on datawasusedtodepictfutureforestcom ined w biology andecology,wehaveonlyam ant of prevalence anddom , including1)SPB-causedm o oody vegetationcom

re suppression,urbanization,andagricultural logy Forests FollowingCatastrophicLossesTo reduced historicallydom ental variables,anddisturbanceregim ed withnorthernslopes andlowelevation, eaf pinestandsinaLouisianawildernessarea, ation, notthedisturbance regim earch encom s decreased,whereasthescaleofoutbreaks ibed firem standsineastTexas,2)cut-and-leave pinestandsintheW theForestVegetationsim IneastTexas,vegetation com associated disturbancesinfluenceforest m on StandExam a p nagem assed severalaspectsofSPB inance of position followinglarge- e Dendroctonus frontalis nt inshortleafpineand inant longleafpine e stern Gulf SPB-susceptible o protocolsofthe rtality, cut-and- u lator (USDA e position 50 s. Species Coastal position e i nim s (ter ong 16 a l

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). 2) future SPBdisturbance(Hicks1980;Masonetal.1985). loblolly pinebasalareafollowingSPBandcut- dom no disturbance(50%).Undisturbedloblollypi predicted instandswithSPBcausedm hickories, sweetgum pine topredom m forests, includingsum cut-and-leave plotswereassociatedwith the SPBdisturbance,depictingashif hophornbeam associated prim higher elevations.Loblollypinewasassociated whereas vegetationtoleranttoxericconditions thus causingdifferences invegetation m should inhibitfuturelarge-scale SPBinfestati resulting from In allregions,them Discussion regeneration. prescribed fire.However,prelim com without fire(83%and92%,respectively).Regardless oftheinitialforesttype, pine/ oakstandsinKentucky,hardwoodforest 3) pine regeneration. f predicted tobeam disturbance (77%).InLouisiana,pinestands forest typesincut-and-leavesuppressedstands southern m linked toyoungerstands,andshade-tolerant and-leave alsoinfluencedplantcom plots receivingalow-intensityfire15yearsafter whereas loblollypine,longleafredm associated withstandsdisturbedonlybyahigh- related toplotswithcut-and-leavesuppressi prim Louisiana followedsim acilitate loblollypineseedlingestablishm i a nim SPB-caused m y initiallyinf Cut-and-leave withsubsequentwildfireinloblollypine position shiftedtowhiteoak/redhi inant pinecom ary determ a l loblollypineregeneration.Modelingpr a gnolia, wereassociatedwitholderst wererelatedtotheSPBdisturbance. SPBandassociateddisturbances inantly m inants ofwoodyplantcom arily withhardwoodregeneration.W l uence thef o rtality andprescribedf oderate hazardtoSPB(Hic ponent (45%)following50yr Comment citer cedocument: , andloblollypine.Mixe i x ofpine-andhardwood-dom m ilar trends;elevation,sl i e xed uplandhardwood r grape,Am o rest m

i position. crohabitat inary results t f erican b o r om rtality i shrubs andvinescom re inshortleaf ent in a succession. Thecritical issuessurrounding positi ple, ons. Itappearsthatcut-and-leave suppression itial pine-dom and rem (80%),cut-and-leavesuppression(60%),and d uplandhardwoodwasthem hardwoods,includingAm Loblolly pine,redm ne standsalsom ckory dom ope position,andm on andtwowildfireevents.Shrubswere ks 1980;Masonetal.1985).Fireappearsto represents areasofincreasedbiodiversity,and withcut-and-leaveandsubsequentfireare and-leave m m eautyberry, anddevil’swalkingstick,with (75%), andinpinestandswithonlywildfire types dom com ands. Loblollypinedom withxericplots.SPBdisturbedplotswere andsouthernredoakwereassociatedwith wereassociatedwithsouthernslopesand edicted ashiftfrom intensity f cut-and-leave. Standageatthetim u on. Shrubs,vines,andscruboakswere suggestthatprescribedfireaidspine ch dif Undisturbedloblollypineseparatedfrom ofsuccession.InTexas,thepredicted inated com m unities, com ove com h pine f ite oak,redm e inance, independentoftheuse inated m rently thanSPBcaused m i o re twoyearsaf inated stands.Vegetationinthe . Inshortleafpineand rtality representalowhazardto . Vegetationcom m p a m eting vegetationf intained adom unities acrossthelandscape only foundinopen-canopy p o odel predictionswithand rised ofoaks,redm a isture gradientswerethe pre-disturbanceloblolly ple andsweetgum a ple, sweetgum inated thepredicted erican beechand ter cut-and-leave; a jor foresttype inant andco- position in o r loblolly e ofcut- o rtality, were , and a ple, 17

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). com reflect variabilityinrates ofdeposition;rather concentration instream consequences f The northeasternU.S.receiveshighrates Studies, RossD.Fitzhugh,UniversityofIllinois Gary M.Lovett,Instituteof Mary A.Arthur,UniversityofKentucky, Tree SpeciesCom Interacting EffectsOfGeological Mountain ResearchStation.FortCollins,CO. USDA ForestService.2001.VegetationSi correspondence. Vegetatio69:69-77. ter Braak,C.J.F.1987.Theanalysisofvege m ter Braak,C.J.F.1986.Canonicalcorrespondencean Southeast: requiem Landers, J.L.,VanLear,D.H.andBoyer,W 645. 31p. of standstosouthernpinebeetleatt Mason, G.N.,Lorio,P.L.,Belanger,R.P.,a Technical Bulletin1631. J.L., Coster,J.E.,andHertel,G.D.(eds).Th Hicks, R.R.1980.Clim 27: 2003. program Clarke, S.R.andBillings,R.F.2003.Analysis Service AgriculturalHandbook654. R.M. andHonkala,B.H.(eds.).Silvicsof Baker, J.B.andO.G.Langdon.1990. References this knowledgeintoforestm factors influencestandsuccessionfollowingcatas revegetation dynam u ltivariate directgradientanalysis.Ecology67:1167-1179. position resultinvarying ratesofNcycli onthenationalforestsinTexasth o r f position AndNitrogenCycling orrenaissance? i Comment citer cedocument: cs callforcontinuedresearchontheextenttowhichbioticandabiotic o rests anddownstream s oftheCatskill atic, site,andstandfactors.P.179-194. Ecosystem a nagem

SubstrateAndAnInvasiveScale(BeechBarkDisease) On JournalofForestry93:39-44 e nt practices. ack. USDAForestServiceAgriculturalHandbookNo. Studies, Pinus taeda Mountains (Lovettetal. 2000),however,donot nd Nettleton,W . D. 1995.Thelongleafpineforestsinthe North Am ecosystem e southernpinebeetle.USDAForestService e 1990s.SouthernJournalofAppliedForestry tation-environm , differencesam of nitrogen(N)deposition,withpotential Kathleen C.W ng andconcentrationsof Ninstream of thesouthernpinebeetlesuppression L.Loblollypine.P.497-512. trophic disturbance,andincorporationof m alysis: aneweigenvectortechniquefor u lator (FVS),Southernvariant.Rocky erica, vol.1.Conifers.USDAForest s. A17-f . A. 1985.Ratingthesusceptibility ent relationshipsbycanonical ong watershedsintreespecies eathers, Instituteof in : Thatcher,R.C.,Searcy, o ld variabilityinN Ecosystem in: Burns, water 18

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). forested watershedsofthe CatskillMountai Lovett, G.M.,K.C.W 718. watersheds bysoilcarbon:nitrogenratioandtree speciescom Lovett, G.M.,K.C.W 56:395-405. ecosystem Lovett, G.M.,C.D.Canham References disciplines. processes; andincreasedfundingforrapidres understanding oftheinteractionsbetweenins pathogens andtrees,includingtheirresponsein we suggesttheneedforenhancedunderstandingof ecosystem host treespeciesthatm develop am understanding ofthelinkagesbetweeninvasions of factorsandreflectcom Ecosystem m com hypothesized thathighCasitesm between soilCaavailabilityandthesuccessional calcium dem results inincreasingratesofnitrification. and extendingourresultstoshowthatshiftingspeciescom previous resultsdem nitrification stronglym established astudywithvaryinglevelsofbeech higher ratesofnitrificationandgreaterlosse (BBD) effectivelyelim subsequent invasionbythe of Am Cryptococcus fagisuga) and Am (Lovett etal.2004).Ofparticularinterestis com and foundsignificantlyhigherratesofnitrifi (Lovett etal.2002).W a y bem position from p onstrated thatsingle-speciesstandsofs ared tostandsdom erican beech,whosethin,sm (Ca)thanbeechstands(Arthur erican beechbecauseofthepotentialfo o responsestoexoticpestsandpathogensineastern NorthAm characteristics(Lovettetal2006).In consequencesofforestinsectpest re likelytoregenerateasbeechstands odel fram beechtosugarm Comment citer cedocument: onstrating thatsugarm ework forassessingthekey eathers, andM.A.Arthur eathers, andSobczak,W inates Am

e i to infestnorthernhardwoodforestsandcausetheselectivem studied rrored sugarm a inated byotherspeci y beusefulinpredic p lex interactionsat , Neonectria M.A.Arthur,K.

N cyclinginsingle-speciesstandstheCatskillMountains erican beech,sugarm a ple inthe a ooth bark y bem sp.fungus.Instandswherethebeechbarkdisease a ple presenceintheleaflitter,corroboratingour ns, NY.EcologicalApplications 9:1330-44. et al.,unpublished),suggestingapotentiallink Thesingle-speciesstudy,describedabove,also ugar m a the differenceinNcyclingbetweensugarm s andpathogensarelikelytodependonarange pl C. W ects/pathogens, theirhosttrees,andecosystem s ofNasnitratethroughsoilleaching.W the ecosystem o . 2002.Controlofnitrogenlossfrom m cation instandsdom es com . e hashigherratesofnitrificationthanbeech, face ofBBDm ponse toteam 2000.Nitrogensaturation andretentionin ting shif re . Currentresearchaddressesthishypothesis. developing priorityareasforfutureresearch, an environm outcom m o r theexoticpest(thebeechscaleinsect, a thebasicbiologicalfunctioningofinsects, rtality resultingfrom factors ofthepestor a andecosystem eathers, andR.DFitzhugh.2006.Forest likely toexperienceashiftinspecies ple tendtooccuronsiteswithhighersoil kes itsusceptibletothescaleand m a e on inthenorthernhardwoodforest ts inspeciesandchangesf ple m ofBBDinfestation.Thus,wehave position from scale.Recentadvancesinour ent ofglobalchange;increased s ofscientistsacrossm position. Ecosystem a o y replacebeech,resultingin rtality, whereaslowCasites responseenabledusto inated bysugarm BBD.W beechtosugarm pathogenandofthe erica. BioScience e foundthat s 5:712- forested o u rtality ltiple o a a a ple, rest ple ple 19 e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). (2005) andPolandMcCullough (2006)aresum Characteristics ofashspecies describedbyBu their abilitytopersistandregenerateinareas withhighdensitiesofEABisunknown. Characteristics ofashspecies:Ashtreesoccupy profunda urban sites,butblackash( as thecauseof Em Dept. ofEntom Michigan StateUniversity Deborah G.McCullough Rising From northern hardwoodforest:Dospeciesm Lovett, G.M.,K.C.W roughly 0.5inchesintothesapwoodorinthick, Septem Larvae generallybeginfeedinginlateJuly trees rangingf through thebarkandfeedinphloem 60 eggsduringher3-6weeklifespan.Eggsha typically feedforatleastanotherweekbefore through August.Beetlesfeedonashfoliagefor EAB lifecycle:StudiesinMichiganhaves was knownaboutthebiologyorbehaviorofthis other Asiancountries(McCulloughandKatovich ( of underway toevaluatehostpreferenceandselec f canopy diebackandeventuallytreem EAB hosts:Galleriesexcavatedbylarvaein al. 2005,SiegertandMcCullough,unpubl.data). m larvae requiretwoyearsoffeedingfordevelopm in springandadultsbegintoem ( since beenfoundinotherareasofMichigan,Ohio,IndianaandIllinois Essex County,OntarioinJuly2002.Additional o www.em F. pennsylvanica o rested, ruralandurbansettingsinsoutheastMi ashinsoutheastMichigan,however,have st com erald ashborer(Coleoptera:Buprestidae)( ber andOctober.Mostoverwinteraspr ) havealsobeenattacked. m eraldashborer.info on relativelyhealthytreesandin TheAshes:W r o widespreadm om logy ) andwhiteash( 1inchto60inchesindiam Comment citer cedocument: eathers, M.A.Arthura h 2006).Em at MightW F. nigra o rtality of

erge inMa F. americana ), blueash( erald ashborer(EAB)isnativetoChina,Koreaand a e o ashtrees( . tter? SeeAfterEm Tree rtality. y. Recentobservationshaveshownthatsom hown thatadultEABareactivef rns andHonkala(1990), MacFarlaneandMeyer Biogeochem nd J.C.Schultz.2004.Nitrogencyclingina they begintolayeggs. been colonizedandkilledbyEAB.Greenash andcontinuetofeeddevelopthrough Agrilus planipennis tch withinonetotwoweeksandlarvaetunnel epupal fourthinstarlarvaeincellsexcavated areas withlowdensitiesof populations ofem eter havebeenattackedandkilledbyEAB. size doesnotappeartoaffecthostselection; chigan havebeenkilledbyEAB.Studiesare phloem ent. Thisextendeddevelopm a widerangeofsoilandsiteconditions,but 2004),butatthetim Anestim at leastaweekbeforem ) arecom thephloem m F. quadrangulata tion behaviorofadultbeetles.Allspecies outer barkoflargetrees.Pupationoccurs Fraxinus a rized below. erald AshBorer? - feeding insect(Cappaertetal.2005). i m ated 15m stry 67:289-308. sp.)insoutheastMichiganand disrupttranslocation,leadingto on hostsofEABinforestand erald ashborer(EAB)have Fairm Eachfem ) andpum e ofitsdiscovery,little illion ashgrowingin

a a ire) wasidentif EAB(Cappaertet ting, thenfem ent seem a r le canlay50- om pkin ash( lateMay s tobe a ied les 20 F. e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). largely determ southeastern MichiganbyOhioStateUniversity to succum Therefore, ashseedcollected inoursam ash seedontreesinthese sitesorontrees generally m sam August 2005,wecooperatedwithDanHerm The ashseedbankm vulnerable tolong-term Trees suchasblackash,whichonlyproduceseed likely tokillm of ashseed.Basedonobservationsto-datea EAB-induced m becom Ash seedbank:W collapses toam ash treesinagivensitedie,phloem basal areaorrelatedvariablesappeartohavelittleef (A. Sm EAB canbuildrapidlyandoncelarval and developonthenativeashspeciesithasenc Ash m not produceduntiltreesareatleasttenyearsold(Harm prim killed byEAB.Pum EAB thanothernativeashspecies(Anulewicz shade intolerantandgrowsrapidly.Studiesto stands andwoodlotsinsoutheasternMichiganha Rauscher 1990).Blueashispredom of riparian areasinnortheasternstatesandCanada. ash occursoccasionallyinsouthernMichig seed isproducedbytreesthatare8-10inchesin am Seedlings aretolerantofsom m reach 3-4inchesindiam cottonwood ( periodically wetsiteswithlowland tolerates heavy,poorly-drainedsoilsandisoftenfoundinriparianareasoronother pioneer speciesandisrelativelyintolerant Green ashisdistributedacrossm o itshabitat,growthistypicallyslow.Seed ounts oflighttoreachtheoverstory.Seed st econom p arily onwetsiteswithheavysoils.Likeblue le theashseedbankinnineforested e o ith andD.Herm establishedwilldependontheabilityof rtality: Resultsfrom b (McCulloughandSiegert,unpubl.data). a tures andfallsinlatesum Populus deltoides ically valuableash.Itisoften ined byhowlongastandhasbeen a u o ny ashtreesbeforetheyareoldenoughorlarge enoughtoproduceseed. ch lowerdensity(Siegertetal.2006). rtality. Ashregenerationdepe h Comment citer cedocument: ether ashwillpersistasan a pkin ashisastate-listed y contributetoashregene im s, OSU,unpubl.data).Site eter (Kennedy1990).W pacts from previousorongoi e shade,butbecom ). Greenashproducesseedcropsinm

u ch oftheeastern hardwoods suchasAm availabilitydropsandtheEABpopulationpresum EAB. densitiesreach80to100larvaeperm inantly foundinthecentralMidwest,althoughsom m p e les representedseedproduced inpreviousyears. r orautum ofshadethroughoutitslifespan.Greenash an butism sites withabundantoverstoryash.Ashseed s andot yearsoccurat7-8yearintervals(W found inm overstorycom -date indicatethatism ng studieshaveshownthatEABcancolonize nd datacollectedbyOSUscientists,EABis nds, inpart,ontheabundanceandpersistence e ration followingwidespreadashm diam threatened speciesinMichiganandisfound ountered (Anulewiczetal.2006).Densityof years occuratthree-yearintervalsandm lesstolerantwithageandrequiresubstantial across m et al.2006),butithasbeencolonizedand Itishighlyintolerantofshadeandbecause ash,itisshadeintolerant.Seedgenerally h

ve asizeablecom infestedandtheEABdensityinstand scientists haveshownthatashm ite ash toregenerateaf orstandfactorssuchasashtreesize,age, andcentralU.S.Itisoftenregardedasa f at 7-8yearintervals,m n, butin2005,weobserved virtuallyno ect ontreem Datacollectedfrom ashisalsowidelydistributedandthe eter orlarger(Schlesinger1990).Black her OhioStateUniversityscientiststo s 1990). o i xed standsonfertileuplandsoils. o erican elm st com st ofsouthernlowerMichigan. ponent inareaswhereEABhas o m rtality rates.Overtim on inswam ponent ofblueash.Itis ( a Ulmus americana ter theinitialwaveof y belesspreferredby o 30forestedsitesin st yearsoncetrees 2 a , treesarelikely y beespecially ps, bogsand o rtality. In o right and rtality is ) and e, as ably o 21 st e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). North Am Cappaert, D.,D.G.McCullough,T.M.Polanda Enterprise Team 27, 2005.Pittsburg,Pennsylvania.USDAForest of theEm preference studies.p.15-16,In:Mastro,V.,R. Anulewicz, A.,D.G.McCulloughandD.L.Ca References the U.S.iswarranted. regeneration intotheoverstory,suggestthatcon before theyachievethesizeoragetoproduce The variableproductionofashseed,thelik ash m occupy siteswhereashtreesoccurandarelikely buckthorn ( of ashregenerationtooutcom ash recruitm sunlight iftheyaretoberecruitedintotheoverstory.Thesizeofoverstorygapneededfor Ash seedlingsorsaplingscanbeabundantinso Ash regenerationwillalsodependonthesurvival 2006. course, prelim relatively fewseedscollectedfrom generally highviabilityof seeds werecollectedandonlyoneseedwas sites, wecollected18seeds(35%ofthetotal)and44%wereviable.Onlythreeblackash from percent oftheseedswerecollectedinwhite were viable.Nearlyalloftheseeds(85%) Overall, therewere52ashseedsrecoveredfr tetrazolium then sieved.Ashseedswereretrievedandte sam sam each ofthreeplotslocatedinthenine Soil sam sites, alllocated10to30m W e usedaslideham p p asinglesite.Forty-eight le from le from o rtality progresses.Ashregenerationisal p les were4cm erica: aresearchandregulatory ch erald AshBorerResearchandT (TZ)stain. Frangula alnus ent totheoverstory,especiallyin thenext10cm theupper10cm inary andadditionalsam , FHTET-2005-16. Comment citer cedocument: m e indiam r tocollectsoilsam ashseeds,thepatchy ) andcom down(totalof216 iles from p ofsoil(incl eter and10cm percent ofthewhiteashseedswereviable.Ingreen ete invasiveplan

theblackash m thecore on buckthorn( p ling tocharacterizetheashseedbankisplannedfor echnology Developm allenge. Am uding litterandorganichorizons)asecond p elihood thatyoungtreeswillbekilledbyEAB ash sites,but28ofthe31whiteseedscam were foundintheupper10cm m le om ppaert. 2006.Em d oftheEABinfestationinCanton,Michigan. viable. Althoughwewerepleasedtoseethe sites. Ateachsam Reardon andG.Parra,com s in3whiteash,blackashandgreen sted f seed, andthequestionablerecruitm i so f nd N.W eep andwerecollectedfrom cern aboutthefutureofnativeashspeciesin soil sam xed speciesstands,isnotknown.Theability m the216soilsam t speciesm to rapidlytakeadvantageofcanopygapsas sites warrantconcern.Theseresultsare,of e distribution of and growthof sites,butrequireasubstantialam r equently browsedbydeerinm Rhamnus cathartica o Service,ForestHealthTechnology r viabilityusingapressuretestand . erican Entom p Siegert.2005.Em les). Sam a y alsobeproblem erald ashborerhostrangeand ent Meeting.Septem seedof ashseedlingsandsaplings. p p le point,wecollectedone p les and46%oftheseeds les wereallowedtodry, o logist 51(3):152-165. ), forexam allspeciesandthe p erald ashborerin ilers. Proceedings fourlocationsin sam atic. Glossy p les. Sixty ent ofash a ple, often ny areas. ber 26- ount of 22 e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). m Eastern Hem Departm John D.W Southern AppalachianLandscapes Modeling TheIm em www.em Forest ServiceAgriculturalHandbook654.877p. Burns, R.M.andB.H.Honkala.1990.Silvics W Service, ForestHealthTechnologyEnterpriseTeam Developm G. Parra,com of em Siegert, N.W Agricultural Handbook654.877p. B.H. Honkala.1990.SilvicsofNorthAm Schlesinger, R.C.1990. and thethreattoNorthAm Poland, T.M.andD.G.McCullough.2006.Em NA-PR-02-04. USDAForestService,StateandPr McCullough, D.G.andS.A.Katovich.2004.PestAl hosts forem MacFarlane, D.W Service AgriculturalHandbook654.877p. R.M. andB.H.Honkala.1990.SilvicsofNort Kennedy, H.E.,Jr.1990. Service AgriculturalHandbook654.877p. R.M. andB.H.Honkala.1990.SilvicsofNort Harm Forest ServiceAgriculturalHandbook654.877p. Burns, R.M.andB.H.Honkala.1990.SilvicsofNorthAm e r erald ashborerwebsite.AccessedJuly28,2006. sic flats,draws,ravines, coves,andca ight, J.W s, W erald ashborer:adendrochronological e eraldashborer.info nt ofEnvironm ent Meeting.Septem . a R. 1990. ldron erald ashborer.ForestEcologyandManagem . ., D.G.McCullough,A.M.Liebhold andH.M.Rauscher.1990. l ock (TsugaCanadensis) andCaro p ilers. Proceedingsofthe pacts OfHem . andS.P.Meyer.2005.Charact Comment citer cedocument: Fraxinus profunda Fraxinus americana ental Studies,UniversityofW Fraxinus pennsylvanica erica’s ashre . 2006.Em l

ock W ber 26-27, erald ashboreroutlier oolly Ad (Bush)Bush.Pum source. JournalofForestry104(3):118-124. Fraxinus nigra erica Em nyons ofthesouthern Appalachian Mountains L.W 2005. Pittsburg,Pennsylvania.USDAForest of NorthAm h Am h Am pproach. p.10,In:Mastro,V.,R.Reardonand erald AshBorerResearchandTechnology n, Vol.2,Hardwoods.USDAForestService elgid OnTheStructureAndCom erald lina Hem and F.Telewski.2006.Spreaddispersal eristics anddistributionofpotentialashtree ivate Forestry,NortheasternArea.2p. Marsh.Greenash.p.348-357,In:Burns, h , FHTET-2005-16. ite ash.pp.333-338,In:Burns,R.M.and erican, Vol.2,Hardwoods.USDAForest erican, Vol.2,Hardwoods.USDAForest ert. Em ash borer:invasionoftheurbanforest e st Florida Marsh.Blackash.pp.344-347,In: e l ock (Tsugacaroliniana) appearin nt 213:15-24. erican, Vol.2,Hardwoods.USDA pkin ash.pp.355-357,In:Burns, erica, Vol.2,Hardwoods.USDA erald ashborer.PublicationNo. and quarantinem a p. Multi-state position Of 23 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). populations arem non-indigenous invasivespeciesthat The hem hem prom hem were filledbyAcer,Betula,Fagus,Pinus,Quercus,andUlm insect outbreak(Davis1981,Allisonetal. droughts whichweakenedthehem declined dram (W individualistic andis based ondispersal, (cell) scale,LANDISm (m al. 1998,2000,Heet2002,Xu2004). L (Mladenoff 2004),ithasbeensuccessfullyadapte developed tosim 1999a,b, Heetal.Mladenoffand disturbance acrossbroadspatialandtem LANDIS isaspatially-explicitcom Model Description the southernAppalachians. LANDIS toevaluatetheim disturbance (insects&pathogens)andharves scale ecologicalsim developed topredictforestlandscapechangeove landscape sim forest environm The m inf predators, thiswouldseem severity (OrwigandFoster levels inthenortheasternrangeof HW the AppalachianMountains.Littleisknownabout m were in1951Richm western hem report ofHW com and Carolinahem a ax 30)sim e de itswaynortheastandhassubsequentlyb hittaker 1956).Hem sted andkilled,regardlessof A susceptibilityinthesoutheasternUnitedSt l b l ocks areatriskfrom ock didre-establish,it’srecoverym inent asitwasbeforethedecline(F ination ofhostresistanceandnatural o st pressingconcernwithHW l ock woollyAdelgid,Adelgestsugae(A l ocks wereresistanttotheadelgid. u atically approxim u A inNorthAm lated asthepresenceorabsenceof lation m ent. Them a u l intained atlowdensitiesonhem late disturbanceandsucce ock ( Comment citer cedocument: u lation m odeling approach.LANDISisasim ond, Virginia(G T. caroliniana a theinvasiveexoticinsectpesthem l nages specieslifehist ock populations,whichwe tosuggestthata pact ofherbivory 1998, Orwigetal.2002).W o odel thatincor erica wasinth st feasiblem a siteandstandf

tely 5500years l ocks andleft thisins A ispredic puter m infests andkillsEasternhem ) throughouttheirrange.InitsnativeJapan,HW a ouger 1971,McClure1989,1991).HW y have enem poral 1986, HaasandMcAndrews2000).Canopygaps uller 1998,HaasandMcAndrews2000).Now, odel ect notedonlylatitudinaleffectsoninfestation ll hem eans ofinvestigatingthisissueisthrougha by HW een m ssion onglacialplainsintheupperMidwest porates disturbancebyfire,wind,biological e PacificNorthwestinthe1920s,however, ting theim ting. Herein,wepresentacasestudyusing actors. scales(Heetal.1996,HeandMladenoff shade tolerance,and landtype suitability. ies (McClure1992,1995a,b,2000).Thefirst IntheeasternU.S.,f ory dataat10-yrtim ago duetoclim nnand) (Hom taken upto2,000yearsanditisstillnotas them ates. However,studiesonHW 10-yragecohortsoneachcell.Atthesite designed tosim r tim 1999).W d foruseinm standlevelcharacteristicswhichinfluence l l ocks ( ANDIS israster-based,withtreespecies ock standshavethepotentiallyofbeing oving southwestalongtheeasternsideof A onforeststructureandcom vulnerabletoasubsequentwidespread e. Itisaspatiallyexplicit,landscape- re historicallyabundantinthearea, T. diversifolia pact ofrem ith nonaturalresistanceor l ock woollyadelgid. optera: Adelgidae)(HW u u h lation m s Spp.(Fuller1998).W atic shiftresultinginsum ile LANDISwasoriginally ountainous areas(Shifleyet u late forestsuccessionand l ock ( oving hem e steps.Successionis and odeling environm i Tsuga canadensis rst reportsof T. sieboldii l A inf ock from position in A slowly e A station HW ) bya ), isa m h the ent ile 24 e A A ), r

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). ( Hem in hem Appalachian Mountains.Theresultsfrom Our goalwasinvestigatetheim Results andDiscussion et al.(2004b). functioning ofthesevariables,andtheBDAin Neighborhood ResourceDom to determ based onspeciesandage.Thisvaluehow directly equatedwiththeSiteResourceDom random assigned aSiteVulnerability(SV)probability (BDA) m tolerant species(HeandMladenoff1999b). young/fire-intolerant species,whilefiresofhigher (Yang etal.2004).Mortalityfrom Fire inLANDISisahierarchicalstochastic (insects, disease)(Sturtevantetal.2004a). Disturbances thatcanbem present intheunderstoryorseveralpotential These resultsm understories. CanadianJournal ofForestResearch30:1617-1631. seedling recruitm Beckage, B.,J.S.Clark,B.D.Clinton,a southern Appalachians.ForestScience22:399-403. Barden, L.S.andF.W evidence foram Allison, T.D.,R.E.Moeller,andM.B.Davis. References landscape approachcanbeeasilycorrectedbyincorporatingfinerresolutiongapm high exoticspeciescoveranddiversity(Brown the southernAppalachians,wherewefindm shown toneutralizetreeregenerationincanopyga gaps createdbyhem Biological disturbancesin Aesculus octandra l ocks withBasswood( l num ock andsubsequentreplacem odule. Biologicaldisturbancesareprobabilis ine theim ber todeterm a i y notbeecologicallycorrect d-Holocene forestpathogenoutbreak.Ecology67: 1101-1105. ent insouthernAppalachian ), YellowBirch( Comment citer cedocument: l ock rem pact onagivensite, . W oods. 1976.Effectsof ine ifthatsitehasbeen LANDIS 4.0arem Tilia spp. oval. Rhododendron,a odeled include i nance (NRD),andth

fireisa pacts of ent byhardw Betula alleghaniensis ), SugarMaple( thisstudyareprelim nd B.L.Haines.2000.Along-term HW bottom processes basedonignition,initiation,andspread i nance (SRD)valuewhichrangesfrom Modified SiteResourceDom o , aswewouldanticipaterhododendronalready non-native invasivespeciesfillingm 1986.Polleninlam fire, wind,harvesting,andbiologicalagents odeled usingthe st forests: theeffectsofcanopygapsandshrub A onspeciescom fire onpineandpine-hardwoodforestsinthe andPeet2003).Thediscrepanciesinthe value whichischeckedagainstaunif hem ever canalsobem general, aredescribedindetailSturtevant - oods. Inparticular,weseereplacem ps (Beckageetal.2000).Riparianareasin intensity cankilllargertreesandm infected.Sitevulnerabilitycaneitherbe up processwherebylow-intensityfireskill nd thickshrubcoveringeneral,hasbeen l ocks, havealsobeenshowntocontain e tem tic atthesite(cell) Acer saccharum ) andRedOak( poral scaleofoutbreaks.The inary, butdoshowareduction Biological DisturbanceAgent i nated sedim odified bythreevariables position inthesouthern ), YellowBuckeye level. Eachsiteis i Quercus rubra nance (SRDm studyoftree e nts provides odels. 0-1andis a ny ofthe o re fire- ent of o rm 25 ). ) ,

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Connecticut Agricultural Experim McClure, M.S.1987. Biology andcontrolof landscape scaleforestsuccessioninnortheastern China.EcologicalModelling156:153-166. He, H.S.,Z.Hao,D.R.Larsen,L.Dai, Managem forest harvestingandclim He, H.S.,D.J.Mladenoff,andE. 114:213-233. landscape m He, H.S.,D.J.Mladenoff,andT.R. and itsrepresentationoftreespecies.EcologicalModelling119:1-19. He, H.S.,D.J.Mladenoff,andBoeder. landscape firedisturbanceandsuccession.Ecology80:81-90. He, H.S.,D.J.Mladenoff.1999b.Spatiallye term He, H.S.,D.J.Mladenoff.1999a.Theeffect Departm landscape disturbance,m He, H.S.,D.J.Mladenoff,andBoeder. Agriculture: NewtownSquare,PA;81–88. Report NE-267,NortheasternResearchStati June 22–24,1999,Durham Sym Canadensis) declineineasternNorthAm Haas, J.N.andJ.H.McAndrews.2000.Th Topics 3(1):1-9. Gouger, R.J.1971.ControlofAdelgestsugaeon Ontario, Canada.Ecology79:2337-2351. Fuller, J.L.1998.Ecologicalim Application. Springer-Verlag,NewYork. D.C. W Davis, M.B.1981.Quaternaryhistoryandthe com Brown, R.L.andR.K.Peet.2003.Diversity m posium forestlandscapechange.Ecosystem unities. Ecology,84(1):32-39. e e nt ofForestEcologyandManagem st, H.H.,Shugart,andB.D.Botki e nt 155:257-70. onSustainableManagem odel tostudyforestspeciesresponseclim Comment citer cedocument: a nagem , NewHam ate warm

e e pact ofthe nt andsu nt Station.851. e ing-induced nt ofHem Gustafson. 2002.Studyoflandscapechange under p Crow.1999b.Linkinganecosystem s shire, McManus 2:308-319. 1996. LANDIS,aspatiallyexplicitm er Y.Hu,Chang.2002.Asim 1999a. Anobjectorientedforestlandscapem e ica 5,700to5,100yearsago.InProceedings: ccession-LANDIS 2.0users’guide.Madison: nt, UniversityofW stability offorestcom s ofseeddispersalonthesim e sum m n, eds.,ForestSuccession:Conceptsand on, ForestService,U.S.Departm xplicit andstochasticsim l i ock Ecosystem d-Holocene hem firedisturbance.ForestEcologyand hem invisibility ofsouthernAppalachianplant hem m l ock woollyadelgid.Bulletin ofthe l e ock inPennsylvania.ScientificTree r droughtrelatedhem ate warm K,etal.(eds).GeneralTechnical i s sconsin. inEasternNorthAm ing. EcologicalModelling l ock declineinsouthern m unities, pp.132-153.In u lation offorest- u u lation studyof lation oflong- m odel offorest l ock (Tsuga odel anda e nt of erica, odel 26 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). and electronicsinAgriculture 27:7-24. landscape changeinthe Missouri Ozarksunderalternativem Shifley, S.R.,F.R.Thom 29:1475-1487. New Englandduetotheintroducedhem Orwig, D.A.,Foster,D.R.,Mausel,D.L.2002. 73. Adelgid inSouternNewEngla Orwig, D.A.,Foster,D.R. landscape changesim Mladenoff, D.J.2004.Background,developm 125-162. Cam forest landscapechange:approachesandapplicati m Mladenoff, D.J.andH.S.He.1999.Designa Agriculture, ForestService,NortheasternRe Managem K.S. Shields,andD.R.Souto(eds.), the hem McClure, M.S.;Cheah,C.A.S.-J.;Tigner,T.C. Entom control agentofhem McClure, M.S.1995b.Diapterobateshum Plant Science.47(2):5-7. McClure, M.S.1995a.Usingnaturalenem McClure, M.S.1992.Hem (Hom McClure, M.S.1991.Density-dependentfeedb woolly adelgid(Hom McClure, M.S.1990.Roleofwind,birds,d Am Adelges tsugaeAnnand(Hom McClure, M.S.1989.Evidenceofapolym odel offorestlandscapedisturbanceandsu erica. 82:52-54. optera: Adelgidae)onTsugacanadensis.Environm o logy. 24:1207-1215. l ock woollyadelgidproblem e nt ofHem b ridge: Cam Comment citer cedocument: optera: Adelgid u l ock woollyadelgid(H lation m l ock Ecosystem b l ridge UniversityPress. ock woollyad pson, D.R.La 1998. ForestResponsetotheIntroducedHem odel. EcologicalModelling180(1):7-19. nd, USA.JournaloftheTorreyBotanicalSociety 125(1):60- optera: Adelgidae).

ae). Environm ? Anearlyperspective,pp.89-96.In:K.A.McManus, s inEast elgid. Am ies to l Proceedings: TheSym search StationGeneralTechnicalReportNE-267. ock orphic rsen, andW eralis om 2000.IsPseudoscym ccession. In:Advancesinspatialm eer, andhum ent, ack andpopulationcyclesinAdelgestsugae nd behaviorofLANDIS,anobject-oriented control hem woolly adelgid.JournalofBiogeography optera:Adelgidae) inJapan.Environm ern NorthAm Landscapepatternsofhem ons, eds.D.J.Mladenoff,andW ental Entom life cycleinthehem erican Nurserym Annals oftheEntom and diversificationofLANDIS,aforest Oribatida: Ceratozetidae):Aneffective ental Entom . D.Dijak.2000.Modelingforest ans inthedispersalofhem l a ock woollyadelgid.Frontiersof nagem o logy. 19:36-43. erica. U.S.Departm nus tsugaethesolutionto an. 175(6):82-89. o posium e logy. 20:258-264. nt practices.Com l ock woollyadelgid, o logical Societyof onSustainable l ock declinein l ock W odeling of . L.Baker e puters nt of oolly ental l ock 27 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). tem Yang, J.,H.S.He,andE.J.Gustafson.2004.Ahi Ecological Modelling180(1):57–72. of Xu, C.,H.S.He,Y.Hu,Chang,D.R.La 26:1-80. W Ecological Modelling180(1):153-174. disturbances inLANDIS:am Sturtevant, B.R.,E.J.Gustafson,W in forestlandscapesusingLANDIS: Sturtevant, B.R.,E.J.Gustafson,andH. Report NC-212,St.Paul:USDAForestService, Integrated ToolsforNaturalResourcesInvent inventory inform Shifley, S.R.,F.R.Thom cell-leveluncertaintyonaf h ittaker, R.H.1956.VegetationoftheGr poral patternsoffireregim ation tocalibratealandscap Comment citer cedocument: pson, D.J.Ml e odule descripti s

in LANDIS.EcologicalModelling180:119-133. o rest landscap troduction. EcologicalModelling180(1):1-5. .

S.He.2004.Modelingdisturbanceandsuccession Lei, andH.S.He.2004.Modelingbiological rsen, X.Li,andR.Bu.2004.Assessingtheeffect adenoff, andE.J.Gustafson.1998.Utilizing eat Sm on anddem

ories inthe21stCentury.GeneralTechnical e m North CentralForestexperim e sim erarchical firefrequencym odel sim oky Mountains.EcologicalMonographs u lation m onstration usingsprucebudworm u lation inNortheasternChina. odel. In:Proceedingsof e odel tosim nt Station. u late 28 .

Forest Servicearesupporting sirexdetectionsurveysinalltheeasternstates. Alsotheexotic well asinQuebec,New Brunswick,andNova from delim Oswego at1trapper25squarem with anherbicide).InNewYork,trapswill (funnel andintercept-panel)baitedwithalpha- a allocating trappingresourcesacrosstheUnitedSt (www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/invasives_ c detect anyotherestablishedpopulationsinNo Surveys areneededin2006todelim Hem Am More researchisneededtodeterm pine plantations,especiallyinunthinnedandove During outbreaksintheSouthernHem tree, whichtogetherkillthetree.Thedevel During oviposition,shealsoinjectsafungus( em woodwasp islikelytohaveonegenerationper Monterey, loblolly,slash,jack,red,ponderosa, Pines arethem Canada, spanning260m sirex woodwaspina40-m population wasdiscoveredduring2005inupstate New Zealand,Australia,Uruguay,Argentina,Braz Sirex woodwaspisnativetoEurope,Asia,andnorth inform m ( In thisworkshop,thepanelgaveapresentati Sirex noctilio r Louise Dum a e ergence isexpectedduringJulythroughSept nagem a erican pineecosystem t i thesixknownlocations.Detectionsurveysw e sphere. iting surveyisbeingplannedforsouthern d ation presentedandidentificationofcriticalissues.

e nt options.Thesecondhalfof Moderators: DonDuerrandDennisHaugen,USDAForestService,FHP Dennis Haugen,DonDuerr,KevinDodds,USDAForestService-FHP, ouchel, CanadianFoodInspecti F.),asum a in hostsforsirexwoodwas Comment citer cedocument: Sirex noctilio iles. Nathan Schiff,USDAForestService,SRS m com ile bandaroundOswe a ry itsbiologyandecology,surveysplannedfor2006,

p iles (ca.1800 ine howsi inNorthAmerica–ANew ared tothe it thesirexpopulation(s)aroundLakeOntario and to i sphere, up the workshopwasm rex woodwaspwillinteractinthecom be placedinthebandfrom on Agency,BrianKopper,USDAAPHISPPQ, b on theworlddistributionofsirexwoodwasp oping larvaefeedonlyonthatspecificfungus. y

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traps) todelim rth Am Scotia. IntheUnitedStates, APHISandUS year overm Ontariowithabout300trapsradiatingout nd beta-pineneandtraptrees(treesinjected exotic pineplantationsoftheSouthern em ates. Currentsurveym lodgepole, andeasternwhitepine.Sirex rstocked plantationsover12yearsofage. sirexnoctilio_riskm to 80%treem il, Chile,andSouthAfrica.Anestablished ill bedoneinotherlocationsOntarioas New York.Subsequenttrappingdetected go, NYandatsixlocationsinOntario, ber. Afem ern Africa.Itisanestablishedexoticin erica. Asusceptibilityriskm o st oftheUnitedStates.Adult it thepopulation.InCanada,a Arrival o a oderated discussiononthe rtality hasbeenrecordedin le canlay25to400eggs. aps.shtm 50to150m ) andm e thods includetraps erican species: l) asatoolfor u cus intothe p lex North iles from F a H p was T E 29 T

e itigate theartif nt program erica. eed toregulatecountieswithpositivetrapsand residual pineswillreducethepotentialf m lishes innewareas.Introductionofparasitoids

. Thisnem cation ofthewoodwasplarvae,fungi,and includingm

ration andcom es andCanadawillscreenanysiricidscaught zes thefem ude regulatory,silviculture,andbiological in theSouthernHem a ential pestm ss-reared inthelaboratory,andinoculated icial spreadofsirexwoodwasp.Alist a tode feedsonlyon onitoring, silvicultureguidelines, a le sirexwoodwaspduringits itigations. Silvicultureoptions m unication toensureaunified i sphere, especiallywith i sphere arenativeto A. areolatum o r an 30 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). plants areallowedinto this countryunlessari im The USregulationsestablished byAPHISforpl regarding “CleanStock”certificationprogram offshore portm pest riskassessm APHIS, PPQ(theleadregulatoryagency), pathways. RegulatoryissuesfortheForestSe Regulations areaim included interceptedScolytidae(Coleoptera)atother UnitedStatesportsofentry. gypsy m shipping process.Anexam Transportation relatedpathwaysalsoinclude with newm m Transportation pathwayissuesareexacerbate the USinthism packing m in Massachusetts.Morerecentexoticpest infected logs.Europeangypsym and balsam pine blisterrust,Port-OrfordCedarrootdis exotic pestintroductionsinthepast100-years of som continue toexpandontonewhostsorinto the otherhand,long-establishedpests(e.g.gypsym introduction toanewareaisnoticedbecauseit The biologicalim including biologicalim This paperdiscussesrelevantissuesrelatedto USDAForestService,HealthProtection Robert Mangold,Director Potential PathwaysForInvasiveForestPests a ports oflivingplants7CFR 319.37.Currentre rkets foragricultural,forest,andhorticultu e ofthem o th intotheportofW a terial (SW woollyadelgid).TheDutchel odes oftransportationalsocontri Moderator: DavidL.Kulhavy,StephenF.AustinStateUniversity a ents, helpingtodevelopwood o nner. onitoring andinspections,alongwithproviding technicalassessm pact ofintroductionsexotic st notableandcostlyintroducti Comment citer cedocument: e P d atclosingidentified pacts andregulatoryissues. M). Asianlonghornedbee ple ofapestintr

ilm o Pathw th wasaccident ington, NC ays ofInvasiveness ease, suddenoakdeath,hem m troductions haveoccurredininfestedsolidwood oduction viam foreign governm ral products.Newpackagingtechniques,along rvice includecoordinatingandcooperatingwith s ofinspectedplantm the introductionofinvasiveforestpestspecies, diseasefunguswasintroducedtotheUSon m were viaplantingstock(chestnutblight,white ecosystem bute tothepotentialfortheseintroductions. sk assessm d bytheexponentialgrowthofworld-wide

packing m invasive biologicalandtransportationpest ant m is causingextensive,econom ilitary transportation,anditem in 1993.W organism ons ofexoticforestpestsarediverse.Many tle andem strictions includea“black list”system ally releasedfrom o a th andwhitepineblisterrust)canalso terials forplantingareregulated under s. Them a ent restrictsorrequires m s canbelong-lasting.Initiallyan terial regulations,andinitiationof ilitary transportationistheAsian erald ashborerwerebroughtinto ood packingm e nts andscientists,conducting echanism a anentom terials. l ock woollyadelgid, s ofintroductions a ic dam o terial hasalso logist’s hom s usedinthe itigation. a ge. On —all ents 31 e

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illion pineshavebeenkilled.Priorityf ployed since2002withover40,000funneltrapsde Monochamus alternatus PM, exceptdunnage,isheattreated(56 i b a a gated. AfterJuly5,2006,heattreatm bers andpotentialdistributioninChina. er lossequals17m ge tococonutproduction.Thisbeetlehasthepotential forspreadandcontrolm tode lifecycleistiedtodispersalbyitsvector, onitoring technology;andcontainingthe Currently therearesom The loblollypinem The pinewoodnem Brontispa longissima Dendroctonus valens y ofScience.Theem y ofScienceprojectsincluderapiddetec (North Am arebeinginvestigated.Currentworkincludes a ge pinesincludingthepropagativenem spreadarehighprioritiesf erican PlantProtectionOrganization) Comment citer cedocument: a ge ism ber oneinvasivespecies illion cubicm o st ha ealybug projectisco a ; m erica, tode, term o , reachedoutbreaklevelsinsouthernChinacausing extensive , isrankednum r SW erald ashborer, o echanism lf ofthetotaleconom st severeinexoticslashandloblollypines. e

20m D. valens PM ( o ealybug re than ed pinecancer e a ters ove s Solid jor forestinvasivespeciescausingabout56RMB ofpinewoodnem e o arrivedinChinathe1980sandcurrentlyover6 nt isrequiredondunnage. r research andm ber 2im Agrilus planipennis 80,000 hectaresofexoticslashpineinJianxi Wood PackingMaterial) was introducedfrom

rvice andtheInstituteofZoology,Chinese nd fielddetectionandcontrol.Thepinewood ated inChina.Am r 1.3m llaboration betweentheChinaandUSDA tion technology;developm o inChina.Thepinewoodnem o /30-m spread byeffectivem ey com r research. ndards forheattreatm y ofSciences ic lossescau countries.AfterFebruary1,2006,all , isaquarantinepestinm ployed. Geneticvariationandoriginof illion haannually.Theredturpentine i portant pestandinvasivespeciesin nutes atcore)orm D. valens a p todes andthedispersalnem a leted inChina.Thecoconutleaf Monochamus tode aggregationto a nagem Hylobitelus xiaoi sed byforestpestsinChina. , im , associatedfungi,andhost a Georgia,USA,in1987. ss trappingprogram e ported intoMichiganin nt includesm

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Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). sieboldii lineages associatedwitheachofthetwoJapanese hem should probablybeconsideredaseparatespeci m several distinctevolutionarylineagesofad and westernNorthAm pairs ofm of theintroductiontoeasternNorthAm relationships andam and deathofeasternCarolinahem introduced intoeasternNorthAm woolly adelgid, Recent studiesusingm control efforts. knowledge canthenbeappliedtocontrolpr Molecular m Departm Nathan P.Havill Molecular MethodsToRevealTheIntroductionHistoryOfExoticSpecies specialists andlandm hyperspectral rem im and hum detection isbiologicallyandlogisticallydi Early detectioniscrucialtom appear- atthesam Many jurisdictionsarefacedwithrecognizingne Dennis Souto Session Overview North Am eastern NorthAm a plem inland ChinaandTaiwanarequitediverged ent. Thisworkshopwillcoverpowerfulnewtechnologies-DNAanalysis, Carrièreatlowerelevations insouthern an resourceseffectivelytom e nt ofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,YaleUniversity itochondrial DNAweresequencedforhe erica appeartobeaseparate lineagethatisendem e thods areapowerfulwaytolearn Adelges tsugae o erica wereclearlyintrodu e te sensing,andGISdecision tim Comment citer cedocument: ong hem a Moderator BernieRaim nagers tohelpm o erica, China,andJapan. lecular m e they l ock adelgidsworldw are facedwithdecreasingresourcestoaccom a

Annand, anditshostplantinteractions. intaining a e erica som Managing ExoticInsects thods haveprovi a nage newfo eet theseim eri l ocks. Mo e fficult toaccom ca (Havilletal.2006).Approxim tim elgids onhem full rangeofm ced from o, USDAForestService

ogram Honshu,Japan.Hem e priorto1951andiscausingseriousdecline Phylogenetic analysesindicatethatthereare from es. InJapan,thereappearstobeseparate wly arrivedexoticinsectsassoonthey rest insectscanalsobedifficulttoplanand bout thehistoryofanexoticspecies.This ide andtodeterm m portant problem lecular m ded insightintothehistoryofhem l support- thatcanassistforesthealth s inwaysthatenhanceandaccelerate thoseinJapanandNorthAm ock adelgidsam l thepopulationthatislivingon ock ( p i c tothatarea. l lish. Allocatingscarcefinancial e ock worldwide.Adelgidsfrom Tsuga a thods wereusedtoclarifythe nagem s. ) species.Theadelgidsin ine thegeographicorigin l e p ock adelgidsinwestern nt options.Yetearly les collectedineastern Adelges tsugae a p tely 1500base lish thistask. erica and was l ock 34 T.

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). chloroplast DNAsequencedata.Inpreparation. Phylogeny andbiogeographyof i.e. adelgidspeciesassociatedwith phylogenetic treeinwhichadelgidspeciesgroup other adelgidspecies(Havilletal.inpress).Thisstudyresultedawell-resolved m A m species associatedwith Finally, am switches am specialization oneachsecondaryhostgenusoccu other easternNorthAm within whichtheeasternNorthAm (Rafinesque) Sargentand support foracladethatincludesthe approxim evolutionary andbiogeographichistory(Hav the interactionwiththeirhostplants. and preventtheirintroduction,toelucidate introduction, tofacilitatequarantineeffortsby efforts tocontrolexoticspecies.Theycanbe These resultsindicatethatm hem separate species.Theseresultscanbeusedto sieboldii m The Taiwanese Havill, N.P.,Donoghue,M.J.,Cam Evolution. Inpress. (Insecta: Hem Havill, N.P.,Foottit,R.G.,vonDohlen,C.D.Evol Entom pinpoints thesourceofintroductionto from Havill, N.P.,Montgom References itochondrial andnuclearDNAdatahasrevealed a inland China,and l hem o ock woollyadelgid. lecular phylogenyofthefam o logical SocietyofAm , suggestingthatthesedistinctisland a tely 1700basepairsofITSand3500ba l ock woollyadelgid(Hem ong secondaryhostgenera. o i lecular phylogenyofhem ptera) inferredfrom T. chinensis Comment citer cedocument: T. sieboldii ery, M.E.,Yu,G.,Sh erican species, T. mertensiana Larix, Abies,Pseudotsuga (Franchet)Pritzel o erica 99:195-203. lecular m

Tsuga from Tsuga m erican species, ily Adelgid two westernNorthAm T. canadensis o pbell, C.S.,Vining, iptera: (Pinaceae)inferredfrom e lecu UllungIslanddidnotgroupwiththeJapanese thods can form (Bongard)Carrière l iyake, S.,Caccone,A.,2006.MitochondrialDNA ock ( lar phylogenetics.MolecularPhylogeneticsand helping toidentifyothernon-nativegenotypes agroupwithsinglecom Adelgidae) suggestscrypticspeciationand in inform usedtopinpointthegeographicoriginof ae usingapproxim the evolutionaryhistoryinsectlineagesand rred onlyonceandtherewerenosubsequent populations shouldprobablybetreatedas Dielsdidnotgroupwith ution ofhostspecializationintheAdelgidae ill etal.inpreparation).Analysisof Tsuga se pairsofchloroplastDNAprovidestrong eastern NorthAm beusedtoprovideinform T. caroliniana associationwithsecondaryhostgenera– therelationshipofhem (L.)Carrière effortstobreedhem ) wasperf , and

T.F., LePage,B.,Bayer,R.J. erican species, , andacladeofAsianspecies Pinus. nuclearribosom , Engelm issistertotheAsianclade. a orm tely 2400basepairsof erica. Annalsofthe Thissuggeststhat e d todeterm m ann T. chinensis on ancestorasdo l ocks resistantto l ock adelgidsto , T. heterophylla ation toinform is nested.The al ITSand ine its from 35 T.

l onitoring a ock, beechandsugarm e nts hasgr s canbe m 10) attheplot(AVIRI e inim nd controllinginvasiveinsectoutbreaks,m The developm

plem odeling. Suchtechnologieswillenableland nds willhelptargetf ’ ef eatly increasedcapabilitiestothisend.Our s ility oftheseinstrum in foresthealthacrossthelandscapesothat ontent andfunctionthataretypicalofearly each levelsfirstnoticeableinthefield)is generatefoliarchem AISA Eagleinstrum f entation ofhyperspectraltechnologiesis ectively im ent andaccuracyassessm age acquisition,pre-processing,ground a ent andincreasedavailabilityof ple basalarea,m plem S) andtreelevel(AISA ented. However,itis e istry m i nts topredictdecline eld surveysf e nts hasshownhigh a ent. ps thatm a pping foliar o r new a y be o 36 re

digital im Finally, KeithDoucewillpresentanoverview surveys intheCaribbean/CentralAm Bolaños willpresentexam approach, calledDAISIE,“DeliveringAlienSpeci Sun willdescribethecurrentsituationinChin Rob MangoldwilldescribethechallengesandapproachesthatUSistaking,Jianghua f This workshopwillprovideaglobalperspectiveof Keith Douce, John Rawlins,CarnegieMuseum R. Cam Jianghua Sun, Alain Roques,INRA/OrléansandE.U.,Europeanstrategy Speakers andtopic:RobMangold,USDAFore r om Asia,Europe,andtheAm Moderators: NancyGillette,USDAForestService,PSW pos Bolaños,UniversidadAutónom Firew age networkcanintegratem alls intheForest:InternationalStrategiesforCombatingInvasives University ofGeorgia,Bugwood:Globalresource Chinese Academ Comment citer cedocument: ples ofworkin Universidad Autonom ericas willpresentregionalstrategiesf y Sciences,Chinesestrategy

Caribbean/CentralAm erica toestab a nagem a Chapingo,Mexicanstrategy Mexico, andJohnRawlinswilldescribefaunal e nt ofinvasivespecies.

st Service,FHP,USstrategy of theBugwood,anexam a. AlainRoqueswilltalkabouttheE.U.’s lish baselinedatafordetectionofinvasives. es InventoriesinEurope.RodolfoCam strategiesforinvasives.Representatives a Chapingo erica strategy

andDavidCibriánTovar,

o r com ple ofhowaglobal

b ating invasives.

pos 37

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). sensitive, yetinexpensivetoolfordetectinglow density populations.InfestationDynam spread canlargelybeattributedtotheav The successoftheseeffortstoeradicateisol populations canbedelim established overlargeareas,theyarem density populationsgoextinctwithoutanyinte populations arestronglyinfluencedbyAlleeeff beyond theexpandingpopulationfront.W range inNorthAm approxim Im captured inm front; coloniesgraduallyenlargeandeventu through "stratifieddispersal"inwhichisolated considerably aboutthepopulationbiologyofgyps m low-level populations,andhundredsofthousands forest. Trapsbaitedwithsyntheticgypsym that causenoticeabledam lag betweenthetim as otherisolatedpopulationsinNorthAm gradually expandingitsrangeinNorthAm from a uniquesystem Given theim using thegypsym arrival, establishm The processofbiologicalinvasionisrecognized USDA ForestService,NortheasternResearchStation Andrew M.LiebholdandPatrickC.Tobin Population ProcessesThatDriveTheGypsyMoth' o plem th expandingpopulationfrontoverthelast25y EuropetoMedford,Massachusetts entation of a Quantitative ApproachestoUnderstandingInsectInvasionsinForests tely 50%.Thegypsym m odels todevelopoptim e nse am forunderstandinginvasions.Thegypsym o Moderator: PatrickC.Tobin,USDAForestService,NRS ent andspread.W thisstrategytodateindi erica butpopulationsareof th, e ofinitialcolonizationa Comment citer cedocument: Lymantria dispar ount ofdataandresearchthathasfocusedonthisinvader,itrepresents ited usingpherom a ge. Inestablished

o e th' illust al strategies s (L.)(Lepidoptera:Lym rangestillhasnotreachedover2/3ofitspotential o e erica erica. Analysisofthisinitialintroductionaswell rate thepopulationbiologybehindtheseprocesses re lik one trap knowthat in 1868or1869,andhassubsequentlybeen ailability of nd thetim o areas, outbreakshavedam cates thatrangeexpansioncanbereducedby th ated gypsym

coloniesarefoundedaheadoftheadvancing rvention. However,whenpopulationsbecom ten accidentallyintroducedtonewareaswell ally coalesce.Thisphenom pherom indicates thatthereistypicallya10-15year ely topersist.Followingdetection,these ects andtheresultisthatm s of trapshavebeenplacedalongthegypsy forretardingthespreadofthisspecies. InvasionOfNorthAm to becom y m s andthentreatedtoachieveeradication. ears. From atlowdensities,thesenewlycolonized e atwhichpopulationsreachdensities o pherom one arepowerfultoolsfordetecting th rangeexpansion.Spreadoccurs o o th populationsandtoslowit' posed ofthreedistinctphases: th wasaccidentallytransported a thesedatawehavelearned ntriidae), asam one trapswhichprovidea a ged m erica enon hasbeen illions ofha o st verylow- odel system i cs Of 38 e s .

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). infested (potentialsource) treewerealsoin infestation recordsfrom dispersal distancesofovipositing beetlesaretypica one orm approxim For exam distances, hostpreferences,stage-specificm of lifestages(obtainedbydissectinginfestedm holes oninfestedtrees,thedateofinjury( locations oftrees(obtainedby collected bym rem (Federal andState)ALBEradicationProgram The datausedinthesestudieshavecom broad term trees incloseproxim to urbanizedareas.ThesevariedhabitatsareallcharacterizedbythepresenceofALBhost utility rights-of-way,andparks,golfcourses, neighborhoods, com from focus ofthecasestudiesreportedherehasbeenonlocalandm anywhere from tim dead (orrem m Infestation dynam evaluation. protocols forsurvey,controlandregulator knowledge toprovidecooperativeALBeradi infestations inurban,suburbanandforestedareasofNorthAm qualitative andquantitativeunderstandingofthe independent introductions.Theobjectiveofth City infestation(probablyanoffshootof and UnionCounty,NJ(d:2006).Evidencesuggest Area (d:1998),JerseyCity,NJ2002),Tor becam species enteredtheUSandCanadaaslarvae Ceram The AsianLonghornedBeetle(ALB), 1398, OtisANGB,MA02542. Alan J.Sawyer.USDA-APHIS- The AsianLonghornedBeetleInUrbanForestLandscape echanism e—in sum oval records—orwerecollectedincoope afewm e establishedinNewYorkCityandL bycidae), isanintroducedpestofdeciduous o a ple, basedonrecordsof1000infested re exitholes,and99%within400m tely 95%oftreesbearingonlyeggsite “urbanforestlandscape.” s , distancesandratesofspread,thechangingnum oved) hosts,andtheresultingpatterns e , the“behavior”of y ters totwoorthreekm within-treetolarge-scaledynam researchteam i cs, asascience,isconcerned Comment citer cedocument: m ity tocentersof e rcial andlightindustrialzones,urbancenters,highway,railroad Chicagoshowedthat haveincludedhos GPS), countsorestim

PPQ, PestSurveyDetection inf hum e . The Anoplophora glabripennis stations. Thespatialscaleof e eith obtained bygrowth-ringanalysis)andthesurvival an habitationandcom fested, whileonly9%of the NewYorkpopulation)theseallrepresent o er directlyfrom ong Island(discovered[d]:1996),theChicago onto (d:2003),MiddlesexCounty,NJ2004) 16% of6600m m environm y effortsandtoaid , rta s— cation program

ration withtheseprogram suggesting thatwhenhosttreesareabundant, with theoriginsofinfestations,pathways, a a boring insolidwoodpackingm i lity ratesandofpopulationincrease. terial). Derivedestim rshland, wastelandandwoodlandsadjacent t identif s werelocatedwithin200m cs (ontheorderof40km e researchreportedhereistodevelopa in theform of hostdam lly short.Analysisofhost inventoriesand trees. OriginatinginChina,thisinvasive streetandbackyardtreesinChicago, spatial andtem ates ofthenum s that,withtheexceptionofJersey ents studiedhaveincludedresidential ication tothespecieslevel,precise and ExclusionLaboratory,Bldg. a theIL,NYandNJCooperative bers ofsusceptible,infestedand ofsurvey,treatm ples located a s withim e ge astheyevolveinspaceand dium (Motschulsky)(Coleoptera: m e poral dynam bers ofeggsitesandexit -scale dynam rcial activity;hencethe erica, andtousethis program 2500elm interestm ates includedispersal proved m within200m s. Detaileddata orm planningand ofatreewith e s nt andhost- i and2%of i cs ofALB e cs, ranging i a o thods and ght range terial. It re). The ofan 39

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). developm detection m also beenm been m survey, hostrem spread toam infestations havegenerallybeendiscovered bearing 50-100exitholesm infestation m of opportunitytocontaininfestationsfo A consequenceofthesespatiotem 2). m natal siterem setting outintoaheterogeneousenvironm 2). Thisbehaviorm there isapparentlyanincreasedrateofem health, alackofovipositionsites,crowdedlarvaeornegativeinteractionsbetweenadults) sites arereadilyavailable.W in orstayclosetothetreewhichthey Based onthisconsistentpatternwehypothesize recent exitholesoreggsitesdatingfrom several yearsold,whilem trees nearthepointoforigindisplayedlarge greatly inareaandnum num of thistim apparently startedatapointsourceandwentunde were m land use,econom (Table 1).Thehabitatsatthesesitesdiffere Four well-definedinfestationsofm distinct genetically.Larvaefrom suggest thattheALBpopulationsinIL,NY/Jers com DNA ofALBlarvaecollectedfrom apparently duetoovercrowdingandneardeathofthetree.Genesequencesonm em holes onasm to adultem sites on145hosttreesof15speciesyieldedan 2900 asheswereattacked,indicatingrelative odels, withcontinuousdispersal)areinappr erging adultALBroughlydoubledeachyearun p ber oftrees.Finally,injustoneortwoy ared byMaureenCarter(Dept.ofEnto u a ch greaterthantheym ny sim ent. e theALBpopulationrem ergence, withdifferencesbetween u e ch greater.Thekeylessonisth a thods—are vitallyim a y beconfinedtojustafewtrees u in good.Standardm all redm ch largerareaandnum ilarities inthedynam oval, chem ic valueandopportunitiesforpestm Comment citer cedocument: a y m ber oftreesaffected. a ple inNJshowed i a ical treatm nim ny m a y bepresent,and h i en atreebeco i ze therisksa

ght havebee theUnionC o poral dynam re trees,wide oderate to portant a odels ofpopul a ined highlylocalized,increasingnum i e cs oftheseinfestations.Ineachcasetheinfestation allofthe nt, regula ber oftr thepreviousyear(Table1). ig developed, solongasm llowing introduction.Throughoutthistim ent ration anddispersalovergreaterdistances(Table at earlydetection—and,itfollows,m d intheirphysicalandbiologicalcharacteristics, num host preferences.Dissectionofover15,000egg n. Theenvironm o., NJinfestationhavenotyetbeenanalyzed. nd shouldbeam largesizehavebeenstudiedbythesem opriate forthese“punctuated”dynam “just toolate,”aftertheALBpopulationhas m ears beforediscoverytheinfestationincreased m hostspecies.Thedatesassignedto215exit ssociated withleavingaprovenresourceand withinaradiusof200-300m i Thus, atthetim cs while chancesofreproductivesuccessatthe that, followingcolonization,thenum overall estim e o that newlyem ees. Asaresult,thedifficultyandcostof ly scatteredfrom tion, finaleradicationandreforestationhave ey City,TorontoandMiddlesexCo.,NJare should bereadilyapparent.Unfortunately, s overexploited(resultingindecliningtree bers ofexitholes,includingsom logy, CornellUniv.,Ithaca,NY).Results tected forfivetosevenyears.Duringm is thattherem ation spread(oftenvariationsofdiffusion North Am til em a nagem ergence declinedinthefifthyear, ate of28%forsurvivalfrom erican infestationshavebeen erged fem e ental andsocialim e ofdiscovery,relativelyfew nt practices.However,there a y beaseveral-yearwindow a thefocalpoint,boreonly jor goalofresearchand a tes, foodandoviposition a les typicallyrem erically onasm . Evenso,atree o itochondrial e re efficient pacts have i thatwere cs (Table ber of e e the thods egg a o all 40 in st Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). 115 exitholes No. treeswith 55 exitholes No. treeswith 25 exitholes No. treeswith 10 exitholes No. treeswith inf No. trees Likely source Discovery date Landscape Table 1.Characteristicsoffourwe Joe Schaferforcooperationandsupport. Markham I thankW Acknowledgm e sted , illiam MichaelStefan,JoeGittlem c b a d ents ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ PanagakosandSuzanneKreuzf

Jersey City,NJ Comment citer cedocument: Urban center/ com landscaped Oct. 2002 Vehicular transport 1 0 m 1 2 5 1 - 1

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and 41 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). appearance ofhealedexitholes; a Total: 2562 4 2 1 5 2 1 1 0 e a,b,c,d with m DBH oftree m Species with of introduction Estim holes /tree Max. no.exit point oforigintheinfestation,atreewith800exitholes. exit holes,firstattackedin1999).Meanandm each yearafterthefirstem num 102 infestedm Table 2.Estim

Thesetreeshadovipositionsitesonly basedongrowthringanalysis; a 7 3 1 5 5 0 - No. ExitHoles Spatial scale a 9 5 5 5 - - - x. exitholes 1 5 2 - - - estim ber ofexitholespresentandassum 9 4 2 1 4 4 ated year 5 7 3 4 a 4 4 4 x. exits

ated tohavebeeninfestedm h a ated yearofinfestationandratespreadanALBpopulationam ple treesinMiddlesexCo.,NJ.Datesareapproxim Norway m Comment citer cedocument: 1997 Total: 102 No. Trees 0.24 km 25 cm e 1 –1998 ergence (basedongrowthringanalysisofonetreewith215 2 1 5 1 4 3 1 1 3 2 4

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. f 42 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). m m calculates theBayesianlikelihood building whichcanleadto Ants ( The RelationshipBetweenForestLandscapeFeat m spruce wasplantedonly bythem it wastrappedm In spiteofitsaggressiveness, a dyinghost.Itisveryaggressivespecies,considered asthem killer whichm The EuropeanSpruceBeetle, and SpatialEcologylab,UniversitéLibredeBruxelles, Belgium Jean-Claude Grégoire,FrédéricPiel,AnneFra typographus Mass-Foraging ForUnpredictableResources:A areas andinsoilswithlowersiltcontent. forest coverinthesurroundingforest.Theyalso fire antswaspositivelyrelatedtocanopyope determ landscape features.Thisdatawasthenanal characterized withrespecttotheirlocal forest, anum of aforestlandscapelim degree towhichitisisolatedfrom influenced bythatlocation’ssuitability,thech colonies. Thechancesofim habitat, wheresm found intheform W Mississippi StateUniversity Plant Pathology Menzel, Tim u odels, andthengivestheprobability(posterioreffectprobability)ofeachvariablebeing odel thatexplainspresence/absence.Inst ithin af ltiple possiblem Solenopsis ine whichfactorswerethebestpred o rested landscape,habitatf o thy O.,T.EvanNebekerandMi a ber oflocationswithandwithoutim ss-attacks livingspruces,inoculat a Spp.) InMississippiForests:AnAppli ny tim all scaledisturbancescreat ofperm Comment citer cedocument: odels whichallowedustoavoidm it thechancesofim es intheUnitedKingdom

anent habitat,such overlooking im

ported fireantsestablishinginoneoftheseislandsshouldbe Ips typographus Ips typographus

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r im every possiblem portant relationships. vegetation, soilcharacteristics,andsurrounding porte ead of ported f e tem neversucceededtoestablishoverseas,although ictors of asroadsidesandpowerlines,ephem (Coleoptera,Scolytinae),isagregarioustree aracteristics ofthesurroundingforest,and chael Caprio,Departm nklin andMariusGilbert,BiologicalControl nness andnegativelyassociatedwithm yzed usingBayesianModelAveragingto suitablehabitat.Todeterm Possible ExplanationForAlleeEffectsIn d fireantsoccurringatanylocationwithina es them tendedtooccurcloserm ures AndTheOccurrenceOfIm century, suggestthateven oncontinental , theUSandCanada.Belgian data,where porary opportunitiesforthem buildingapredictivem i re ants( im cation OfBayesianModelAveraging. ported fireantsintheforestwere withpathogenicfungiandbreedsin a odel, createsasubsetofthebest ported f king a Solenopsis a

Theoccurrenceofim jor forestpestinEurope.

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odel e in a xed Ips ral 43 e s Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). killing barkbeetleslike upon unpredictibleresources.Thepossibleneedfor pioneer beetles.Thiscouldconstituteanexcellentforagingm which canrapidlyrespondtopherom A patternthusstartstoappear,wheretheins infestation spotarethereforelikelytohavebeenm insects, com experim disperse quitewidelyafterem failure asaninvadercouldbeconnectedto Data from species withquiteanotherstrategy,thesolitary,sib-m Europe thespreadof infestation spot. to suchanextentthattheyareunabler thousand insectm lim capacity toinvadenewareasacrossgeographic ited quantitiesoverthesebarriers(inviewof e nts showthatthem theliteratureandfrom i ng from i ght beaverylim Comment citer cedocument: outsidetherelease-recapture Ips typographus Ips typographus a jority of ergence, andth

ourownresearchsuggestthat ited quantity isveryslow,ascom ones andconcentrateonanyresourcediscoveredby the econcentrate innum couldalsohaveotherim catches nearthereleasepointsareunm ects disperseandform itsforagingstrategy.Thebeetlesappearto

e revisitedresultsofpastrelease-recapture ), theydisperseandthinoutuponem the species' area.Newkilledtreesinthevicinityofan o barriers. Astheyaretransportedonlyin stly attackedbyexogenousbeetles. such avast"reservoir"inaggressive,tree- a ting Dendroctonus micans dispersalcapacities,evenseveral p bers largeenoughtostartanew ared forinstancewithanother e thod forinsectsdependent Ips typographus plications regardingtheir vastaerial"reservoirs", . ' apparent ergence arked 44 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Comment citer cedocument: MANAGEMENT ANDSILVICULTURE

45 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). what silviculturecanandcannotdointhecontext ofcontrolforestinsects. and otherASAsbeingconductedintheregion, through existingextensionchannelsaswell science deliveryandtechnologytransfercapability forforestlandownersintheregion, SPB m proofed viam tim m First, m Healthy ForestRestorationActof under theAppliedSilvicultural can beansweredthroughasilviculturalanal rapidly-increasing hazardtrajectoriesforSPB. of com m wholesale changesinm m optim stand inwaysdifferentfrom partition standgrowtham conditions m regenerated standsofcom ecologically-based silviculturalpracticesth landscapes ofsouthernpinesrelativetoSPB. severity. Twodevelopm the Southernregion,butwecannotanticipatewhen Outbreaks ofthesouthernpinebeetle( Jam Arkansas, and Stephen, Departm Robert N.Coulson Southern PineBeetle Applied SilviculturalAssessm Different PerspectivesonSilviculture:Larg a odeled growthofstandswithbroaderstructural easure ofhazardreductiontoSPB.However, nagem e, coupledwithreconstructionofstandst e s M.Guldin,SouthernResearchStation,USDAForestService ized inthesawtim m odels spatiallyexplicit.Thirdly,thesepl odels usedtopredictSPBhazardandriskwillbeproofedagainstobserved e e rcial foreststandsandreplacem nt andthatviewstandingtim Moderators: Jim a odeling. Secondly,m intained usingprescribedfireor e nt ofEntom , Comment citer cedocument: Departm ber com Under theHealthyForestRestorationAct ents inthepastdecadehavedram a ong sawtim p keup ofindustryla lex verticalstruct GuldinandKurtGottschalk,USDAForestService e plantations,es nt ofEntom ponent. W

Assessm o ents Under 2003.Threeelem logy, Arkansas odel refinem ber, pulpw Dendroctonus frontalis ber inan ent (ASA)authorityinTitleIV,Section404ofthe ent with e hypot ure forlargetrees,coupledwithopenunderstory at em o logy, Texa throughweb-basedtechnologies.Throughthis

ysis includingfieldtreatm nds thatdivorcelandownershipfrom firesurrogatetreatm scientists shouldgetabetterunderstandingof ructure afterfutureSPBoutbreaksthatare pecially suchthatindividualtreevigoris e ScaleAppliedSilviculturalAssessments The questionsraisedbythesedevelopm ood, andregenerationsizeclasseswithinthe The HealthyForestRestorationAct— e diversitytodevelophazardtrajectoriesover atf investm nt Thefirstisareversiontoneoclassical, hesize thatthisstrategywillprovidealarge intensively-m thisisbalancedwithasecondtrend— DivisionofAgriculture,University phasize m o isunderwaytom orwheretheywilloccurpredicttheir rm ents areofspecialinterestinthisASA. s willbem s A&MUniversity,FrederickM. e nt context,resultinginliquidation atic im a ) (SPB)tendtobecyclicwithin nagem a naged plantationsthathave odif plications forstandsand e e a nt ofopen,naturally- nts. Theseapproaches ke existingstand-level i ed soastoprovidea e nts andm odeling m ents 46 ill Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). DC Jam Act Of2003 Applied SilviculturalAssessm disease conditions. m find fundingforlargescalesilviculturalassessm Critical issuesforthisareaare:1)Needtofi their responsetotreatm to survivegypsym old standstoincreasecrownvigorofoaktrees Monongahela NationalForest,asetofcroptree having between10and30standswithpairedth to m provide researchanddem Another silviculturalassessm gypsy m spring 2007.Evaluationswilloccuratperiodicintervalsandm to 48acres.Theprojectisbeinginstalledduring2005-2007withcuttinginfall2006and site types,dry-m tim through thinningandusesprescribedfiretom both standdensityandcom regeneration potential(hereafterreferredtoas specialized shelterwoodsthatretainam The fivesilviculturaltreatm well aswhetherthetreatm will affectvulnerabilitytogypsym habitats. Ourgoalistoassesshowthevarious of Resource Managem com withstand andrecoverfrom effectiveness ofvarioussilviculturaltreatm The DanielBooneNationalForest,ColdHillSilv Stacy Clark,USDAForestService, Kurt W Minim HFRA SilviculturalAssessm o silviculturaltreatm re largescalesilviculturalassessm e; andcontrol(untreatedareas).Thetreat e position, structureandfunctionassociatedwiththeseecosystem i s Reaves,ForestService Researchand nim i zing GypsyMothEffectsOnTheMonongahelaAndW . Gottschalk,USDAForestService,Nort o i th vulnerabilitywillbedone. ze gypsym e sic (SI65-80)anddry-xeric(S e o Comment citer cedocument: nt PlanfortheDanielBoone th defoliation.W o e th effects.W e nts tosustainoakf nt. onstration areastotest e nts willsustainoakf gypsym e position; oakwoodla ents: GypsyMoth nts are:shelterwood ent isbeinginstalledontheW ents: Section404,T

SouthernResearchStation o e o th/oak dec arecurren th, ents in e willm e Lymantria dispar dium o Developm nd NFSpersonnelwhoarerisktakers;2)Needto e rest m nts toconditionoak( a toenhancefuturem densityandcanbedesignedtoenhanceoak wider varietyofforesttypesandinsect e the oakshelterwood);thinning,thatcanalter o intain thisconditionoverextendedperiodsof And OakDeclineOnTheDanielBoone presalvageandsanitationthinningtreatm I 50-65)foratotalof30treatm en line inboththenearterm onitor releasedandunreleasedoaktreesfor hern ResearchStation,CallieSchweitzerand s andtoprovideforavarietyofstructural nts arereplicatedthreetim tly inthesiteselectionphaseandanticipate rests. silvicultural treatm inned andunthinnedcontrolareas.Onthe release treatm NationalForestprovidesforabroadrange with reserves,thatcreatestwo-agedstands; icultural Assessm nd treatm ts, especiallyontheNFSside;and3)Need itle IVOfTheHealthyForestRestoration ent, USDAForestService,W (L.), andoakdeclineretainingthe e nt, thatcreatesanopenhabitat a a odeling oftreatm yne NationalForestthatwill yne NationalForests e nts weredonein15-20year ent isdesignedtotestthe a e Quercus st productionandability nts specif s. TheLandand andlongterm es oneachoftwo spp.)foreststo i e ed intheplan e nt unitsof16 nt effectson a shington, ents , as 47 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). populations (hem understory vegetation;soil m and post-harvestsam stand densityby30-40%;halfofeachwill not Allegheny NationalForestinwesternPennsylva site resourcesevenatadvancedages.Currently, fourm structures. Hem densities, reallocateresources,andincreasehem the objectiveof In ordertoincreasehem Mary AnnFajvan,USDAForestService Threatened ByHem Integration OfSilviculturalStrategiesForHem m assessm knowledge isunavailabletocom key proceduresunderNEPAinordertoestablishthesenewstudies.W of expertiseandresourcesinboththepublica technology transferregardingforest-dam Healthy ForestRestorationActof2003provide and anow-closedstudyonpine-feedinginsectsin Virginia, redoakborerintheArkansasOzar the westGulfregion,gypsym individual ASA.SixASAsarecurrentlybeing excluded from com reviewed studyplanisrequiredforeachASA,andASAm application of applicable land&resourcem other areasinwhichtherem W dam conducted onFederallanddeterm com and includestim defined asanyvegetativeorothertreatm disease problem IV, authorizingtheestablishm The HealthyForestRestorationActof2003c a ilderness PreservationSystem nage forestsonthenation’spublicandprivateforestlands. m a b ging insects.Certainareasareexcludedfr at dam e nt. TheASAprocessprovidesthata ents representpowerfulnewtoolsinthe a ging insectinf insecticidesinm docum thisresearchistodevelop s listedintheActoridentif l ber harvesting,thinning,prescr ock isveryshadetoleranta lock woollyadelgidand others). l Comment citer cedocument: ock W entation inEISorEAunde p ling includesm l ock survivabilityin oolly Adelgid( e stations. Typicall oval ofvegetationis a o ent ofapplieds nagem isture, tem

o orCongressi unicipal wate th-oak declin ined tobeatrisk b e at thesefore nt plans.Ce easurem e aging in nt fo p Adelges Tsugae erature andnutrients;foliar nutrients;andinsect ks, hem nd candem silvicultural thinningguidelinestoreducestand ie ontained provisionsunderSection404ofTitle ilvicultural assessm stands threatenedbyhem d bytheSecretaryofAgriculture.AnASAis r inform rsheds orassociatedriparianareas.Apeer- y, ASAswillbeim conducted nationally--southernpinebeetlein ibed burning,pruning,andanycom onally-designated wildernessstudyareas,or e inKentucky,gypsym nd privatesector,andofferastream om nia arereceivingthinningstoreducerelative ssessm l hands ofresearchscientistslookingtobetter am r NEPAonnotm ents of:residualtree stem sects andassociateddiseases,allowtheuse ock vigoracrossarangeof restricted,prohibited,orinconsistentwith Florida. Overall,theASAprovisionsin rtain practicesarealsoprohibited,suchas ofinfestationby,orinfestedwith,forest- ASAs,suchaslandswithintheNational l st pests,thenewappliedsilvicultural beharvestedandserveascontrols.Pre- ock woollyadelgidontheAlleghenyNF, l ock Managem a ndate toconductappliedresearchand ation gatheringandresearchpurposes, ent treatm i onstrate growthincreasestoincreased xed hardwood-hem ). u e ents (ASAs)f o st includepublicnoticeor plem nts m re than1,000acresforan e nt InEasternForests ented asf l o ock woollyadelgid, a y becategorically th effectsinW l ock standsonthe standtypesand s andcrowns; h ere sufficient o r insectand i eld studies b ination to lining of e 48 st Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). im wherewithal tom 404 ofTitleIVthe HealthyForestRe m scope ofandpotentialforthisoutbreakinto forestlands intheregion.Finally,thereisalso quantify theextent,distributionandrepercu and associatedpathogenssuchas and abundanceofROB,theeff m predisposing andincitingfactorsofthisoutbreak, suchastree-insectinteractionsand and elem across thelandscapehaveyettobeaddressed, outbreak. Second,basicquestionsabouthist that rem First, theabilitytorapidlysurveydifficultterra exist inourknowledgeabouthowtoassessandd within-tree redoakborerpopulations.Butinapr procedure toquickly,non-destructivelyandeconom has beenthedevelopm oak borer.Am Healthy ForestRestorationActof2003—anApp our forests.Theseconcernshavebeencodifi conditions—especially thedegreetowhichsilvicu understand theinteractionsofinsectsanddiseases insect inf Assessm spp.) thatare50yearsoldorolder.Acco the areainInteriorHighlandsispotentiallyatrisk—standsdom the redoakborer, widespread oakm Forests oftheInteriorHighlandsArkans Springs AR. Arkansas, andGuldin,Jam Stephen, FredM.,Departm Forest HealthandOakDecline--SettingTheStageForRedBorer m they areprolonged.Thecom areas regularlyexperiencewintertem Ham Additional standsonstateandfederallandin oderate adelgidpopulationsandincreasesurvivabilityofhem echanism a possible toachieve. nagers intheregion.Itcanbestatedconclusively thattheauthorityprovidedinSection p shire arebeingconsideredforinclusion o ent, thevalueofoaksatriskfrom ents thatarecausativetothecurrent e te sensingtechnologieshavearoletoplayinassessingtheim stations m s oftreedefense,im a jor fundam a o Enaphalodes rufulus ke advancesintheseand rtality eventassociatedw Comment citer cedocument: a y beintim ent ofwithin-treesa e e ntal advanceinour s M.,SouthernRe b e ined effectsofc nt ofEntom portance ofstand ately relatedto ects ofclim

Armillaria p eratures that (Coleoptera:Ceram

as, Oklahom this outbreakexceeds$1.1billion.Thisandother storation Actof2003 provided them o atic factorsincludingdrought,andotherinsects outbreak.Third,wedonotyetfullyunderstand ith anoutbreakofanativewood-boringbeetle, rding totherecentOzark-OuachitaHighlands l ed inaTitleIVSection404projectunderthe m ssions oftheoutbreakonpublicandprivate orical ROBpopulationchangesanddensities spp.Fourth,thereispressingneedtobetter ogy, DivisionofAgriculture,University a criticalneedtogetcurrentinform lim other areas,thatotherwise wouldhavebeen in thestudy.Geographically,allofstudy including docum the handsofforestlandownersandresource forest health,andm p in suchasthatfoundtheOzarkssuggests westernMassachusettsandsouthernNew and sitevariableswithrespecttodistribution search Station,USDAForestService,Hot ability toassessthisredoakboreroutbreak ling techniquesandofarapidestim lied SilviculturalAssessm actical context,fivem ate andsilviculturaltreatm in relationtoforestsite,standandclim canbelethaltohem eal withthiswidespreadROBinfestation. lture canbeusedtoincreasethehealthof ically assessdensityanddurationof a andMissourirecentlyexperienced bycid l ock. entation ofhistoricalchanges ae). Roughly33percentof o inated byoaks( re researchisneededto l ock woollyadelgidif a jor gapscontinueto pact ofthecurrent ent (ASA)forred e nt m ation onthe a y serveto eans and Quercus ation atic 49

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Four standsreceivedeachtreatm ref gypsy m sanitation thinningistopreventthespread defoliated anddie,i.e.toreducestandvulnera higher probabilitiesof of installed duringthewinter of1989-1990.Six control, resultingin16 experim thinning -inm evaluate theef A replicatedstudywasconductedontheW Kurt Gottschalk,USDA-FS,NRS Fifteen-Year ResponseOfOak-Dom pests. in silviculturalstrategiesthatm corresponding m determ considerations tobeaddressedincludeim unexpected effectsofsilviculturedirected This sessionreviewssom assessm these m enem positively inf Modification ofstandstructureorecosystem of hostsorinsectscreateunintendedcons expected outcom or directlyaffectingtheinsect’sreproduction or otherwise.W Regardless oftheobjective,anysilviculturepracticehasconsequencesthatm thepresalvagethinningtreatm uges, andbyprom Silviculture andPestManagement:predictions,expectationsconsequences ies. Evidencesuggeststhatsilviculturalapproachesm ining appropriatem ent of‘successes’silviculturerequireyears,ifnotdecades. a o y leadtolongerterm th habitatbyrem Moderator: Rose-MarieMuzika,UniversityofMissouri-Colum l uencing otherproblem f i ectiveness of nim a e ith m nagem s likelydonotoccurinisola i zing gypsym Comment citer cedocument: oting predatorandparasitehabitat,i.e.toreduce standsusceptibility. a dyingandleavingtreeswithlowerprobabilities bef nagem e nt approaches.Finally,itis e oving preferredfood(hos longterm a twosilviculturaltreatm nagem e nt objectivessp problem

e a e o e ntal unitseach y benece nt isto th, nt andweresp e i nt scale, nated Lymantria dispar atic insects,orbyinterf experim s. Cont plica reduce dam Forests ToGypsyMothAndThinning

ssary fornativeversusnon-nativeforestinsect andestablishm processes m atreducinginsectpopulations.Additional e tion, however.Predictedchangesinpopulations or lifecycle,desiredoutcom bility togypsym

st Virg tions forfuelaccum equences forotherecosystem ecific tom distinctions am e nt rary evidencealsoexists.Furtherm the16standsweredefoliated in1990and al approachesandassessm 8 to12hainsize.The treatm lit inhalfwith t) species,rem e criticaltoconsiderdram nts -presalvagethinningandsanitation inia UniversityExperim a ge (m (L.), effectsonforests.Theobjective a i y exacerbatestandleveldam nim a y haveshortterm ent ofgypsym ortality) byrem i ong forestinsectguildsand zing dam o ering withcyclesof th dam oving structuralfeaturesor u lation andwildfirerisks, a rem a ge. Theobjectiveof ge from e a s m b ining uncutasa o oving treeswith ents, aswell ia successes,but atic differences th byreducing e a com a ntal Forestto y beintended o y result.The insectpests re theyare ents were ponents. natural ore, an a ge by 50 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Canada, inpre-com Am m Pre-com species yellow-poplar, diam defoliated stands,itdid.Overalltrees,thi significant interaction:inundefoliatedstands stocking wasstilllowerduetotheingrowthof than m statistically significant.Highoak( stands. Thesanitationthinningtreatm The presalvagethinningtreatm on m 1991. Thestandswerefollowedfor15yearspost-treatm rates thanfortreesinunthinned stands. theref predict futuretreegrowthrate,wasonlyweak higher levelsofdefoliationoninterm Higher levelsofdefoliationinthinnedthanunt egg densitiesof,anddefoliationby, def determ Mill.) thathadbeendef less. Forim (L.), thinningincreasedcrowndiam increased crowndiam Large-Scale ThinningTreatm stands. treatm increased treegrowthandvigor.Thesigni the thinningtreatm This wastheworsttestcaseforthesetreatm the thinningeffect. increased individualtreebasalareagrowthanddefoliationdecreaseditwasstrongerthan basal areagrowthandtheyhadanadditiveef Gaétan Moreau, Populations OfEruptiveDefoliators a xim o erica. W liators. Exceptf eter growthandthedefoliationeffectwas o ore, uncertainif rtality andtherecoveryof e i ine if i nt undertheseconditionsshowsthevalue ze treegrowth,isoneofthem xed standswithlessoak.By15year m e rcial thinning,wherebytreedensities e m pre-com carriedoutfieldsurveysinwe une species CFS/AFC/FR e m Comment citer cedocument: nt. Therewasnogrowings o e higherdef r standssam eter growth.For rcially thinnedandunthinnedstandsofbalsam m Liriodendron tulipifera e o rcial thinningincreased L. tulipifera liated bythebalsam

thestands. e

o e nts andTheir liation inthi nt signif p led atthe Quercus N. abietis eter asdi , defoliationandthinningbothincreasedindividualtree ediate-age susceptible speciesNorthernredoak, o st freque i e cantly e nts reducedm nning increasedanddefoliationdecreasedcrown stern Newfoundlandandin spp.)standshadsignificantlygreaterm nt f nned standswouldresultinlowerfuturegrowth new andincreasingstageofanoutbreak,both ect. Forsusceptiblespecies s post-treatm d defoliationbutwassignificantly werehigherinthinnedthanunthinnedstands.

s, asthedefoliationoccurredim , thinninghadnoeffectonm sm stronger thanthethinningeffect.Forim ficant responseofthepresalvagethinning d foliage.Anestim (L.), thinninghadnoeffectbutdefoliation f hinned standswereusuallyassociatedwith eason f reducedm ly relatedtodef aller trees.Thinninganddef i are reducedtodim of usingtreevigorasaguideinthinning ntly usedsilviculturalpracticesinNorth thesusceptibilityof Unexpected ConsequencesOnInsular r sawf o e r thethinningtreatm nt toevaluatethedefoliationeffects ly, o e nt, basalareahadrecoveredbut rtality buttheef o Neodiprion abietis rtality overtheuncutcontrol o ate oftreevigor,usedto fir( liation levelsanditis, i nish com eastern NovaScotia, Abies balsamea standstoinsect Q. rubra m e Quercus rubra o f nt toresultin o rtality butin ect wasnot e liation hada p (Harr.),to diately after etition and , thinning o rtality m (L.) une 51

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Details m disturbance. Onepossible m productivity, andother forestvaluesbehave Our ultim http://www.em disturbance com harvest followedbyagroundburnofredistri each cover-type.Thefireprescriptionsareeither awholecom retention) andtwofireprescriptionshavealso stands andconiferousdom dom each representingoneoffourcover-type harvest system Alberta wasdiscussedtof The EMEND(Ecosystem all valuesintheacceptablezone. to factorintom term straight-forward trade-off.Inreality,howev biodiversity goalsdesired,butwestillknowve Much presentresearchisdevotedtounderstandi harvestable fiberontheground.Thus,biodiversity adopted toconservebiodiversityinthebor a singlem m policy m As aresult,therehasbeengr their relativeshavebeenhighlytoutedasappropr ecosystem been widelyadoptedasageneralm the 1991EarthSum quantifying andusing‘trade-offs’involvinginsect This workshopsession,attendedbyc.40particip a Biodiversity vs.productivityandother‘trade- Moderators: JohnR.Spence,UniversityofAlberta,W nagem inated stands,standswithdeciduouscanopyand coniferousunderstory,m productivity,nutrientcycling,hydrological a a e kers arestrugglingwithhowtobestin ate goalatEMENDis tounderstand s arenotconsciouslym a y bereviewedat nt. Asignificantproblem nagem end.rr.ualberta.ca/english/hom s (10,20,50and75%)havebeen a b nagem ination hasbeenreplicated e nt strategy.Variableretention m Comment citer cedocument: Service &JoshuaM.Jacobs,UniversityofAlberta it inRio,biodiversityhasem e nt planning.W u Managem rther illustratethe inated stands).U eat rushofforestbiodiversitystudiesandm a

nagem a naged tofavor resultsbecause easure of e e nt Em e management nt out seeksolu s inborealm er, thereareothersignificantvalueslikelong- epage_e.htm threetim ulati notion of nharvested controls,standardclear-cuts(2%

beenallocatedtocom com non-tim inrelationtonatural andanthropogenic eal forestsofCanada,leavespotentially ng ifvariableretentionactuallyachievesthe clude suchdatainthedevelopm buted andcuredslash.Eachcover-typex ants, wasconvenedtoprom iate m function andsuccessionthatwewouldlike harvesting, forexam orconservearthropodspecies,insectsand ry littleabouthowtooptim biodiversityandotherforestvalues.Since how m ng NaturalDisturbance)projectinNW tions tothisproblem erged asacentralecosystem offs’ associatedw applied to10-hacom e allforestvaluescannotbem has been‘traded-off’againstfiberyield. wouldbetoadopt the harvesting- trade-of easures of es onalandscapethatisc.20km ber valuesinforests.Becauseforest . JanA.Volney,CanadianForest l easures ofbiodiversity, yield,site . i xedwood succession(deciduous p artm f s biodiversityinthiscontext. . AtEMENDf ent burnor15%retention i th sustainableforest ple, ashasbeenwidely p thatallowustokeep artm p artm ents representing ote discussionof valueandhas ents offorest, ize eventhis our retention i a ent offorest a xed canopy xim nagers and i zed by 52 2 .

sortofcom a ied thef king m e m ter harvestingisthem nt. on currencies. Comment citer cedocument: doubtsthatanythingot e a tim ize trade-offs,weneedtoknowhowm m nagem o llowing criticalissues on currencieswillberequired(e.g.,productivityvs.biodiversity). e afterthedisturbancesoccurred? o a re optim e nce m

nt decisions.Th is ulates natural i adaptivem stic andoptim odeling fram easures? a a nagem istic flavor in issue. however, wem it localextir onitoring rarespecies. te trade-offanalysiscouldbeapproached. ed above.Thefollowingissueswerebrought

e them nt as her thandollarsontheprofitlinewouldbe a topic, wedealtwithth forexecutionofvalidandusefultrade-off disturbance withrespecttobehaviorofthose ssues aboutbiodiversitythatwouldrequire nagem is view,then,justifiesthe approachtakenby a ng ecologicalconcessions throughm am the biodiversitysignalwillbecom de eworks thatreducetrade-offstodecisions forusflowedfrom istic f eliorate adverseeffectsonbiodiversity a for theirrecovery;i.e.,whatscalesare a rket placewithout pation ofspecies,iftheyareretained p e nt. u a l st understandthetrade-offsam r avor. Thepessim t o

f u i ch changeistolerable. n a t nagem e g r a e potentialandpitfalls t e necessarybenefitof d e restatem l nt andtheconcept i stic viewthat ent ofan a n p d lex by s a c rket ong a 53 p e

Vision withoutactionisadream

rm entom ation tosupportdevelopm o logists whofeelthatthescienceof , actionwithoutvisionisa ent offorest a ke it 54 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Comment citer cedocument: SCALE ANDINTERACTIONS

55 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). fungus of m utilization wasnotsignificantforeitherfungi. artificial m and thebeetle’ssym differential com m cultivate ingalleriesconstructedthexylem Am beetles ( laboratory experim found withinthe species ( 2 1 Kier D.Klepzig Proteom the decrease ofgalleryconstructionbehaviorinar host treesandvectoradevastating recently-introduced species( Exotic am E. P.Ott,Departm Glabratus Sym

proteom successful sym begun exam be highlydiscrim highly specializedm The southernpinebeetlem Departm USDA ForestService,SouthernResearchStation, y y cangial transferby cangial fungiinvolvedm Ophiostoma brosia beetlesm b iosis InTheInvasiveAm Symbiotic RelationshipsandTheirRoleinForestInsectInvasionSuccess i i Xylosandrus compactus X. compactus c com c AndMicroscopicExam e : Im brosia beetlesareanescalatingproblem nt ofForestry,MississippiStateUniversity X. compactus e dia indicatedasignificantadvantagefor ining them plications ForManagem p b sp. 1 p arisons, weareattem iotic partnership.Using sca , OlgaPechanova Moderator: RichardHofstetter,NorthernArizonaUniversity Ophiostoma etition experim i e natory inthefungiwhich itallowstoenterandthrivewithin.W e

nt ofEntom nts inanartificialm Comment citer cedocument: b y a iotic fungus.Thediffe cangium X. crassiusculus intain astrictobligate and and echanism a a X. crassiusculus intains asym Xyloborus glabratus infectedhostalongwith y affectvectori X. crassiusculus . Thism o and

logy, LSU e brosia Beetles nts todeterm 2 s ination OfTheSouthernPineBeetle–FungusSym , Young-MinKang (structuralandphysiological) behindthisselectiveand Ophiostoma X. crassiusculus p e ofthe ting tode y nt cangium e dia to b iotic ng capabilities.Therefore,weconductedfungal nning electronm ) m Ophiostoma rential andprim overthe

. Theinteractionsof ine com determ tif Mycangialisolationsshowednoevidenceof m sp. pathogen.Multipleotheram relationshipwithtwofungiviatheuseofa scribe them

i Xylosandrus Crassiusculus ght becapableofvectoringthepathogen. is surroundedbyglandcellsandappearsto icial rearingm u ) dem withintheUnitedStates,withatleastone tualism

), withintheXyloborinitribe,havebeen 2 , andCetinYuceer ine whetherlong-establishedam X. glabratus Ambrosiella xylebori p onstrating theabilitytoattackliving Ophiostoma etitive effectsbetweenthepathogen sp.. withm eans bywhichthesefungi enter, ary com i X. crassiusculus croscope (SEM)im e dia alreadyinoculatedwith . W y sp.Secondaryresource the cangial fungithatthey p etition experim e thereforeperform 2 Ophiostoma

And , them alsoshoweda brosia beetle agery and Xyleborus b u sp.and iosis tualistic e e nts on brosia have

56 e d

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). relationship withtwospeciesoffungi: southern forests(Drooz,1985).Thesetreekillingbarkbeetlesexhibitam Curculionidae; Scolytinae),isthem Entomocorticium observations inSEM m of them m cuticular invaginationcalledam Kirisits, 2003;BarrasandTaylor,1973).The Ophio-stom basidiom Aphyllophorales; Corticiaceae)(BarrasandPerr concentrate onidentificationoftheproteins proteins m the differentialproductionofproteinsbym and arem ranaculosum Entomocorticium system beetle-bacteria), andtotheincredibleeconom to thecom their sym m the m the m (Ascom selective actionofitsglandular m resulting hyphalm galleries duringoviposition.Thefungisubsequently ranaculosum surrounding tubesthatpresum observe yeast-likefungalsporesinthem developm m selection ofspeciesthatentertothem fem from beetle haveasim m technologies arepowerfultoolstounderstandth gland cellsarekeyfactorsinselection,trans y y ites (Klepzigetal.,2001).Moreover,thetwom y echanism The southernpinebeetle(SPB), W cangium cangium cangium a outsidethroughanopeni le beetlethataidtheentranceoffungi e y y anticipatethatfem cangium , weareseekingtoidentifythem cangial m ycota; Ophiostom y ycete (HsiauandHarrington2003), b ental stagesiscryofracturedin cangium a iotic vector(Barras,1970;Coppedge a bywhichfungiaretransportedfrom intained withinthesouthernpinebeetlem p . Toanswerthesequestions,thorax apparentlyfavorsthegrowthof . Dothesetubessecretechem atales; Ophiostom y playaroleinthem lex webofinteractions(b and areselectivelygrown?Or,theresp , despiteitsprevalenceontheexteri u p sp Entomocorticium sp tualists, therebydecreasing , andprovideapassage toth le transportm a . A Comment citer cedocument: . A ss providingessentialnutrientstolarvae(Klepzigetal.,2001).The and or a tales; Ophio-stom a O. ranaculosum O. ranaculosum le prothoracicstruct i crographs need a ng tothem taceae) (syn. echanism

y ably carrysecr cangium secretions(Happetal.,1971). o sp st econom a . A intenan y eetle-fungus, fungus-fungus,m Dendroctonus frontalis cangi arecultured,transported,andinoculatedintobeetle icals not by y (Happet cangi withfluorescentproteins (e.g.,greenfluorescent tothem and furtherdescriptionofm liquid nitrogenandexam y at cangium which m port, andgrowthoffungi.SEMproteom ce offungalsym al lum aceae), astainingfunguswhichcom a onlythesetwofungithroughtheapparent beetle reproductivesuccess,isexcludedfrom tothem ica etal.,1995;KlepzigandW le e fungifrom ic andecologicalim Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus y, 1972;Happetal.,1976),anam to befunctionallyverified bytagging um

Entomocorticium ures andm o outside tothem adult fem onlytothem eted chem lly andecologicallyim y lecular basisunderlyingadaptationof and fem or ofthebeetleandonassociatedphoretic cangial fungiarenotequallybeneficialto ese processes.W andseveralhyphae-likestructuresinthe al,.1971).Itisfrom proliferateintreephloem sectionoffem y Ophiostoma ranaculosum e cangial environm where n possiblyoccursonthesurfaceof i y ecialized prothoracicstructuresinthe croorganism cangium y cangium a a le southernpinebeetles.These le SPBpossessesaprothoracic outsidetothem e icals from tabolic pathwaysinm Entomocorticium y . Prelim Zim b cangium y ionts. Furtherstudieswill s arenon-selectivelytaken cangium ? sp Thelatterim pacts ofthissym a e m . A ined underSEM.W ent. le beetlesatvarious areinvestigatingthe y glandcellstothe e ite-fungus, andeven inary resultsindicate thisstructurethat portant insectpestof cangial m rm butalsothesurface Ophiostoma minus u ilkens, 1997).Due tualistic sym . Doesthefem ann (Coleoptera; (Basidiom tissueswiththe y (Ascom ; Jacobsand cangium sp ber colored . A o p rphology. plies that etes with y and cangial ycota; y ? b b cota; The iotic iotic a 57 O. O. le i e c

The practicalapplicationof e icals isunknown.Onefeasibleapproach . m Annals oftheEntomologicalSocietyAmerica a e i ycangia. Thoraxtissuesfrom le beetleregulatetheirprolif Entomocorticium ght targetspecificproteinsinthem nsional DifferenceIn-GelElectrophores thejellyfish e sequenceinform fem . Suchinform a a le beetlesform les wereseenasgree Comment citer cedocument: . tm oneglandcell-typere . . Zeitschrift AngewEntomologie Mycopathologica etMycologiaApplicata c.edu/projects/tribolium fem fem i Aequorea victoria cs and/orgenom sp . A a thisresearchis relationtofungalassociates. les (labeled between ation m a through theapparentselectiveactionofitsglandularchem or le tissues

icals, whereas ation from O. ranaculosum true ed roleof fem erati a u y serveasthebasisfordevelopm tualistic interactionwith Dendroctonus frontalis a m n, andm on andyeast-likegrowthform le a were subjecttom ics. y with Cy3,whichfluorescesgreen)andm ) and/orconducting y y gulates thespeciescom cangium cangia, whereasm of SPBgenom cangium the possibilityof and cellsdifferinm m glandcells.Thus,wehavetakenaproteom nd m led proteinswerem anotherbeetle( W tocystis m / r m m e ) forproteinidentification. theotherglandcell-typeprovidesnutrients tabolic pathways.Thisapproachisbasedon al., 1971).However,thenatureofthese b e . istoidentifythem is (2-DDIGE).Differentiallyexpressed 1995.Variationinfem anticipatetheidentif ionts intheprothoracicm ode andstatisticalanalyses,differentially haveenteredthem a a le beetleshavebeendissected.W le producedproteinsasred.Com todisruptthebeetle-fungalinteraction. 63:1187-1190. . 71:95-104. i nor identifiedfrom Canadian Entomologist e sequenceinform alternativeapproachestoSPB andthefungus a in vivo 50:203-305. Entomo-corticium ss spectrom a les form o i rphology, itissuggested xed andseparatedusing position ofthefungivia Tribolium castaneum assaysusingfem y ication of cangium e ? tabolic m a Them non-functioning ent ofchem le southernpine e m ation, wehave try (MALDI- y y Ceratocystis cangium cangium , howdoes m y 127:145- sp cangium o o . A lecular lecular e have icals m and a ical of a of les 58 on i le c ;

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). m Type-1 secretorycellswere identifiedandobs recurved scutellum m and consistsofadouble,pairedsac-likeorgan electron m m describe them serving astheprim invaginations ofthecuticle.Hence,fungifo proliferate. Them pouches, tubes,orpubescentareaswheref Am southern pinebeetle. Klepzig K.D.andW abies fungi feduponbybarkbeetles(Coleoptera:Scolytidae). Hsiau, P.T.andHarrington,T.C.2003.Phylogene Botany structureof abasidiom Happ, G.M.,C.M.,andBarras,S.J.1976.Barkbeetle-fungalsym Dendroctonus frontalis m Happ, G.M.,Happ.,C.M.,andBarras,S.J. W Drooz, A.T.1985.InsectsofEasternforests.U.S. m in Mississippi1999andhasnowbecom Xylosandrus mutilatus Departm W Morphology ofTheMesonotalMycangium 30:83-96. Sym Klepzig, K.D.,Moser,J.C.,Lom Jacobs, K.andKirisits,T.2003. y a y y a a . D. Stone,T.E.Nebeker,andW rgin ofthem jor pestsattackingthetrunkandbranchesofChinesechestnut, cangium cangia weredissectedfrom cangium shington, D.C.MiscellaneousPublication.608p. brosia beetleshavespecializedstructuresterm b inEurope,sim iosis andcom 54:1049-1062. e nt ofEntom i croscope m , acham viaefferentcuticular ductules. Type-2secretorycellswerenot observed. y cangium e sonotum ary foodresourceforlarvaeandadults.Thepurpose ofthisstudywasto . p y Theoutersecretorycell la Comment citer cedocument: ilar to ilkens R.T.1997.Com etition: Com cangia canoccurinnum Applied andEnvironmentalMicrobiology ber forthecultureofsym o ycetous ectosym (Blandford)isanam e logy andPlant . thodologies. InX Tissue andCell withlight,scanning . Theinnercuticular O . minus m

Ophiostoma a p . ture fem A. Monroe*,MississippiStateUniversity lex interactionsam b . ardero, M.J.,Hofstetter,R.W Mycological Research Pathology, ElectronMicroscopyCenter* biont ofthesouthernpinebeetle. 3:295-308. . mutilatus a e p Of le brosia beetle established.InChina, etitive

kryptum rm beetles andpreparedbyconventionallight and transm erous locationsinandonbeetlesallare erved passingelectrondense m ungal sporesarecontainedandallowedto of ectoderm Xylosandrus Mutilatus structure ofthem yer concealstheinner cuticular pairedsac. asym Departm b 1971. Finestructureoftheprothoracic iotic fungi,inthesouthernpinebeetle, ed m interactions am , them tics andadaptationsofbasidiom ong beetles,fungiandm sp. b Symbiosis y iotic relationshipwiththebeetleby cangia, whichconsistofpits,sacs, ission electronm f nov y r al originwhichliesintheforward 107:231-1242. e om cangium nt ofAgriculture,ForestService, . from 63:621–627. Asiawhichwasf 34:111-131. y ., andAyresM.P.2001a. Castanea mollissima ong sym cangium X. mutilatus

isfoundonlyinfem Larix decidua Canadian Journalof i b croscopy. Thirty isform iotic fungiofthe ites. Sym a terial intothe isoneofthe b i rst detected iosis. Fine and ed bythe ycetous Blue. b Picea iosis a les 59

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). siricidicola inoculation, lossofvirulence siricidicola between dam the EasternCapeandKwaZulu-N populations rem Despite theabsenceof Deladenus siricidicola since spreadtotheEasternCapeandKwaZu Sirex noctilio Institute (FABI),Universityof B.P. Hurley,B.SlippersandM.J.W South AfricanPerspective com biological kingdom relationships canbecom relatively straightf Although insect-m Northern BritishColum K. F.Raffa Multiple-Com Africa andelsewhere. understanding ofthesefactorsisneeded that cancontributetothesuccessof responsible fordifferencesin silvicultural practicesbetweenprovinces,such between provincesandthereasonforlowsuccesswith Sym underway toidentifythefungalspecies. m and heightm paper asthe“m m tracheolated. Theaveragelengthofoneinne on thescutellum Secretory cellswerenotobservedinassocia of W easured 419µm o rphological characteristicofthem a p b i ge to lexity. iosis Between sconsin, S. noctilio strains,orbetween ), anditshost( 1 Pinus , B.H.Aukem FabricuswasfirstdetectedinSouth easured 148µm ponent Sym 2 ycangial bridge”.Theaverage Current: NaturalResourcesCanada,Canadi a plantations,withsom in lowtheW (N=6).Theareaofcuticlejoin . icrobial sym Thesceretoryandcuticul o , itsfungalsym s. Thispresentationprovides an Comment citer cedocument: rward interactions,ther Sirex Noctilio , hasbeenreleasedinallthreeprovi wellestablishedbi b ia, b a ioses: SpruceBeetle-MicrobeAssociationsAsA Model p Pinus 3 1, lex, context-speci Current: (N=6).Im 2 , andY.J.Cardoza S. noctilio Pretoria b D. siricidicola ioses havem D. siricidicola

), wasexam e stern Cape,in , atal. Inthesetwoprovinces b Amylostereum Areolatum iont (

USDA-ARS/CMAVE e sonotal m e toensuresustainablecontrolof populations.Moisturecontentofthetreeattim siteshavingover50%m i ages ngf Amylostereum areolatum D. siricidicola ological controlagentsinSouthAfrica, o tion withthenonglandularpitm ield ForestryandAgriculturalBiotechnology e isnowwidespreadrecognitionthatthese ined inanefforttounderstandthedifferences width ofthem and obtainedprovideanewunderstandingofthe st andincom fic, andlinkingorgani r cuticularsacm lu-Natal provinces.Theparasiticnem com y as thinning,arelikelytobethem ar layersofthem contrast torapidlyincreasingpopulationsin cangium 1, ing bothlobesofthesacisterm Africa in1994,theW 3 A. areolatum . m overviewofoneinsect system 1 Departm only beenstudiedaspairedspeciesand asabiocontrolagent.Abetter p of nces, butwithverylim atibility between y an ForestService;Universityof And X. mutilatus cangial bridgem D. siricidicola e nt ofEntom strains,areim S. noctilio easured 680µm Deladenus Siricidicola ), itsbiocontrolagent( o rtality. Theinteractions y cangium sm . Futureresearchis S. noctilio causessignificant s acrossdifferent e o stern Cape.Ithas S. noctilio logy, University . Differencesin y easured 231µm portant factors cangia located werehighly ited success. andheight S. noctilio ed bythis a inSouth thatthis in factor and a tode, e of : A 60 D. D.

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). not foundon (Cardoza etal.2006b). Incidencedoesnotvary incidence insprucebeetlesoverwinteringwithin 2003, Aukem com exoskeletons andgalleries(Aukem even thoughsim associated withsprucebeetle, fungi werepresentinallnem Candida spp. Ophiostoma abiocarpum ophiostom 2006b). W nem structures wereonlyfoundinassociationwithne were coveredwithm and exudedfrom suggests thewallsarecom with am on thehindwingsofsprucebeetle The nem luteus specific inhibitoryactivityagainstthe secretions donotinhibitfungalgrowth;andb) bacterial speciesareresponsibleforthefungalinhibition,asevidencedby:a)Filter-sterilized Actinobacteria, Firm fungus-pervaded galleries.Oralsecretions al. 2006a).Theyappearm exhibit abehaviorbywhichtheyexudeoralsecr reduce sprucebeetlesurvivalandreproductionincontrolledassays.Spruceadults confer som environm (Cardoza etal.2006a).Theseincludesp Host colonizationbysprucebeetlesleadsto of Variationinthefrequenciesassociation. Bacterial -BeetleFungalinteractions,Nem Raffa 2004).W changes anditattacksalm eruptions thatkillm highly stressedorkilledtrees,butundercertainconditionsundergoeslandscapelevel colonizes m The sprucebeetle, position differssubstantiallyfrom a todes inform showsthestrongestfungalinhibition(Cardozaetal.2006a). a entally prevalentfungi,closeassoci e tode a lanized appearanceandapparentleat e toid andtwoyeastm o typesofbenefitaswellstric Dendroctonus ponderosae st speciesofsprucewithinitsrange.Itusuallycongregatesandreproduceson a e Ektaphelenchus obtusus (88% incidence)and etal.2005).Theabundanceof identifiedfourpredom ilar culturingandsequencingm e theinsects’wingveins,th describeherethreesourcesofcom Dendroctonus rufipennis ation ofthesepockets,whichweterm illions oftrees(W Comment citer cedocument: icutes, Gam u cilaginous secretions (82%ofbeetles), o posed ofagranularm st alltreesregard o Leptographium abietinum st likelytoegest

o m s (Cardozaetal.2006b).Thesestructuresareorange-brown rphologies, withsequencem a tangia sa a -proteobacteria Pichia a four antagonisticfungi.Theactinom etal erner et previous Massey, andalsofungi,occurwithinspecialstructures Hopkinsor inant (82%incidence).Oneorbothophiostom (Kirby)isabroadlydistributedbarkbeetlethat a . 2005,Cardozaetal.2005a).Thisfungal m less oftheirphysiologicalcondition(W rough pores.Allsprucebeetlewingsobserved al.2006).Undertheseconditions,itsbehavior t tly antagonisticspecies.Som and fungalsporesand/orm ode -BeetleFungalinteractions,andSources p ates andopportunists,speciesthatm Ophiostoma penicilliatum gallery invasionbyseveralspeciesoffungi led. Surprisingly,thepredom contain avarietyofbacteria,withinthe isolations f etions thatinhibitfungalgrowth(Cardozaet Individualbacterialisolatesshowspecies- e betweenbeetlegenders. Nem m these oralsecretionswhentheyencounter ecies carriedbytheadultinsectsand trees to17%inbeetlesf hery consistency.Ultrastructuralanalysis t a m hods recoverthesam a trix thatisinfiltratedbym nem andBetaproteobacteria.Som Ips pini i todes. Thissuggestsacrucialroleofthe crobial speciesinnem p a lexity toillustratetheoverallthem wasnotrecoveredfrom tangia variesseasonally,from (Say). r om “nem a tches closesttothefollowing: sprucebeetles(Six&Bentz atangia” (Cardozaetal. e fungusfrom (24%incidence), l ycete ying inlatespring y e celia, butthese ofthesefungi i crobial spores a inant fungus Micrococcus a nem tangia: two tangia were e ofthese allin and a beetle tangia, 60% a toid 61 a e: y Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Service, SouthernResearch Stati NRI (2003-3502-13528), NationalScienceF Massey oftheUW statistical analysisandinterpretation.Susan Paskewitz (UW Clayton, DouglasBatesandSaik (University ofFlorida,Ft.Lauderdale,FL) Handoo (USDA,Nem FS FPL)forassistanceinidentifyingandcultu insect collection.W Barbara Bentz,MatthewHansen,Jam Skeeter W Acknowledgm scale? do theyinfluence,thechangingtem across colonizationsequence? and netim associates af Areas forfutureresearchinclude:1) other prevalentfungi. affects itsbeetlevectororhosttreeshouldbe individual beetlelevels.Theseresultssugge between frequenciesof beetle populationdensity(Aukem species offungi, throughout allphasesofsam hypothesis testing.Third,theaddedlaborrequi which eachbeetlearose.Obscuringsuchin surprising, andwouldhavepredictedotherwise. beetles pertreeandm ram variation acrosstheKenaiPeninsula(Aukem variation withintreesishigherthanbetween-t and excavatedfrom within trees,sites,andsites com various isolationm three-year period(Aukem isolating fungifrom statistical perspectives.W im fungus, bacterium am In additiontotheaddedcom pacts onbeetlepopulations.Thisposes ong eachofthem i p fications derivedfrom ared variationinthefrequenciesofbeetle e pacts influencedbythechangingtem rner, EdHolsten,JohnHard,Ken f ect theirnetim ents L abietinum , andnem ElectronMicroscopyFacility e hostsyieldedthesam . Environ-m approxim Comment citer cedocument: e thods, culturingconditions,andm thankTom o re treespersiteattheexpenseofm a a L. abietinum tology Laboratory,Belts etal.2005).Thefirs thesedata.First,experim e a p pacts onbeetlef addressedthis 3)Howarethes p tode, andhenceth and ling isworththei a lexity of tely 1000beetles

on providingfundingfor thesestudies. e Harrington(Iowa ntal influences at Debroy,Departm a a etal.2005)

p Pesotum e late ofb s Krus andthis m u e How dom ltiple fungi.Inthisparticularsystem problem e andAngieAm itness? 2)Howarethesem special challengesfrom considered bothaloneandincom sp.,variedintheirfrequenciesdependingon for identificationofthenem oundation (DEB0314215), andUSDAForest -associated fungiatthreelevels:am st thatinterpretationofhowanyonefungus e m form eetle populationdensityatvariouslevelsof ring fungi.W nvestm theregion.Beetlescollectedinflighttraps a t yearwasdevotedtocom ree variationwithinsites,andbetween-site Second,itisvaluabletoknowthetreefrom m species,thereisalsoquantitativevariation . Therewasastronginverserelationship assistedwithelectronm etal.2005).Therearethreepractical eir influencesoneachotherandtheirnet from Zogas, KathleenMatthews,JoseNegron, p Pesotum u a StateUniversity)andBarbIllm late ofhosttreeconditionandchem y affectthedistribu ltiple interactionsinfluencedby,andhow red tokeepindividualbeetlesseparate ation reducesthepowerofsubsequent ville, MD)andRobinGiblin-Davis theKenaiPeninsulaofAlaskaovera usingsprucebeetleasam u e e e thods ofcollectingbeetles.W ltiple interactionsam nt. Thereissom nt ofStatistics,forassistancewith e ntal designsshouldincludem sp.atboththepopulationand o re sites.W bourn (USDAFS,)helpedwith e thankLynnCartaandZafar Entom bothoperationaland tion ofeachspecies e o e foundthiseresults logy) andRandall p u i evidencethattwo croscopy. USDA aring resultsfrom ltiple interactions a , between-beetle todes. Murray ong m b ination with ong beetles an (USDA odel, by i crobial e then istry o 62 re

Raffa. 2006b.Travelingthroughtim an Insect andPathogenDynam -fungal associations:Im llm atode association.Sym n, F.S.,III,M.Oswood,K.VanCleve,L.A. . 2006a.Bacteriainoralsecretionsofan an, BLClayton,M,K.&F.Raffa.2005. een individualhostselectionbehaviorand with theNorthAm tle-sym o l. InPress. biont relationships.For.Ecol.&

b plications forsam iosis. InPress. i erican sprucebeetle cs. 2006.Pgs.133- e andspaceon p ling 63 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, insect olfaction.Thefocus ofthisworkha to allowinsightintoplum system and howtheyvaryintim system From guide beetlestowardatraporawayfrom forestry toinfluencebarkbeetlebehaviorbyst based m their environm bark beetlesthatarem The literatureoninsectsem concentration fieldofchem 4 3 2 crocea Methods ofquantifyingedgebehaviorareillu dispersal innon-hosthabitat,althoughthisist experim Methods forestim Reaction-df these elem areas, andotherlandscapeelem Bark beetlesinhabitacom Reeve, J.D Beetles Using Reaction-DiffusionModelsToCharacteri 1 H. W Im Applications ofthesam m m W Montana TechnicalUniversity,Butte,MT59701 USDA ForestService,SRS,Pineville,LA71360 USDA ForestService,FHTET,Morgantown,W The RolesofHabitatMosaicsandPhysicalVariablesintheMovementForest-Dw "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). a udflat ornon-hostplants.Thisherbivoreexhibitsdistinctedgebehaviorsdependingonthe pact ofCanopyDensityOnMovem trix type,whichinturnaffectsthepers a shington StateUniversity,Pullm . aphysicalpointofview,allth Thistle , anherbivoreofprairiecordgrassthati oftheinsectm from e onitoring andcontrolstrategieshavearis nts arereviewedandrecentstudiespresen ents, andexhibitedgebehaviorwhen f Moderator: BrianStrom thisstandpointarethesem u 1 sion m , B.Strom ent largelythrougholfaction,locatingsuitablehosts andm ating thedispersaldistanceofba odels provideausef a Comment citer cedocument: y beextrem e a 2 m jor pestsworldwide. , H.G.Peterson e m e andspace.Obviously, thefunctioningofbiologicalsensing e p i ical thodology tosouthernpinebeetlearepresented. ochem lex landscapeincl i crostructure athi ents. Theseinsectsc in thesurroundingair(m i ely com

cal signalingsystem , an, W USDAForestService,HealthProtection e nt Of ese system i aresource. ochem 3 , G.Allwine A p ul f 99164 le Organisms A TracerGasInSouthernPineStand s beentom istence ofplanthopperpopulationsthroughtim strated usingdatafrom x. Sam ypically am uding hostandnon-hoststands,clearings,urban i rategically releasingsyntheticsem In thetrunkspaceofforests,barkbeetlessense cal

r gh frequencies,i.e.,conditions m V nhabits hostpatchesseparatedbyam en from ze TheLandscape-LevelDistributionOfBark am s haveareleaser(m rk beetlesandassociatesusingm 26505 crossingfrom ted. Itisnotedthatnostudieshaveexam concentrations thatinfluenceinsectbehavior ould potentiallydisperseatdifferentratesin ework toincorporatethesecom p 4 , S.L.Edburg ling technologyhasadvanced sufficiently s isextensive;thisparticularlytruef thisknowledge,andarewidelyusedin easure thedynam ass volum a jor com onehabitattypetoanother. ponent ofnaturallandscapes. e theplanthopper, 4 -1 and B.K.Lam ass tim ). Criticaltodesigninga a tes. Sem i c concentrationand e -1 ) andaresulting i ochem o a re sim rk-recapture b i ochem 4 Prokelisia p lexities. a i e trix of cals to ilar to lling i ined cal- 64 o e. r Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, with threeconcentriccirclesofsam plum sam 30 m sam carefully m The m Experim under forestcanopiesfrom spatial structureofatracergas(SF m The experim Results andConclusions literature existsutilizingitasagaseoustracer. Hz), isconservative(fairlynon-reactiveinth prom not resultinhighconcentrationsatagivenpoint filam Under them point foralongerperiodoftim trunkspace belowaclosedordensecanopy,plum These plum The highfrequencytracesshowplum that causesplum trunk spaceenvironm surfaces loseheat(tospace)m which increasesturbulenceandplum turbulence underneath.Anincreaseinpenetra Air flowfrom general atm prom trunkspace below,soplum dilution isstronglydependentoncanopydensity. basic configuration(Thistleetal.1995,Thistle (Krasnec etal.1984),enhancedwithhighfre

"Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). ean sam p p e. SF i le array,allowingthestructureofplum les areprocessedeachday;theentireprogram otes trunkspaceconditionsinwhichaninsectcan m otes couplingwiththeoutsideatm e nute m ntous naturebutm e thod usedhereisatracerexperim e ntal Design p 6 les andm e o waschosenbecauseitcanbedetectedatconcentrationsaslow10ppt(even1 es m o tered ratefrom ean sam e spheric conditions.Thiscouplingcan re opencanopy,wherevelocityandm nt hasbeensuccessfullycom abovethecanopym es todiluteslowlyandrem a intain thisnatureoverarange p a ent ofclosedcanopiestendsto les. Inaddition,ahighfre ny highfrequencytracesofSF Comment citer cedocument: ove extensivelylaterall theresults. es rem plotcenterfor4.5 o re effectively e. Thisresults a in m 6

) followingitsrelease,andtoinfersem o p re easilypene e dilution.Th lers at5m es thatare o o re concen sphere, a p in concentratedatgreaterdistancesfrom leted insevencanopytypes,producingover18000 e quency sam h duringeachtrialday.Approxim nt utilizingSF and becom e environm et al.2004)istosurr ting sunlightcausesheatingbelowthecanopy, e , 10m inthem y. Althoughtheytraverseawidearea,do quency sam causing plum in ahigherm trated withdistance.Reducedcanopydensity at highfrequencytobecom ofm beviewedasbothaerodynam Closed orrelativelydensecanopiesbufferthe narrow or‘filam i trates lowerdensitycanopies,causingm es wanderslowlyandm xing canbehigh,theplum belowvelocityandshaded,anenvironm databasecurrentlyconsistsofover18000, is effectreversesatnightbecauseexposed 6 concentrations.Itisapparentthatplum , and30m e o ean sense.Seem teorological conditionssothatinthe e re easilyfollowaplum p colderandm ent), andalargebodyofscientific ling (BennerandLam p ler isdeployedatonepointonthe 6 e behaviortobem and30m ean concentrationatthatpoint. distance.SF e ntous’ withdiscreteedges. ound apointsourceofSF i xing isdam i ingly adensercanopy i ochem nute m a es stillexhibitthis y im p 6 ared tothem isreleasedata i a c andradiative. e toitssource. o i tely 450m b cal m re affectedby ean sam pact asingle 1985).The thesource. p ed. The ovem p lers e e o ent e 65 an an re nt e 6

p erature a , weconductedam ode an area-ratiom ecause ofareducedabilitytolocatepherom e nd non-thinnedstands.W ands (m onsistent withtheideathatthinninghastens re ces theclutterthroughwhichbeetlesfly. increasingrecapturedistanceinthinnedstands our cardinaldirectionsupto200m l (TurchinandThoeny1993),weestim bitat isexpectedtobeinf ce ofthinningforeststoreducethepresence

stands whiletheattractionradiustendedtobe nd windthatinturnaffectthebehaviourof disperse furtherthroughthinnedstandsthan leased beetlesatthe ean of377m 2 Golder Associates,Calgary,Alberta odel (ZolubasandByers1995), one-Baited Traps a rk-recapture studyinm ent. ) thaninnon-thinnedstands centre ofanarray l e uenced bythedensity fittheabundanceof one sourcesis . Recapture ated that a ture one 66

have functionallycharacterized alargefam targeted biochem active denovoform Insect inducedvolatileem induction ofpolyphenolicparenchym induced terpenoidaccum de novodifferentiationofspecializedanatom secondary m in conif as localandsystem com pathogens. Insectinduceddefensesinspecies Conifer treesdisplayalargearrayofdefenses Jörg Bohlm Defense Molecular, Biochem Flem m experts ondefoliatorssuchassprucebudwor Form that from (Jam endem m clim m eruptive, wellstudiedandsensitivetohum W connections from applicable toanother.Thissessionaddressedapproachesandtechnologiesforim problem forest-hum Em confronting bothforestpestm The abilitytoef odel forotherforestinsects.Thespeakersa ountain pinebeetlesystem echanism e exploredthisissueusingthem erging issuessuchasinvasivespecies,global b ate system es Powell).Eachspeakeralsoproposed ing, andDezeneHuber,inadditiontotheabovespeakers. al presentationswerefollowedbyapane inations ofconstitutiveandinduced,chem i c toeruptivestatus(AllanCarroll),andLandscapeecologyweatherinfluences thatinform e adjoiningscales. rs areterpenoid(traum an interfaces,andwilderness-m s a ofpinedefense(JorgBohlm nn, e tabolites. Traum

from f University of ectively linkpatternandproce thebiochem i cal characterizationof ins ic defenses.Am Moderator: KennethRaffa,Univ.W Comment citer cedocument: i ation andem cal, AndCellularMechan ation from threeperspectives.Theseperspectivesincluded:Biochem u issions arebasedonpa lation inthedevel BritishColum i . Panelists a cal throughlandscapelevels. tic resinosisinvol

onelevelof a atic resinosis;terpenidvolatileem ission ofnon-re Connecting theScales nagem ong som ountain pine a (PP)ce e nt ily ofconiferterpenoid synthase genesaswell included JoeElkinton,AndrewLiebhold,Rich a b e an ac a ect-induced secondarym na ia approaches forinterfacingtheirknowledgewith of ical n), Populationdynam ddressed thissingleinsect-hosttree–fungal and basicunderstandingofinsectbiology.

l andopen-workshopdiscussionthatincluded biologicalorganizationisnotim oping xylem m ged standinterfaces,allsharethecom ofspruce(Piceaspp.) ss acrossm ism i them cal andphysical,directindirect,aswell andgypsym lls oflargelyunknownchem againstinsectpestsandassociated change, andinteractionsofinsectswithfire, ves m ssive releaseof structures (traum tivities, andthusshouldserveasauseful beetle asam s sin m AndGenom o e i st prom thyl jasm sconsin-Madison onoterpenes andsesquiterpenes. In u . Phenolicdefensesinvolvethe ltiple scalesisam o inent insect-induceddefenses th, andotheraspectsofthe odel. Thisinsectishighly resinterpenoidsandon the ics ApproachesToConiefr onate orethylene-inducible atic resinducts,TRD)for i cs andtransitionfrom e issions) andphenolic tabolite defenses,we include am a ical contents. jor challenge m y e proving riad of diately m i cal on 67

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Physiology 135:1908-1927. TPS genesand Martin D,FäldtJ,andJBohlm Sitka spruce.PlantPhysiology137:369-382. em W Miller B,MadilaoLL,RalphS,andJBohl m abietadienol/abietadienal oxidasePtAOisam Ro D-K,Arim scale changesofthehosttranscriptom budworm Sitka spruce(Piceasitchensis)inducedby Ralph S,etal.(2006)Coniferdefenseagainst References of coniferchem fungal pathogenrepresentingalargenum insect attack.Inparallel,wehaveestablishedanESTresourceforabarkbeetleassociated study, populationsin4 stands er of m determ bark beetlepopulations werecensusedand conducted a4-yearstudy(involving6standsat2 colonize indirectcom restricted tosuppressedand/ordam m m North Am The m W Forest Service,Universityof A.L. Carroll,CanadianForestService,Paci Mountain PineBeetlePopulationDynam ( optim species ofspruce(>200,000ESTs;ca.6,400FL expression inresponsetorealandsim cytochrom www.treenom ountain pinebeetleexistsas“endem o onooxygenase. ProceedingsoftheNationalAcadem h i issions, andaccum sconsin rtality ofm ite pineweevilandm ountain pinebeetlepopulations from ized proteom ountain pinebeetleisaphloeophagousherb ine thetem (Choristoneuraoccidentalis)orwhitepineweevil(Pissodesstrobi)revealslarge- e erica. Periodically,populationserupt P450genesforconiferditerpen ix.ca a ical defenses. evolution ofgym ture pinetreesoverm ura G-I,LauSYW poral andspatialchanges in ) andappliedforacom i Comment citer cedocument: cs toolshavebeende u p lation ofterpenoidsyntha etition withanassem e thyl jasm NorthernBr a nn (2004)Func

upted from nosperm onate indu e. Plant,CellandEnvironm u a , i Piers lated in ged pine c” populationsthatarecharacteristicallyscattered and a ny thous i ber of cs: TheEndem terpen p the rehensive analysisofconiferdefenseresponseto itish Colum endem insects: Microarraygeneexpressionprofilingof u b fic ForestryCentre,B.H.Aukem ce traum veloped inourconifergenom sect attack.Large-scalegenom m m E, andJBohlm ltifunctional, m lage of“secondary”barkbeetlespecies.W trophic interactionsthat facilitate theeruption e resinacidform CYP450 potentiallyinvolvedindetoxification tree andstandcharacteristics quantifiedto tional characterizationofnineNorwayspruce treeswithim endem a echanical woundingorfeedingbyspruce sites insouthernBritishColum ands ofhectares.Betweenepidem se andoctadecanoidpathwaytranscriptsin e synthasesoftheTPS-dsubfam -cDNA; anda22k-cDNAm nn (2005)Insect-inducedconiferdefense: into large-scaleepidem ivore nativetothepineforestsofwestern i c intoincipientepidem y ofSciencesUSA102:8060-8065. a i c totheepidem tic resinosis,denovoform i c-Epidem b ia andK.F.Raf u lti-substrate cytochrom paired defenceswhichthey ent, inpress. a nn (2005)Loblollypine ation andm ic Transition ic state.Duringthe ics thatcausethe f a ics resourcesfor ics. Population , Universityof i croarray) and easured their b ics program a ia) inwhich , Canadian ed volatile ily. Plant ics, the e P450 68 e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Mountain pinebeetle( Jam Outbreak Dynam Connecting Tree-LevelPhenologyAndLands beetle assem sufficiently toaccesshealthy,large-diam within m (i.e. drought,windthrow,pathogens)increaseth access healthy,resistant,thick-phloem infesting secondarybarkbeetlesthatrestrict eruptive dynam while successfulprim population increased,attacksontreespreviously beetles correlatedwithaperiodofexceptionaldrought.Aseachm eruptions werealwaysprecededby2-3yearsof potentially predictlandscape-scaleeventsgiven local therm population growthratesabove1forseveraly from landscape-level populationgrowthrateswithR- tem now finishingintheSawtoothNationalRecreati m bridges thegapbetweenphenologypredictions environm we discussconnectingadistributionalm dem tem However, verylittleofthism history ofdem population growthrates,andthus rates f phloem predict theoccurrenceofseasonaltim gypsy m im US, andhasrecentlyexpandeditsrangein hosts inwesternNorthAm ountain pinebeetle. pacted m p p e ographic param southsidesofindividualpinesinthear erature m erature, andpopulationsuccess s Powell,UtahStateUniversityand r om tem o ental andgeneticvariability,with a th, grasshoppersandsouthernpine theliterature. ture pinestandstherebyenabli illions ofhectareslodegpolepine p b eratures lage. odels forthephloem ographic populati i cs ofm i cs: e Comment citer cedocument: ters onenvironm todeterm Where DidAllTheGreenTreesGo? Them Dendroctonus ponderosae ary attacksoflargedi ountain pinebeetlearise Outbreakpredicti erica. odel isparam odeling explic ine distributi

on m Thisinsectha uponsom inwhichb ental variable odeling, som trees. ing (Gilbertetal.2004).Thism odel as Barbara Bentz,USDAForestServiceRMRS eter tr e teri on atthelandscapescaledependspredicting ng m on ofadultem itly includestheinteractionbetweenphenology, e theirnum for insectphenology,takingfullaccountofboth de a m Eruptions occurwhenexogenousstressevents m to northernBritishColum ees andescapeinteractionwiththesecondary zed andcom am beetle) aphenologym eetles develop. s ahistoricpatternofoutbreak ears running,suggestingthatthism abrupt increasesinattacksbysecondarybark forest. Hopkins)isanoutbreakinsectinfestingpine a squared of on AreaofcentralIdaho,usingavariety m e availabilityofvigour-im andpopulationviability/growthratesfor as aconsequenceofinteractionswithbole- nifested byquantitativedependenceof ea. ountain pinebeetlepopulationstobuild colonizedbysecondarybeetlesdeclined, eter treesincreased,exponentially.The odel forpopulationsuccess. ographic m e s controllinglif ofitspecifictom Outbreak cape-Level MountainPineBeetle Aswithm bers belowthethresholdrequiredto

a ergence tim 92%usingphloem p l data. ared withdatafrom odel. Them seem e historytraits.Inthistalk a Certainlythereisalong ny outbreakinsects(e.g. odel predictsobserved odel existswhichcan s tobetheresultof es, usingdevelopm ountain pinebeetle. ountain pinebeetle b odel uses ia, whereithas p aired hosttrees inthewestern tem Thism anoutbreak p odel can eratures hourly odel ent 69

a ll webworm oody PlantGallsAffectFoliarQualityW erican chestnutwasleastpreferred.In erred byadultbeetles.Fallwebworm Moderator: L.K.Rieske-Kinney,Departm i c, andthecross-effectsoftheseinter Host Plant-mediatedPlant-insectandInsect-insectInteractions akers intwowoodyplant-gallm e caterpillars)wasevaluated.G sted withtheAsianchestnutgallwasp, erican chestnut.Thegallm susceptibilitytogeneralist herbivoresem o th growthanddevelopm Comment citer cedocument: pounds. Inthistalk,Idescri e nt ofEntom

ption wa porally segregatedherbivoresarecom akers erican o caterpillarconsum ith PotentialConsequencesForHerbivory aker logy, UniversityofKentucky ent s greatestonAm e contrast, ungalledChinesechestnutwasm aker Responsebybothherbivoresandplantsis can causephyto-horm

chestnut,caterpillarconsum nt galledtreeswasdenserandhadhighertannin ogen washigherinfoliageadjacenttogalls. didnotinf nutrient concentrationsandtheproductionof ith respecttosize,shape,relativeoccurrence, m actions arecom did notdifferbetweengalledfoliage,foliage ofEntom toherbivoryvarieswith theherbivoreand ypsy m be researchevaluatingtheextenttowhich o system th caterpillars,Japanesebeetleadults,and m ent tim o Callirhytis cornigera Drycosmus kuriphilus th caterpillars.Laterintheseason erican andChinesechestnut.Foliar o s alterthesubstratequalityforlater o th caterpillarspref e wasshortestonungalledtrees. l logy, UniversityofKentucky uence caterpillarconsum erged betweengallingcategories ption waslowestonAm erican chestnut,butungalled p lex. Therolethatprior one balancesandalter ption waslowest p , wereslowerto , thegallm lex, particularly erred Chinese ption of akers’ erican o 70 st

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). these f crown oftreestopredict subsequentdam acropetal dispersal,these studiesuseddensitiesof relationships forbothinsects(CarrollandQuiring, 1993;Johns Elucidation ofthisforagingbehaviorwasn variations inphenology(unpubl.data). an adaptationtovariationsinfoliagequality Acropetal dispersalby feed alm responsible forgeneratingthecom canadensis [Mills] B.S.P.),respectively,resultinginsignifican the crownsofwhitespruce( disperse acropetally(sensuQuiring,1993),from Tortricidae) and Butterworth, 1994;AlonsoandHerrera,1996;Holland (Denno andMcClure,1983;Clar However, m space caninteracttodeterm how heterogeneityinthedistributionofsuita in thesuitabilityoffeeding The foragingbehaviorofherbivorousinsectsisshapedbyspatialandtem of NewBrunswick Rob JohnsandDanQuiring,PopulationEcol Juvenile Insects Inf the hostplant. gallm restoration effortsfortheAm than doesChinesechestnut,andtheAsianch with thechestnutspecies.However,Am intratree heterogeneity.Late-instar extensively evaluatedforeachoftwoconifer The roleof im insects withinplants,thenitfollowsthat 1993). Ifsuchvariabilityissufficienttosi as trees,canbealm do notaddressincreasingevidencethatvariabilityw and W plications forhowweestablishsam l uence Of akers m e u lter, 1998;Scheirs rther em o st continuouslyonfoliageofnewlyburstbuds (CarrollandQuiring,1994). intraplantheterogeneityinshap caterpillars, acropetalpatternsofshoot o IntracrownHeterogeneityInFoliageQualityOnTheForagingStrategyOf a st ofthesestudieshavefocu y indirectlyaffectlateroccurringherbivoresthroughphysiologicalchangesto phasize theim Pikonema alaskensis Comment citer cedocument: o st ashighthat P. alaskensis et al ine theforagingbehavi sites (DennoandMcClure,1983).Manystudieshaveexam Picea glauca erican chestnut. portant inf ., 2000;SchiersandDeBruyn,2002;Gottard

k andMessina,1998;Stam p lim larvae, incontrast,issex-biasedandappearstorepresent p Zieraphera canadensis ling proceduresforinsectpestswithintrees. entary acropetaldispersal,thusenablingjuveniles to am l erican uence of [Moench]Voss)andblackspruce( a (Roh.) (Hym ge in ong plants(DennoandMcClure,1983;Quiring, sed onheterogeneityam ing theforagingbehaviorsofinsectshasbeen ecessary toestablishrobustdensity-defoliation gnificantly influencetheforagingbehaviorsof am ogy Group,Departm such behaviorsshouldalsohavesignificant ble resources,m chestnutappearsm theuppercrownsoftrees. Studiessuchas regeneration peststhatrespondsim The im lowerbasaltoupperapicalshoots,through ong crownlevels,independentofintratree estnut gallwaspcouldposeathreatto variabilitywithinplants, particularlylarge t dam or andperform eggsorearly-instarjuveniles inthem ithin plants,particularlylargeplantssuch developm et al plications ofthisworksuggeststhat enoptera: Tenthredinidae)juveniles a ge toapicallylocatedshoots.For p andBowers,1990;Quiring ., 2004)orplantspecies(Gratton (Mut.&Free.) et al i croclim a nce ofherbivorousinsects. ent inwhitespruceare e nt ofBiology,University o ., 2006).Toaccountfor re susceptibletogalling ong conspecificplants ate, andenem poral heterogeneity et al Picea mariana

(Lepidoptera: ., 2005)and ilarly to y-free ined i 71 d- Z.

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Scheirs, J.;DeBruyn,L.; Verhagen,R.2000.Optim Ecological Entom acceptability andsuitabilityofwhitesprucefora specialistherbivore, Quiring, D.T.;Butterworth,E.W Entom herbivory andthebehavioursurvivorship of Quiring, D.T.1993.Influenceofintra-treevariation inthetim Managem spruce sawflydensityanddefoliationonj Johns, R.C.;Ostaff,D.P.;Quiring,D.T.2006.Relationshipsbetweenyellowheaded obligately pollinatinggranivorousm Holland J.N.;Buchanan,A.L.;Loubeau,R.2004.Ov behavior inresponsetohostplantvariationaleafbeetle.Oikos109:503-512. Gottard, K.;Margraf,N.;Rasm Entom helianthi Gratton, C.;W System Denno, R.F.;McClure,M.S.1983.VariablePlants Chrysopidae) onplantswithdivergentarchitect Clark, T.L.;Messina,F.J.1998.Foragingbeha the foragingstrategyofacaterpillar.Ecology75:1978-1990. Carroll, A.L.;Quiring,D.T.1994.Intratreevariationinfoliagedevelopm shoot production.JournalofAppliedEcology30:629-639. (Lepidoptera: Torticidae)ongrowthofwhitespruce:larvaldensity-dam Carroll, A.L.;Quiring,D.T.1993.Influenceoffeedingby Ecology 84:495-502. Daphne laureola Alonso, C.;Herrera,C.M.1996.Variationinherbivorywithinandam References procedures anddensity-defoliationrelationships)forinsectpests. within plants.Suchstudiesarealsocritical plants suchastrees,indeterm o o s. NewYork:Academ logy 18:353-364. logy 27:926-935. (Diptera:Agrom e nt 228:51-60. e lter, S.C.1998.Oviposition o (Thym logy 19:230-238. Comment citer cedocument: elaeaceae): correlationwithplantsi y zidae) onnorm ic Press.

ining pattern ann, S.;Rahier . 1994.Genotype o th. E volutionary EcologyResearch6:607-618. for constructingm preference andlarvalperform s ofdistributionandabundanceherbivores viour oflacewinglarvae(Neroptera: ure. JournalofInsectBehaviour11:303-317. a uvenile blackspruce.ForestEcologyand , M.2005.Theevolutionoflarvalforaging l andnovelhostplants.Environm andHerbivoresinNaturalManaged ization ofadultperform iposition choiceandlarvalsurvivalofan and environm Zeirapheracanadensis ing ofbudburston ze andarchitecture.Journalof a nagem ent interacttoinfluence Zieraphera canadensis ong plantsof e Zeiraphera canadensis nt plans(i.e.,sam ent influences a a age anddam nce of nce . Ecological Liriomyza p ental a ling ge- 72 .

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). resin system cell wall-boundsecondary m characterized byahypersensitive response,accom insects inthecourseoftheirlonglifespans. Conifer treeshaveevolvedtowithstandac Pierliugi Bonello,Dept.ofPlantPa The NatureAndEcologicalIm typographus m phenolics didnotdifferbetweentreatm higher concentrationofterpenesthanuntreated of beetles wereattractedtoconspecificstunnelingin per beetlewerealsosignificantlylowerinm galleries andfewereggsdeposited.Thenum typographus beetle). Barksectionsof (Norway spruce)treesandtest plant defenseresponses,tom defensive rolesundernaturalconditions.W infestation bybarkbeetlesandphytopathogenicf The terpenoidandphenolicconstituentsof Institute forChem Norwegian ForestResearchInstitute,Gazm Policy &Managem Nadir Erbilgin,DivisionofOrganism And ReducesHostColonizationByTheBarkBeetle Exogenous ApplicationOfMethylJasm foraging ofgregariouscaterpillars.Ecology7:1031-1039. Stam oviposition theoryinplant-insectresearch. Scheirs, J.,andDeBruyn,L.(2002)IntegratingOptim 267: 2065-2069. determ e P. abies thyl jasm p, N.E.;Bowers,M.D.1990.Variationin ine hostchoiceinagrassm treatedwithm . Allofthesedefensesare inducib colonizationandreproduction. colonizationthanbarksectionsinthe onate-treated barkcouldbedirectlyresponsible fortheobserveddecreasein ical Ecology Comment citer cedocument: e nt, Universityof e thyl jasm P. abies e plications OfDiseaseResistanceInPine tabolites, pathogenesi a nipulate th

their resistancetoattackby thology, TheOhioStateUniversity i ner. Proceed onate hadanincr s andEnvir treated withm e California, Berkeley,PaalKrokene, onate nts. The conif Oikos e biochem Theinterfacebetweenhostandpathogenisoften end Zeneli,and e onstant onslaughtofattacksbypathogensand bers us le bothlocallyandsystem Elicits DefensesInNorwaySpruce( e t e ings oftheRoyalSocietyLondonBritain . 96:187-191. hyl jasm food qualityandtem onm rs ed m sections, whereastheconcentrationofsoluble m increased am p ungi, butithasbeendifficulttoprovethese of beetlesthatem anied bytheaccum have beenim e Ips typographus s-related proteins,andinduction ofthe eased num ent, Departm thyl jasm i al foragingandoptim e e stry andanatom thyl jasm thyl jasm controls andexhibitedshorterparental onate-treated bark.Inaddition,fewer

Jonathan Gershenzon,MaxPlanck Ips typographus onate-treated bark.Stem ount ofterpenoidresinpresentin ber oftraum plicated inprotectingtreesf onate, awell-knowninducerof onate hadsignif e nt ofEnvironm erged andm p u y ofm erature constrainsthe ically. Howdothese lation ofsolubleand al a tic resinductsanda

Erik Christiansen, a (thesprucebark ture e i an dryweight ental Science, cantly less Picea Abies Picea abies sections 73 r om I. I. )

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stateofknowledgewithspecificreferenceto r m havior andperform odel thatisam enable tom a nce, particularlyfrom a nipulation and ic induced 74 a Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Agronom 2 1 Ste. Marie,ON,Canada P6A 2E5 Jean-Noël Candau* change Forecasting sprucebudworm conflicting m is tocreateandm Locally” toreducetheim biologists andresponsiblecitizens,weshould outbreaks, wem f and sizeclassdistributions,m Practicing goodsilviculturebym ecology tom difficult ifnotim parts tosom Forests arecom forest environm urban-wildland interfaces.Clim to m forest m sam change. Inaddition,m Over thosetim of treesorrotationsm uncertainty. Trees,thedom Managing forestsandtheinsectsthatinhabitthem Darrell W Managing ForestsToPreventInsectOutbreaksInAChangingW u GreatLakesForestResearch Centre,Canadian UnitédeRecherchesForestièresMéditerranéennes, InstitutNationaldelaRecherche ture insectoutbreaks.Inouref e Moderators: Tom o periods.Forexam re diversegoalsofrestoration,ecological Global Warming:AConversationAboutManagementIssuesandResponses a nagem ique, AvenueA.Vivaldi,84000Avignon,France . Ross,Departm e a extent.Predictinghowthesesy a nagem intain foreststandsandlandscapes e periods,m p ent. e u lex aswelldynam nt onpubliclandsofthePaci possible. However,wecan st considertheforestfrom 1 Comment citer cedocument: , RichardA.Flem a e Eager,USDAForestService,FHP,andBillMattson, intain healthy,resilientforestecosystem nt objectivesandlandownerships. a ple, injustthepasttw a pacts ofhum nagem e naged forestsrange nt ofForestScience,OregonStateUniversity inant featurethatdefi a ( ny aspectsofthe Choristoneura fumiferana e

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all practicetheconceptof“ThinkGlobally,Act fic Northwestfrom inta useexistingknowledgeofinsectbiologyand the individualtreetolandscapescale.As stem from

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p of aforestecosystem that areatalowriskoffutureoutbreaks. s willrespondtowarm is aninherentlyriskybusinesswithlotsof severaldecadestohundredyears. ly anothervariableaddedtothedynam o rests thatareresistanttof ) im pacts inthecontextof a y shiftsignificantlyoverthose s withintheconstraintsof o aheavyem rld ent. Ourgreatestchallenge a intaining appropriateage interactwithallother een StreetEast,Sault ing tem phasis ontim ic environm atic changein u p clim ture insect eratures is atic ents ber 79 i c

o liation f o liate odel (1967-1998). Itrelatesthenorthernandsouthern r , beyondthelim position, clim e ofsprucebudworm d atleastonceincreases.Theprojectionsalso quencies increasinginthenorthanddecreasing defoliation inareaswhereoccurred

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Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). large sprucebeetleoutbreaks inwesternNorth instantaneous rateofpopulation increaserelative the m developed ontheunivoltinecyclewerefoundto be cool tem unusually warm Although sprucebeetle( Matthew Hansen,USDAForestService Spruce BeetleAndClim across will discusstotaloutbreakarea,presentlandscap that quantifiestreem across thewesternUnitedStates. warm whitebark pineforests.Modelresultsdrivenby services toecosystem outbreak inthesef ecosystem severe infestationofm High-elevation whitebarkpineforestsinth States, extensivebarkbeetleoutbreaksinrecent Insect outbreaksaresignificantforestdisturbances Jeffrey A.Hicke,ColoradoStateUniver.andJesse Pine Forests Monitoring AndForecastingMountainPineBee adelgid) andJoeElkinton(browntailm Hicke(m years andwillaf inaccessible duetoclim changes insynchronywithnaturalenem expansion of growing seasonwithm Global warm Effects ofTemperatureandGlobalWarmingonPopulationEcologyForestInsects ing athighelevationswillincreasethear o re typicalsem ountain pinebeetle),MattHansen(spr p eratures canresultinathreeyearcycle).Under laboratoryconditions,beetlesthat s areassociatedwithunusuallyhi geographicoraltitudinalrange ing hasalreadyhadm the tem f Moderator: JosephElkinton,UniversityofMassachusetts o ect m rests m Comment citer cedocument: p eratures canacceleratedeve i s andhum voltine cycle.Thus,bee ountain pinebeetle( ate: LifeCycleEcology,PopulationDynam atic lim a landscape ny species.Speakersw a Dendroctonus rufipennis a jor im y constituteathreat o rtality using2.4- itation. Thesech

ans. pacts onm W easurable e e Herewe alsodesc o th). with Dendroctonus ponderosae e RockyMountainshaveexperiencedarecent ies andexposureoftreespeciespreviously a s, outbreakscausedbychangesinvoltinism

tles withtheunivoltinecyclehavetwice Am ny im ea suitableform gh tem to akeystonespeciesthatprovidessignif clim ffects onwintertem uce beetle),AnnieParadis(hem ribe arem discuss twostudiesrelatedtooutbreaksin anges arelikelytoaccelerateinthecom to beetleswiththese tle OutbreaksInHighElevationW years havekilledthousandsofhatrees. e patterns,andassesshowm ho haveagreedtoparticipateincludeJef lopm intheUnitedStates.Inwestern m erica havecoincidedwith unusuallywarm ) typicallyhasasem reproductivelyequivalenttobeetleswith spatialresolutionim ate changeprojectionssuggestthatfuture portant forestinsects.Theseinclude ent toaunivoltinecycle(also,usually p respect eratures. A. o te sensingstudyincentralIdaho Logan, ountain pinebeetleoutbreak Increasingprobabilityof i cs, AndSpruceMortality p m USDA eratures andlengthof ). to i voltine cycle.Recent Outbreaksinthese i voltine lif Forest o agery. rtality varies lock woolly topography. e cycle, h Service itebark W i cant i 81 ng e f ,

l ock woollyadelgid, p erature during2003-04,howeverth e i d experim nter Tem i nter Tem e testedwhetherBTMm o rtality wassignificantlyhigher Comment citer cedocument: ean andm p e eratures onTheNort p p ntal m eratures onTheSurviv eratures m Adelges tsugae ent theim a i e nipulations in nim

Osaka,alo coastalareasinfe o o rtality andsist rtality duringthewinter. a u y havec m winterte o rtality is species whoseabundancedecreasesfollowingtheir pacts ofcoldtem e infestedthispastyear(2005). hern SpreadOfHem e linkbetweentheseoutbreaksandthewarm Annand,wasoriginallyintroducedtotheeastern ontributed tothedocum studiedshouldstopexpandingifpopulations olated coastallocations(CapeCod,MA,and wland regionofJapan.Theinsectreached Cape Codandconducted fieldsurveysinboth er thanpredictedbasedonadelgidspreadrates nter tem is correlationwasnotfoundduring2004-05. ease calculatedusingsurvivalandfecundity m al AndDeclineOfTheInvasiveBrowntail ens’ fecundityweresignificantlycorrelated ited Statesin1897.Ithadspreadthroughout y, inlandpopulationsoccurasfarnorth during thefirstwinterstudytookplace. densityperwinterweb andbothfall r overtentotwelveyears.Furtherm higher ininlandversuscoastalhabitats,and sted asfarnorthMaine.Asingletownin p theedgeofrangeinsouthernNew eratures, aswelltheabsolutem er, itsinvadedrangecontracteduntilit

University of whichtreesdiewithinfourtosixyears, p eratures m Compsilura concinnata p eratures onadelgidsurvival, o l ock W th MassachusettsandDylan Euproctis chrysorrhoea ented rangecontraction. a y alsorestrictBTM oolly Adelgid

Unlike hem hasbeen i ore, the nim l ock ing u 82 m ,

and contractionphasesofBTMinvasion ecords f

o treatm tal populationsforboththeexperim coastal versusinlandhabitats,andatdif rtality waslowerincoastalversusinland e ntal overwinteringm o e r whetherwintertem nts. Therewasnodifferenceinm e nt andintheCapeCodsurvey. o rtality wasaffected p eratures correlate f e e rent ntal ean 83 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

adjunctus, D.woodi outbreak were thousand hectareswere affectedbybarkbeetles.Them im More than2.1m Alberto SedilesJaén.UniversidadNacionalAgraria, Nicaragua Structure AndOtherFactorsInfluencingDistur Southern PineBeetleOutbreaksInCentral Speakers/topics included: participants attendedthissession. f populations inNorthAm reforestation/afforestation. Thissessionexam m forest types,thedistributionandabundanceof epidem factor exacerbatingpopulationeruptionsandim been unprecedented.Thereiscom During recentdecades,thesizeandseverityofbarkbeetleoutbreaksinNorthAm Status ofNorthAmericanBarkBeetles:An o Moderators: JoelMcMillin,USForestServiceandAllanCarroll,CanadianService, a rest susceptibilityinthenum pacted bybarkbeetlesfrom nagem 4. 3. 2. 1. ics requirebothfavorableclim tenure inthecurrentoutbreak. BC) Them beetles ofwesternCanada. Effects ofaltereddisturbanceregim structure andotherfactorsinfluencingdist Bark beetleoutbreaksinponderosapinefore factors influencingdisturbanceregi Southern pinebeetleoutbreaksinCentralAm Tom Brian Aukem Steve Taylor(NaturalResourcesCanada, Alberto Sediles(UniversidadNacionalAgrariadeNicaragua,Nicaragua). e nt practicesincludingwildfire Eager(USFSForestHealthProtection,Gunnison,CO). Dendroctonus frontalis illion outof4.4m ountain pinebeetleinBritishColu Comment citer cedocument: a , anewspeciesdeclared tobeinBelize, (NaturalResourcesCanada, erica andexploredthe

1962–2001. erous large-scalebarkbeetleoutbreaks.Morethan70 Pacific ForestryCentre p elling eviden illion hectares ate consideredtobethe m m and e e s on s insubtropicalpineforests. Am thropogenic ImpactstoForestSusceptibility

aprofusionofsuitablehosttrees.Inm bance Regim suppression,selectiveharvestingand During2000through2001,m pact potential roleofanthropogenicalterationsto suitablehostshasbeenaffectedbyforest erica TheNicaraguaCase:RoleOfForest urbance regim ined thestatusoferuptivebarkbeetle the outbreakdynam ce im Canadian ForestService,Victoria,BC) Canadian ForestService,PrinceGeorge, ofpineinCentralAm s. However,landscape-scalebarkbeetle sts andpiñonwoodlands:roleofforest er m ica: roleofforeststructureandother plicating clim b ia: roleofforeststructureandland e a ns InSubtropicalPineForest in beetlesinvolvedduring the e s inthesouthwesternUS. o Ipscalligraphus,and I. st im i ate changeasacausal cs oftheprim portant species, erica havebeen o re than87 erica has ary bark D. a 84 ny Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). annual losses. m outbreaks ofsprucebeetle.Itrem trend wasnotreflectedinthedatarepresen harvesting, fire,andinsectsdiseasecom nearly alloftheRockyMountainStatesannua Rocky Mountainstendtobeinthem Inventory andAnalysis(FIA)revealsthatm contributed totheam this m the m since theyear2000.Cum The centralRockyMountainshaveexperienced ponderosa pineactivityandpiñonips/outbreak. interactions, thispresentationexam these outbreaks.Thisphenom evident thatstandconditionshavealsoplayed been tiedtodroughtconditionsthathaveoccurre throughout westernNorthAm W Tom Structure AndOtherFactorsInfluencingDi Bark BeetleOutbreaksInPonderosaPineFo likely occurm susceptibility topestshaslikelyincreased,andasaconsequence,barkbeetlesoutbreakwill span. Becauseim im first beetlefocusspotof30hectareswasdet higher than35squarem outbreak startedanddissem Mitch whichreachedacategory5(windspeedshi season in1998,andadestructivehurricane1998–thelargestbeingHurricane periods causedbyElNiñothroughtheyear could havestronglyaffectedpi im and unm include: droughtperiods,frequent these recentlarge-scaleoutbreaks,som the outbreakfrom grandicollis ountain pinebeetleinthe otherstateswill ithin thepastfiveyears,widespreadand plem pact foresthealthcouldbeinfluencingrecentobservedoutbreaks.Threenaturalfactorsthat Eager,ForestHealthManagem o o rtality hasexceeded90%ofthestandingvol rtality hassparkedoffbyseveralcons ented was18m anaged stands,anddelayedstartingofth . SpecificallyinthecaseofNicaragua o re frequentlyandbem proper forestm 2000toDecem Comment citer cedocument: ount ofbarkbeetleactiv onths. Morethan? e ters/hectare and900pine u latively, severalm i nated indense,unm erica. W ne foresthealthcam

a ber 2001.Although enon hasbeenobservedinseveralbarkbeetle/host nagem a forestfires,storm ins tobeseen e nt, ined the o a h re destructivetotheforestsinCentralAm ture to e ile theons Rocky MountainRegion,USDAForestService e com nt strate hectar s 1994-1995and1997-1998,anunusualforestfire sturbance Regim reduce thedifferencebetween annualgrowthand b o extensive barkbeetleoutbreakshaveoccurred in ecutive yearsofdrought,standconditionshave ected andtowhenarealcontrolprogram illion acreshavebeenim a m m rests AndPiñonW st ting thestateofUtahduetorecentsevere over-m ed) throughoutthepastseveraldecades.This interactions ofthem ity. ReviewofthedatacollectedbyForest l growthhasexceededannuallosses(dueto oftheforestedlandsthroughoutcentral on d duringthesam asignificantlossofm an e controlactivities;factorsthatbecausethey iftherecenthighlevelsofm gies haveoccurredthroughtheyears,forest es wereim gher than155m a treesperhectare.Thetim et oftheselargelandscapescaleeventshas som jor roleintheinitiationandprogressionof aged pinestandswithaveragebasalareas factors observedinyearspriortoattack e inthem um andhurricanes,resinextraction,dense there isnotyetaproperexplanationfor ature age/sizeclasses.Inaddition,in e e. W 31,747hectareswereaffectedduring e pacted duringthis1.5yeartim s InSouthwesternUS h ile itisapparentthatm i ddle nineties:severedrought e ph). Itwasdetectedthatthe tim oodlands: RoleOfForest efram ountain pinebeetle/ pacted; insom a ture ponderosapine e e from , ithasalsobeen o rtality dueto erica. whenthe e u cases ch of was 85 e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). m characteristics alsoprovidesbenefitsbyspread only dem as wellincreasingindividualhostdefenses. m can alsoprovidesom tend toconcentratetheiractivityonspecifichost provide strongprotectionagainstagivendam destructive agent.Sincescolytidsarerelativelyhostspecific,speciesm landscape heterogeneity,whichiscriticaltothe factors canbem can bem to susceptibilityofpotentialhostsbarkbeetle However, itisim beetles. question thevalueofstandm viewed asresistanthostsinnearbystands.In bark beetlethatwereproducedinsusceptible norm sm classif Once theselargescaleeventswereunderway,significantnum event” thatinitiatedlargescaleoutbreaks,and num conditions inprom Both thepiñonpineandponderosasitu classes. were fairlyhom piñon. Thesecondm m the affectedareasdocum throughout theirrange.Monitoringofthesitua and som areas experiencingm only wasthescaleofoutbreakextraordinar occurred insixstates(NewMexico,Colorado, num throughout theSouthwestoverpastseveral An unprecedentedoutbreakofpiñonipshasresulte i a o xes ofstandandhosttreecharacteristics. aller thanwhatisconsideredsusceptible,as nagem rtality, therewouldbeasubstantialliving ber oftreesinan“atrisk”condition, bers swelleddram a lly beresistanttobarkbeetleattack.Inbothcases,itappearedthatthesheernum i ed as“notsusceptible”werekilledbyba e a e layobserverswereconcernedthat onstrated physiologicaladvantagesto nipulated bym nt cancontributetothedefenseof ogeneous, withasignificantnum portant topointoutthedem a nipulated bym ulgating barkbeetleactivit Comment citer cedocument: o a rtality exceeding90%.Thepublicreactiontothism atically followingasevere jor findingofthem e m ented thefactthatwhile a nagers arespeciesm easure ofprotecti a nagem

a nagers inordertoobtainahighdegreeofstandand e nt andsilvicultureasatoolwithwhichtom onitoring e ons potential hostsbyalteringstandcharacteristics on. Finally,theprovenbenefitsofdensity residual throughoutm the greatm adverse weatherregim y, buttheintensitywasim a bark beetleactivityoccurredoverlargeareas. ing riskoflossovernum wellasstandswithlowstockingthatwould standswereabletooverwhelm i Collectively,thesethreefactorsprovidenot y. Inbothcases,therewereasubstantial tion byForestHealthProtectionunitswithin Arizona, Utah,NevadaandCalifornia).Not som gi x, agedistributionandstanddensity.These droughtin2002resultinganoutbreakthat ber potentialshost,butm s. Thethreefactorsofstandconditionsthat life stages,avarieddistributionofhostages trated strengthofstandfactorswithregards m som ng agent.Sim rk beetles.Thisincludedtreesthatwere ations havehighlightedtheroleofstand a years. Thism of nagem d inthedeathofm ffort wasthatm e stem casesthishasledsom e localesexperiencedseverelevelsof a e jority ofpiñonwerebeingkilled s inthem nt ofrisklossduetoanyone bers oftreesthatcouldbe ilarly, becausebarkbeetles u o o a ltivoltine barkbeetle’s st ofthedistribution st oftheaffectedstands e ture tooverm providedthe“trigger illions ofpiñontrees a erous categoriesand nipulation ofstand pressive withm o rtality wasstrong, a e nipulation can observersto whatwere a nage bark a ture age ber of a ny 86

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). W distribution (from occur independentlyofstandage,forestag decreasing withm stands. Firedisturbanceratesweregenerally im rate ofwildfiredisturbancecontrolledtheirage-classdistribution.Thishasim forests inB.C.,respectively.Theseforesttypes 12%, and9%oflodgepolepine,subalpinefir, and 2005,surveyrecordsindicatethatMPB, Outbreaks ofthesespecieshaveprofoundecologicalandeconom ( Dryocoetes confusus) (and thedistributionoftheirprim elevational –latitudinalrangesfollowinganin In BritishColum Canadian ForestService,PacificForestryCentre Steve TaylorandAllanCarroll Disturbance, HostAge,AndBarkBeetleOutbreakDynam incorporated historicalstandreplacingdistur constructed asim whether achangingdisturbanceregim industrial developm is believedtohavebecom account forapotentially warm cohorts aresignificantly depleted.4)Thereisa How willcurrentbarkbeetleoutbreaksaf Is thespatialcontiguityofsusceptiblestands of barkbeetleoutbreaksforforestplanningpur Som particularly form average ageofforeststandsandtheam disturbance rates.Reducedratesapp increases inratesofforestharvesting,resu and subalpinefirforestsbetween19202000 rates declinedsubstantiallyininteriorDougl regulated bynaturaldisturbancestoaconditi indicate thattheforestsinB.C.area com distribution ofhostspecieswithecologicalzone periods from MPB ildfire suppressionbeganinB.C.,asm plications tohostavailabilitybarkbeetles p e lete forestinventoryofB.C.andrunretr criticalissuesthatarosefrom Dendroctonus ponderosae 1920-2000foreachhostspecies, b ountain pinebeetle. awaitingtim p ia, fourm ean tem le foreststandpopulationagedynam ent, allowedforanincrease Comment citer cedocument:

spruce beetle(SB p e a increasinglyeffec erature tocooler jor eruptivebarkbeetlespeciesoccupydistinctbutoverlapping ing clim e distribution)resultinginm

) andDouglas-firbeetle(DFB ary hosts)intheseries:westernbalsam thisworkwere:1)Canwedefinestatisticalhazard rates ate. e hasaf ount Dendroctonus rufipennis) u f transitional statefrom e classstructurefollowsanegativeexponential lting inanoverallreductionstand-replacing ect ch ofwesternNorthAm im as fir,lodgepolepine,white/Engelm on regulatedbyforestharvesting.Annualburn bance rates(wildfire,logging)during20year white/Engelm W northerly higherelevations.W higheratwarm ospectively. Theresultsof tive overtim which pref portant forbarkbeetlepopulationgrowth? f poses oraretheyinherentlyunpredictable? of susceptiblehostforbarkbeetlesinBC, are m need toincorporateclim BB, SB,andDFBhaveaffected66%,57%, f ected hostavailabilityf creasing m s affectedbybarkbeetles,derivedfrom ear tohavecontributedanincreaseinthe u in forestharvesting.Inordertoexam ture outbreakpotentialif and havenotbeenwhollysupplantedby and wasinitiatedwiththecurrentage a inly of i i erentially attacklarger,olderf cs m cs InBritishColum o ann spruceforest,andDouglasfir ean annualtem re youngthanold-agedstands. e. Thishas,inpart,alongwith wildf odel. Thissim er southerlylowelevations, Dendroctonus ic im anunm i re origin;historically,the , erica inabout1900,and m pacts. Between1960 barkbeetle(W ate inriskm o ountain pinebeetle r barkbeetles,we thesesim anaged condition p susceptibleage erature gradient b h u ia

ponderosae ere wildfires lation m ann spruce odels to u portant lations BBB o odel the rest 3) ine 2) 87 ).

p furtherreveal arily starte e thecu ountain pi . Taylor p

Raffa,Departm rrent outbreaksolelyonlandtenureasan Mountain PineBeetleOutbreakInBritish ri atially disjunctareas.Second,wesoughtto m break usingaerialsurveyassessm e southernportionoftheprovince.These d inonearea,orwhethertheoutbreakbegan iversity of tions. Plottingthegeographicallocationsof ed thatm sed ofthreeconservationparksandadjacent e outbreakoccurredfirstinanareaofwest- ForestService,JunZhu,Departm b across theprovince.Eachpatternshareda by am e ation withparksasthewest-centralareaof W ia, Canada.W ith landtenuresthathistoricallyhadlittle , PacificForestryCentre,CanadianForest ne beetleorotherdisturbanceagents,such nt ofForestEcologyandManagem Dendroctonus ponderosae e hadtwogoals.First,wesoughtto u ltitude of a NorthernBritishColum ny localizedinfestationseruptedin e nt ofEntom e bioticandabioticf presentalandscape-level e seriesfrom

o logy, University Hopkinsnow cells,were ents oftree b ia, Allan 1990to a e ctors, nt of e nt, 88

and theresourceconcentration hypothesis.Thes theoretical approacheshave beentheori theoretical andem focused ontheeffectofhabitatfragm Forest insectsexistinspatiallyheterogeneous environm Andrew M.Liebhold,USDAForestServi The VariedEffectsOfHabitatFragm over largeregions. m characterized bydifferentpatternsoffragm and increasinglyhom connectivity. Forestedlandscapesarebecom im everywhere becauseofthedem forest edgeisim in m m forest areaiswithinabout100m and trendsoffragm m m perforation) increaselandscapeheterogeneitya Forest parcelization(legalsubdivision) Southern ResearchStation Kurt Riitters,USDAForestService The PhysicalEvidenceOfForestFragm insect researchscientists,foresthealthspecialists,andlandowners. m populations, andtheirhostsinvaryingways,whichturnisresultingm physical attributesassociatedwiththesecha high populations,andlandownershippatterns The forestsinNorthAm a a a o itigate andm portant, thenitisalsoim nagem ps derivedfrom nagem re than1000m Effects ofForestFragmentationandOw o stly-forested landscapessothatforestlandiswell-connectedoververylargeregions.If e e nt needs,options,andthedecision- nt situations.Thesechangesportendm a nage fragm e portant toinsectpopula pirical approachestounderstanding theroleoffragm rem ters from e Comment citer cedocument: ntation. Fo ogeneous overlargeregions, Moderator: R.ScottCam o erica arerapidlybecom te sensingprovideac e forestedge.Atthe ntation willneedtobetailoredlocalconditions andapplied portant everyw onstrated physical

rest fragm e ters offorest e ntati e Management es ofislandbiogeography, m e ntation: GeographicStatusAndTrends ce, NortheasternResearchStation nta on OnForestInsectPopulationDynam e tion dynam ntation issocom and fragm tion oninsectdynam e nership ChangeonForestPestsandTheir nt i

e onsistent basisforassessinggeographicstatus nges areaffectingforestecosystem ng here becauseofthedem m nd theareaofinterfacezones,affectingland ron, InternationalPaper i ation. Landscapem edge,andsopervasivethatlessthan1%is ng m sam a are changingatanastoundingrate.The king process.Recentnationalland-cover increasingly heterogeneousatlocalscales exposure toedge.Ifforestconnectivityis e theoriespredictthat fragm yet dif a e

o jor challengesinthefutureforforest tim re fragm e i cs, thenitispotentiallyim ntation (physicalsubdivisionand f ents andconsiderableinteresthas e, three-quartersofallforestexists e rent regionsof m on thatatleastone-halfofall e nted, especiallyinareasnear i cs. HereIreviewboth a nagem e tapopulation ecology, e ntation. Them thenationarestill onstrated physical e nt strategiesto o e i cs re com ntation can s , insect portant p a lex jor 89 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). increased incidenceofdam Fragm Jam Conflict InTheSouth Chicken Farm landowners, andincentivesforkeepinglandincontiguous forestcover. should bepursued.Alsoneededareforum W benefits withbroadappeal.Strategiesfor W forest health(includinguseofm To dealwiththesechallenges,creativestra scenarios arepresented. landowning partiesinvolvedincreases.Exam usually preferablewhenm Making andim boundaries, raisingissuesofm parceled landscapeof applications) canbeexpensive,dangerous,and/ prevention orsuppressiontechniques(suchas environm the lim or expensivetoconduct,becauseoperatorsm into sm presents anum The ever-increasingfragm Forestry Albert (Bud)Mayfield,Florida Som of thedifficultyindifferentiatingcausationfrom m fragm budm effect offragm e.g., behaviorofnaturalenem population responsesdependuponm either increaseordecreasepopulationstability echanism h U enever possible,foresthealthissuesshoul e I tractsm e s R.Meeker,USDAForestService–FHP oth. Thesefieldstudiesconfirm ChallengesToManagingForestHealthInAFragm e e ntation caneitherintensifyordim nted forestlandscoupled withchangesin aller parcels,health-enhancingtreatm ited volum ents, thecreationofwhichoftenaccom s . Thesetypesofstudiesarepartic o s, PineTrees,AndPitchCanke ber ofchallengestom re practicalandeconom e plem ntation onpopulationsofperiodi e harvestedonasm enting m Comment citer cedocument: m u e a ltiple ownerships,f ntation andparcelizati a naging forforesth ged anddeadpine a nagem ies, etc).Ialso

Depart. ofAgricultureandConsum a nagem a e a ss m thegeneral nt decisions naging forfo a ical (suchas ny factorsre e nt liabilityandsom e s dia all tr i m thatencouragecom nish e tegies foreducatingprivatelandownersabout a ealth) becom a nts (likethinnings)canbecom d bepresentedinthecontextofm o ples king forestm ularly difficulttodesignandinterpretbecause reviewedseveralstudiesthatfocusedonthe s adjoiningpoultryhouses invariousareasof y and directm or deem rest pestscaneasilyspreadacrossproperty thepoultryindustryhave recentlyspurredan correlation. forestinsectpopulationsviaavarietyof act. Inwildland-urbaninterface(W not beabletorecouptheirfixedcostsfrom r: Fragm on ofprivateforestlandintheUnitedStates p cal cicadas,foresttentcaterpillarandlarch and/orpopulationlevels,andthatthese pattern from at “landscape”or“ecosystem anies fragm rest health.Asforestsbecom harvests, prescribedburns,orpesticide from jointcontractingorcost-shareprogram lated tothespecificpopulationsystem ed sociallyunacceptable.Inahighly Floridathatillustratesom e nted Landscape e e s m a ntation SpurringConcernAnd a nagem theoreticalstudies,nam e ilings) shouldbeconsidered. e o ntation, traditionalforestpest tim m re com unication betweenadjacent es resultinginlitigation. e er Services,Divisionof nt practicesonsm p lex asthenum e m ” scales(asis e o fragm re difficult a e nagem ofthese e ly that ber of all or e nted UI) e 90 nt s) s

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Barnard, E.L.;Lopez-Zam References: solutions tom of theproblem industry. Atthisjuncture,m productivity oftheNation’sforests’resultin people.”, extrem m societal benefitstothecom suggesting thepossibilityofm processing plantsinthecityofForesthasinitiatedim In addition,theinternationalcorporationthat uses convergeisalarm the potentialforfutureproblem hazard forsouthernpinebeetle,servingasani pine standsinnum scattered throughouttheforestbounds,surroundso m nearly 300separatepoultryfarm problem various locationsadjoiningchickenfarm levels ofpitchcanker-relateddam (population 6,000),whichishom 180,000 acofforestlandm exists apatchworkofpublicandprivateow (NF) incentralMississippi.W A uniquem m canker infection,severity,andassociatedtree relationship betweennitrogenloadingfrom circinatum have beenduetoelevatedlevelsof the SoutheasternGulfCoastalPlain(e.g.,FL,GA, a a easurable influenceupto500+m kes achievem ny ofwhichexhibitedm Consum plantations. ExecutiveSum and theirinfluenceontheim Vasquez G.2005.Spatialevaluationofn wascursorilyexam NirenbergandO' a nif itigate undesirableim (e.g.,im er Services,DivisionofForestry.37p. e ely challenging,particularlyif station of e nt oftheForestService’s erous places.W Comment citer cedocument: i ng. pacts tootherresources thisproblem o u m Donnell. Recentresearchfrom o ra, I.;Bliss,C. a ined. The1996digitizedaerialim ltiple rearinghouses naged bytheForestService,andm re researchis unity derivedfr o s todevelopwh

ithin the s withinor re poultryhouses e toalargepou a e ge andtreem pacts, beforem ters (Barnardetal.2005). ith 140,000acof m pitch cankerdisease,causedbythefungus a pact hascr ry Report. s in 357,000 acreproclam required tobetterunderstandthenatureandscope M.; Com neighboring theboundsofNFtenyearsago, em of pitchcankerinslashpine( pou 2004, thepotentialscopeandm nerships andvariouslanduses,includingthe eated concernontheBienvilleNationalForest om ndicator oftheresourceatrisktopitchcanker, adverseactions/im m such aswaterquality),andtodevelopsuitable ploys approxim ere thesetwodifferentownershipsandland efforts ‘tosustainthehealth,diversityand o m o thevariousfacetsofthispoultryindustry ateachlocation.Poultryhouseswere/are ltry processingfacility.W ltry housesandincreasedlevelsofpitch LA,MS).Thenatureofthetreeproblem rtality becam tto of“Caringforthelandandserving o itrogen em o tocom re seriousconsequencesarise. rtality inadjoiningpinestands,witha Florida Departm m e theNFclassifiedasm rford, N.B.;Jokela,E.;Grunwald,S.; e disjunctiveparcelsofNF,andabut provem e Floridahasdem . Theeconom issions from e apparentontheBienvilleat a a e tely 1,700peopleatthelocal tion boundaryofthisforest nts toincreaseproduction, agery ofthearearevealed pacts onthelocalpoultry e nt ofAgricultureand unicipality ofForest poultryoperations ic andassociated onstrated adirect h a oderate tohigh Pinus elliottii en undesirable gnitude ofthis Fusarium 91 s ) Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). techniques. both destructivesam of EABiscom that EABm “natural” ashcorridorsinterspersedthroughout draining. Thenetresultisahighlyfragm ash isabletosurviveonawiderangeofsite support suburbandevelopm Swam vulnerability toEAB.Muchof The streettree(planted)ofchoiceisoften1 areas, m neighborhoods thatpenetratewoodlandareas. Ash treedensityisrelativelyhighinthis large extentanurbanruralinterfaceorwildlandinterface. Detroit ischaracterizedbyam insufficient anddifficultnatureofvisual m visual inspectionofexitholestunedupaninitialestim After theinitialfindinCantonMichigan parcelization com hypothesis ispresentedthatforestfragm planipennis a successfulestablishm first discoveredinCanton,Michigan2002,hassp for theestablishm Evidence ispresentedthatcharacterizesthegr Frank J.Sapio,USDAForestService,HealthTechnologyEnterpriseTeam Planipennis, The InfluenceOfForestFragm iles. Thislaterturnedouttobeasignificantunderestim p” intheoriginallandsurveynotes.Thisform a ny of (EAB)representsanarealargerthatthelowerpeninsulaofMichigan.A oves alongthese“ashcorridors”m Establishm them p licated bythelargenum p ent ofEm licates EABregulatoryandcontrolactivities. Comment citer cedocument: riparian,thatusuallyhavehighdensitiesof p ling andtreerem ent AndMovem ent inMetroDetroit.Thecurrentdam erald AshBorer ent. Ashdensityre i xture ofUrbana

e thegreaterDe ntation A e nt ber offorestandshadetreelandownersim oval, EAB survey.MuchtheareasurroundingMetro nd ParcelizationOnEm e in 2002,thefirstdelim Agrilus planipennis nt interface areacharacterizedbylargesuburban ation prom e

eater Detroitareaasanoptim s f ovi nted landscapewithplantedgreenashand 5varietiesofgreenashproventohavehigh nd ruralenvironm m troit areawasterm both “stateoftheart”EABm Most backyardsuptom SE LowerMichigan.Evidenceispresented r a ng from om ined highinthesewoodedareasasgreen read successfullyto4statesasaresultof thewettesttoverydry,evenaf ate ofpopulationrange1800square otes EABhabitatandspread ate oftheEABfootprintdueto hosttreetotree.Managem (Fairm o nativegreenandblackash. st parthasbeendrainedto ent andrepresentstoavery ed the“TheInterm erald AshBorer, iting surveybasedupon a ging rangeof aire). Thisexoticpest, al “landingsite” e

sic wooded a nagem Agrilus Agrilus pacting inable e e ter 92 nt nt

DIRECT TACTICSINFORESTINSECTMANAGEMENT Comment citer cedocument:

93 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

treating infestedtrees,and felledtrap-treesduringoutbreaks.W prom m Traditional recom stocked standswithahighcom interferes withresourcem population density.HighDouglas-firbeetle outbreaks, ordroughtcancreateanabundanceof stressed trees.However,periodicdisturbances Most ofthetim Abstract Darrell W MCH: ABarkBeetlePherom sem Division (7511C)]onthem 4. RussellJones[Environm sem 3. Jim disruption researchanditsuseinoperationalpestm 2. KevinThorpe(USDA,AgriculturalResearch research onMCHanditsim 1. DarrellRoss(OregonStateUniversity,Departm The speakerswere: technologies. developm The intentofthissessionwastoproduce logistic concerns,regulatoryandlegislativehur full registrationandutilizationofsuchtechnology.Item pest m is thatfewoperationalproductsarisefrom One ofthelargestproblem Organized by:ChristopherJ.Fettig(PSW Hurdling OverObstaclesTow o rtality includedharvesting m i i ochem ochem pt salvageofdeadanddying trees,fire a nagem Heath(HerconEnvironm ent ef . Ross,Departm i i cal technologies. cal pestm e nt. Inthisworkshop,participantsdiscussedm f o e Douglas-firbeetlesinfest rts thatwillf - m Comment citer cedocument: e a ndations forpreventing nagem e s withthedevelopm nt ofForestScience,OregonStateUniversity a plem nagem ental ProtectionAg one SuccessStory e eeting regulatoryre nt toolsfrom a

a entation foruseinDouglas-firbeetlepestm acilitate m ture stands,trea rd ImplementationofSemiochemical-basedForestPest ponent ofDouglas e Darrell W ental) onth nt objectives Management Tools RS), DezeneP.W researchtofulloperationalim suche prevention,thinningyoung stands,harvestingor o . re rapidim Ross(OSU) scattered windthrown,diseased,orotherwise

ent ofsem dles, proprietaryissues,andfundingconcerns. e topicofm recom undesirable Douglas-firbeetle-causedtree Service)onthetopicofgypsym . Largediam ency, Biopesticides&PollutionPrevention populations cancausetreem ting ordisposingof suchaswindstorm quirem breeding sitesleadingtorapidincreasesin fforts, particularlyinterm a nagem e -fir areathighestriskofinfestation. nt ofForestScience),onthetopic m e i e ndations forfutureresearchand ochem plem nts forthem e nt situations, . s thatwerediscussedincluded Huber(UNBC,m a oving gypsym ny oftheobstaclesthatim entation of eter, oldertreesanddensely i cal-based m ith recentshiftsinresource slash>20cm s, wildf a rketing anduseof plem pherom a a s ofbarkbeetle nagem o nagem entation, and th, andother, i oderator) and re, def o rtality that o diam one-based th m e e nt, nt tools o liator a pede eter, ting 94

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). applied technologydevelopm research beforecontinuing thetechnologydevel developm Douglas-fir beetle.First,m Several lessonscanbelearnedfrom Consequently, thetreatm m to ensurethatthetreatm needs. Resourcem developm pherom com focused supportfordevelopingtheMCHt responded consistentlyinapredictableway operational treatm there wasastrongresearchbasisthatprovide There areseveralreasonswhytheMCHtechnology of itskindtobeusedanywhereintheworld. and landownersthroughoutthewesternU.S.This been distributed.TheMCHtreatm 2001 andrevisedin2006(Rosset reports ofunsuccessfultreatm have beentreatedannuallywithMCHinthePacificNorthwestandRockyMountainsno registered form 1999 andbecam flight begins.Thebubblecapsule residential areas.Thistreatm such ascam 1994, 1995;Rossetal.1996).Atreat the infestationofliveDouglas-firtreesa More recently,aplasticbubbleform not beenavailablecom form excluding beetlesfrom windthrown trees.Suchatreatm was developedanddem m pherom The Douglas-firbeetlepherom infestation. m m a a a e nagem nagers neednewalternativesforprotectingtreesandstandsfrom nagem thylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (MCH).Anaerially m ulation wasneverregisteredwiththeE unity. Mostparticipantsrealizedthe one treatm ones tom e e ent efforts.Inconsistent orunrelia ent efforts.Third,thetreatm nt goals.Finally,trialswithMCHconsistently producedunequivocalresults. nt from pgrounds andotherrecreationalsites, ulations ofMCH.Since2000,se e availableforuseintheU.S. a e apredom nage theDouglas-firbeetle e nt forobtainingcontinuedsuppor a nt. Researchhadclearly Comment citer cedocument: nagers wereconsultedthroughouttheresearchand developm m breedinginthehighly onstrated tobeoperationa e e rcially forwidespreaduse. nt thatwasdevelopedcanbeusedwithconfidence. e inant em nt wasonethat ent shouldbefocuse e e nt involvesapplyi nts. Anopera

a one system e ke sure nt couldpoten al.2001).Todate,over6,000copiesoftheguidehave form e ulation ofMC phasis ontim thesucce nt hasb m ulation wasfirstregisteredwithEPAinthefallof e e thatexistingknowledgesupportstechnology nt wasdevelopedtobeusedinhigh-valuedstands nt nd standsduringoutbreaks(RossandDaterm ha nvironm een readilyim d thefram was developedtom focusedontheanti-aggregationpherom to MCH.Second,therewascoordinatedand in spring2000.Currently,twocom tional user’sguideforMCHwaspublishedin value ofdevelopingasuccessfulbarkbeetle ble resultssuggestthe need form would beusefultothem ssful developm opm s beenwellstudied.Earlyeffortstouse tially preventDouglas-firbeetleoutbreaksby veral thousandhectaresofhigh-valuedstands ng 75releasers/hainthespringbeforebeetle echnology withintheforestentom suitable windthrowntrees.However,this d onprojectsm special-useareas,old-growthreserves,and appliedplasticbeadform dem lly f be is thefirstbarkbeetlepherom H wasshowntobeeffectiveinpreventing developm ent efforts.Second,lim r tom t forbarkbeetlepherom ental ProtectionAgency(EPA)andhas easible f onstrated thattheDouglas-firbeetle ework andsupportfordevelopingthe o re diversesetsofresourcevalues, plem ent effortwassuccessful.First, o ent oftheMCHtreatm r preventingtheinf o ented byresourcem st likelytoproduceuseable eet resourcem Douglas-firbeetle inm ited resourcesfor one researchand ulation ofMCH one treatm eeting their p ent process a e anies have nagem o station of re basic a one, 3- e nagers nt for o logy ent e 95 an nt

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). m tested in1993andbecam that therateofexpansioninfestedar (STS), istointensivelym goal ofthisUSDAForestServiceprogram developed tom im than itscurrentrange(Liebholdetal.1997). habitat. Ithasbeenestim continue untilthegypsym North Carolina(Sharovetal.2002a).Theexpa (Liebhold etal.1992).Thegenerally-infestedareacurrentlyextendsfrom (L.)) infestationhasexpandedtothewestands 1 Kevin Thorpe Gypsy MothMatingDisruptionResearch Technology EnterpriseTeam trees andstandsfrom Ross, D.W Entomology from antiaggregation pherom Ross, D.W infestation inhighriskstands. reducing Douglas-firbeetle, Ross, D.W Research risk standsbyantiaggregationandaggregationpherom Ross, D.W References im m unsuccessful ones.Lastly,treatm products. Inthelongrun,itism (Sharov etal.2002b). To datetheprogram preferred tacticinSTSbecause itistarget Since itsintroductionintoMedford,MAaround1869,thegypsym USDA, ARS illion acrestreatedinSTS usedm a pacts causedbytheexpandingrangeofgyps plem nagers tobecertainthattheendproduc attackby ented. 24:2184-2190. ., K.E.Gibson,andG.E.Daterm ., andG.E.Daterm ., andG.E.Daterm ., K.E.Gibson,R.W 89(5):1204-1207. 1 2 andKseniaTcheslavskaia Departm a Dendroctonus pseudotsugae nage gypsym Comment citer cedocument: Douglas-firbeetleinfe e one (3-m nt ofEntom onitor populationsal ated thattheultim e fullyim o th eventuallyoccupies , FHTET-2001-09.11p. Dendroctonus pseudotsugae an. 1994.Reduction o Canadian Entomologist an. 1995.Efficacyofanantiaggregationpherom th populationsal

. ethylcyclohex-2- Thier,a o re valuable e plem o a nts m logy, VirginiaTech ting di 2 ented in2000.Since2000,82%ofthenearly 2.9

, known ea isreducedby50%.TheSTSprogram specific, inexpensive(USDA 2004),andeffective u an. nd A.S.Munson.1996.Optim (Coleoptera:Scolytidae). st be at sruption (USDA2006). Ma

ong theleadingedgeandapplytreatm station. USDAForestService,Health e rangeof Toaddresstheeconom has exceededitsspread ratereductiongoals, tohaveafewsuccessfulprojectsthanm 2001(Revised2006).UsingMCHtoprotect outh atanaveragerateof13m t willbesom ong theleadingedgeofinfestation.The developedinconsultationwithresource en-1-one) forprotectingliveDouglas-fir allareasoftheU.S.containingfavorable y m nsion ofitscurrentrangeisexpectedto as theSlowSpreadofGypsyMoth of Douglas-firbeetleinfestationhigh- 127:805-811. o th infestation,anationalstrategywas thispestwillbethreetim ones. Hopkins(Coleoptera:Scolytidae), Canadian JournalofForest e thing thatcanbereadily o ic andenvironm th ( Journal ofEconomic W ting disruptionisa Lymantria dispar i sconsin southto al doseofan iles peryear es greater waspilot e nts such one for ental a ny 96

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). rates application ratesof30and15g/acre,thattr More recentinvestigationsatlowerpopulationde populations werehigherthanisnowconsidered required toadequatelysuppressm Early worktoestablishadoseresponseindicatedthatrelativelyhighrate(75g/ha)was suppression ofm efficacy withthisform over the6-weekperiodofm beneath fixed-wingaircraft.Flakesgenerally sensitive adhesive.Theform UCB, Sm et al.1998).Theflakesarem layer containingracem flakes (1x30.5m and availableforcom Environm Currently, onlyonegypsym assist indecisionm system 100 m resulting inabenef term m As aconsequenceofthese developm al. 2005),andreductionsinproductcostswithlarger volum rates asindicatedbytheresultsofdoseresponse experim decreased asaresultofim greater thanthatofBT(Sharovetal.2002b). 1995; Thorpeetal.1999)andtreatm results dem There wereanum m Bacillus thur-ingiensis However, intheearlyyearsofSTS,m program with variableresults(Kolodny-HirschandSc m that wenowknowaretoohighforeffective by thelackofaviabledispenserandbecause populations beganintheearly1970s(Cam Research effortstodevelopm used operationallydependingonthenum a o o nagers, theuseofm th populationsonanaverage ofnearly400,000acr th m s of ≥ illion acres(Sharovetal.2002b).Asophis anddecisionalgorithm 6g/acre(Tcheslavskaiaetal.2005).InST a landarea,thisiscurrently thelarg providedtheopportunityforuseof ting disruption,m ental, Em yrna, GA),am onstrating areductioninpopulationgrowthafter treatm a ting occurredwhenflakeswere it tocostra ber of a igsville, PA)isregistered Comment citer cedocument: king (Tobinetal.2004). m m ic disparlure(17.9%ac a (BT)(USDA2006).Asconf e ting disruptionincreasedandby2000becam ) ulation isgreatestwhenthestickerused,greaterthan85% rcial useintheU.S.Th withpolyvinylchloride sourcesof u o a ltipolym provem stly ineradicationattem le m areusedtom tio of3:1.Theprogram i a xed with280g/ ulation isapp ting disruptionas

o o th m th flight(L e er em nts inapplicationequipm thisin e ents, m a nt efficacy ting (W a ber ofm ting disr o st tr eron ulsion us est m a a creased conf nage eonhardt etal.1996;Thorpe1999).W hwalbe 1990).Theim tive ingredient)(Leonhardtetal.1996,Reardon ti effortstendedtofocusonpopulationdensities Astim by theU.S.Environm eatm lied aeriallyfrom m ha ofsticker(Gelva2333,SurfaceSpecialties ng disruptionhasbeenused tom ebb etal.1988).However,thetargeted ap catchissuppressedby>99%atapplication 1981). Fortwodecades,progresswaslim release 30–50%ortheirdisparlurecontent a appropriateforeffectivem a o ting disruptionprogram applied withoutsticker(Thorpeetal.2000). is form aneffectivetactictom of m (PVC)outerlayersandaninnerpolym ting disruption.Operationaluseofgypsy thevolum nsities showedthatm uption form ths capturedinpherom m e S, applicationratesof6or15g/acreare ed industriallyprim a nts werewiththebiologicalinsecticide ticated internet-baseddatam e wenton,thecostofm ting disruptiononam p currentlyincludes10statesandnearly a ts, wasconductedonalim es peryearoverthelast 6years.In ting disruptiontreatm ulation consistsofplasticlam e idence, includingpositiveresearch idence increasedam nts instudyplots(Tcheslavskaiaet e purchases. e ofdatacollectedinSTSandto ulation, DisruptII(Hercon ent, reductionsinapplication specializedpodsm e thepredom plem ental ProtectionAgency e nts (Leonhardtetal. a arily asapressure- inoperationagainst one traps. ting iselim entation oftheSTS a nage gypsym u a ents equaltoor a ch largerscale. ting disruption. ting disruption ong program a inant tactic. nage gypsy a ited basis, nagem inated at ounted i nated h ited o e ile 97 nt th er

"Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). disruption form Talley, S.E.1999. Thorpe, K.W gypsy m R.C.; Mastro,V.C.;Sellers,P.;Roberts,E.A.2005. Tcheslavskaia, K.S.;Thorpe,K.W Econonic Entomology treatm Sharov, A.A.;Leonard,D.;Liebhold,A.M.;Clem to containthegypsym Sharov, A.A.;Liebhold,A.M.;Leonard,D.S.2002a USDA, FS,FHTET-98-01.85pp. Thorpe, K.W Reardon, R.C.;Leonard,D.S.;Mastro,V.C.; the gypsym Liebhold, A.M.;Gottschalk,K.W gypsy m Liebhold, A.M.;Halverson,J.;Elm disruption withpherom 1996. Controloflow-densitygypsym Leonhardt, B.A.;Mastro,V.C.;Leonard,D.S. pp. 363-385. and otherattractants m Kolodny-Hirsch, D.,Schwalbe,C.1990.Useofdisparlureinthem Bulletin 1584. toward integratedpestmanagement Cam References establishm very lowpopulationdensities,especiallythose disruption willbesuccessful,andtobetterunderstandgypsym to betterdefinetheconditionsofgypsy especially sprayableform any insectpest.Researcheffortsareconti o th.

e ron, E.A.1981.Theuseof e In Behaviormodifyingchemicalsforinsectmanagement:applicationofpheromones nts inlow-densitygypsym o o th inNorthAm th m ent andgrowthofisolatedcolonies. o . th. . ; W ; Mastro,V.C.;Leonard, D.S.; a ting disruption. ulations. Journal ofForestry e bb, R.E.1998.Usingm Comment citer cedocument:

, Ridgway,R.;silverstein,Inscoe, 95:1205-1215. o Com one. th. erica. Entomologia Experimentalis etApplicata ulations thatcan Journal ofForestry p Journal ofChemicalEcology arative efficacyoftwo controlled-releasegypsym Journal ofBiogeography Entomologia ExperimentalisetApplicata

. ; Mason,D.A.;Bu disparlure todisruptm . ; Brewster 95:20-24. , Doane,C.C.;McManus,M.L.,eds.USDATechnical e o s, G.1992. o th th (Lepidoptera:Lym populations usingpherom be appliedthroughconventionalhydraulicnozzles, nuing todevelopandevaluatenewform a ting di m , C.C.;Sharov,A.A.;Leonard,D.S.;Reardon, Leonhardt, B.A.;McLane, W o July/Aug,30-35. ; McLane,W th populationdensityunderwhichm Leonhardt, B.A.;McLane,W factors thataffectm ens, N.S.2002b.Evaluationofpreventive sruption tom Quantitativeanalysisoftheinvasion . “SlowtheSpread,”anationalprogram

sh, R.1997.Forestsusceptibilityto Optim 19:513-520. a 22:1255-1272. ting. M., eds.NY:MarcelDekkerInc., ization ofpherom . a ; Reardon,R.C.;Thorpe,K.W ntriidae) populationsbym In Thegypsymoth:research a o nage gypsym 90:267-277. th populationdynam one traps. a nagem a ting successandthe 115:355-361. . ; Reardon,R.C.; e nt ofthegypsy one dosagefor o . ; Talley,S.; th: areview. o Journal of th m ulations, i a a a cs at ting ting ting 98 .

ental hurdlesincluded: Choristoneura fumiferana 50:200-209. . ; Leonard,D.S.;Mastro,V.C.;McLane,W o th throughadecisionalgor ary end-usercustom a 2:225-231. an, K.M.;Leonhardt,B.A.; y applytothecom ple-m Comment citer cedocument: a ting disruptionforgypsym p e ent -Herconsuccessfullyadapteditsproprietary lam lishm V a ntation hurdleswas

i ove Hercon’sgypsym le m e . nate flakes nt andfeed-back Effectiveness ofgypsym ents inslow /astsyr1.cfm a

. 1988. 81:268-273. ting success (Clem o th m withandwithoutastickingagent. m er, butal

Effectofaerialapplicationracem e rcialization offuturesem a ithm e ting disruptantproduct,DISRUPT IIGM. ing thespreadofgypsym ). USDA,ForestService,StateandPrivate ns), m ulate gypsym a Dendrotonus spp. of gypsym m undertheSlow-the-Spreadproject. ny respects,butonefrom greatly f (laterGMSTSFoundation)functionnotonly o Plim s, E.A.;Liebhold,A.M.2004.Managem o helped speedandassurethesuccessful so asourprincipaldevelopm th controlinUSforests. ental th slowthespreadbyyear,2000–2005. thedevelopm a o ting disruptants. th, m e Lymantria dispar r, J.R.;Boyd,V.K.;Bystrak,P.G.; acilitated byhavingtheUSForest o . ; Reardon,R.C.;Sellers,P.;W th m o o th pherom th (Lepidoptera:Lym a , anti-aggregantsandspruce ting disruptionfrom e theproductdevelopm ent stagetooperational i o-chem one, disparlure,to (Linnaeus),m whichm o Agricultural and ical basedforest th. ic disparlureon i nated-polym ental partner STS Annual a a American ny ofthe ntriidae). aerial a e ting bb, e ent 99 er nt

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Current challengesofparticularconcerntoHercon: Current challengesbeingaddressedinthesam Com • • • • • • • • • • • • m e Market variability Product im Monitoring Regulatory program Meeting insect-dictateddeadlines-AcontinuingannualchallengeforallGMSTS or nearapplicationareas. continues tofunctionasprim Training usersinnovelusem functions today. product applications.USDA-USFS/GMSTS services. USDA-USFS/GMSTSalsoprovidedon-sitesupervisionandm directly withsuitably-equippedaerialapplicatorsforrequiredproductapplication Assuring availabilityofapplication-USDA-USDA/GMSTSsuccessfullycontracted up-grading productionequipm Scaling-up production-Herconsuccessfullym disparlure ondirectbidbasis,afunc Sourcing econom and localrequirem Regulatory requirem m use ratesandapplicationvariablestodeterm Use optim areas. adapted Hercon’saerialapplication(“pod”)system Application technologydevelopm rcialization /operationalim e thod. o o o o o o o “Abrupt shut-off”featureforpherom pherom Characterization/quantification ofpotentialinterferencefrom application tofoodorfeedcrops Product reform Possible m Natural cyclicalityofgypsym Uncertainty ofannualfundinglevelforGypsyMoth Slow-the-Spread Reform program ef participants! f i ization -USDA-USFS/GMSTSsuccessfullyexperim ciency andreducepossibilityof provem Comment citer cedocument: one-based gypsym ulation ofproducttoim s ical activeingredient-USDA-USFS/GMSTSsuccessfullyprocured a e e rket entryof nt nts toperm e nts -Allpartiessuccessfullycooperatedtosatisfyfederal,state, ulation andEPAlabelam

plem ary inform e ent toincreasecapacity. thods andm it productuse. com entation hurdlesincluded: ent -Aerialapplicatorcooperatorssuccessfully o th populationm tion continuedbytheGMSTSFoundationtoday. p o etitor prove biodegradability e th population ation sourceforproductusersandresidentsin cooperativem interf odes ofaction-USDA-USFS/GMSTS ine m one releasefrom Foundation continuetoprovidethese e t increasingdem endm erence withestablishedm o st cost-efficientproductuse toapplyproductlargeforest onitoring program ent toallowincidental a nner include: producttoim e a nted withproduct nd forproductby productusewith s onitoring of onitoring prove 100 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). chem significant lessonslearnedthathavepotentialapplicationtotheintroductionofsim The DISRUPTIIGMdevelopm

• • ical basedproductsinthefuture,nam The productism Pursue significantm o o o o o o willing andavailabletofulfillallthesefunctionsforyou Do notcountonhavingaUSDA-USFS/GMSTSorsom supplier m In additiontoa“robust”productthatreliablym Having som m Capable ofbeingproducedusingexistingproductionfacilitieswithm Potential toinitiatesalesbythethirdyearof Potential togenerateatleast$500,000insalesrevenuem odification Comment citer cedocument: Technical support End-user training Fulf W investm De facto De jure Other producttypesm o i dely available,reliableproductapplicationcapability u re thatwhat’sinthebox illm st alsoprovide: e a form rket needs/opportunities =Patents,tradem e ent of =Tradesecrets,uniquenessdifficulttom nt hurdle,etc. ent andoperationalim

ofproprietaryprotection regulatoryrequirem e ly: a y havehigherthresholds arks, contracts,etc. plem e nts thedevelopm entation processresultedin eets perform

e a othercooperator ental process tch, capital a a turity nce claim ilar sem i nor s , a 101 i o- Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

product introductionintothem Table 1–Aworkingthree-waypartnershippr with inputfrom researcher /developm In thecaseofDISRUPTIIGMGypsyMothMatingDisruptant,end-userand Customer o o o

Supplier Researcher /Developm Custom involvedaerialapplicators. Comment citer cedocument: support newproductstom Motivated toinvestresourcesdevelop,m and developm W users W and recom W W users W product usefeed-backtoresearchersandsuppliers W W W existing products Motivated topurchasenewproductssatisfyneedsnotm er /End-User illing toprovidenewproductopportunityleadssuppliers illing toactonm illing toactonm illing toactonevaluationsandrecom illing topurchaseonrecom illing tohearsuppliersnewproductsalespitches illing toprovideobjectiveevaluationsofnewproductssuppliers illing toprovidereal-lif ental cooperatorroleswerefulfilledbyUSDA-USFS/GMSTS,

m Private aerialagricultural e a ndations toend-users rketplace. Gypsy mothmating ental cooperators GMSTS Foundation GMSTS Program ental Cooperator(Governm disruption USDA-FS a a operators rket needandproductusefeed-backfrom rket needandproductusefeed-backfrom

e/real-tim eet significantm ovides thebestchanceforasuccessfulnew m e ndations of

e m a m rket needinf e ndations f a e a researchers agriculture andforestry? rket dem nt, Academ nufacture, m State departm USDA-FS Regions? Douglas-fir beetle Private arborists? antiaggregant r o a om rm nds ic, Private)

researchers ation and a rket, and e e t by nts of end- end-

102 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

References Spruce Budworm Bark Beetles Gypsy Moth Acknowledgem Researcher/Cooperator • • • • • • • • • • introduction processthebestchanceforsuccess. established witheffectivetwo-waycom these rolesbecom operational im diverse organizationsandprivatecom disruptants, thisconvenientarrangem W ith futureproducts,suchasbarkbeetle Reardon, R.C.;Leonard,D.S.;Mastro,V.C.;Leohardt, B.A.;McLane,W Ed Katella,CanadianForestService,Fredericton, NB,Canada Peter Silk,CanadianForestService,Fredericton, NB,Canada Jack Stein,USDAForestService,FHTET,Morgantown,W Nancy Gillette,USDAForestService,PSW Gene Cross,NCDept.ofAg.&Consum Kevin Thorpe,USDAARS,InsectBiocontrolLab,Beltsville,MD Vick Mastro,USDAAPHIS,OtisMethodsLab,ANGB,MA Dick Reardon,USDAForestService,FHTET,Morgantown,W Donna Leonard,USDAForestService,Health,Asheville,NC Supplier Service, NationalCenterofForestHealthManagem Morgantown, W 1995.

e nts

Using MatingDisruptiontoManageGypsyMoth: AReview. plem Comment citer cedocument: e entation process.Itisim involvedasearly V . FHM-NC-08-95.U.S.Departm

Private aerialagricultural GMSTS Program USDA-FS operators e Hercon nt isunlik m p anie unica

anti-aggregantsandsprucebudworm er Svcs.,Raleigh,NC

possible soaworkingpartnershipcanbe s willbeinvolvedinthedevelopm portant thattheorganizationsfunctioningin

tions betweeneachtogivethenewproduct Res.Sta.,Albany,CA ely tore-occur.Itism

e e nt. 77p. nt ofAgriculture,Forest USDA-FS PSW V

Hercon Station

o re likelythat . ; Talley,S. Research m ent and a ting 103 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). burden ofbringingsem Subdivision Ldatarequirem Pesticide RegistrationIm conducted withoutneedforanExperim exem requirem introduction oftieredtoxicologicalandnon- sem EPA' The establishm Russell S.Jones,USEPA/OPP/BPPD&Chai Registration OfBiopesticides:RegulatoryAndLegislativeHurdles i ochem s OfficeofPesticideProgram ptions, andincreasedacreageunderwhichcertainarthropodpherom e nts forarthropodpherom i cals andotherbiologicalpesticides ent of Comment citer cedocument: theBiopesticidesand i ochem provem e i nts forbiochem cals intothem

e nt Act(PRIA)of2004andproposedrevisionsinthe s in1995ushe ones andot e ntal Us r, Biochem a Pollution PreventionDivision(BPPD)inUS rketplace.

. Thereducedregulatoryburdenincludesthe i cal e Perm target organism pesticidesfurtherreducetheregulatory red inaneweraofregulatoryrelieffor her sem it. Newlegislationenactedunderthe i cal Classif i ochem i cation Com i testing,reduceddata cals, specifictolerance one studiesm m ittee a y be 104 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). beetle, hosts aspreventativetreatm f In 2004,itwasdiscovered thatinjectionsofthe Forest PestManagem Don Grosm Dendroctonus AndIpsBarkBeetles System im lim (Fairm success ofdetectionanderadicati longhorned beetle, labor intensiveandinef Detection anderadicationprogram will beconductedin2006todeterm western pinebeetleattacksinponderosapine. in reducingsuccessfulattacksofsout Single treeinjectionsusingsystem will beconductedin2006. ponderosa pinestands.Prelim their anti-aggregationeffectsonwesternpinebeetle, Com pinyon, ponderosa pine,

forest types.Carbarylapplications(Sevin only oneyearoffieldefficacy.Onyx preventative treatm Several pyrethroidstudieswereconductedth effects werealsohighlighted. Exam effective pherom bark beetleoutbreaksinthewest.Registered The sessioncoveredageneralreviewofsuppressi Moderators: SteveMunsonandBryttenSteed,USDA i pronil, couldpreventthe successf proved m ited budgetisfocusingonsurvey,reducingartific b ples of inations of D.frontalis aire) havenotbeenaseffective.Th ic InsecticideInjectionsForProtecti P. monophylla a e silviculturaltreatm n, W thods form Pinus ponderosa sixbarkvolatilesandthreegreen one strategiesforindividua e (Zim stern GulfForestPestMana e Comment citer cedocument: nts forbarkbeetles.Various Anoplophora glabripennis Forest Protection:BarkBeetlesandWoodborers e nt (Torr.&Frem

a m f naging thisintroducedpest. i . cient, currentdetec ). Prelim e nts forseveralspecies inary resultsofth e

(Laws);lodgepolepine, nts usedaspreventativeapplicationstom s fortwo on program ic insecticid ine treatm ul attacka .). inary resultsindicat TM hern pinebeetleonloblollypine, , provideduptotwoyearsoffieldefficacyforsom e currentem introduced woodborerswerediscussed.Although ® on OfSouthernAndW e insecticides usedaspreventativetreatm SL), providedtwoyearsoffieldefficacyfor tion anderadicationstrategiesfortheAsian

nt effects. nd m s forem (Motschulsky)seem l treeandareaprotectionwerediscussed. roughout thewestonvarioushosttypesas e treatm gem Additionalanalysisofthe2005applications system form is analysiswerediscussedandfurthertests on andpreventionstrategiesusedtoaddress leaf ofwesternbarkbeetlesandsouthernpine e o nt Cooperative&TexasForestService, rtality of ial spreadoftheinsectandresearchon Forest Service,HealthProtection Dendroctonus brevicomis volatilesweref ulations weretestedandm erald ashborerprogram ic insecticides,em e erald ashborer, nts werefield e treatm P. contorta loblollypinebyIpsengraver ents werepartiallyef tobeeffective.The (Dougl.); andsingleleaf i eld testedtodeterm e tested onavarietyof stern ConifersFrom am Agrilus planipennis P. taeda itigate barkbeetle ectin benzoateor operatingona (LeConte)in o st provided (L.)and e nts and f e ctive 105 ine e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). program logs, havebeenfoundin Michigan,Ohio,Indi quarantine, andnum trees affected.Followingsubsequentsurveys, surveys indicatedthatatleastsixcountieswere generally inf causing thedeathofashtrees( In 2002,theem working –forexam treated withsystem infestations, andliterallyhundredsofthousands ~19,000 “high-risk”treeshavebeenprophylacti prim this species,forcingrelianceonvisualinspection (>8000) thatshowsignsofALBin agencies havem York, Illinois,NewJersey,andOntario. including m Anoplophora glabripennis exotic, invasivewood-boringpests.Oneex solid woodpackagingm The UnitedStatesiscurrentlyphasinginregula D. R.Lance,USDA-APHIS-PPQPestSurvey Developing MethodsForManagingPopulations perm 3) allowtreatm spray applications,suchasworkerexposureand recreational, oradm insecticides m of injections,anddeterm beyond torefineapplicationratesofem ponderosa pinecausedbywesternbeetles. ef Prelim rufipennis beetle, beetle, spp.: southernpinebeetle, the efficacyofthesechem beetles. Thispresentationdescribedtheestab f ective inreducingthelevelof ary surveym issible withconventionalsprayequipm inary resultsindicatethatbothem D ponderosae D. brevicomis , operatingonalim (Kirby)onEngelm a ples ( a y 1)providelong-term e erald ashborer(EAB), nt of ounted eradicationeffortsba e ic insecticides.Theseprogr Acer ple, nosignsofALBhavebeenseeninIllinoissince 2003. i thod. Partiallybecauseof Comment citer cedocument: erous additionalinfestations, nistrative sites;2)reduce (Hopkins)onlodgepolepine treesinenvironm (LeConte)onponderosapine, spp.),followingseparateintroducti a terials, butthewoodpack icals forprotectionof (Motschulsky),whichhasbeenkillingtreesinseveralgenera, ine durationoftreat D. frontalis ited budget,isfocu ann spruce, Fraxinus

southernpine festation. Effectiveattractantshavenotbeenidentifiedfor (3+years) (Zim entally or am Agrilus planipennis spp.)intheDetroit,MI/W am Picea engelmannii ectin ent. ectin m lishm or elim APHIS-PPQ andcooperatingstatelocal am ana, Illinois,andMaryland. ThecurrentEAB . tions requiringfum ) onloblollypine, am sed onrem beetle attackonloblollypineandm OfExoticW m benzoate andfipronil,identifyoptim treesagainstm Additionaltrialsareplannedfor2006and drift, expense,andim m sing onsurvey,reducing additionalhum protectionofhigh-valuetreesinresidential, ple istheAsianlonghornedbeetle(ALB), sociallysensitiveareasthatisnotcurrently of hostsinthesurroundingareashavebeen products ofhum of treesforbeetlesandbeetledam the inefficiencyofthesesurveys,another benzoate andfipronilwereatleastpartially o P.contorta s arelabor-intensiveandinefficientbut e cally rem st ofsoutheasternMichiganisnowunder aging pathwayhasleftuswithalegacyof ent ofadditionaltrialsin2005toevaluate nt efficacy.Theinjectionofsystem inate problem Pinus ponderosa oval anddestructionofalltrees (Parry). Fairm oved inthevicinityofknown e oodborers InNorthAm ons from sted, with(literally)m (Dougl.), andsprucebeetle, o re aggressiveDendroctonus an transportofashtrees and i a s associatedwithhydraulic P. taeda gation orheat-treatm ire, wasdeterm indsor, ONarea.Initial pact tonon-targets;and (Laws)m theOrientintoNew (L.)westernpine ountain pine ined tobe o a erica illions of al tim ge asthe rtality of e nt of 106 an- ing D. ic

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Critical elem cure!” high-value trees;wehaveshownthat,indeed,“an ounceofpreventionisworthapound beetle-caused m trees—alone orinconjunctionwithotherstrategi m Protecting treesfrom preventing m m Verbenone applicationswereadm pine beetle, In thelate-1980s,webegantestingverbenone MCH, whichsuccessfullyprotectsDouglas-fir, successful inprotectingsusceptibletrees.Th Also inthe1970s,researchbeganusingbark provide long-term especially syntheticpyrethroids.Som 1980s, concernoverfutureregistrationofcarba efficient m high-value sitesintheW Beginning inthem Ken Gibson,USDAForestService,HealthProtection Protecting TreesOnHigh-ValueSitesInTheW options andchancesofartificialspreadrem m deploym Our experiencewithEAB,inparticular,poi significant com possibly augm the size,spread,anddestructiveabilityofth of sem aided spreadofthebeetle,andresearchonim Douglas-fir beetle, oderately successful.Silviculturalm i u xed resultsm st belocatedwhentheyaresm • • • • i Preventive treatm Verbenone hasnotyetproven toprovide MCH isveryeffectivein protectingDouglas-firfrom Other chem ochem ent ofim eans ofprotectingpinehostsfrom D. ponderosae ents: ountain pinebeetleattacksinsom i ented bybiologicalcontrols,m cal studiesindicatethepresenceof ponent inNorthAm a o de itsusesuspect.Morerecenttestssuggestverbenonem rtality. Instrivingtoprevent protectionachievedwithcarbaryl. proved m ical treatm Dendroctonus pseudotsugae i d-1970s, effortswereexpended Comment citer cedocument: attackbyotherbee e e nts withcarbarylareeffectiveandeconom st. By1977,carbarylha (Hopkins)thatm e thods fordetecting e nts m

erican forests. i a nistered to all enoughth y beeffective,butgenerally arenotaslong-lasting e proved a n-ipul a in m a e populationsuggeststhathost-plantresistance, tle speciesusingpherom y alsoaffectotherwesternbarkbeetlebehavior. proved m m beetle sem —an anti-aggregationphero-m e a nts totheneedfordevelopm ations—thinning, sanitationsalvage,andtrap effective foroneyearprotection,butcouldnot (Hopkins)attacks. e hosts. e m y protect treesfrom bark beetledepredationsandtherebyprotect consistent protectionfrom ountain pinebeetleinfestations.Inthelate- i st invasive woodborers.Incipientpopulations Pseudotsuga menziesii es; havealsobeeneffectiveinreducingbark nim apotentiallyusef ryl ledtotheevaluationofalternatives— be ourbesthopeform d beenproventobethem at aggressivecontrolm o to preventbarkbeetleattacksontrees a st notable,andstillm l. e thods form i ochem DFBattack i cals—som beetleattacks.Initially, a ul attractantf ical naging thispest.Results (Mirb.)Francofrom ones hasbeenonly a MPBattacks a e intaining ashasa e y besuccessfulin ofwhichproved o thods areviable o one ofm st successfulis ent andproper st effectiveand o r EAB,but ountain 107

ates ofefficacycouldnotbem ponderosa ponderosa . W Prevention isalm Silvicultural m . from ® ® ) forprotecting e waseffectiveforprotecting phasizes theneedforassuringthat duetoinsuf concludethatOnyx Ips a y justif sprucebeetle, Elatobium abietinum spp.inArizonaandthatstudywasdiscontinued.Sevin and Dougl.ex.Laws.,from I . P ethrin form confusus . Comment citer cedocument: onstrated in edulis y protectionuntilthem a a y berequiredinsom nipulations (hazardreduction)canprotecttreesandstands P P f o . i ountain pinebeetle, . st alwayslesscostlythansuppression cient m edulis ponderosa Engelm P (LeConte);andEngelm . ulations, suchasAstro ponderosa D .

controltreeswerekilledtom ™ ™ rufipennis o P isaneffectiveindividualtreeprotectiontool,butrepeated ) andcarbaryl(Sevin rtality inuntreate s. Masterline . . inColoradoand e (W stern Conifers ponderosa Pinus contorta , a de duringthesecondfieldseasonin P Research Station,USDAForestService alker), populationshave beenepidem . P , contorta . P ofperm e westernpinebeetle, contorta . syst (Kirby) inUtahwasassessed.Fewtreeswere unique environm contorta beetles (Coleoptera:Curculionidae:Scolytinae) D effective toolsareavailableforindividualtree / a be necessaryifm D e currentoutbreakandsusceptibility ofsom . in , claim em r twofieldseasons.Aninsufficientnum ® dential, recreational,oradm . ponderosae vidual trees,costofrem and appears tobeaneffectiveindividualtree brevicomis Dougl.exLoud.,from thrust of s ifm d, baitedcontroltrees.Twof ® ethrin plus-C(Masterline from ann spruce, P , shouldbeviewedwithskepticism and . P ® s monophylla regardingincreasedefficacyover SL)forprotecting:ponderosapine, . u

D lti-year controlisdesired(Fettiget monophylla P . aninf . ponderosae ents generallyhaveasubstantial HopkinsinSouthDakota,and and edulis Picea u a Dendroctonus brevicomis ke def lti-year controlisdesired P from e Torr. &Frem . station subsides.This

fortwofieldseasons. monophylla engelmannii attackforonefield barkbeetleattack. i nitive conclusions

® oval, andlossof D SL(2.0%)was P i . ® nistrative sites, . ic insoutheast ) andcarbaryl ponderosae edulis i . inNevada eld seasons for0.06% Parryex. and until 108 ber in P e .

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Scolytidae), toattractant-baitedtraps. individual dem we wereabletorefinereleaserates,re increased theinhibitoryeffectoftworelease green leaf alcohol, benzaldehyde, failures ledtoadditionalresearchefforts.In2004,com protecting sm 2005, verbenone(2500m of intraspecificcom antiaggregation pherom attack andkillapparentlyhealthytreesofallag particularly inCalifornia.Undercertainconditions,suchasextendeddrought,thebeetlecan Dendroctonus brevicomis Prelim verbenone disruptresponseofwesternpinebeetle, Fettig, C.J.;McKelvey,S.R.;Huber,D.P. Departm M.W Pine: Issues,TrendsandManagement. losses from Fettig, C.J.2005.Bugsinthesystem References: results from exam of tim are currentlylim value pinesfrom of perm Fettig, C.J.,DeGom the westernUnitedStates. individual, high-valuetreesfrom 2006a. Effectivenessofbifenthrin(Onyx™) K.E.; Hebertson,E.G.;Long,D.F.;Munson,A.S.; Shea,P.J.;Sm Fettig, C.J.;Allen,K.K.;Borys,R.R.;Christ landm Sitka spruce, aholef es thataninfestedtreecanbetreatedw onstrated thesuccessfuluseofnonhostangi . ining noveltreeinjectiontoolsforprotecting ; Maguire,D.A.;Youngblood,A.,eds.,Ge ark trees,particularlyinurbanareas.Treatm inary resultswerediscussed. ethrin plus-C(Masterline®) andcarbary e nt ofAgriculture,ForestService, volatiles[ P o westernpinebeetleinfestations.In EAGanalyseswerealsodiscussed. r every10cm . all standsof P ponderosa . barkbeetleattack. ited totheuse sitchensis ez, T.E.;Gibson,K.E.;Dabne Comment citer cedocument: p etition byreducingth ( E one of trans from )-2-hexenal, ( g isam P (Bong.)Carr.,torepeatedattack Journal ofEconomicEntomology /24 h/achand-appliedin of . ponderosa -conophthorin, guaiacol,nonanal,salicylaldehyde)andthree treecircum

D of Acecaps®.Unfortunately,thereisalim D

barkbeetleatt . . a brevicomis jor causeof brevicomis Arboriculture &UrbanForestry Journal ofEconomicEntomology E from Klam : deve )-2-hexen-1-ol, and( duce thenum PacificSouthwestResearchStation,p.233-244. ith Acecaps®astheprocedurerequiresdrilling f e e overcrowdingofdevelopingbrood.In2002- W opherson, J.;Dabney,C.P.;Eager,T.A.;Gibson, ren , andisassum

rates ofverbenone(Fettigetal.2005).In2005, D attackintwoseparatestudies.Prelim . lopm ath Falls,OR,October18-21,2004,Ritchie, ack (Coleoptera:Curculionidae:Scolytinae)in 2005.Nonhostangiosperm . es andsizeclasses.Verbenoneistheprim osperm l (SevinSL®)forprotecting individual,high- Proceedings oftheSymposiumonPonderosa Additionalstudiesarescheduledfor2006. ce tof P brevicomis and carbaryl(Sevin®SL)forprotecting . y, C.P.;Borys,R.R.2006b. Effectiveness n. Tech.Rept.198.AlbanyCalif.:U.S. e ponderosa ent oftoolstom pouches) wasfoundtobeineffectivefor nts availableforprotecting Dendroctonus brevicomis volatilesandverbenoneforprotecting ber ofcom acilitate treatm b inations ofsixbarkvolatiles(benzyl P . e infestations(Fettig2005).These . InPress. d toreducethenegativeim sitchensis s haveresultedinm m Z )-2-hexen-1-ol] significantly o rtality inthewesternUS, ponents inourblend,and . Inpress. ith, S.L.;Haverty,M.I. i nim e from 98:2041-2048. nt. W i it tothenum ze ponderosapine

e volatilesand E arecurrently (Coleoptera: . P abietinum . o sitchensis rtality of ber of inary pacts 109 ary .

itigates theaffects ones form ulations shouldbe

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e e crease efficacyandreducenon-targetim pr nt withm thods e oved m how orifpopulationdensity,standstructure t populationsm in nt ofAgriculture,ForestService,Rocky of westernbarkbeetleoutbreaksshouldbe

e theef conductedtodeterm provides viabletreatm nd reductioninrecreationsites.Tech. tive m f beetle speciesarestillnon-existentor m ective f bark beetleswillrequireadequately u e st beexploredtoprotecthighvalue thods fordetectingandsuppressing u f easures tom ectiveness of ltiple yearsof a nce ofverbenone. o r spruceaphid,howeverithas u st belocatedwherean itigate theaf system ine iftherearem e e ef nts thateffectively nt optionstolim f i cacy. Further

ic insecticide f e cts of pacts. 110 o re it

The exoticem a a nagem nipulations form ove ashtreesfrom eter. Onem all ashtreesfrom Speaker: JohnNowak New W Southern PineBeetlePreventionandRe Speaker: Jim Red andDeadTrees:BarkBeetleProtectionProjectsinIdaho Ham Speaker: JoelMcMillian(withChristopherJ.Fettig,JohnA.Anhold,ShakeebM. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)InfestingPonderosaPine The EffectsofMechanicalFuelReduction Speaker: AndrewJ.Storer Im Modeling theRelationshipofEm e plications. ith Em nt willf ud, RobertR.Borys,ChristopherPDabney,StevenJ.Seybold) a y ofW erald ashborer, a erald AshBorer:Modeli o nagem Stand LevelTacticstoAddressForestPestProblems a llow. Thetopicsandspeakersare: Comment citer cedocument: Rineholt ybe requestedtorem a naging suchdestructivepe forestsandwoodlots.It o r ofashtreesinstem Moderator: RonBillings,TexasForestService om rking e astand,andsom nt priorityinareas acrosstheU.S.willde

Agrilus planipennis

erald Ash ove them ental Science,MichiganTechnologicalUniversity e s ng Phloem willundoubtedlybeleft eventhoughtim

and branchesaboveapproxim closeproxim is noteconom be expectedtodie.Em neral discussionofthisapproachtopest sts astheem storation Program scribe currentprojectsrelatedtostand-level . Treatm Borer andAshPhloem , (Coleoptera:Buprestidae) ReductionToReduceResource e nts ontheActivityof ity toknowninfestedareasis ically feasibletorem erald ashborer,westernbark : OldW erald ashborerlarvae , withManagem a a y ofThinking, tely 2.5cm , isestablished BarkBeetles ove allof 111 ber e in nt Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Authors: (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)InfestingPonderosaPine The EffectsOfMechanicalFuelReductionTr ash reductionefforts. trees inastand,thism ash borerpopulationsthroughphloem diam resource m tree rem a foreststandcontainingashandhavedevel basal arealim residual ashstandscanbeoptim the largerashtreesfrom forest m to m Using thism conditions, arebeingintegratedintoam determ In addition,relationshipsbetweendiam strong relationshipbetweendiam branches aboveapproxim this insect.Em as thosestandsincloseproxim resources lim were associatedwithspring treatm observed inchippedversus lop-and-scatteredplot chipped). Athree-fold increase inthepercentageoftreesattacked by barkbeetleswas ranged from and (4)anuntreatedcontrol.Them (3) thinnedbiom chipped, random biom late spring(April-May)andsum ponderosa m events, particularlyinthewildlandurbaninterf reduction program high firehazardsoverlargeareasofthewest Selective logging,firesuppression,forestsucce Robert R.Borys,ChristopherPDabney,StevenJ.Seybold It isnotyetclearhowem echanical fuelreductiontreatm eet prescribedashphloem eter lim ass chippedandrandom ined. Theserelationships,inadditionto a

oval necessarytoreducethebreedingsubstratebyatargetpercentage.Forest nagers toreducethepopulationpotentia McMillin, JoelD.ChristopherJ.Fettig,JohnA.Anhold,ShakeebM.Ham , forestslocatedinArizonaandCaliforni a nagers willbeabletoviewpe it f 2.0%(untreatedcontrol)to30.2% odel itwillbepossibletodeterm it thesizeofbeetlepopulation.Re its. W o r rem ly dispersedwithineachplot,andraked2m ass lop-and-scattered(thinnedtr erald ashborerlarvaedevel s haveincreasedaccordinglytoreducetherisk, extent andseverityofthese e Comment citer cedocument: arecurrentlyestim oval of odel willenablethegenetic astand,andretainsm a tely 2.5cm eral ashtoachieve ly dispersedwithineach0.4haplot;(2)thinned biom ity tooutlie reductiontarget ized. Im

d ashborerwillbehaveinruralf e eter atbreasthe nts ontheactivityofbarkbeetlesinponderosa pine, ean percenta e nts, whichcorresponded withpeakadultbeetleflight reduction,a indiam m odel rela plem ating theam eter e r (A r populationswillreducethepopulationdensityof rcent ashphloem the phloem , surfaceareaandvolum entation of oped prelim in othersinvolvingtreevigor,form op inthephloem a ugust-Septem e thesizeabovewhichalltreesshouldbecut ace. Inthisstudy,weexam ll individualtreessothatgeneticdiversityof eatm et ssion, andclim ted totheam ern USA.Federalandstatehazardousfuel s. Im ge ofresidualtreesattackedbybarkbeetles ees cutinto1-2m ight andcalculatedsurfaceareaofthetree. s. Higherlevelsofbark beetle colonization diversityofashtobeoptim er. Measurem l forem (plots thinnedinspringwithallbiom m nd decreasingtherem a, USA.Treatm ount ofphloem oval ofashfrom e plem nts OnTheActivityOf reductiontarget.Byreducingem them inary m erald ashborerinastand,rem entation of volum ber) andincluded:(1)thinned ount ofphloem from odel willalsoconsidertolerable atic changeshaveresultedin ofashtreesinstem ents ofashtreessuggesta odels oftheam thebaseofresidualtrees; lengths)withineachplot; e e calculatedandf o availabletotheinsectin nts wereappliedinboth highpriorityareassuch rests, especiallyif them e ofphloem oval ofthesm ined theeffectof inaforeststand. odel willenable ized inlightof BarkBeetles , andgrowing ount ofash arebeing i nd the s and Pinus host erald aller 112 ove ud, ass ass Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). m few attackswereobservedonstandingtrees.At were chippedinspring.Engraverbeetlesprodu significantly higherpercentageof num com for theassistancefrom surrounding countieswho aretryingtoprotecttheir Hom agreed toim To beeligibleforassistancethroughthegran widespread conditionthatcrossesprivate,state, and federallands. practices. Thegrantprogram Douglas-fir beetle(DFB)infestationtoim program 4. ApartnershipbetweenIDLandtheSawtoot with fundingprovidedbytheUSDAForestServi and RestorationProjectin The IdahoDepartm Jam Red AndDeadTreesBarkBeetleProtectionProjectsInIdaho be discussed. chipping treatm periods. Theselaboratoryresultsm m constant inlop-and-piledtreatm m conducted toprovideanexplanationfortheba attacks, asnootherscolytidattacksinth paraconfusus valens brevicomis including theroundheadedpinebeetle, trees didnotsignificantlyaffectattackrates.Severalbarkbeetlespecieswerepresent periods asm o y onoterpene elutionratesfrom rtality existsam rcene elutingfrom e m ber oftreeschippedperplotandth e 4. 3. 2. 1. s F.Rineholt,USDAForestServiceandIdahoDept.ofLands owners addressingthe MPB outbreakwith on barkbeetleinfestingresidualtrees. (AZ andCA),Arizonafivespinedips, . Grantfundshavehelpedprivate Apply Carbarylandpherom Rem Thin susceptiblestandsoftreestoincreaseresistance tobarkbeetlesandfire Restore heavilycutoverareasbyplantingnative species appropriateforthesite. (AZ andCA),m plem easured byfunneltrapcaptures. ove beetleinfestedtrees. (CA), andpineengraver, e nts. Theim ent thef ong treatm e Comment citer cedocument: nt ofLands(IDL)initiate chipsexceededthosefrom IDLandtheUSFS.Many o llowing f the SawtoothNationalRecreationArea(SawtoothNRA)in2004 ountain pinebeetle, plications of e nts. Afewtrees

chippilesd highlightsasu e nts. Thequa residual treeswereattackedby o a ones rest m y, inpart, e percentageofresidualtreeswith Dendroctonus adjunctus theseresultstosustainablef I e upperbolewereobserved.Inalaboratorystudy . a plem nagem pini A significantcorrelationwasfoundbetweenthe t, hom eclined sharplyovertim landowners affectedbythecurrentMPBand Ips lecontei Raking chipsawayfrom ntities of d aMountainPineBeetle(MPB)Prevention appearedtohavediedsolelyfrom D explain thebarkbeetleresponseobservedin ent recom ced substantialbroodsinloggingdebris,but

lop-and-piled slashduringeachof15sam rk beetleresponsesobservedinthisstudy, (AZ). folks wereoverwhelm ce, ForestHealthProtection,Regions1and . h NRAwasestablishedtoadm present,nosignificantdifferenceintree e ccessful partnershipefforttoaddressa ponderosae in theSawtoothNRA and othersinthe nt activities: eowners providedtherequiredm Douglas-fir treeshavebeen verygrateful -pinene,3-carene,and Dendroctonus valens m (AZ), Californiafivespinedips, e

nded preventionandrestoration (CA), redturpentinebeetle, (AZ), westernpinebeetle, D . brevicomis o e, butwererelatively ed withthenum rest m thebaseofresidual D . valens a nagem was them in plotsthat

i attacks. A nister the D a . e tch and nt will valens ber of 113 p o D D le st I . . . Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). infestation. Preventionactivities, suchasthinni to healthyf activities, suchasplanting longleafonappropriate program Program safety. Thesefactorscontributedtothecr abundant fuelforwildfires,andposeadditiona cockaded woodpecker.Intheafterm industries, andalsodestroysthehabitatofthr natural resourcebasethatsupportstheS $1.5 billion.Theselosses,from other Federallandswereaffected(Table1). m Florida, Georgia,Kentucky,NorthCarolina, throughout theSouth.From The southernpinebeetle(SPB)isthem Service, ForestHealthProtection,Asheville,NC John Nowak,SouthernPineBeetlePrevention Of W Southern PineBeetlePreventionAndRestor our landthanwewouldhavebeenabletodoonown.” hom “Thanks againforallyourhelpandtheID The successofthisprogram Specific Accom Positive outcom contractors tocom recipients toim m dead treesontheirpropertiesandlackedthefina illion acresonprivatefarm itigate theproblem • • • • • • • • • eowners inourareatodoalotm o rking Deploying 15,968MCHcapsuleson530acres Spraying 17,479lodgepolepinewithCarbaryl Rem Inter-agency partnership Increased IDLprofileinsouthcentralIdaho Creation ofhealthierstands Generation ofwoodproductsforthehom W Forestry educationandawarenesstohom hasbeenim in2003bytheUSDAForestServiceandth o rk forlocalcontractors oval/thinning of20,000unhealthytreeson960acres o rest conditionsandto create standsthatarelesssusceptibletof plem p e lishm s of p lete thework. Comment citer cedocument: . Theprojectcoordinatora ent appropriatem thegrantprogram plem ents since2004include: ented by13statesand 1999to2003,SPBcausedunprecedenteddam isreflectedin s andforests,indus

thisoutbreakand ath oflarg o a include: nagem re toprot o The estim outh’s tourism ation Program eation oftheSPBPreventionandRestoration eatened andendangeredspecies,suchasthered- st a recentcom e South CarolinaandTennessee.Morethan1 l threatstotransportationcorridorsandpublic nt e infestations,deadanddownedtreesprovide nd IDLf ng, aredesignedtoim ncial m destructive andcostlyinsectpestofpines eowners andlocalcontractors eowner’s personaluse and RestorationCoordinator,USDAForest 12 nationalforestsinthe south.Restoration ect andim L supportofthisprogram try lands,Statenationalforests,and tactics. Hom sites,aredesignedtoreturn dam e SouthernGroupofStateForesters.This others inthepast,severelyim ated econom eans andtechnicalexpertiseneededto o rest entom : OldW m andwood-basedm prove thehealthofforestson e nt byoneofthehom e owners contractedwithlocal a ic costoftheoutbreakwas y OfThinking,NewW o logist workedwithgrant prove foresthealthand . Ithasenabled a ge inAlabam a nufacturing u a ture SPB ged areas eowners: pact the 114 a a, y

o re than250,000acressinceitsinceptionand sired forestvalues.Thisprogram hasled 115 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). plant tolerance),environm ideals ofbiologicalefficiency discovery anddevelopm f products form US dollars.Becauseofthelongperiodwith ingredient toregistration.Expendituresduri International (2005).Ittypicallytakes8to The generalscopeofinvestm total salesontheirresearchanddevelopm products uptopresentdaystandards.Altogeth requirem and about4%oftheirbudgetsonpatent-rela ingredients, 41%oftheirbudgetsonexpanding com ecological riskassessm science, agronom developm em research anddevelopm The generalscopeofeffortinthepesticide essentially alicensetosellanactiveingredient. Based ontheseassessm by aregulatorybody.Itresultsinassessm discovery anddevelopm gaining registrationforanactiveingredient.(Moredetailswillbeprovidedaboutthe developm activities associatedwithf under theFederalInsecticide,Fungicide,Roden m The processfordiscovering,developing,andregi Jam Forestry An OverviewofTheDiscovery,Developm o Moderators: AndrewBirt,TexasA&MUnivers a restry willtypicallybe label expansionsof ployed 8890peoplefulltim inly f e p s A.Gagne,BASFCorporation anies spentabout55%oftheirbudgets r e om ent. About40%ofthescientists ent. Developm nt underFIFRAthatcom theperspectiveof Perspectives onTreatmentTacticDevelopmentandApplication a jor agriculturalcropsandpests,not y, physiology,biochem Comment citer cedocument: ent, 14%inregulatorya ent com ent process,com ent processesbelow.)Re ents, aregulatorybodym ent includesallactivitiesthatstartonceacom ental soundness(e.g., i nding anewactiveingredient(pesticide),uptothestartof (e.g, highlyselective,fast acting,optim theUSEnvi p e andspentabout

anies (Phillip e nt fora p anies bring p ent activities. anies w ents a i em ronm 10 yearsfrom stry), 30%inchem ent, ng thistim single newproductisprovidedbyCropLife industry isillustratedbyasurveyof10m s McDougal,2005).In2004,thesecom

no m er, the10com registered agriculturalpesticides. Duringthe ployed workedinbiology(entom ffairs, and1%inpatentlaw.During2004,the And RegistrationOfAPesticideForUseIn trying todiscoveranddevelopnewactive bout therisksanactiveingredientm ental ProtectionAgency(EPA)requirem ity, andBrianStrom ticide Act(FIFRA).Discoveryincludesall uses of,orre-registering,existingproducts, ill seeknewactiveingredients thatapproach ted work.Re-registrationreferstothe gistration isthereviewofrequiredstudies low toxicitytonontarget organism 2.25billionUSdollarsonresearchand the databaseonolder,alreadyregistered forestpests.Therefore,newproductsfor a stering achem onetary return,com y grantordenyaregistration,whichis e couldrangefrom discoveryofanewpotentialactive p anies spentabout7.5%oftheir istry, 19%inhum ical pesticideisdiscussed , USDAForestService al residualeffect,good p anies typicallyseek 180to225m p any com ology, weed a an and m y pose. s, low p its to illion anies e a 116 nts jor

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). The processm Discovery --Thebasiccom m continue tochallengethepesticideindustrybym activity ontheplantisdesirable,butpersiste be trade-offsinsatisfyingwhatm com viability (e.g.,goodcosttoprofitratioforthegr chronic toxicitytom application rate,rapiddegradationintheenvironm Consultancy StudyforCropLife International.30p. Phillips McDougal.2005.Agrochem Industry --AStocktakingReport,62p. CropLife International.2005.CropProtectionStewardship ActivitiesofthePlantScience Office oftheFederalRegister,National Code ofFederalRegulations.2005.Title40Protection ofEnvironm References: to assessthepotentialrisksof com cohesive pictureoftheenvironm through therequiredtests.Also,resultsofi are notneededduringdevelopm protocols, anddocum part oftheprocessdrawsm nontarget organism in foodandfeed,environm Literally hundredsofstudiesarerequiredinar (2005) andhowtoperform Practices. EPAhassetforththestudiesrequire registration underFIFRA.Mostofthestudies Developm efficient deliverysystem science, suchasidentificati som laboratory, greenhouse,andultim these screenswouldbesubjecttom hundreds ofthousandscom o re andm e p p thing newandunique,thispartofthe any com lexities, alltheseidealsarenotachievablein ent –Thebasiccom o re stringent p i letes therequiredstudies,EPAreviewsthem ght startwithhighthroughput s. Becausetheaim Comment citer cedocument: a enting theresults.Thatis m m s. a ental fate,hazardsto ls, safepackaging,eas ponents ofthediscove o them apesticide. on ofcellularreceptors,structure-activityrelationships,and re onproject ponents ofdevel pounds ayear.

ent. Oftentim ental fate ately totesting invarious a y beconf ical IndustryResearchandDevelopm istofulf o Archives andRecordsAdm re intensiveandexpensive andpotentialeffectsofacom m a licting desiderata.Forexam in vitro process drawsm

havetobeperform nagem ill establishedandrigiddatarequirem es itisnotstraightforwardtorunacom d intheCodeofFederalRegulations,Part158 eas of:physico-chem hum guidelines, guidance,andpolicydocum nce insoilisnot.Nonetheless,regulators opm ndividual studieshavetobeintegratedintoa The fewcom not tosaythatcreativityand“basic’science a y toapply,stableinstorage),andeconom ower, com oneactiveingredient,sotherewillhaveto king requirem ry processarebioassaysknownasscreens. ent), userfriendliness(e.g.,lowacuteand in thefield.Becauseaim ans anddom ent arethestudiesrequiredtosupporta e screenswithcapacitiesofthousandsor nt, theabilitytofollowdetailedstudy andhaspolicy-derivedstandards p etitive, patentable).Duetothe pounds thatexhibitactivityin o e st oncreativityand“basic” estic anim nts foracceptablepesticides e i d underGoodLaboratory nistration. 634p. ent. Parts150to189. ical properties,residues in vivo ent Expenditure.A als, andhazardsto pound. Oncethe ple, longresidual screensinthe istofind e nts, this pound ents. 117 ic

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). environm reasonable certaintyofnoharm first ensurethatthepesticide,whenusedacco Agency). Beforeregisteringanewpesticideor person orcom ‘Federal lawrequiresthatbeforesellingordi University Andrew Birt,KnowledgeEngineeringLaborat Use ofEcologicalModelingForPesticideRiskAssessm cases, dem sensible butconservativeecologicalprinciples risk assessm further argum potential toim sim are atieredapproachandassum determ provide detailedguidancedocum thorough understandingofstandardriskassessm It isarguedthatinordertodevelopsucce and individuals. used toassesstheriskofapesticideproductecologicalsystem hum European Union.Thisregulationprocessinvolve stated goalofm population orpharm toxicological com of pesticidestothenon-target organism that arepotentiallyunsaf assessm The paperalsodem is asensibleapproachfornum predict absoluterisk.W approach adoptedintheguidancedocum In thispaperitisarguedthatthesehigher ‘higher tier’ecologicalm often usedtodem outlined intheguidancedocum p 2. 1. an health,andtoecologicalsystem le m ine aquantitativeriskassessm be availableto level of The focusofallm Data isusuallynotavailabletoadequate ent. Com ent’( odels thatrepresentworst-casescen onstrating theecologicalsafetyof ent escalatestothenextTierwher ents needtobepresented.However, www.epa.gov p pact ecologicalsystem detail-inthiscaseworstsim any m odeling shouldbetocut thr pounds thatreachthehigher-tierriskassessm ponents (increasedm onstrate safety,butm Comment citer cedocument: acological m onstrates anim u fully st obtainregistration,or o e. Itf rking throughanum odels. validateecologicalm odeling shouldbetosi ). Sim o llows thatecol tohum ber ofreasons: entation. Atthisst

i ents thatoutlinedatarequirem ng worst-casescen odel willalwaysresultin som ilar registrationisnecessaryform s. Ifsafety ent f portant pr an health o s. This rtality, or o o ent andwo re r r ecologicalsaf ough thevariabilityand com a productrequiresrefinem tier ecologicalm ssful ecologicalm ber population ofinterest.In otherwords,adding ogical m e inputstothem arios f ecently therehasbeeninterestintheuseof ory, Departm license,from stributing apesticideintheUnitedStates, rding tolabeldirections,canbeusedwitha canbedem (i.e. inputsbecom paperdiscussesthedevelopm new use oblem andwithoutposingunreasonableriskstothe en ly validateecologicalm odels. reduced fecundityordevelopm p of increasinglyrefinedworstcasescenarios ifsafetycannotbedem s thedem lif t practiceisneeded.Regulatoryauthorities m age fieldstudiesorsem arios. Thef ications. p o lify realworldsystem ofusingecologicalm rk torefineriskratherthantrying r thepesticidesintendeduseandit’s odels willinevitablyshowsom ent foraregisteredpesticide,EPAm e onstrated usingTier1m ty. Keyf e onstration ofacceptablerisksto EPA(Environm nt ofEntom odels shouldextendthetiered odels arerefinedaccordingto e i ent arebiasedtowardsthose e odels forriskassessm nts andm rst step(ortier)istof quantifiableeffect.Since a s –ecosystem e lessworst-case).Insom a eatures of rkets inCanadaandthe e nt beyondthem odels andwillnever p o odels tobeused lexity encountered logy, TexasA&M onstrated, thenthe i -field studiesare s toanecessary ental Protection odels forrisk ent ofm thisguidance s, populations ent etc)toa odels, no e ef o ent a odels odels llow 118 f u ect st e

ploy transparent,m a p them tions outlined e theeffectsshown e odel outputs. ntal results. endm atical m ent: ple adem odels so e ents wherenecessary.Itisarguedthatthis a e m ty ny m

odels worktoahighlevelofprecision,these is dem dem a m e in them in factorsarenecessarytom a thod ofrefiningrisk)whereeffectsm It isnotedthatthissituationoppositeto odeling studieswheretheprim nagem an thebasic,testableassum that theassum onstra s oftheriskassessm onstrated). Thisallowsthereviewerto echanistic andecologicallyintuitive onstrated byconcludingnodif by them species orcontextualizingusing e odel representanacceptable,worst- tion oftheecologicaleffectsa nt strategy,acost-benefitanalysis odel intoawidercontextof p tions ofthem odel shouldbevery ent (individuals, a ke highertier p tions of odel canbe ary focuses f e rences a y be the 119 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). responsible forthedecline ofwinterm on release largenum developing am in Europe.W populations ofwinterm ichneum introduction oftwoparasitoidsfrom invasions bythisspeciesinNovaScotiaa recently invadedeasternMassachusettsandis The winterm University of Soil andInsectScience,GraduateProgr Joseph Elkinton,GeorgeBoettner,BrendaW Biological ControlofW substantial challenges. insect hasrecentlybeenfoundinthenortheas successfully controlledthewoodwas Asia thatappeartobegoodcandidatesforcontro the Asianlonghornedbeetle,andsirexwoodwas last threeexam detailed m presentation ofanactive,operationalprogram m the eucalypts,issueiscontinuedin winter m and Eucalyptuspests.Eventhesewell-docum system the dam uncontrolled. Classicalbiologicalcontrolisso Future forestscoulddiffergreatlyfrom Recent invasionsintoNorthAm Moderators: ScottSalom echanism C. albicans Shaping FutureForests:UsingClassicalBiologicalControltoReduceHarmfrom s, startingwithtwoexam a onid, o ge toforestscausedbynon-nativeinsectpests.Thisworkshopfocusedonarangeof th, itistheestablishm onitoring andevaluationforestablishm oftheirintroductionisnotwellunderstood.Thiswasfollowedbythe Massachusetts e becauseitspecializeson winterm o ples consideredbiologicalcont haveintroduced Agrypon flaveolatum th, a ss rearingeffortforthistachin bers of Operophtera brumata Comment citer cedocument: Roy VanDriesche,UniversityofMassachusetts o i thisparasitoidatm nter MothInNewEngland th nowpersistindefinitely , VirginiaTech,MichaelE.Montgom

ent ofbiological ples ofsuccessful

C. albicans erica showthe Invasive ForestInsects p inpineplantations;howeverforestsystem . Asaresultoftheseintroductions,low-density o th dens Europe,thetachinid : aleaf-feedinggeom their nd BritishColum a atonelocationinMassachusettsandweare rols forthenewlyintroducedem

ny locationsinthef for thehem am h ities inCanada,W ented successesposenewchallenges.Forthe troduction ofnewexoticpests,wherethe ite m tern U.Sarem causingwidespreaddefoliation.Previous controls asitspreadsintonewlocations.For o l ofthetwoform id anditswinterm classicalbiologicalcontrol,thewinterm historical com inOrganism ent andsuccessofBCagentsreleased.The e th a d, andAdam p. Severalparasitoidshavebeenfoundin tim continued vulnerabilityofnativeforests. intheseregionssim nd itisthoughttobethe agentprim es thebestoronlyoptionforreducing l ock woollyadelgid,whichrequires b ia havebeensuppressedbythe ery, USDAForestServiceand ic andEvolutionaryBiology, Porter,Departm u position ifinvadersareleft etrid nativetoEurope,has e ch m er species.Nem Cyzenis albicans haveestablishedlong-term u ture. W o th hostsothatwecan o re com ilar tothosethatexist e f o erald ashborer, cus ouref p lex andpose e s wherethis a nt ofPlant, todes have andthe arily f o 120 o rts th

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). with theintroductionofanothereggparasitoid, discovered feedingonbluegum southern California.Inadditi was im an encyrtideggparasitoid.However,ata Successful biologicalcontrolwasach and classicalbiologicalcontrolwasdevelopedto m Australia, wasfirstdetectedinsouthernCalif pests anddiseasesuntilthem Eucalypts werefirstplanted T. D.Paine,Departm Conflicts OfInterestinInvasiveSpecies:Cl between possiblehybridsofthesetwospecies,am m exclusively Brucespanworm areas knowntobedefoliatedbywinterm southern coastalMaine.W Connecticut, throughallofRhodeIsland,eastern species. W Operophtera bruceata winter m pherom W parasitism m an im continuing challengetoim southern partofthestate.Itisunclearw introduced intoCaliforniasince1984.Allbutone total, therehavebeenatleast16insecthe psyllid, acom gum project iscurrentlyunderwaytointroduceapara that successfullyreducedpopulationsoftheblue unsuccessf was attem itochondrial geneofspecim a onitoring plotswherewewillquantif e nagem conductedasurveyforwinterm lerppsyllid,and,hopefully,toconseque portant com one-baited stickytrapsinNovem plem e o p bef nt program ul. Prof th andtheNorthAm ted againstthechrysom ented, asecondceram e recoveredwinterm o m re andaf e ponent inthem nsal speciesassociatedwithth essor DonaldDahlsteninitia Comment citer cedocument: e involvingspeciessusceptib . W nt ofEntom ter establishm e plem e useddissectionofm caughtwinterm in Calif . W e i on, afoliagefeedingcurculionid, d-1980’s. ns ofthesetwo ent effectiveprot s. Thisinsect

a nagem o e logy, UniversityofCalifornia,Riverside e confirm o bycid, lid tortoisebeetle, erican congenerofwinterm ornia inthem ths atsites ent of ieved followingtheintroductionof o y densitie e th acrosssouthernandeasternNewEnglandwith o nt strategy. b Phoracantha semipunctata ths. er hy orhowtheintroductionsoccur,butthereis a

pproxim Phoracantha recurva assical BiologicalControlInCaliforniaEucalypts C. albicans. e ornia in1984.Acom o d and Decem wasbroughtundercom th rbivores from Anaphes nitens Traps furtherwestandnorthsouthcaught these identificationsbysequencingtheCO1 species. Thistechniquedoesnotdistinguish ted twoclassicalbiologicalcontrolprogram ntly reducepopulationsofthelem a gum s inareasthatwereatleast100km Massachusetts,coastalNewHam ection oftheresource.Biologicalcontrolis e lerpsofthespottedgum lim le genita that stretchedfrom sitoid from s of ility, hostplantresistance,culturalcontrol, a i tter thatwillrequirefurtheranalyses. a of thesehavebeendiscoveredfirstinthe d-19 tely thesam it treem psyllidandtheredgum winterm Glycaspis brimblecombii

th ber 2005.Thetrapsattractedboth Centuryandwerefreefrom lia todistinguishbetweenthesetwo Australiatocontrolthespotted fourdifferentfeedingguilds o . Abiologicalcontrolprogram rtality inurbanf o th lif e Gonipterus scutellatus , wasdiscovered,againin tim p rehensive integratedpest , aceram o theeasterncornerof e stagesanddocum p th, Brucespanworm e asbiologicalcontrol lete biologicalcontrol Avetianella longoi lerppsyllid.In lerppsyllid.A bycid nativeto o , butproved rest settings. p from shire, and on gum insect , was any 121 ent s , ,

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). The hem Experim Massachusetts andCaroleCheah,USDAFore Forest Service,RoyVanDriesche,PSIS, Scott M.Salom Status ofBiologicalControlEffortsForTheHem release conditionofthebeetles iscritical. field anddram at anyofthereleasesites.Cagedstudies in theseasonthan synchronous withtheHW Three HW with increasingnum W established. Between2003and2005,over14,000beetleswerereleasedat30locations. future. Additionally,duetothedifficultyin laboratories arecurrentlyinvolvedinrearing pupae andaestivatingadultsinthesoil,lim developing. Itisdifficulttorearbecauseit cycle ofHW hem Laricobius nigrinus HW established inseveralareas,thenum released throughouttherangeofHW principal biologicalcontrolagentreleased control agent.Itism Connecticut in1995.Allindicationssuggested Sasajiscymnus tsugae following isabriefsum program program have witnessedit.In1996,theHW devastation toeasternandCarolinahem eastern U.S.from introduced pestthatwasofm Scymnus sinuanodulus only sm e havealreadydocum A hasbeendifficulttodocum A isplannedforthenext3years. l ock forestsofwesternNorthAm Scymnus all num hascontinuedtodateworkingwith usinglim e l nt Station ock woollyadelgid(HW A, andisactiveinthewinter atic reductionofHW ladybeetleshavebeenim bers havebeenreleasedin , Departm theearly1950’stom L. nigrinus ited availableresourcestoobt Comment citer cedocument: isaderodontidpredatorofhem bers beingrecapturedever , acoccinellidpredatorim werereleasedin7states,buttoda u m lti-voltine andrelativel ented itsestablishm a A lifecycle,buttheir e ry ofpredatorreleasesforbiologicalcontrol. nt ofEntom . Like odest

ent. A ), A populations A intheeaste L. nigrinus A W bers rec consequence tothenativehem Adelges tsugae erica. It o l l howeverhavedocum ported from ocks si ogy, VirginiaTech,MichaelMontgom overthepastdecadewith1,000,000beetles o a fewareas.From rk ent at iting itsproductionandreleasenum is univoltineandspendsthesum whenHW overed usuallyareverylowanditsim ing GroupCoordinatingCom with m several partnersandsourcesoffunding.The laboratory rearing,fieldinsectariesarebeing i larvae arepresentduringm d-1980’s. Itexplosiveexpansionandfatal , the y easytorear.Asaresultithasbeenthe DivisionofEntom nce thattim isprey-specific,synchronouswiththelife y yearpost-release.Im ported from l ock W rn U.S.Althoughithasbeenreportedtobe that thiswouldbeanexcellentbiological st ServiceandConnecticutAgricultural m . Thecagestudiesalsoindicatethatpre- ain biologicalcontrolofthispest.This China.Thesearealsoprey-specificand Scymnus o o re than80%oftheearlyreleasesites, Annand re groupsgettinginvolvedinthenear oolly Adelgid l te, thisbeetlehasnotbeenrecovered ock woollyadelgid,nativetothe A sistensareactivelyfeedingand e havebeensoberingtoallwho Japanwasfirstintroducedinto beetlesaredifficulttorearand 2004to2005,atotalof4,000 , ented goodreproductioninthe (Hem iptera: Adelgidae)isan l o ocks ( logy, Universityof pact assessm i d-late spring,later m ittee initiateda Tsuga m e ery, USDA r m bers. Three spp.)of onths as pact on ent on 122

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). (2006) thatHW coccinellid andhem pest initsnativehabitat.Thise effort wasneededtobringinadditionalbiologi In 2004,theHW establishm release dataf Com The em Introduction Research,andJohnStrazanac,W ARS, EuropeanBiologicalControlLab,Paul ARS, BeneficialInsectsIntroductionResear Laboratory, HoupingLiu,Dept.ofEntom Research Station,JuliGould,USDA-APHIS, Chinese Academ Roger Fuester,USDA-ARS,BeneficialIn Classical BiologicalControlOfEm 99: 195-203. pinpoints thesourceofintroductiontoeastern DNA from Havill, N.P.,M.E.Montgom References through technicalandlogisticalim docum our chancesbydeterm to givethetreesachancesurvive.However, the sim It isstillunknownatthistim new biologicalcontrolagent. being studiedunderquarantine.Earlyindications result, anew southern Japanhasencouragedustofocusm biological controlisindicated forthefollo attacking varioushardwoods, thoughitprefer on North Am Anoplophora glabripennis Fraxinus p rehensive docum entation oftheirestablishm u erald ashborer, ltaneous expansionofpredatorcom erica from ent andim hem spp.,whereastheAsian longhornedbee Laricobius o l r allpredatorreleasessites.Thiswillallowustobetterdocum ock woollyadelgid(Hem A ineasternU.S.isgeneticallyidenticaltoHW y ofForestry,Beijing,LeahBa A BiologicalControlgroupdecide Comment citer cedocument: theFarEast.Theem i pact of pteran predatorsfrom entation ofallnewreleases sp.hasbeenfoundandim ining theoptim (Motschulsky),arebothinvasiveplantpestsrecently introducedto Agrilus planipennis theagentsovertim ery, G.Yu,S.Sh e if

thecontinuedintroductionofbiologicalcontrolagentsand ent andim provem eral ffort wasfocusedonobtainingadditional d AshBorerAndAsianLonghornedBeetle um e eral o iptera: nts inrearingandreleasestrategies. l Ch p ogy, MichiganSt.Univ.,MichaelSm com pact, o ch, FranckHérard,DavidW lex willsuppressHW sects IntroductionResearch,Yang,Zhong-qi, d ashborer(EAB)isanoligophagousbuprestid wing reasons:bothspecies arrivedinNorth re e iyake, andA.Caccone.2006.Mitochondrial e cal controlagentsandtolearnm st VirginiaUniversity itisessentialthatwekeeptryingtoim Fairm ina. TherecentrevelationbyHavilletal. Schaefer,USDA-ARS,BeneficialInsects s m in Japanthanwaspreviouslyplanned.Asa uer, USDAForestService,NorthCentral are thatthispredatorhasgreatpotentialasa Adelgidae) suggestscrypticspeciationand North Am p and increasethefrequencyoftheirreleases PestSurvey,DetectionandExclusion isnowinplacetocollectpre-andpost- lex ofinsectstousethroughthorough ported into a tle (ALB)isapolyphagous, ceram d thatanexpandedforeignexploration ples, poplarsandwillows. Classical a ire, andAsianlonghornedbeetle, erica. Ann.Entom theU.S.whereitiscurrently A populationssufficiently A on T. seiboldii illiam o l. Soc.Am o re aboutthe ith, USDA- Laricobius s , USDA- from prove bycid 123 ent er. ,

i ising naturalenem sphere. Itwassucha problem enoptera: Eurytom A. chinensis alidae), and A. glabripennis ofEABbynativeparasitoidsinMI A. chinensis enoptera: Eulophidae],verylikely F., awoodwasp(Hym W p erica areinprogressorplannedatU.S.laboratories. Boucekand Sclerodermus eggsbutnotfrom e Comment citer cedocument: les f sm Sirex Noctilio . Fiveof ael (Hym inthesam Sclerodermus guani ies ofEABfoundare Fairm r ies ofALBanditscongener, i om dae), ber ofcharacteristic o NYandILindicat ine if re extensivelyinSouthKorea,andChina.Todate,them ies ofEABha W Oobius agrili a

ire (Coleoptera:Colydiidae) bers, butare sp.(Hym Calosota vernalis ilson, USDAForestService,SRS,Centerfor Bottom ies witha thelatterlarvalparasitoids( enoptera: Braconidae), e exoticpa InNorthAm area. Trigonoderus enoptera: Siricidae) inAustralianpineplantations ( a China, A. chinensis Spathius agrili le-b ALB.Sixlarvalectoparasitoids, enoptera: Bethylidae)wererecoveredfrom ies a (ZhangandHuang)(Hym XiaoandW ve beenconductedonalim narrow hostrangeattackALBinAsia.Field iased sexratioand>1generationperhost rasitoids of known toattackotherceram is toolow(<1%)tosuppressEABpopulations. em Tetrastichus known tobeattackedbynaturalenem s thatincreasethelikelihoodofsuccessas originating from erica both gregariouslarvalectoparasitoids,have nd appeartobem er theyhavebeenplanted intheSouthern ies ofbothspecieshavebeenconductedin e thatparasitism from

Curtis(Hym werem princeps Chinaandinclude(1)thesolitary (Yang)(Hym EABandALBwillattackbeetles nativetoEurope,Asia andNorth A. chinensis u sp.(Hym Eurytoma melanoneura (Hym a . Bothparasitoidscanbem (W de nearthelatterspecies’initial easternAsia,wasrecovered Aprostocetus anoplophorae C. vernalis enoptera: Bethylidae)and estwood) (Hym i bynativeparasitoidsis nor pestsintheFarEast, enoptera: Eupelm enoptera: Eulophidae). enoptera: Braconidae), (Förster) enoptera: Encyrtidae), Pinus radiata ited basisinJapan, bycids. Itrem excepted)also , havebeen enoptera: Wa Spathius ) inthe 1 idae), st l a l a 124 /2 and ies. k o ins ss- e nd st r

usedaEuropeannem andkeptthepopulationbeloweconom

Sirex Sirex noctilio s (seetable1.).W a f todes ective controlof Comment citer cedocument: Sirex noctilio wasproposed. andreleasenem erican pineecosystem toNorthAm

i wasdiscoveredinNewYorkState.Studiesthesum

sphere, pine u byusandothersaddresses;e ch lesseco biological controlprogram a

tode, ed anda Sirex noctilio e a anticipat todes), developm erican forestconditions. Deladenus siricidicola A f Few pinefeedinginsects One exoticfungus Southern Single pinem Single exoticsiricid One exoticnem m logically com

e onoculture, plantationecosystem

w parasitoidsintroducedf is m classical biologicalcontrolstrategyusing e thatf usingthenem ic injurythresholds. o

re ecologicallycom u onoculture ent rther researchwillberequiredto p a tode lex thanNorthAm of trapsandlures,questions wasdevelopedtom ffectiveness oftraptrees(a thateffectivelysterilized a tode ispossiblebutwe p r om lex thanSouthern theUS. erican, native s wherethe a nage it. m e 125 r of

entation orconservationof p thepest’slif atibility withIPM. ent andim a a y haveonnontargetsspeciesinvolves Isasupplem intained throughouttherearingproce o o y becom y establishm r determ r ensuringthehighestquality?W y presentationtoexpressspecifi theinf a y requirealengthyperiodoftim Comment citer cedocument: pact? Arecertainstrategies e ining them anuisancepest?W e cycle.Thesetripscanbeexpensiveandresultinlittleof Moderator: FredP.Hain,NCStateUniversity o rm ent. Canm ental foodsourcenece ent sothatthesp ation thatiscollectedrelatesonlytonaturalenem W Challenges toBiologicalControl ies areofrela naturalenem

h i nim at shouldbe nativenaturalenem a arily tocon ss reari u ies shouldbeestablished. m a them duration ill itdisplacenativenaturalenem native rangem field insectaryareasonablealternativeform tively shortdurationandrepresentonlya pact thattheintroductionofnon-nativenatural ng, im eakers, andaudienceparticipants,canprovidea gn explorationishowthepestpopulation ging. Thesefactorsnorm th ati ies thedistribution(clum gn explorationandthesuitabilityofpestfor ral enem

d beem ill rearingm c concernsabouttheconceptofbiological cerns aboutnontargeteffects.Therefore,itis cal m classical biologicalcontrol,haschanged betterforcertaintypesoforganism ible strategyforpestm e Pestf requires strictqualitycontrolstandardsthat ssary ordesirableforasuccessfulrelease? ss. W both ethicalandecologicalconsiderations. and thetypeofinform city iscurrentlyatrait that isconsidered pact onnontargets,postreleaseevaluation e studyingthepestinitsnativerange. odels bedevelopedthatpredictboth ployed thatm y includestrongcolonizing ability, h o ies abetteralternative?W a at arethecriteriathatneedtobe r Biocontrol:Frequentlyf y beoverlooked.Afundam u ltiple generationsof p a ed, random

xim a a ation tobecollected i nagem lly m ze thelikelihoodof ies?

ean anatural ies, them e , uniform nt. Itisthe thenatural practical s? W o ill the reign e ntal 126 ) of a h a in ss at

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). costly program etc. ).Therearelogical ways tom caused thepests(treem Measurem leads toquestionsabouthowbiologicalcontrolefficacy canbem has ledtoconsiderableskepticism som evaluation. Failurestoestablishm or ifthereisaperceptionthatanintroducti reduce dam predators andpathogensarefrequentlyintrodu becom However, m insects, m Although webenefitfrom C. W Com Evaluation OfBiologicalControl:HowDoW group considerim questions duringthisworkshop.Thefinalproductw biocontrol agent?If or toleranceofthehosttreebeingattacked on itsown,itm other biocontrolagents? IPM. Shouldn’tbiocontrolagentsbeevaluated control program Com of anaturalenem play aroleinanIPMprogram of thenaturalenem other factorsshouldbeincludedinanevaluati thought outpost-releaseevaluationshouldinclude was oneoflookingforasilverbullet:ifitwo released withoutgivingadequatethoughttopos Post-release EvaluationandCom the failurerateislikelytoincreasewithhostspecificityaddedasacriterion. better thanthe1:200,000ratioforpesticidesteste agents testedhasbeen1:10.Inforestrythera desirable characteristics?Accordingtoth desirable. W e p p a successf atibility withIPMdoesnotseem atible W yne Berisford,Departm e establishedwithoutthefullcom u ent criteriaforsuccessobviouslywillbedifferent dependingonthetypeofdam ch ofitgoesunnoticedwhenpopulationsarem a a h ge. Unfortunately,thefollow-upsubsequenttosuch releasesisoftenincom ny ofourcurrentandem at isthelikelihoodoffindingahos ul establishm ith IPM? s todeterm a s. Infact,biocontrolfrequentlyseem y beanim y isconsideredasuccessorfailure? portant form y inapestm Comment citer cedocument: so,how?Thespeakers o W rtality, degradeoflum ine populationdensitie agreatdealofnatu ents of portant com h ile aspecificbiocont e ? nt ofEntom a W intaining thevigorofdisciplinebiologicalcontrol.

a p naturalenem nagem atibility withIPM: regardingev easure succe a h ny prom at areth erging fore tobeam ponent to e nt stra o logy, UniversityofGeorgia e IOBCthesuccessratioofbiologicalcontrol p isi e criteriathatdeterm on failedtoestablish,therem lem on thatwouldhelpusdeterm and theaudiencewilladdresstheseother b rks, great;ifitdoesn’t,keeplooking.Awell ng biocontrolagents,littleobviousim by thepestbeconsideredwhenreleasinga ss ofatleastsom ies and/orinadequatef tegy? aluation ofbiologicalcontrolprogram ral biologicalcontrolform a ced inattem er, growthloss,form t-release evaluation.Thestrategyapparently tio iscloserto3:10.W s orpopulationgrowth by m t specificnaturalenem st pestsareforeignintroductionswhichhave e jor considerationinm e an IPMapproach.Shouldn’ttheresistance d, itstillrepresentsahighfailurerate.And for theircom MeasureSuccess?IsBiologicalControl nt rol agentm m oftheirnaturalenem

ill bealistofcriticalissuesthatweas Inotherwords,canthenaturalenem o In thepast,biocontrolagentshavebeen re thanjustim s tobepresentedasanalternative a p intained belowoutbreaklevels. a ts tosuppresspopulationsand y notbeabletocontrolapest p atibility withpesticidesand easured. e ine whetheranintroduction biocontrolagentswithout loss, pact onthehost.W o o llow upaf y withalloftheother st classicalbiological h ile thisiscertainly ine thesuitability a a ies. Parasitoids, ny nativeforest y benofurther easuring effects ter releases, pact of s. This p lete, 127 a h ge at y Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). The southernpineengraver, system frequency offavoredgypsym before andafterthereem m efficacy ofthecom of spreadintonewareasandinthefrequenc inf reem and pathogensm host speciessuchasoaks,wascom m portion ofeasternU.S.sinceitsintroductionin1869.Initialim The gypsym integrated m use ofbiologicalinsecticidesandcertain“hard”whichm inf Cushm parasitoid of utilizes biologicalinsecticides,certain“hard” radiata D.Don California, ArizonaandNewMexico.Severe it wasintroducedintothesouthwesternU.S. where populationsareregulatedbyasuiteofpa The NantucketPineTipMoth, be m nontarget im system integrated approachwhichincludestreatm survival ofthehosts.Theintroductionpredator to surviveandresum beetles inthehopethatadelgidpopulationswillbe our forests.Abiologicalcontrolprogram hem the easternU.S.during1950' The Hem their potentialcom control program plans forintegratedpestm on treehosts.Thereisalsosom accidently introducedinto Australiaduringthe to theU.S.whereitis generallyconsidered oved intopreviouslyuninfestedregions.H o e e rtality, therelativefrequencyofoutbreaksa sted treestoresum stations tocollapse. l i ergence ofafungalpathogenwhich ock whereithasthepotentialtoessentiallyelim nim whichreliesonbiologicalagentsandthejudicious applicationofpesticides. ic insecticideswhichareinjectedintotreesorthesoilbeneathtrees.Potential a n (Hym a l ock W l. a thetipm pact isthereforelowandanyadve nagem o th, s f enoptera: Ichneum oolly Adelgid, in Californiaprom a Lymantria dispar o p y havehelpedtom b r f atibility withanintegratedcontrolsystem e Comment citer cedocument: ined effectsofbiological nt system e o o growth.Theobviouscrite e rest insects,withcrite th f growthandregainlost Entomophaga maimaiga ergence of a r nagem om Ips grandicollis . Rhyacionia frustrana o its e

Adelges piceae th hostsinforest concernthat e nativerange.Theestablishm onidae) reduced nt system s andhasspreadthroughm m Entomophaga L. (Lepidoptera:Lym pted thedevelopm on. Theintr isunde odera e ria forevaluationofsuccessandobservationson nt ofhem s. (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) isnative eavy treem had beenintroducedin1910causedm pesticidesandtheintroductionofacom te populationexplosionssom control agentscanbem biological controlm to bearelativelym rse im W dam y oflocalizedoutbreaks.Evaluationsthe inthe1970' f rasitoids, predatorsandpathogens.However, 1940' (Hem r waywhichconsistsofreleasingpredacious o e has causedadram standsm rion forsuccessinthiscaseissim sufficientlyreducedtoallowinfestedhosts nd therateofspreadnewinfestations oductions ofseveralparasitoids,predators . Silviculturaltreatm rm provideheresom s iscom tipm a ge toornam inate easternandCarolinahem (Com pact onthebiocontrolagentswilllikely . Thisparasitoidiscom s. Itwasinitiallyestablished inforests iptera: Adelgidae)wasintroducedinto l ocks withinsecticidalsoaps,oilsor en o o rtality, particularlyam stock) isnativetotheeasternU.S. a t of th dam p a ntriidae) hasspreadoveralarge atible withtheotherfacetofan s andcurrentlyinfestsareasof y beintegratedintothecurrent . anintegratedsystem pacts weresevereasthem ent of u e ch oftherangeeastern ntal m

a a i ge sufficientluytoallow nor pest.Thebeetlewas y notbecom atic reductionintherate e exam a Campoplex frustranae e de bycom a nts whichreducethe onterry pines, y beincludedinan ples ofbiological p e atible withthe what, butthe ong favored p p atible with l aring tree ock f which p ly the Pinus m r 128 a o om on ny th

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). regulation. Butbecause tim as possible,thenchoose naturalenem Now iftim success evaluatedbeforeinitiationofforeignexploration. area com distribution, probablecenteroforiginpesta inform all thebackgroundinform In planningforforeignexploration,considerable Response toForeignExplorationIssues: cases itiscom pests, alternativepestm Additionally, withtheincreasedfrequencyof It shouldalsobeacknowledgedthatnotall concept atrisk. enem that isatrisk,butthedesireofpractitione strict host-rangetesting,therisksarem unique am the consequencesintroductionsm Biological controlhasalwayscarriedinherent Response toIntroductoryRem Scott M.Salom Challenges ToBiologicalControl infested treesandtim parasitoids havebecom and ultim relative lossesinplantationsofvariousages, m and initially inthestateof Two speciesofhym beetle-infested m predacious beetleswereintroducedintoAustralia was consideredtobeasignificantthreat populations. However,iteventuallym that werenoteconom o rtality whichaveragedf Dendrosoter sulcatus ies bycurtailingthedurationofhostspecific ation onpest,itseconom p ately onlossesbef ong biologicalcontrolpractitioners.Iw ared withnewarea).Soviabilityof e isnotanissue(anditalways is), p , letely reasonabletoconsiderbiologicalcontrolas anoption. Departm onterrey pinesinCalifornia. Comment citer cedocument: enopterous parasitoidsfrom ely thinningstom SouthAustralia. ically viableandther e a e partofanintegrated nagem nt ofEntom ation thatcanbeassem r Musebeck (Braconidae)werefoundtocause e isalwaysanissue,we needtoIDareasforexploration,m om a o rks: ic status,hostpl re andaf

12to18percent.Evaluationsof e nt toolsare a y haveonnon-targets,suchdiscoursesarenotnewor o oved into a logy, VirginiaTech Roptrocerus xylophyagorum intain treevigortohelpresist i nim ies thatappeartobe key factorsinpopulation ter esta . Severalhym i zed. rs/sponsors toexpeditethereleaseofnatural by allm often notavailabletorespondwith.Inthese nd relatedspecies,andclim NEs im risks. W ant distribution,nativeandcurrentgeographic efore noattem itially instandswithandwithoutparasitoids BCisgreatlyconsideredandpossibilityof introduction ofdestructive,invasive,exotic valuable m system effortfirstgoesintogatheringandstudying theSoutheast(Georgia)wereestablished, blishm Itisnottheconceptofbiologicalcontrol from ould arguethatwithcarefulscreeningand ity testingtoreducecoststhatplacesthe eans studythesystem b ported fortestingshouldbereleased. thesoutheasternU.S.andfrom led (ie.taxonom h thatincorporatesrapidsalvageof ent of ile recentdebateshavecenteredon onterrey pineplantationswhereit enopterous parasitoidsandtwo thesenaturalenem p ts werem successwerebasedon (Ratzeberg) (Torym I. grandicollis ic andlifehistory atic rangeofnative abroadasdeeply a de tom I. grandicollis attacks. ies. The a bark idae) nage 129 a ke

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). requirem Mass rearingoperationscanbeenorm Response toMassRearingIssues: procedures overtim The bottom Do theBCagentsaggregateorfeedsingly,co are released. Another issueishowm natural enem and thenaturalenem som Developm Response toIntroductionStrategyIssues: dynam introduced peststartsfeedingonnewhosts,perhap Predicting successofintroducingNEsinnewhab lack oftrainedpersonnel,equipm Som available, studythem appropriate contactsandarrangem 3. Minim 1. 2. e e tim tim i Environm Nutritional Requirem cs ofthepredator-prey/parasitoid-hostsystem a. Itishardtosim b. Dietshavebeendevelopedforparasitoids a. QualityofthehostcanaffectNEdevelopm a. Keepfacilitiescleanand freeofentom es oneneedstostartbybest-guessingbasedonknowledgeofthepest’sdistribution, es theinfrastructureataforeignloca e nts. Issuestoconsiderinclude: ent ofanoptim 1. NELifecyclem developm 2. Physicalorchem 1. Forparasitoids,dietsincludechickenyolk,powderedm Still aworkinprogress!! 2. W 1. Preferredvs.alternativehost? lineistogetBCagentsoutintoth y established.IfitisagoodBCagent,willsearchoutandfindthepest. i zing contam host/prey and bovineserum challenge. h ental requirem at kindofshapeishostin? e, conductingappropriatesystem Comment citer cedocument: ental substrate,etc.) short-term y’s abilitytodisperseandes a ny BCagentsdoyouhave ination al releasestrategy u e late fieldenvi nts oftheNE e ical cuesm , andifpossible nts

ent, andfacilities).

a e y becom nts, determ ously va

ronm y beneededtogettheNEfeed.

e –m async m tion doesnotlenditselftolong-term is critical.Butagain,whentim in riable dependingontheNEanditsbiological e environm p ent (ie.Tem ship toquarantineintheUSforfurtherstudy. eting whereconspecificsaredense? opathogenic m e whetherpotentialprey-specificagentsare a itats isextrem in tablish itself s withlessresistance.Thiscanchangethe hronous withfieldphenologyoftarget torelease? tenance ofahealthyhostcolonycanbe atic studiestooptim ent andreproductivecapacity. . – m o ent quicklyandthenrefinerelease stly idiobionts,rareforpredators. p erature, photoperiod,hum . i Thism ely difficultbecauseoftenthe Thekeyistotrygetthe croorganism ilk, insecthem a ize release. y dictatehowm s. e islim study,(ie. o lym idity, ited, 130 a ph, ny

lif becom 5. FieldInsectariescansupplem 4. InfusingwildNEsintotherearingprocess e tableanalysiscanbe attem a. W b. Ifintroducingwildinsects,screenforpossiblepathogensthatm b. W a. Itiswelldocum

e ono-specific organism over labrearing. becom dying off. insects tobeincorporatedintothe as possible. populations intothelabcolony.Itisim Inbreeding andlostofhybridvigorm successfullyorunsuccessfullyestablished. a ild insectsareoftenlargerandlaym de. Ifwewaituntilhaveco pact onlyaftertheBCagentisdeem ild NEsshouldsupplem a pacts onNontargets: h nagem at isneeded? e s toodifficult.Overthelongterm Comment citer cedocument: ent andspreadclosely. e nt decision,cost-benefitor a ny cases,thecongenersarealsopests.Insom ented thatcontinuouslyr u ch abouttherelationshipofBCagentandits prey/ host.

s arenotnecessarily ent thelab e p adaptabilit ent alabcolony ted toassesstherole of s m m m few nativethistleswerealsoim e p

a ecologicalvalue.Agoodexam rol m letely “risk-free”IPMoptions,we’dneverget y bem colony…especially ifyounoticethecolony agents havenotonlysuppressedintroduced o

learn andim sing m ed established. y, andcanfeedoncloselyrelatedspeciesof re eggsthantheirlab-rearedcounterparts. to itifthepopulationofitspreycrashes? a riskanalysism y porta earing labsinsectsreducescolonyfitness. e tobecom u be avoidedbyperiodicinfusionofwild thebestchoice.IfBCagentistoohost- sk thistle.Theyhavedoneagreatjob , fieldinsectariesshouldbepreferred o illions $$oflossperyeartothecattle nt tostartwithaslargeageneticbase re desirable.Perhapsitcanfeedon or releaseinthefieldiflabrearing prove, butalsotojustifyeffort

e Host-specificity ispreferred, partoftheplant-pestsystem dif a y bewarranted.W f e rent m e casestheyarenot. pacted. Choices o a rtality f y accom ple isthe a h ctors, ile in p 131 any ,

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). establishm I. Hain ' which, forthetopicof“Introductionstrategies”were: Fred Stephen,Dept.ofEntom Challenges ToBiologicalControl why invasivepestssom agents. Resistancem Som considerations. Som Response toCom VII. VI. V. IV. III. II. Answers anddiscussionwasgeneratedinres suppressed. especially whenm e e caged releaseofNEisone A. m high searchefficiencybylong-livedadults,te effective predatorsare:m B. A. field. A. A. A. fuscipennis fem A. create m A. im ef resistanceinahostwouldbeidealandis tim C o f portant. ective parasitoids). Are certainstrategiesbetterfortypesoforganism Can m Release strategiesshouldbeem W Is asupplem W Having anexcellentresearchbaseonNEandhost. Although ageneralization,Hagen1976point Certainly m Again, thisneedstobetailoredthebiologyof theNE(andhost) W Needs tobetailoredthebiologyofNE(andhost) Yes ---butagainthisisdependentonthespecies.Eg.W Yes ---andthesearedeterm Sure ---butwithoutincrediblydetaile hallenges' re generationsthanprey. (Andthesecharacteristicsaresim a es onetacticdom les yieldedsuccess/contrasted h h h ent. at lifestageshouldbereleased? at arethecriteriathatwouldincr at shouldbethedistribution(clum odels thathavem a them parasitoidsagainstthesprucesawf relatedto"IntroductionStrategies": p atibility withIPMandHost-Resistance: a ental foodsourcenecessaryordesirableforasuccessful release? atical m Comment citer cedocument: y bedesirableforsom a u y beduetom e ltiple agentshavebeenreleasedandpestpopulationsdoappeartobe tim inates overothers,e es havevaryingim odels bedevelopedthatpredictbothestablishm o eaning. logy, Univ.ofArkansas u

ltivoltinism

of theoldesttechniques(eg. ined bydeta a ny factors. ployed th

withCanadianreleasesof10,000 e ease thelikelihoodofasuccessfulrelease? speci (non- p d biologicalstudies,wewon' ed, random pacts onthehost. im ponse toFredHain’schallengesspeakers, Theseshouldbestudiedtobetterunderstand iled knowledgeofNEandhostbiology.Eg. at m ither duetoefficacyorsocio-econom es, andm portant forthesuccessofbiologicalcontrol diapausing), narrowpreyspecificity,and ly. m p a erature thresholdssim xim s out---attributescom , uniform

ze thelikelihoodofnaturalenem a ybe essentialduringtransportto s? Vedalia ith ) oftherelease? ilar tothoseofthem Vedalia beetle),butcanbe ent andim t knowenoughto beetle10m ilar toprey,plus m Dahlbominus on tom

pact?

a 132 les/

o o ic st st y Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). species thattrulyarenaturalenem but theim host plant,orm escape from Invasive arthropodsbecom control bythism biological controltwoquestionsneedtobeaske At theearlieststageinconsiderationofaninva Roy VanDriesche,Univ.ofMassachusetts Foreign ExplorationAndSuitabilityOf given toaugm target hosts,naturalenem ash whiteflyparasitoids in Europeforcontrolof conditions arefavorable, asingleshortcollecting friendly, hostile,orrequiring ofcom governm travel easyordifficultintheareafrom controlled byclassicalbiologicalcontrolpreviously one, (3)arethereknownnaturalenem (2) isthepestpartofalargecosm the pestawellknowspeciestaxonom species m whiteflies). Howeverevenwithingroupsc difficulties thanprojectsagainstspeciesin com break newgrounds(e.g.,controloffireants targets, theywillbem in f suitability (groupswithnoprecedentsofclassical foliar feedinglarvae,conifersawflies, known tousuallybehighlysuitable(m introductions. Suitabilityofpestsforclassicalbi • • CRITICAL ISSUES ecological theory.Theim biological controlcanbeconsideredanapplieddiscipline,italsohasitsveryfoundationsin It wasstressedthatwem were m In forests,classicalbiologicalcontrolrem Successful biologicalcontrolprogram r uits orotherplantparts,spiderm a e de rapidlyandwithease inItaly,Fr nt ofthecountryfrom a portance ofnaturalenem y posegreaterorf controllingspecializednaturalenem entation andconservationofnaturalenem ovem e thod and(2)whatapproach Comment citer cedocument: e nt intoam o re difficultandtheodds ies andtheecosystem plications ofthisarethatknowledgeisoftenthekeytosuccess. u st considerthe e pestsbyseveral e wer dif

opolitan co o whichnaturalenem re perm y escapevers y lim whichnatu f ically, andin APestForBiologicalControl i p ites, rustm culties lex and ies ofth s de ealybugs, issive clim fundam a ite m ins im pend onknowledgeofbiologyandecology andm d willrespondfavorablytonaturalenem p s inwhichtheywillexist. ance andIsraelbecause thepestanditskey onsidered highlysuitabletargets,individual depending onseveralf m lex ofpopulationsorawelldefined,localized sive speciesasapotentialtargetforclassical Siphoninus phillyreae ological controlvariesfrom trip m ie inefficient exportprocedures. W echanism biological control,pestsinsoilorconcealed ral enem e pest,(4)hasthepestbeensuccessfully should betakentoseeknaturalenem of successarelower.Projectsthatseekto or adelgids)willfaceinherentlygreater us theothersm d: (1)isthepestintrinsicallysuitablef e portant, butadditionalem ites). W s, theirattackonanew,m inotherlocations,(5)arethelogisticsof arm term ntals ofbiologicalcontrol:eg.Although u m atic zone.Allthreefactorsm ltivoltine species)togroupswithlower only controlledgroups(m a ies. o ies aretobetakencooperativeand y suffice.Forexam red scales,leafm s ofitsdistributionandhostplants, ies aretobecollectedand(6)isthe s , whichincludepotentiallytheir h ile thelaterarenotim u st beassessedsinceonly (Haliday)inCalif actors, including(1)is i ners, beetleswith ple, collectionsof phasis shouldbe groupsthatare o re susceptible h ealybugs, a en these y apply, possible ornia 133 ies. o y r Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). valuable forim the pestinitsnativerangeforpurposeof in afewlocationsforthepurposeofbetterunderstandingnaturalenem targets m m whitef with m because thespecieswasnewtoscience,from ( friendly tosuchwork.Incontrastcoll natural enem Phenacoccus manihoti o re ef l y, shortcollectingtripstoawelldef o f re traveldifficulties,andhadnoknow o a rt willberequired.Dependingonth y belengthyeffortstocoverm y werewellknownandthelocations portation. Comment citer cedocument: Matille-Ferrero)forintroductioninAfricawerem

a ny di i

ne ections ofparasitoidscassavam an unknownlocationinalargecontinentalarea, recognizingwhichnaturalenem d locationm verse areas,orm n naturalenem e needs,collectiontripsf tobesearchedwerewelldevelopedand a y suf ies. Incasesresem a y belongcollectionefforts f i ce, butinthelattercase, ies associatedwith o r m o ies arem o re difficult re dif b ling ash ealybug f i cult 134 o st Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). m supervised classif To coverthethirdobjective ForestHealthPr (unidentified) oaktreediseaseusingLANDSAT im a specificareachangesoverthetim To coverthesecondobjectivetherewasanother c testing oversuchaclassification. LANDSAT im institute toconductaprojectidentifyspectral To coverthefirstobjectiveForestHealth Procedures over thetim Estim W Objectives wanted totesttheusefulnessofthistechniqueintwootherapproaches. to aerialsurveybecauseofsom using rem techniques totrylocatepotentiallydangerouss m checking overthesuspectedspotstoverify first togetageneralsurveyofm Program To gettheinform the threevariablesbeingconsidered. agents oftreedam adm One ofthem m disease problem forest healthissueswastoim Since thenewfederaladm Background Jaim The UseOfRem

a o a e inly byusingaerialsurveytechniques,how ps wereseldom re preciseSPOTim conductedanexperim i e VillaCastilloandDavidQuirozReygadas,CONAFORMexico nistrative purposes.Diagnosticofaspecifi ating potentialcurrentdam attheMexicanForestryAgency(C o te sensingtechniqueswithsatelliteim e and3toperform ages, alsotogenerateasupervis a atic causalagentsinMexico.Inthepastinform o jor inputswastodefinethespecificgeneralinform Moderator: RandyHam i ation requiredtoassessthedi te SensingTechniquesToSurv a produced. cation onoakm ge, theestim Comment citer cedocument: agery. e ntal program i nistration tookplace riskassessm prove theinfo ation oftheaff

e a a localproblem in ranges Decision SupportTools ges bypestand/ o rtality duetoanidentif toevaluatethepotentialuseofsatelliteim e inforestvegetationcoverduetoasuspected ilton, USDAForestService,RSAC ent. on aperStatebasisandsecondtoperform ONAFOR) beganwithatwolayeredapproach: Program rm ected areaandtheeffectivelytreatedwere ogram causal agent.Thegeneralsurveyisperform ever in2003webeganusingrem agnostic ofaspecificareaTheForestHealth s tooperatethelastonetechnique.W agery asaroutinarypracticeanalternative c areaincludingtheidentificationofcausal signatures ofbarkbeetleinfestedareasfrom ey ForestPestAndDiseasesOfMexico ation aboutthestatusofm pots. W ed classificationandtoperform ontract foralocaluniversitytoevaluateon in 2001oneofthem agery. or diseases2)toassesm techniciansperform atCONAFORcontractedaresearch e wantedtoexplorethef ied treediseaseusingrelatively ation databasesandthem a jor goalsrelatedto e d anonstatistical ation neededfor o a rtality patterns jor insectand easibility of o agery on1) statistical te sensing ground e also 135 atic e d

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). year 1998andthentodiscard anydiseaseeffect. between years1997to 2000 wasduetoabnorm Further analysisonthisresearchallowedus TO 2002 TABLE 2.CHANGESINFORESTEDAREAGUANAJUATOMÉXICOFROM1997 (table 2). that araiseintreem present, althoughnopositiveidentificationwasobtainedwhatsoever.Theresultsindicated 2002. W m presence ofapathogenicfungistrain( retrospective approachinaspecificrangecentralMexico.Inyear2000itwassuspectedthe the tim TABLE 1.Evaluationoftheverifiedclassi precision outoftheotherthreeclassesasindicatedintable1. water catchm conditions: 1)nonsusceptibletrees(non-pinesp susceptible trees(barkbeetleinfestedareas The testforgeneratingspectralsignaturestoestim Results (h Ar To 1 o 057 a TO rtality. Thestudyinitiatedinyear2003usedsatelliteim e t 46 34 21 17 ) a a Cla Cla Cla Cla CL CL l 3 TA e yieldedinterestingresults.W A A s s s s e Fo L s s s s S S werespecificallyinterestedinknowingtheincreaseondam 40 S S S ar (h 2 4 3 1 r e 7 = wa = no = ar = e a s 1 a t ) a 0 e e d r nts. Theclassofsusceptibletr eas eas T T n t e O O - f Af r o T T c VA VA of of Ar r 1 (h 58 A A f e o at Comment citer cedocument: 997 e L L s rtality occurredfrom a c e 7 c L L no s t ) a t OF OF e h I I u 32 ar D D d men s n 5 A A e c s e a PI PI T T Ar Af u p s E E t s XEL XEL t s 1. e f c i D D bl e a e 44 c ( e potential useof pt t %

e ES ES t d i r b ) e l e e s ar Fo t r Phytophthora cinnamomi 37 ( e e e p PI N PI N r a wantedtoestim e e 2 i U U n s s (ha) 1 XEL XEL t e 1997to2000butitdidnotcontinueover2002 6 M M e ( fication forbarkbeetleinfestedareas ) ot d B B h S WI S WI ER ER e 1 ) threeotherspectralsignaturesasreference tosustainthehypothesisthattreem satelliteim 20 r 5 4 4 1 Af 4 31 Ar OF OF (h t ees resultedwiththelowerpercentageof r 0 f ecies onsite),2)nonforestedareasand3) e T T a 0 a e e e ) a H H c l lo 0 t A A I I s N N ate currentdam p CCU CCU

w tem e T T ate theoaktreem Af c 11 Ar H H (%) i es f E CL E CL .5 agery onestim R R agery ofyears1997,2000and e e ) a c 8 A A . t p T T eratures particularlycritical in The testtoevaluatethe E E A A ) asthecausalagentofoak ar Fo D D S S 35 e S S r a e 2 s ( 4 t h 8 e a) a d PRECI PRECI a ged areaiffungiwas ges usedtheclassof 1 7 0 8 6 ating dam Af o 5 0 3 6 2 21 rtality ona 20 CL CL Ar (h f . . . . e 0 0 3 6 S S % % 0 a c e 0 3 7 0 A A ) 2 t a I I 3 e O O S S d N OF N OF S S

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)

136

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Further, wedetailhowto usethisvaluetoaccountforthecontribution oflargeforestpatch functional connectivity, the IncidenceFunction acuminatus ecologically relevantspatialscalef W contribute toconnectivityisim biodiversity conservation.Further,anundersta connectivity andtherelevantspatialscalesisn m insect pestsandecologicallyvaluablespecies The largescalespatialpatternof University Jeffrey D.Holland,CarolynFoley,andShulin Statistical ToolsForExam im Additional restrictionsthoughareim perform From of treedam This abilityisparticularlyim the tim of eventsthatoccurredinthepast.Inour Nonetheless wefoundoutthatrem planned inrelativelywideanddiversegeographicareas. precise spectralsignatures.Thiscouldbea of observersridinginanaircra satellite im techniques tobeusedasweoriginallyexpecte specific inform in Mexicoallowedustoconcludethattheset The recentexperiencesontheuseofrem Conclusions infection by the southernportionofJaliscostatesincethereis test, prelim year, butthistim was presentthefirstyearofstudycorrec over theareashowedusthatspectralsignatu upon itsspectralsignature.Oncetheverifiedcl assess theriskof The thirdtestwasdesignedtoevaluatethef e e agery isgenerallyaccom tapopulations. Anunderstandingofhowdiffe usedtheFocus2program ourthirdexam e wecouldbeableofgatheringinform riskassessm agery foridentifyingcurrentpotentially inary resultallowedustopayspecificattentionover100,000hectaresofoakon a respondedm ge. P. cinnamomi ative products.Howevertherear e inanarea5tim Phythophthora cinnamomi Comment citer cedocument: ple, wefindoutthatrem ent onpotentiallydangerousidentifiedcausalagentsoftreem o

st stronglyat1200m ining TheInfluenceOfLandscapesOnForestInsects p anied withescalatedprice. portant whenthere ft. W portant inm

f todealw o es larger o rest acrossalandscapecanaf te sensingt posed bythe e foundoutthisisnotfeasibleuntilweadvanceinm o r o Neoclytus acuminatus te se exam a than theoriginalone.Althoughthisisanongoing eas ny la tly reflectedtheconditionobservedfollowing fungispreadoutofanidentifiedlocation,based echniques couldbeusefulinseveralwaystoget o ation from ith spatialnon-independenceindeterm d. Forinstanceweexpectedtobeableofusing nsing techniquesbytheForestHealthProgram serious drawbackwhenasurveyprogram te ecessary tobalancecontrolofpestspeciesand ibility of nding ofhowlargecontinuousforestpatches echniques couldbeusefultohaveinform . is adelayinidentif ple ofevaluatingchangesvegetationover W Yang.Departm Model m sensingtechniqueshaveprom ndscapes suchasripariannetworksofforest. tocolonizef som assification wasobtainedtheextrapolation e lim costs ofsatelliteim res generatedinthespotsweredisease dangerousspotsfrom e de rent speciesareaffectedbyforest e itations totheuseofrem evidencethattheycouldbeatriskof tail am usingm previouslytakenphotosfrom e thod, usingthisscaleof response. e o o thod ofscalingam f e ect theabilityof re preciseSPOTim rest patchesandm nt ofEntom ying specif agery. Moreprecisionof aboveassurrogate (Fabricius). i c causalagents o issory toolsto logy, Purdue o bothf o te sensing rtality. easure of agery to above. a intain ining ation o 137 rest o is N. re

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). project year. Septem decision m m and decisionm The surveyandtreatm Data Life-CycleFram grant universities. boundaries whichincludeascooperators10stat cooperative projectcrossesseveralstateand federaladm the m The NationalSlowtheSpreadofGypsyMo m a uniqueperspectiveonthedesign,deploym post- “m invasive species.Overthepast17yearsth and inform Spread (STS)of This overviewofthedatalife-cycleanddeci program allow qualitydatatof im strategies duringtheearlystagesofem greater em W Introduction Forestry SciencesLaboratory Virginia Tech,andPatrickC.Tobin,USDAForest Entom Am Data Life-CycleAndDecisionSupportFram patches offorest. speciosus present inabouthalfofthesewhenconnectivityislow.Asecondspecies, acuminatus scale ofresponseandm networks toabiologicallym a a ith aneverincreasingthreatofinvasivesp plem nagem nagem os H.Ziegler,Com a o nagem ber andthesubsequentanalysis andpla entation ofawellthoughtoutdatalif logy, MichiganStateUniversity,E.A.Roberts,Departm resultinginam ini-boom (Say),appearstohaveitsoccurrencelim e e nt program nt andanalysisofthislargevolum phasis tobeplacedonthedevelopm ational m a ispresentinallofour43surveyedforestpatcheswhenconnectivityhigh,and king. Dataflowsinto the data e nt ofEuropeanGypsyMoth, theGypsyMothtrappingprogr a ” erasofgeospatialandintern nagem Comment citer cedocument: a nagem s. ework e eed thedecisionm nt structureoftheSTS o putational Ecologya e easuring connectivityin re effectiveprogram nt fram e nt technologiesappliedtothem eaningful m

ework isn erge easure Lymantria dispar a ncy program ework ForLarge-ScalePestManagem sion supportfram king andplanningprocessesof e lessonslearned,havingspannedthepre-and m . ecies duetoglobalization,thereisaneedfor nd VisualizationLaborat nning occursinOctober andNovem e-cycle anddecisionsupportfram e ofdatainsupportprojectplanningand et technologies,providestheSTSprojectwith ecessary fortheefficientandsuccessful project islargeandcom a am of habitatconnectivity.Byusingthespatial th ProjectisanationalU.S.D.Astrategyf ent ofdatalife-cycleanddecisionsupport nagem e agencies,2federalandland en thisway,wewereabletoshowthat illustratesthevarioustabular,geospatial, Service,NortheasternResearchStation- ited byacriticaldistancetolargesource t, andm e developm nt fram onitoring andm (L.),intheUnitedStates.This ework oftheNationalSlow a nagem i nistrative andjurisdictional e ework from nt ofEntom ent anddeploym e nt ofwide-areapest p ory, Departm lex. Am a Marchthrough o anem nagem logy, ework will e Glycobius a b nt ent. The ture data e er ofthe ergency nt ofan e nt of 138 N. o r Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). and outsideofthetreatm treatm the treatedareabefore and aftertreatm and ColonyPresence.TheindexofTreatm im order tom The treatm that them m the extentofinfestationpriortotreat Delim evaluation processisguidebythecalculationof evaluated torecom catch datainordertorecom trap catchdatam standardization andoptim The fram Decision SupportSystem software, andproducts. sites. Thesewebserversaretheprim Decision SupportSystem Slow theSpreadFoundation by theSTSInform and connectivitytoothercooperators.Them of dataandderivedproductsallowcooperators infrastructure havebeenintegraltotheproject’ssuccess.Real-tim integrative com web portal.Inform validated datathroughthereal-tim Cooperators andprojectsupportpersonnelcanaccesstrappingdataerrors,aswell by projectcooperators. database, whilef trapping data.Datathatpassesthevalidationsar tem loaded byanautom database usingtheGPSFileUpLoadersof data canthenbevisualizedusingtheTrapVi using theTrapperGadgetdesktoputilitiesandf over 300Garm m Field dataarecollectedusingeithertheST i a proving m nim pping GPSunit.TheSTSprojectdeploys porary tableswithintheOracledatabasewh iting Indexisusedtoindicatetheneedfor e u nt m m thresholdoftrapswithinthePPAbounda o ework oftheSTSdecisionsupport e re seriousareasunderm easure theoveralleffectivenessof a nt techniquesusedtom a y notbeconsideredasuccess ifpopul nagem in Vm ponent oftheoperationalprojectandintegrativefunctionsservedbyIT a a iled datarecordsrem naged underthedatalife-cy m ation System ation deliveryviatheITinfras a Comment citer cedocument: e ted servicewhichrunson e nt techniques.Thisisdone nd action,whichcanincludetreatm a pping GPSunits.Fieldda Fram e (da.gm ization ofrecom nt block.Thisissueis m ework (www.gm e

sts.org), and s Groupin nd Potential a a e reportingsy nagem nage gypsy ary vehi a in e nt, while sts.org), m e m e supportoftheSTSprojectare e nt areaddressedfirst. t S TrapperGadgetorthecom nt Successm nt. Treatm wa the tem e ArcIMS MapServer cle fordistributingprojectdocum nde cle fram a a 10m theprojectandtoidentifyopportunitiesfor ew softwareordirectlyuploadedtotheSTS Problem ere over50validationsareusedtoQA/QCthe r in inform re. Datasubm aDelim approxim om m to m e insertedintotheperm m m with theaidofindicesTreatm ta aredownloadedfrom d interventionactions.TheDSStakesthe tructure of adjustingforchangesin nearbytraps.A stem ation levelsintrapsgodown equallyinside Operations Portal o o o thestandardGPSunitsusingGPSi.Trap ry. ThePriorityIndexranksthePPAsso th intheSTSactionareaareevaluated re intensivetrappinginordertodelineate porary structureawaitingerrorcorrection re specificallytargetedin thecalculation system a i nute cycle-24x7.Dataareloadedinto intain ahighdegreeofdataownership ework discussedaboveandm servedfrom Areas(PPAs).ThePPAsarethen e iting IndexandaPriorityIndex.The ation deliverywebserversoperated nts arenotrecom a easures thechangeindensityof e tely 35STSTrapperGadgetsand nt, delim (DSS)isresponsibleforthe SlowtheSpreadisanim itted totheSTSdatabaseare (m e ornearreal-tim itation, ornoaction.The theproject’soperations apserver.gm (operations.gm anent structureofthe theTrapperGadget m m e e rcial Garm nded withouta entation, data, Gypsy Moth sts.org) web e nt Success e delivery odels the sts.org), portant in V 139 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

applied tocurrentandfutureinvasivespecies support fram m discussed hererepresenttheevolutionofa The datam S year m Figure 1 individual populationboundaries. 100, and300isolines).Theoverallrateofspr boundaries inconsecutiveyearsforeachof of spreadapopulationiscalculated spread ratesbytheDSSissecondevaluation should bedetectablethroughcalculationsofgypsym If them m population relativetothesurroundingbackgroundpopulation.Com of theindexColonyPresence.This u a easure theoveralleffectivenessofindividualtreatm mma naging aneverlargergypsym km / year Hist Pr -1 10 15 20 25 30 35 -5 0 0 5 oving average. e 8 r a 4 ST y oric Rat nagem Annual gypsym

85 a S ( nagem W ework currentlyutilizedbytheSTS 8 i 6 t h e out e nt strategiesem 87

( 21 k S e nt, inform 88 Comment citer cedocument: T S ) m 89 /y o r 9 ) th, 0

91 ation delivery,and Lymantria dispar ployed bytheSTS

92 T Wi o 93 a th program rget t h 94 S ye Rat T ar 95 S by m the derivedpopulationboundaries(1,3,10,30, e process thatwasstartedover15yearsagofor threats insideandoutsideoftheUnitedStates. 96 (10.5 m

(L.),spreadratescalculatedusingathree easures theratioofabundanceintreated . 97 technique usedbytheSTSproject.Therate ( decision supportfram easuring thedistancebetweenpopulation W Them ead ofagivenyearis project areeffectivethanthiseffectiveness i project representsam

t 98 km h e ST nt blocks. / 9 o y 9 S) r) th spreadrates.Thecalculationof 00 a

ture datalife-cycleanddecision 01 02 03 b eworks thathavebeen 04 ined theyareusedto anaverageofthe 0 odel thatcouldbe 5

140 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Comment citer cedocument: BIODIVERSITY ANDNATURALHERITAGE

141 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). exam acting onherbivorepopulations, potentiallyincreas cutting andthinningcould affecttherelative The sim Gaetan Moreau,DanQuiringandChristerBjorkm Forests andShortRelationCoppicePlantations Trophic InteractionsinAlteredandFrequently are neededtoassesstheim negative viewofplantedorm assessm practices andoverstorydiversitylinkstobi while plantedforestareahasincreasedgloball Hum Sky S.StephensandMichaelR.W Overstory DiversityandLandUsePractices:Im presented. species suchascarabidsandants,trophicinter How theseforestalterationsthenchangethecom harvesting, standdensitym exam change theinteractionsbetweentreesandinsect ecosystem alterations usuallyresultinreducedcom Forests aroundtheglobearem Overview Moderator: MichaelR.W a ine theseeffects,westudied thetrophicwebsof ined forestalterationsincludingconversi Ecosystem ComplexityinAlteredForests:InfluencesonBiodiversity,Trophic ns haveundeniableim ent ofabroadrangeforestt p lification ofstandconditionscaused changescanprofoundlyalterthebiodive

Comment citer cedocument: pact ofoverstorydiversityandlanduseonbiodiversity. odification andexperi a pacts onforestconditi gner, Regents’Pr a Interactions andPestDamage naged forestsispervasive.W odified byhum

a gner p University ypes andbiodiversity.Andthebroadlyaccepted lexity andbiodiversityof strength ofbothbottom odiversity ispoor.Thecurrentliteraturelacks y. Ourunderstandingoftheim ofessor, SchoolofForestry,NorthernArizona by plantation,shortrotationcoppice,selection DisturbedEcosystem pacts onBiodiversity an on ofnaturalforesttoplantation,selective actions andstatusofinsectsaspestswas m an pests.Inthisworkshop,theparticipants m ons. Naturalforestareahasbeenindecline activities andnaturaldisturbances.Their unity structureandrichnessofkeyinsect e ing theseverityofinsect outbreaks.To ntal variationinoverstorybiodiversity. rsity ofotherspeciesintheforestand Neodiprion abietis e suggestthatbettercom thef s - : Lessonsfrom up andtop-downforces o (Harris),asawfly rest m pacts oflanduse a trix. Such Thinned p arisons 142

rtality betweenbottom a and awellrecognizedshootinsect– te m Comment citer cedocument: a e l m thods, wewereabletogene - e up andtop-downfor thods thatisusedco s ofAtlanticCanadaand e a nts thatsim gner ined toreduceth e

m thisecosystem o onstrate th rtality factorsactingonapopulation. pact on Managem s, treatm - up andtop-downf ogenized p onstrated lif in theoccurrenceofnonadditivem y i the balancebetweenbottom xed forests. intaining ArthropodDiversityinEasternand ces. Moreover,nonadditive(com the negativeim abiodiversitym e of Sweden.Throughtheuseclonedsaplings at com forest conditionscan(1)influenceecosystem e im m nts thatsim e nt Em , and(3)reducethecapacityofecosystem rate independentestim m rare arthropodfaunaacrossallforestcover intropicalm only inlifetablestudiesm dual plantstoinsects.Morerecentlythis pact ofinter-standdispersalcom p anion plantingof Hypsipyla robusta ulating NaturalDisturbancesresearch Phratora vulgatissima o rces wasdetectedinbothstudies. p lify standconditionsalteredthe pact ofagall-form a nagem i xed nativetreeplantations. e ates oftrophicforces. nt strategywastested selectedspeciesin intropicalAf - up andtop-down (L.),abeetle pensatory and a y biasedour o ing pysllid, rtality, the pacts the p ared to p anion rica. 143 s

o rest insectsim ent ofm e dicinal plantsand erged from o com logy: BiodiversityandNaturalHeritage.

p a lexity andcultural/non-traditionalresources.Theriskof nagem ong insectsandtheirnaturalenem pact e pacts forest the s onnon-traditionalresources.Increasinglyitis e nt recom to valuetheseenvironm ure resultinm nvironm workshop onbiodiversityandnaturalheritage: lied researchanddevelopm for additionalbasicresearchonbiologyand ts, regulatepopulationsofpestinsectsand sts suchasfungiforhum n ofconservationbiologistsandthegeneral aluate theim US FishandW of workshopsinthebiodiversityandnatural cultural useareheldinveryhighvalueby im forest ecosystem needtoevaluatehowchangesinf

that therearem als, i.e.Red-CockadedandIvory-Billed function.Itisrecognizedthatlossof m ental servicesandtraditionalresource e ndations andspeciesrecoveryplans odif pact forestinsectshaveonthese ildlife Servicethreatenedand i cation of com a ny endangeredinsects. ental servicesandnon- p ent ofm lexity causedby theoverallinsect an consum ies andplant a nagem ption, o 144 rest e nt

als relyonins ple, som

Assessing HostRangesforParasitoidsandPredatorsUsed G.R.; VanDriesche,R.G.;Reardon,R.,eds.USDAForest psy Endangered species m ple, there Pope, (Haack 1993,Herm o e th suppressionin protect nvironm butterfly In m P.E.;

deral listofthreatenedandendangeredspecies

ects asfood;biologicalcontroleffortsm and forestm d (T&E)plantandanim Service, NorthCentralResearchStation m a are 745speciesofplantsand566 Proceedings, ted topossiblenon-targetim butterfly ny oftheseT&Especies,orarethem ed plantsrequirespecif zed fornearlyhalfacentury (Schweitzer st preferencetestingforparasitoidsofa Rink, G.,eds.USDAForestServiceGeneral , Morgantown,W o ental ScienceandForestry, Syracuse Silk Moths(Saturniidae)InNortheastern ths (Saturniidae)innortheastern North

( Lycaeides melissasamuelis

(Lepidoptera: Michigan. a Miller, s etal.1997,Paine2004). nagem 9th CentralHardwoodForest D.L.; e V Great nt activitiescandirectly . pp.138-142. al speciesrecognized Ly i c insectpollinators. Dubois, Lakes caenidae): pacts thatresult ) to Entom N.R. biology Bacillus o selves 1997. logist 145 a y ,

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). this fly.Theauthorssuggestedthat promethea they showedthat70and80%of of 1906. Inasem parasitoid ofm annually). Infact,bythelate1920’s,thistachinidhadalreadybecom extensive hostrange(>175sppinNorthAm concinnata has longbeenrecognizedthattheextr Of declines. including som dram pronounced andthetim pesticides tocom to explainthedisappearanceofsom Am anthropogenic forces(fragm against gypsym forestry applicationsinthe1950’s,andnon- anthropogenic habitatlossorm Several hypotheseshavebeenadvancedtoexplaindeclinesinsaturniidpopulationsincluding significant concerntoagenciesm professional entom com specificity, anum 1988). Irrespectiveoflifecycle,degreepolyphagy,geographicrange,andhabitat reasonably healthyincentral andupstateNewYork. evident inNewYork.Light trapdatasuggest two hundredm concinnata central NewYorkstate,D.Parry(unpublished)also foundrelativelylowlevelsof concinnata concinnata Furtherm second generationLunasufferedonlym Luna Moth( In otherregions,researchpaintsam scales, andtwodifferentregionsofMassachus Cram decline inNewEngland.Asubs theexoticparasitoidsestablishedinNorthAm C. concinnata erica withoutcausingsignificantdeclinesin m atic. Sim er) indicatedsim on, havebecom ore, Kelloggetal.(2003)found inProm instatessouthoftheregionswheresilkm byatrigonalidwasp.Hyperparasitism Drury) andCercropia( (Meigen) islikelytohavethegreatestim Actias luna e iles totheeast(Fig.1).UnlikeVirginiastudy, nohyper-parasitism a ilarly, theinitialreleaseand i generalistspeciesalsocoinci nal paper,Boettneretal.(2000) ny forestLepidopterainNe onsaturniids.Usingexperim b o ber ofform at gypsym th andotherinvasivetusso ethea, aspeciesdecim o Comment citer cedocument: logists, thepatternofd ilar highratesof e rare.Basedonlight-t L.) wasrelativelyhighinVirginia,whileProm e period(1950’s)whereth entation, forestloss,lightpollution)occurelsewhereinNorth erly abundantspecies o th coincideswithboththeareawheredeclineshavebeenm

a odification, extensivebroad-spectrum ndated toprotectbiologicaldiversity. Hyalophora cecropia equent studyusingPolyphem o the re com C. concinnata a ny species. parasitism em odest levelsofparasitism significant levelsofhyperparasitism a ely polyphagousEurasiantachinidfly ted by cum p w England,eventhoughitwasnotreleaseduntil erica) andm licated picture.Parasitism thatpopulationsofattacine saturniidsare establishm ecline appearstoberealandhasbecom etts (G.H.BoettnerandD.Parry,unpublished). u rapping recordsfrom ck m providedquantitativeestim target effectsofbiologicalcontroloperations des withtheregionof lative m e saturniids, thishypothesisseem Compsilura , ntal populationsinwesternMassachusetts, erica f couldbeafactorlim despiteusinglowerdensities,largerspatial Incontrast,applicationofDDTandother as wellothersthatwerehistoricallyless m e disappearanceofsilkm pact onnon-targetspeciesbecauseofits o o a th declinesareprevalent.However,in ths (Lym ybe theunderlyingcauseofsilkm ent ofm o L.), respectively,wasattributableto u o r tussockm ltivoltine lifecycle(3-4generations rtality inProm inBoettneretal’s(2000)study antriidae). Becausesim (Kelloggetal.2003). a u ny gypsym s ( o am Antheraea polyphemus th biologicalcontrol,it ethea, Cecropia,and iting theim of insecticideusefor greatestsilkm ateur collectorsand f ethea ( i ates oftheim rst generation of e thedom o o th parasitoids ths wasm C. s inadequate Compsilura C. Callosamia pact of was inant pact 146 C. e ilar o o o o a th th st st Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

imperialis likely explanation.Lossofhabitatm suggesting thatlossofcriticalbarrenshabitat, unpublished) indicatethatparasitism in otherstates.StudiesbothMassachuse Drury) isaspecialconcernspeciesinseveral Fig. 1.Parasitism ( Not allsilkm unpublished). Methodologywassim concinnata

Citheronia sepucralis

, SpinyOakworm Compsilura parasitism (%) inW 20 40 60 80 0 o th declineisrelatedto e of stern Massachusetts(Boettneretal.2000)andCentralNewYork(Parry, C Prom Comment citer cedocument: a dw Grote andRobinson)from Massachusett el ethea m l 1 ( Anisota stigma

o C th, ad ilar ineachstudy. by Callosamia promethea C. concinnata w e a C. concinnata y underlietherarityofIm l s l 2 tts andNewYork(Parryetal.2006,D.Parry northeastern statesandhasdisappearedentirely especiallyearlysuccessionalareas,isam Fab.), andtheextirpationofPineDevil m O u ak ch ofNewEngland. . Barrensbuckm w isloworabsententirely(Fig.2), ood Ne (Saturniidae)by w Y Laf o rk a y o perial Moth( e th ( t t e Hemileuca maia Compsilura Eacles

147 o re

(2006) andParry(unpublished). within CapeCodNationalSeashoreandAlbanyPi concinnata inm Fig. 2.Parasitism affected areenigm som W h it thesuccessof ile parasitism e speciesinNewEngland,theapparentspa Compsilura parasitism (%) 10 20 30 40 50 0 U a naged earlysuccessionalandlateunm by n of m ited butregionallysignificantlossofsaturniiddiversity. a tic giventhedistributionof

a Comment citer cedocument: barrensbuckm C. concinnata na C. concinnata ge d - L a in enigm a t e

S C. concinnata insom u providesatleastpartoftheexplanationforrarity o c c th, Ba e a tic. Potentialinteractionsbetween s Hemileuca maia s r i uding overwinteringhostsandstage e o r statesbutthisdoesnotappeartobethecasein n e a C.J.. 2000.Effectsofabiologicalcontrol n l tial lim thePacif s C. concinnata issurprisinglypoorlyunderstood.Notably, saturniidsm T M Compsilura concinnata ne BushPreserve.Datafrom ed andm a y A C na p l its totheareawheresaturniidsarem a b e ge pe a i (Saturniidae)byCom d - n c Northwest.Hyperparasitism ofnativelunam Co y a E P y provideanexplanationforthe a o throughm r ths. ConservationBiology14: d, i l y n

S M e u B anaged pinebarrens c A c u e s s s h u (Meigen)(Diptera: i o ch oftheMidwest, , N C. concinnata n o a ths, l Y Parryetal. p silura Actias luna m

and 148 o a st y

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). nestling dietiscom although red-cockadedwoodpeckersusedover40 Georgia. Exam foraging habitatfrom were operatedat31nestcavitiestorecordvis decisions affectpreyabundanceinSouthCarolin use, sourcesofprey,preydistributionwithin over twiceasm increased arthropodabundance ontreeboles.Longleafpine( and spiderbiom little effectonwoodcockroachesbutbothwinter years of loose, flakybarkprovidedbetterrefuge. prey werefoundnearthebaseofboleand between treeswasregulatedbybarkthickness and, m Therefore, m feed prim readily adapttolocallyortem woodpeckers isdetritus-based.However,the com selected cockroachesorothertypesofprey. based ontheirabundancetreebolesandwe (Scolopendro-m larvae), spiders(Araneae),woodborerlarvae com cockroaches (Blattaria:Blattellidae)werealwa Over a10-yearperiod,weinvestigatedred-cockadedwoodpecker( USDA ForestService,SouthernResearchStation Jim Managem The EndangeredRed-CockadedW of theLepidopteristsSociety1:4-5. Schweitzer, D.F.1988.StatusofSaturniidaein Environmental ConcernsinRights-of-WayManagement. reduced spaceform Parry, D.;Boetner,G.H.;Selfridge,J.A. Trigonalidae). Tachinidae) incentralVirginia,andtheir HanulaandScottHorn m p rising 54.7%oftheirdiet.Othercom unity ofarthropodsontreebolessuggest ageaf e arily oncrawlingarthropodsthatm nt Im o ter whichitrem Environmental Entomology32 st preyarenotexclusivelybark u o pacts OnPrey ination ofnearly12,000photogra ass. W ch arthropodbiom rpha), andants(Hym Comment citer cedocument: p pinestandsestablishedin o rised ofarelativel ths (Lepidoptera). e foundnoevidenceth a ined relatively porally abunda

ass during oodpecker: enoptera: Arthropod abundanceincreasedontreesupto60-70 hyperparasitism 2006. Transm y sm In Proceedings:8 : 1019-1027. treesandstands,howforestm the dayassim constant onoldertrees.Prescribedburninghad nt foodsources.Red-cockadedwoodpeckers in deadbranchesthecanopywherethickor m woodpeckers useavarietyofarthropodsand ove ontothebolefrom Analysisofthewoodpecker' all num s thatthefoodwebsupportingred-cockaded the northeasternUSA:aquickreview.News ys them at herbaceousunderstory coverordiversity Form on preyincludedcaterpillars(Lepidoptera oldfieldstoanold-growthstandinsouth a, Alabam residents.Preydistri-butionwithinand its withpreyinf andsum (Coleoptera: Ceram saw noevidencethattheypreferentially phs recordedover5yearsrevealedthat, Diet, PreyDistribution,AndForest arthropods forfood,them o icidae). W ber ofcom re im ission linerights-of-waysasenem Inpress. bytrigonalidwasps(Hym o st com a, Georgia,andFlorida.Cam m ilar sizeloblollypines( portantly, barkflakiness.More e Pinus palustris r prescribedburnsreducedant th InternationalSymposium: m our locationsthatrangedin oodpeckers selectedprey on preyf m Picoides borealis on arthropods.W - bycidae), centipedes thesoil/litterlayer. ) treesharbored e d tonestlings, s dietandthe a jority ofthe a P. taeda nagem enoptera: ) prey e 149 ood e ras y- nt )

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). continental NorthAm D.; Zollner,D.2005. Ivory-billedwoodpecker( Swarthout, S.B.;Dantzker,M.S.;Charif,R.A.; Ba Sparling, G.M.;Rosenberg,K.V.;Rohrbaugh, R.W Fitzpatrick, J.W References: our understandingoftheecologywood-borers inbottom inform The resultsofthestudywillenableevaluation insect borers. two differenttim m styraciflua The studyproposeswoundingappropriatelysizedindividualsofSweetgum hopefully predictitssuitabilityforIBW boring larvae,willallowdeterm wounding treatm developm them The m boring insectsinselectedareas. is likelythem literature (Tanner1942)andtheIBW develop silviculturalpracticesthatenhan principalis If therecentreportedsightingsofIvory-BilledW USDA ForestService,SRS,CenterforBottom Nathan M.SchiffandPaulB.Ham W harm biom pines, 25-cm in thesam o h st observedasfeedinghostsofIBW at DoYouFeedAnIvory-BilledW m ing thearthropodsonwhichred-cockadedwoodpeckersrely. ass. Ourresultssuggestthatm o silviculturaldecisionstoenhancew o st obviouswaytoincreaselevelsof re attractivetoovipositinginsectsandt ent. Astudyisproposedthatwoul e ), NuttallOak( , insutheasternArkansasaretrue(Fitzpa area.Thedivergencewasduetothe (10in)diam o st lim . e intervalsandthenharvesting e ; Lam nts. Com Comment citer cedocument: iting factorforIBW erica. Science308:1460-1462. m e Quercus nuttalli eter atbreastheight rtink, M.;LuneauJr.,M.D.;Gallagher,T.W b ining theresultsof

ination ofth e l a nagem O oodpecker? RecoveryT O O . byTa O ) andSugarberry( e , ther ce conditionsforthespecies.Since,both ood-boring larvalavailability,andcontributeto nt of wood-boringlarvaeistowoundtrees,m e woodpeckercarryingcapacityofanareaand l (dbh)orlarger,harboredthem and HardwoodsResearch hus increasingappropriateresourcesforlarval of existingforesttractsforIBW and cagingthetreestoquantifyem nner (1942),allowingthem thestudywithnutritionalvaluesforwood- d quantifyinsectresponsetoavarietyof loose, flakybarkoflongleafpines.Longleaf e isinterestinincreasingthelevelofwood- foragingareascanbefairlyflexiblewithout

rksdale, T.R.;Rem eam trick etal.2005),itwouldbedesirableto Campephilis principalis believethatavailabilityofinsectprey . ; Swarthout,E.C.H.;W oodpecker (IBW l and hardwoods. Celtis laevigata s en Jr.,J.V.;Sim . tobeinfestedfor ; Harrison,B.R.; O ), thethreetrees ), ( ) persistsin o O Liquidambar Campephilis st arthropod r suitability, ege, P.H.; ergence of a on S. king 150 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Tanner, J.T.1942. Audubon Society.NationalSociety,NewYork,NY.111p. Comment citer cedocument: The Ivory-BilledWoodpecker.

ReseachReportNo.1oftheNational 151 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). associated species,either overstorytreesor infestation coulddirectly im Sudden OakDeathSyndrom the ecologicaldistribution form infestations ofm extensively andpopulationsarefragm collected from m country. Overthelastdecade,m use oftheseproductshavebeenintegraltorural econom m The southernAppalachianhardwoodforestsof Jam Conservation OfMedicinalPlants:PossibleIm fungi previouslyreportedintheGSMNP. Plant stressesm spruce. Manyofthesetreesarethreatened associated withtreessuchasbeech,hem previously reportedfrom GSMNP andatleast25arenewspeciestoscie representing 770speciessince1998.Ofthese347arenewrecordstothe Basidiom Inventory (ATBI)isbeingconducted.Th percent ofthespeciesinthis800square-m United Statesisacenteroforganism The GreatSm S. Colem Potential Im far-reaching effectsofforestpestproblem non-traditional forestproducts.Speakerswilladdressawidevarietyoftopicsillustratingthe forest healthpreventionandsuppressiontreat on thetargetpest.Thefocusofthissessionis Forest insectoutbreaksandIPMprogram a e naging forestsforthem dicinal plants,m e s Cham a ycota; Kingdom n McCleneghan,SHROOMS,Inc. pacts OfForestHealthOnFungalDiversityInTheSm berlain, USDAForestService oky MountainsNationalPark(GSMNP)locatedinthesoutheastern hardwoodforestsfortheirm a y beim e dicinal plantshavebeenre o Comment citer cedocument: st ofwhichoriginatefrom Moderator: SteveClarke,USDAForestService pacting fruitingofthem theGSMNPhavenot Fungi)portionofth hasincreasedtrem Cultural/ Non-TraditionalResources pact specificsp e. Fourpotential a

ny ofthesespeci a rket dem al diversity.Itisestim e l ock, Frasierfir,and nte s have s andsolutions. e a d, fragile,andendangered.Although,noinsect dicina nd fo by introducedinsectandfungalpest/pathogens. ported, thepotentialissignificant.Interestingly, ile com ecies ofm pact OfInsectInfestations

theunderstoryflora.Thecollection,tradeand e m theim is ATBIhascollectedover1900specim consequences thatextendbeyondtheireffects ndously. Morethan75speciesofplantsare area.CurrentlyanAllTaxaBiodiversity y theUnitedStatesaresourceofm e been recollected.Manyofthesefungiare nce. Manyofthelargem im corrhizal nts onculturaltraditionsandresourcesor es issim r m l value.Som e Agarics("m p pacts areidentifiedand discussed.An anion herbaceousplants couldchange e pacts offorestinsectoutbreaksand/or dicinal forestproductsandinterestin e ilar tothepotentialdistribution f dicinal plants.Aninfestation on ies sinceEuropeanssettledthis ated thatweknowlessthanten e ofthesehavebeenharvested oky Mountains u shroom y s"; Agaricales; corrhizal fungi

152 a e ny ns o r

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Serv. Bio.Rep.82(10.106). Schroeder, R.L.1985.Habitatsuitabilityindexm W Schroeder, R.L.1982.Habitatsuitabilityindex m Serv. FW Allen, A.W References northern bobwhitequailhabitatwasenhanced. habitat wasnotaf varied inpredictablewaysbyspecies:pine of activities. Theresultsf m These specieswereselectedbecausem 1982), easternwildturkey(Schroeder1985b) published habitatsuitabilitym these changesforwildlifeha using anadaptationofFIAD,FVS,SPBdata,a (i) toestim resolution andatthem Service. Theapproachf published wildlif Southern Variant),SPBinfestationdata, Forest InventoryandAnalysisDatabase),grow spatially explicitapproach(Fig.1)thatinte the qualityofwildlifehabitatsinBankhead resulting from In thisstudyourgoalwastoevaluatehowch Oliveria: USDAForestService,HealthProtection Maria D.Tchakerian,JaehyungYu,RobertN. Im collection andsaleofm significant indirectim pollinators andaf habitat dynam a generalhabitatsuitabilityf ildl. Serv.FW pact Of nagem S/OBS-82/10.19. e SouthernPineBeetleOutbreaksOnW nt indicatorspecieswhichpopulation ate thechangesofforeststruct . 1982.Habitatsuitabilityindexm i SouthernPineBeetle( cs andnegativelyim S/OBS-82/10.28. e habitatsuitabilityindices(H f f ected, wildturkeyhabita ect regenerationof Comment citer cedocument: r e pact onthatportion om e so-scale forestlandscape. dicinal plants. acilitates thedescrip thesim o odels forpinewa r thewildlif bitat suitabilitythroughacceptedhabitatm

u pact m lations of Dendroctunus frontalis m odels were e e e speciesatthestandandlandscapescales.Im ure andcom dicina dicinal t wasaf SPBscenariosshowseveraldif Geographic Inform odels: graysquirrel.U.S.Dept.Int.,FishW of oursocietyandeconom grates forestinventoryinform anges inforestcom warbler habitatwasdestroyed,greysquirrel th m tion of , andnorthernbobwhite(Schroeder1985c). nd GISand(ii)toassesstheconsequencesof SI) developedbytheU.S.FishandW rbler (Schroeder1982a),graysquirrel(Allen Coulson, TexasA&MUniversity,ForrestL. l plants.Finally,aninf ildlif Theobjectivesofthestudywereasfollows: ode NationalForest.W changes reflecttheeffectsofm plants. Aninfestationcoulddevastateplant readilyavailable,andtheyareconsidered ode f odels (FVS–ForestVegetationSim ected bothnegativelyandpositively, ls: Easternwildturkey.U.S.FishW e HabitatSuitability ls: pinewarbler.U.S.Dept.Int.,Fish SPBim position asaresultofSPBoutbreaks Zim pacts atthestandlevelof m ation System position andconfiguration e rm e ann) herbivoryim exploretheuseofa e station couldhave y thatdependon f odels. W ation (FIADB- e rences interm s (GIS),and a nagem e ildlif used u lator pact pact ildl. ildl. 153 e nt e s

sical recognition. u odern m Norwayin1979and1980providedtheinspiration sical landscape.Forestentom

outbreak inthem entom a for songsandhasbeenm , OrHowForestInsectsInfluenceModern odels: Northernbobwhite.U.S.FishW u , walkingsticks,andtentcaterpillarshave sic, providingnam o logy hasnotbeenaswellrepresented i d 80swasthesubjectof e s forinfluentialbands o logy needsam e ntioned frequently odern ildl. 154 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Comment citer cedocument: SUMMARY OFCRITICALISSUES

155 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). consisted of28workshopswhichweregroupedintosixtracks: coarse overviewoftheissuescontem approach usedtoidentifythecriticalissues. NAFIW Service, facilitatedthissession.Theresultswerepresentedastheconclusionof’06 the m track. Attheconclusionofconference,eachTrackCoordinatorpresentedresultsto com W Moderator wasresponsibleforcom workshop Speakertoidentifythecriticalissuesassociatedwiththeirpresentation.The to m Moderator whowasresponsiblefororganization.Typically,severalindividualswereasked entom The program individual workshopstobepresentedanddiscussedwithinabroaderfram com com issues associatedwiththeprogram the ’06NAFIW NAFIW decision support)and existing knowledge), for An im insect m m Overview Introduction: a e nagem designatedone“TrackCoordinator”foreachofthesixtracks.Theirresponsibilitywasto research p m p a rehensive definitionofthecurrentandem ile, integrate,andsynthesizethecriticalissuesidentif eeting atlargefordiscussionandcom ke apresentationonanim unity. Thissessionprovidedanopportunityfortheideasgeneratedbyeachof o portant partofthe’06NAFIW logy com C hasservedtoprovideaforum C andarepublishedaspartoftheProceedings.Following isabriefdescriptionofthe a nagem e : nt andsilviculture

(acquisitionofnewknowledge), f o

r the’06NAFIW C weaddedaf e m nt unity, sothevariousworkshopsandplenaryaddresses (7),and Comment citer cedocument: North AmericanForestInsectWorkConference application education biodiversity andnaturalheritage (3), o portant aspectofthesubjectathand.W rm Critical IssuesFormulation (transfer ofknowledgeanditsim

C wasf (useofknowledgeforplanning,problem scales andinteractions agenda.Thegoalwastoconcludetheconferencewitha al conclusiontotheconf p iling alistofcriticalissuesidentifiedintheworkshop. C wastheform porary interestandim forinform o rm m ulated bytheconstituentsof e development ntary. Ms.NancyW

erging issuesfacingtheforestentom ation exchangeforforestentom ulation of (4), (integrationandinterpretationof ied intheworkshop erence byidentif change (3). Eachworkshophada portance. Theprogram Critical Issues invasive insects plications). Inthepast, a lters, USDAForest (5), e thef direct tacticsinf requestedeach defacto ework. solving,and ying thecritical —priority needs o s rest (6), within the providea o logy. At o

logy o 156 rest Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). ’06 NAFIW The flowofinform The proceduref Procedure forIdentificationoftheCriticalIssues critical issuesassociated withtheirpresentationandincludethislistasa Power Point NAFIWC Figure 1:Flow W o rkshops: C Program o r identif ation neededtoidentifyand W Comment citer cedocument: isillustratedbelow(Figure1). e ofInformationforidentificationCriticalIssues forthe’06 askedeachspeakerina workshop toprepareashortlistofthe ication of

theCriticalIssuesf capture thecriticalissuesassociatedwith

o llows: 157

the criticalissuesassociatedwithaddresses. Point tem list ofthecriticalissuesassociatedwiththeirpresentation.Theyusedsam sum associated w Figure 2:RenditionofthePow Critical IssuesDiscussion W Plenary Addresses: Coordinator, com added tothelist.TheW audience participantsintheworkshopwasnotedbyW Power Pointwasnotused,atypedlistofthecriticalissuessufficed.Suggestionsfrom slide attheendoftheirpresentation,usingtem included intheProceedings forthe’06NAFIW for thenearfuture.Allofcriticalissues,aswell asanysum discussion ledtoaprioritizationofcriticalissues fortheforestentom participants regardingthecriticalissueswasf critical issuesassociatedwiththeirTrack.Discussion am In theSum associated withtheTrackwasprepared. Program Point PresentationsforallworkshopsintheirTrack.W Each ofthesixTrackCoordinatorswasresponsibleforcollectingSum o rkshop Tracks m a ry PowerPointPresentationfortheoverallW Staf p late. ThePlenaryTrackCoordinatorcollected,com m a Comment citer cedocument: i f th individualpresentationsinaWorkshop. ry Sessions,eachTrackCoordinatorpresentedan overviewofthe , aPowerPointpresentationthatsum p

iled thelist The individualsgivingplenaryaddresseswereaskedtopreparea o

rkshop Moderator,withtheassistanceofTrack s ofcriticalissuesfortheW er Pointtemp acilitated byMs.NancyW late foridentifyingthecriticalissues C. p m late illustratedinFigure2.If o a rkshop. rized thecriticalissues ith theassistanceof ong the’06NAFIW o o rkshop anddevelopeda rkshop Moderatorand p m iled, andsum a ry statem o

logy enterprise a lters. The m ent, are a ry Power m C e Power a rized 158

Critical Issues:Sum A. InvasiveInsects(INV)TrackCoordinator:PatrickTobin NORTH AMERICANFORESTINSECTW CRITICAL ISSUES Critical Issues: 2. Critical Issues: 1. Invasiveinsectsandforestcommunitystructure Sirexnoctilio 3. Im 2. Assessim 1. Im 8. Kissyourashgoodbye(thenextAm 7. Fundingfordata(lackofom agencies 6. Fundingforrapidresponsetoteam 5. Im 4. Basicbiologicalknowledge. 3. Incorporateknowledgeofforestcom 2. Effectsofclim regional/landscape scales. 1. Applyingsite-specific/localm m prove surveym proved com plem Comment citer cedocument: a rized foreachoftheW inNorthAmerica-anew ent quarantine pact /dam m ate change(tem

unication am e thods a ge inNorthAm O o RKSHOP ong practitionersinthedisciplinesinvolve. rkshops. perature, increasedCO2em nipresent obstacle) arrival odels ofchangestobroader,m erican chestnut? position intom erica

s representing differentdisciplines,

a ) nagem

ission) . e nt objectives. 159 o re Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

5. Internationalcooperation Critical Issues: 4. ManagingexoticInsects Critical Issues: 3. InvasionPathw Critical Issues: 4. Supportfieldstaffastheygatherand protection effortsinanincreasinglychallengingenvironm 3. Usescientificunderstandingand agencies andpersonnel. 2. Fostercloselycoordinatedefforts in researchpaydividendsthem 1. Bridgethegapbetweenbasicresearch international travel,trade,purchasing,etc. 3. Increasedpublicawarenessoftheeco 2. Plantsforplanting. 1. Solidwoodpackagingm 5. Im & nem 4. Prepareforlong-term targeted m 5. Identifyhostresources,earlydetectionof and dataaccess. prove interagency/internationalcooperation–unifiedprogram Comment citer cedocument: a tode release) a ays nagem

e nt, allfrom

m a a nagem terials. localtolandscapescales. a e nagem nt program am store im ong forestandagriculturalprotection technology innovationtoprioritize andm e logical/econom nt arena. exotics,m (m a portant data;facilitatestorage nagem onitoring, silviculture onitoring ofexotics,and e

nt sothatinvestm ical consequencesof ent.

e 160 nts Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Critical Issues: 6. Quantitativeapproaches 3. Identifycharacteristicsandlocalcond 2. Efficientdetectionm detection. 1. Earlydetection!Generally,thereis 7. Needfortaxonom 6. Technologyform insect invaders(andnotjustfrom 5. Prom especially larvae,ofinvasives. 4. Prom species from describing biologyandecologyofthem 3. Generateajoint,web-based,accessibl 2. Developingtheinfrastructuretoachieveprojectgoals. transcend agencyandinternationalbarriers. 1. Needforcooperation,collaboration,andinform 5. Understandingcom though theirarrivalpotentialishigh. 4. Invasiveness:keytoprioritization: survival. Comment citer cedocument: ote studiesontheecologicalim ote developm onecontinenttoanother.

onitoring anddetection ic resources,expertise,andbaselineinventories. p ent ofbar-codingforidentificationalllifestages, lexities offorests,from e thod needed(i.e.attractant). thestandpointofeconom som substantiallagbetweenarrivaland o p itions thatef e standardizedinform st acts (directandindirect)offorest e potentiallyinvasiveforestinsect speciesarepoorinvaderseven thecontiguoustourban. ation sharing,andto f ect establishm ics). ation system

ent and 161

Comment citer cedocument: a ry: m a rkets f unity (CI#5). o re thantim onstration areasandtechnologytransferwouldhelp public a ge toforestinsects(CI#2). o

r tim C, silviculturehaspotentialtobeusefulinreducingstand ber arecriticaltobroadentheapplicationof ber m atic conditions(CI#4). a ents undertheHealthyForestRestorationActof prove foresthealth(CI#7). nagem

e i vary greatlydependingondetailsofthe ght be(CI#1). nt. Itisanartandscienceusedtom nd featuresofthelandscapeitinteracts silviculture, e et 162 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Critical Issues: 7. Differentperspectivesonsilviculture and adaptivem 16. Needadvancem currencies (egproductivityvsbiodiversity)(CI#15). 15. Butwearestilllim explicit GISplatform 14. Opportunitiesexisttodevelopandintegratestand-levelm landscape (acrossownerships)(CI#13). these threescales—stand-level(silviculture)ownership(forestm 13. W (SPB, redoakborer)(CI#12). (gypsy m 12. HFRAappliesbetterforinsectpeststhatadvancepredictablyalongawidefront sectors (CI#11). different partsofUSFS(R&D,S&PF,NFS) 11. ASAswouldbeim HFRA (CI#10). 10. Needm worked asplanned,forreasonsrelatedtotim 9. IntendedadvantagesofCEprovisions

e needbettertoolstorelatesilviculturewithinstandsforestinsectsateachof 2. Silviculturecanbeused toincreasethehealthofourforests. 1. Insectinfestationsareintim o th, HW o re risk-takersinresearchcom Comment citer cedocument: a nagem A) thanforthosethatariseinanunpredictableepisodicm ent inwaystointegratesciencefindingsfrom s thatcanreflectlandscapescales.(CI#14).

proved withbetterlinkageofexpertiseandresourceswithin ited byinabilitiestojudgeam e nt effortstobetterinform

ately relatedtoforesthealth. under NEPAcodifiedinHFRAhavenot m aswellbetweenpublicandprivate unity andinNFStotakeadvantageof eliness, workload,andcost(CI#9). policydecisions(CI#16). ong outcom odels withspatially- e a silviculturalstudies s throughcom nagem e nt), and a nner m on 163 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

12. NeedbetterfundingforHFRA;curren use ofthem 11. ClarifytheroleofCEsunderHFRA such asthoseinHFRA. 10. Newresearchstudieswillbenefitfrom forest pests. 9. Appliedsilviculturalstudiescanbe sectors inforesthealth. 8. Needbetterwaystolinkexpertisea and diseasesiscriticalforhealthyforests. 7. Appliedresearchandtechnologytransf types andinsectdiseaseconditions. 6. Needm the NFSside. 5. Needtofindfundingforlargescales 4. NeedtofindNFSpersonnelwhoarerisktakers. diseases inrelationtoforestsite,standandclim 3. Moreresearchisneededtounders for newNEPAprovisions inHFRA. 14. Addressconcernbyresourcem NF lands. 13. Needtoreducethetim program Comment citer cedocument: s inFSR&DtofulfillUSDAcom o . re largescalesilviculturalassessm

e lagforim a nagers plem useful tobroadenourknowledgeabout nd resourcesofbothpublicandprivate ilvicultural assessm tand theinteractionsofinsectsand andbroadenthesupportforagency er regardingforest-dam m entation ofoperationalpracticeson onNFsaboutbeinga“testcase” tly islargelyfundedfrom stream itm atic conditions. ent toconductthem ents inwidervarietyof lined approachestoNEPA ents, especiallyon aging insects . existing f o 164 rest Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). d. Critical Issues: 8. SilvicultureandPestManagement forests. 5. Thinkingahead.Contem 4. Differentstrategiesfornativevs.non-nativepests 3. Aresm 2. Theneedtousesilviculturalinnovations 1. Aneedforresearchontheim deliver inthecontextofcontrolforestinsects. 16. Abetterunderstandingisneededtoclarifywhatsilviculturecanandcannot forest entom 15. Abroaderunderstandingofandapproach increase foresthealth 8. Needdem 7. Managingdeclinesvs.m 6. Differentguildsrequiredifferingapproaches Comment citer cedocument: c. Alargerphysicalscale. b. Alongertim negative ef the treatm a. Eruptivepopulationsofherbivoresthatm all scaleandshortterm Various o onstration areasforpublicacceptanceofusingsilviculture to logy com e

f ecological nt; suchproactiveresearchm ects of e scale. m unity. silviculturaltreatm porary “healthyforests”ANDfuturehealthy a naging specificinsects conditions pact ofsilviculturaltreatm assessm ents of e nts. to silvicultureisneededinthe a silviculturalpracticesinvalid? y helptoreducepotential a y beindirectlyaffectedby e nts on: 165 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Critical Issues: C. ScaleandInteractions(SCA)TrackCoordinator:KennethRaffa Critical Issues: 9. Trade-offsinmanagingforests exploited f behavior? with populationphase? 2. Howdothesevariousinteractions(insect-m strategies? order tom understanding ofthesystem 1. W h at inform science-based? 5. Adaptivem 4. Forestm 3. Alternativescenariosneeded. 1. Com structures interactions todeterm 9. Needm Dotheserelationshipswithpopulationdensity provide signalsthatcanbe a

o ke strongerconnectionsacrossscales,system r m Comment citer cedocument: m ation, andwhatlevelsofdetail,arecrucialtoam a nagem on currencies(productivityvsbiodiversity).

o a re experim nagem a ). nagem e Howdothesechangesexertfeedbackinthesystem

nt, suchaspredictionandm

e nt asapartofintegratedlandscapem ? .vs.W ine appropriatetreatm e e nt andconceptofpolicy(inwhatsensecanbe nts ofsilvicultureandinsects,diseases,plants h at inform

icrobial, insect-insect,insect-plant)vary ation canbeignored(andwhen)in e itigation? nts, standdensitylevels,and s, andm eaningful a a nagem nagem e e nt. nt ’s 166 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Critical Issues: 10. Symbiosis into dynam 5. Howcanweintegraterobusttheoriesofpl weather, andgeneticvariationaffectecologicalrelationships? 4. Howdovariationinspaceandtim atm been alteredbyanthropogenicactivities:Hum 3. Howdotheserelationshipsvarybetweennaturalsystem o spheric change,forestm 3. Futureresearch: 2. Pastresearch: 5. Mechanism 4. EducationandPublicoutreach: 1. Newknowledge: i c m Comment citer cedocument: a. Chem b. Glandularornonglandularm proposed bySix(2003) a. Adoptatwo-tierclassificati b. Num a. GiveforestinsectsapprovedESAcom b. Researchisunderwaytoidentifythefungalspecies. growth odels oftreedefense,andim Mesonotal s e ofcolonizationby,and m ical com rous tracheaeandtracheoles

m a y nagem cangium position oftheproduc e, m e nt decisions?

of a nagem X. mutilatus plem ant-insect andplant-pathogeninteractions y a cangia n transport,globalwarm on system a e ent theseforforestprotection? intenance of,fungalsym nt regim

ts andhowthisrelatestofungal isacom m on nam e s, andsystem form s, habitatstructure,

p e lex structure. y s. cangia whichwas s thathave ing, b ionts.

167 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Critical Issues: dw 11. Theroleofhabitatmosaicsandphysical variablesinmovementofforests-

elling organisms 3. W 2. Aredispersalepisodesthecauseoffasterspread ratesinthelakestates? 1. Doesm control of 14. Abetterunderstandingofthesefactorsisneededtoensuresustainable 13. Thesefactorsm biological controlsuccess. Amylostereum-Deladenus 12. Variousfactorsinfluencethedifferentinteractionswithin of scale? influence, thechangingtem 11. Howarethesem sequence? changing tem 10. Howarethesem im 9. Howdom 8. Im 7. Benefitsoffungalsym 6. Molecularbasisofadaptationf pacts onbeetlef hy doesm plications ofsym Comment citer cedocument: a

Sirex ss dispersalofadultm p u a late ofhosttreeconditionandchem ltiple interactionsam inSouthAfrica….andelsewhere. ss dispersalhappeninonly certainareasinyears?

itness? a y bebiological,environm b u u iotic dependenciestobeetlecontrol. ltiple interactions ltiple interactionsinfluencedby,andhowdothey b sym ionts tobeetles. p late ofb b iosis, andthusinfluence a le gypsym ungal sym ong m eetle populationdensityatvariouslevels andnetim i crobial associatesaffecttheirnet o ental orm b th occur? ionts tolifewithinm

istry acrosscolonization pacts influencedbythe

a Sirex nagem populationsand e nt related. y cangium

Sirex- 168 . Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). 5. Critical Issues: 12. Connectingthescales:Frommolecularthroughlandscape 5. Variability: 4. Inconsistentcom outbreaks. 3. Detectionandm (i.e. m 2. Tools/techniquesthatfunctionacrossscalestopredictim 1. Quantificationofclim m populations incontinuouspinehabita 8. Lookforgeneticdifferences(m between habitatandm 7. Quantifyedgebehaviorbyreleasing 6. Tests:naturalandm 4. Process:pherom 6. Data: a Prediction. trix types. Comment citer cedocument: o a. Som b. Reasonablevariability canbeaccom a. Landscapescaledataproblem variability). b. Som re thanrisk/susceptibilityratingsystem

e e criticaltokeep(Tem canbeaveragedoveratproperscale(Dispersal, host

onitoring system ones, m m itm a a trix. nipulated landscapes. ate-change effectsonforestinsectdynam ent toproactiveef i croclim ate, clutter,speciescom s capableofm peratures, Phenology). t vs.populationsseparatedbyvarious m icrosatellite m atic (CoverMaps,ADS,satellite). a rked beetlesbracketingtheboundary f o rts capableof m s). odated. easuring im a rkers) betweenbeetle m position? pending outbreaks itigating im pending i cs.

pacts. 169 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Critical Issues: 13. Insect-plantinteractions interrelationships betweentem 2. W interactions m 1. Studiesonthedirectandindirectrolesofm 8. Questions: 7. Models: m 4. Theoryofplantdefenseshouldbeexpandedto m plant interactionquestions. 3. Perhapsplantpathologicalapproachescanbe used toaddresssom pathogen] interactions. i crobes interferingwithhost responsestoinsects. e Comment citer cedocument: needtopushtheboundariesofourunderstanding certain areas?). b. Som outbreak inanarea?howrapidlywillim a. Som b. Som m a. Som e. SouthSidePhloem d. Am c. Unreasonablevariabilitycan’t. o rtality, succession) bient tem u e e e e st continue. scaled-upeffectseasytoinclude(flightthresholds,winter canbeansweredwithconfidence(canapopulationexperience cannot(whythistreeandthatone?whenwillMPBreach m

o re problem

p eratures easytoget. tem atic (m poral andspatialscalesininsect-plant[ p s hardtoget. ixed hosts,com i crobes ininsect-plant pacted areasgrow?). o m re explicitlyinclude unity) e insect- - 170 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Critical IssuesTrackSum D. Change(CHA)TrackCoordinator:AllanCarroll 2. Globalwarm 1. Majorthem a. Globalwarm interactions. critical inim constitutive defensesandineachphaseoftheinduceddefenseresponseare 9. Identifyingthesignalingm alone andincom their regulation)willhelpdeterm 8. Characterizationofchem should beinvestigated. 7. Im sam 6. Suchknowledgeisalsoim accounted for. 5. Tounderstandinsect-treeinteractions,intra-plantheterogeneityneedstobe c. Com the f b. Forestm p u pacts ofinducedtreedefensesonthepopulationdynam ling proceduresanddensity-dam Comment citer cedocument: ture es: Change m ing: largestsourceofchangeanduncertainty. unicating ourscience:therightm m a nagem proving ourknowledgeofthem a ry: ing: largestsourceofchangeanduncertainty b

inations. e nt: copingwithlegaciesfrom ical pathwaysoperatingindiversespecies(and portant forconstructingm echanism ine theim age relationships). s involvedinestablishingpatternsof e portance ofvariouscom ssage fortherightaudience echanism thepastanduncertaintiesof s oftree-insect a nagem i cs ofbarkbeetles e nt plans(i.e., pounds 171 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

4. Com fut 3. Forestm

u re. m ownerships ? d. W sort outcorrelationandcausation. c. Effectsoffragm change. b. Riskm to barkbeetles. a. ForestedlandsinwesternNorthAm d. Mitigationef pathways –scientistsneedtoget“infront”oftheissue. by researchintoim c. Ef insect populationprocessesisrequired. b. Despitem unpredictable. a. Clim a. Exponentialincreasein inform e. Regional&internationalcooperationisrequired: unicating ourscience:therightm a f h nagem Comment citer cedocument: ective m at arethelegalrequirem ate changeisagiven,butim 1. Research,technology,training,assistance,publications 1. PublicvsPrivate;“Natural”W odels needtoincludetheinteractionofstandconditionsandclim e nt: copingwithlegaciesfrom a

turity ofourscience,m itigation of f o rts m

e pacts ofdifferentclim ntation onpestm u st includeconservationof im pacts willrequireproactivem e nts form ation availability e pacts tof ssage fortherightaudience. o a nagem re inform erica areinhighlysusceptiblecondition a ate changescenariosonbiological naging “pests”indifferentland thepastanduncertaintiesof U e o I settings nt areim rest ecosystem ation ontheroleofclim geneticresources. portant, butdifficultto a nagem s arestilllargely e nt inf ate in o rm ate 172 ed Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). 2. d. a. 1. Critical Issues: 14. Challengesofusingon-lineresourcestoaidinforestentomologyeducation

c. Challengetotheteacher:com b. Challengetothescientist:com 4. Increaseuseofpowerpoints forbothpresentationandassignm 3. IncreaseuseofBugwoodandotherdigitalsites Finding Finding Comment citer cedocument: a. Isitavailableforeducationaluse? f. W e. Isitlim c. Isthereacitation? b. Ifelectronic,isitsearchableandfindableviasearchengines? 1. Applynewtoolstorecruitentom 3. Avoidthechargeofbiasbybuildingandcom 2. Speakup–inf deal withtheflood? 1. Onlineresourcescanf d. Isitproperlyidentified? c. Isitcreditedtothephotographerandsource? b. Isitavailableinhighresolution? Printed Is Inform im h it at isthegeographicscopeofinform ages: creditable? ited bythehostingagencyororganization? or

ation: Electronic? o

politicians

m acilitate inf m unicate tothestudent

unicate todecisionm

o rm ation transf o ation? logists

m a kers unicating consensus er, buthowdowe

ents

173 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Critical Issues: 15. Globalchangeandbarkbeetleoutbreaks

1. Largechangesinclim live lecture. experience, studentperform 15. Asynchronousdeliveryisnotforeverystudent…but-Basedonourlim 14. On-linedeliveryrestrictstheabilityofinstructortolearnaboutstudents hands-on activities 13. Em opportunity toreview 12. Asynchronouscoursedeliveryoffers 11. Adynam 10. Providinghands-onexperiences 9. Maintainingabiologicalbackgroundtotheirstudies 8. Guidingstudentstothebestinform 7. MakesureForestEntom 6. Addm 5. IncreaseuseofGPSandGIS 4. Bettersciencecom catastrophic. 3. Therewillbeshif 2. Planningf forest areuncertain. Comment citer cedocument: ulating som a terial oninvasiveforestinsects o i c on-linecourserequiresdiversedeliverytechniques r f o rest resiliencyandriskspreadingareneeded.

e m aspectsoflecture ts ininsectandhostgeographicrangesthat m unication withthepublic isacriticalneed. ate arelikely,buttheconsequenceswithregards tothe o a logy staysinthecorecurriculum nce indistan ation course areproblem ce deliveredcoursesiscom students greatflexibilityandgreater atic- inparticular, !! p arable to a y be 174 ited Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Critical Issues: insects 16. Effectsoftemperatureandglobalw 4. Developm 3. Furtherunderstandingofclim 2. MPBwithinhistoricalrange 1. Determ transitions tobeabruptandprecipitous. resources. Interactionsofclim 6. Effortstom m 5. Program types 6. Applicationof 5. Quantifytheroleofclim a nagem Comment citer cedocument: b. Advance/verifythem a. Variabilityam b. Doesawarm a. Roleofanom b. Aretheserelativerolesthesam a. Howim a. Preparefortheverylikely. e ine therelativerolesof nt scenariosassociatedwithclim s toexplorepotentialbiologi a nagem itigate clim

silviculturaltreatm portant isdrought? e nt strategiesforat-riskecosystem ing clim alously hightem ong populations? ate warm ate change ate im odeling efforts ate effects thevariousclim ate changeandbioticagentsm a ing insprucebeetleoutbreaks W ply m rming onpopulationecologyofforest e should includeconservationofgenetic nt p i nter tem eratures inforpastlargeoutbreaks s toat-riskareasm e Responseofotherbarkbeetles? cal pathwaysunderdifferingforest everywhere? o ate change. re widespreadoutbreaks? p ate f eratures? actors s

a intain spruce a

y cause 175 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). e. d. c. Critical Issues: 17. StatusofNorthAmericanbarkbeetles 1. SettingaForestHealthProtectionProgram 14. Isbrowntailm to another? 13. Istherevariationinattackratesby 12. W 11. IsbiocontrolusingINAbacteriaworthpursuinginthissystem colder tem adelgid, buttodatedonotincludethe 10. Lifetableandclim 9. W the exactm 8. Insectsuseavarietyofm peer-reviewed docum 7. Evidenceofclim

h Comment citer cedocument: at aspectsofcoldtem ill globalwarm a. Pestm a. Variation,no.tim b. W Risk Restoration Early p

echanism eratures. ildfire m m warning a onitoring andm

pping o th athreattootherregionsofthecountry? ate changeim oftheadelgidiscurrentlyunknown. onitoring andm ing alterthecurrentdistributionofbrowntailm ent andm ate studiescanbe system es belowfreezepoint,tim p echanism erature aretheadelgidm a

de availabletopublicandgovernm a pacts on nagem a nagem s Compsilura concinnata

to surviveoverwinteringtem e insect’s potentialabilitytoadapt nt bark beetlesshouldbecom used topredictthefuturerangeof e

nt ing ofm o st susceptibleto?

o from lt?

e oneregion o nt. p th? p eratures; iled ina 176

18. Challengingow 12. Criticalissuesofoutbreakepidem population growth? 11. Isspatialcontiguityofsusceptible age cohortssignificantlydepleted. 10. Howwillcurrentoutbreaksaffectfutu 9. Needtoincorporateclim fire interactionsforforestplanningpurposes? 8. Canwedefinestatisticalhazardrates 7. Towhatdegreewillthef stand conditions. 6. Atleastintheshortterm weather events. 5. Barkbeetleactivityistheresultof susceptible tobarkbeetles. 4. Largeportionsofforestedlandsin 3. Im training, assistance,publications. 2. Regionalandinternationalcoopera

pact ofenvironm Comment citer cedocument: c. Criticalknowledgegap:long-distancedispersal an outbreaktocontinue? b. Aretheresituationswhereagovernm a. W h nerships andfragmentation at level(s)ofdisturbance(s)aretolerablefor"natural" areas?

ental andclim ate changeinriskm u ture repeatthepast? , m

a nagers atic factors western NorthAm iology inBritishColum

tion andfunding:research,technology, the interactionofstandconditionsand have theabilitytoaf of barkbeetleoutbreaksand/ standsim re outbreakpotential?

odels. e nt canbeliableforallowing portant forbarkbeetle erica areinacondition b ia f ect andchange Susceptible

177 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Critical Issues: 10. Incentivesforkeepinglandincontiguousforest cover adjacent landownersandotherpartiesinvolved. 9. Provideforum m 8. Findwaysofm appeal. 7. W f 6. Creativestrategiesforeducatingthesm 5. Difficulttosortoutcorrelationandcausation system 4. Responsedependsuponm 3. Fragm because ofthedem 2. Connectednessisim the dem 1. Edgeeffectsareim protection. 12. Possible,reasonableandlegalm poultry operations). protection orm 11. Potentialforestresourceconcerns o o rest health re practicalandeconom Comment citer cedocument: h enever possible,presentforesth (e.g.,behaviorofnaturalenem onstrated exposuretoforestedgenearlyeverywhere. e ntation caneitherincreaseordecreasepopulationstability. a nagem

s a onstrated connectednessofforestoverlargeregions. thatencourageinteractionandcom king forestm portant -Riskfact e nt offorests portant –Thereis ical. a ny factorsre a nagem eans of considering neighboringlanduses,(e.g., ies, etc) (e.g.,waterquality)associatedwith ors arenearlyeverywhere,becauseof ealth issuesincontextswithbroad e nt practicesonsm ariskfactornearlyeverywhere, preventing/m all-tract NIPFlandownerabout lated tothespecificpopulation itigating futureforest m unication between all orW U I tracts 178 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). a. d. a. Critical Issues:Sum E. DirectTacticsinForestInsectManagement(TAC)TrackCoordinator:ScottSalom Critical Issues: forest pestmgt.tools 19. Hurdlingoverobstaclestow

2. Marketingissues: 1. InhibitorTacticasasuccessfuloperationaltoolrequires: educate landownersregardingtheseconcerns. 15. Investigateandlearnhowtom m 14. Geographicdistributionoffragm 13. Fragm 3. RegulatoryIssue a nagem m Comment citer cedocument: a c. Treatm b. Coordinatedandfocusedeffort a. Continuetoreducethe regulatoryburdenforarthropodpherom d. Custom c Donotdependonotherstoprovideextras b. Productm

rized foreachoftheW e Strong Pursue Consistent e nt, i.e.differencesbetweenEastandW ntation isanongoingconcern. e research significant

ers, researchers,andsuppliersneedtoworktogether nts developedthatm a results y be>thanitappears base a rd implementationofsemiochemical-based opportunities o rkshops. a eet researchandm na

ge intheselandscapesandhowto e ntation andhowitaffectspest e st a nagem e nt needs ones 179 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). 3. 2. b a Critical Issues: 20. Treeprotection 3. Methodsform 2. System 1. Protectinghigh-valuetreesintheW

Comment citer cedocument: environm recreational, oradm a. Achieve3+yearsprotectionofhigh-valuetreesinresidential, MPB. d. MCHworksforDFB,yetverbenonerem that arepulled. c. NewAIsneedtobeidentifiedm longer lastingthanotherconventionalsprayoptions. b. Preventivetreatm a. Preventionisalwayslesscostly.

. .

E ic insecticideinjectionsgoals A A L B B : : needed. 1. Morecost-effectivem 1. Im

ent. a Find Stop

naging exoticwoodborers proved m EAB-resistant long-range i e nistrative sites.Minim nts withcarbarylareeffective,econom e thods forallaspectsofm m ovem ash. e st e e nt. thods forsurveyandcontrolare a ke upforproductregistrations i ze im a ins inconsistentagainst a nagem pact onsafetyand e nt. ical, and 180 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Critical Issues: 22. Perspectivesontreatmenttacticdevelopment andapplication Critical Issues: 21. Standleveltacticstoaddressforestpestproblems

3. BarkbeetleProtectionProjectsinIdahoandsouthernUS 2. MechanicalFuelReductionim 1. ModelingAshborer/Managem 1. Discovery,developm Comment citer cedocument: c. Moreeffectiveiffocuscouldbeonlandscape level forests b. Inter-agencycollaboration/team program a. Educationtolandownersandcont a. Chippingincreasesbeetleactivity used. c. Reviewonlinem b. Determ a. Inform b. Labelingcanthenbeexpanded forforestpests a. Drivenbym have lim 5. N.A.ashspeciesheavilyattackedinAsia(biocontrolm reasonable goal. 4. Infestationisbeyondthepointwhereeradicationa s. ation onEABbiologylacking ine whereEABisinrelationtoitshost.

a rkets ofm ited potential). ent, andregistrationofpesticides odel forrefine pacts onbarkbeetleactivity a e jor Agpests nt Im plications workneeded. and m ractors iscriticalforim onitor standswherem plem odel is enting 181 a y Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The 1. Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Critical Issues: invasive forestinsects 23. Shapingfutureforest:Usingclassicalbi 4. Analternativetouseoftransgenicsforgeneticim 3. Term 2. Ecologicalm

W i Comment citer cedocument: nter b. Betteropportunitiesbycom a. Biocontainm term b. Boratesandphysicalbarriersaredefiningadditionalparadigm than theircurrentcounterparts. a. Newgenerationofnon-repellents b. Modelsareabletoshoweffectsclearly. necessarily insight. a. Decision-supporttoolswillbeusedtopredictoutcom stringent. c. Criteriaforacceptablepesticides Nova ScotiaandBritish Colum c. MuchBCworkneeded m b. Issuesrelatedtoalm a. Aseriousproblem iticides inurbanenvironm o m th’s distributionoverlap-ID,hybridization,efficacy ofBC o ite prevention. th odeling forriskassessm

ent/gene leakageisabigconcernfortransgenics. inMA o ent st identicalBrucespanworm Cyzenis m b ological controltoreduceharmfrom ent itting tobreedingandsilviculture ia parasitoidthatwassuccessf are providingm willcontinuetobecom provem e nt ofpines o re robustcontrol , whereboth e e s, not m ul in s for 182 o re Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). 5. 2. 3. 2. Critical Issues: 24. Challengestobiologicalcontrol 4. EABandALB 3. Criticallyanalyzeanddocum 2. Prioritizebetween“needtoknow”and“nice know”studies. 1. Knowledgeofsystem HW Sirex Eucalyptus Comment citer cedocument: A b. Im a. DevelopIDm b. Sam a. Lim b. ShippingofBCagentsisfartoocom a. Docum concentrating inextrafloralnectariescannegativelyim b. System borers andredgum a. Maintainingadequatem woodwasp prove trappingm ited trackrecordforBCofwoodborers Borer e 3. Countriesweshipfrom 1. Agenciesdon’ttalkwitheachother issuesasaboveregardingperm e Rules ic insecticidescanreducesusceptibilitytoborers,yetwhen

nt indetailallaspectsofbiologicalcontrolefforts constantly e s iscritical. thods forwasps,nem lerppsyllid e thods andtraptreetacticforIPM ent everystepofthebiologicalcontrolprocess. change o isture totreesreducessusceptibility allhavedifferentrules a p its forandshippingBCagents todes, andfungi licated pact BCagents. 183 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Critical Issues: 25. Decisionsupporttools

3. StatisticalTools-Landscapesandinsects 2. Ortho-rectifiedim 1. Rem the shipm 4. Createandsupportaninteragencytaskforcetohelpcoordinateexpedite 4. Decisionsupportforlarge-scale IPM-Gypsym Comment citer cedocument: o c. Im assessm b. Ref intensive activities a. Continuedevelopm signatures bycausalagentsindifferentconditions. c. Moreprospectiveapplicationsarerequiredtorefinespectral larger scale b. Lesseffectiveonsm later use a. Providesim needs tobeandcanaddressed. b. Statisticalnon-independenceof for interpretingdatacorrectly.….Doitifyoucan. a. Detectionofecologically-relevantsp te sensingtosurveypestsinMexico e nt ofbiologicalcontrolagentsfrom prove tim i ne sam ent surveys

agery forrapidassessm portant inform eliness forrapidassessm p ling strategiestooptim ent ofautom aller targetareas/yeteconom ation on pestpresenceandbackgroundfor a overlapping buffersorlandscapes ted im ent forforestdam theirpointsoforigin. ents atial scalesforstudiesiscritical age analysistoreducelabor o ize m th slowthespread o rtality anddam a ic lim ge itations at 184 a ge Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). a. 1. Critical Issues: F. BiodiversityandNaturalHeritage(BIO)TrackCoordinator:MikeWagner Critical Issues: 26. Naturalforests/indigenoustrees forest productssuchasedibleplants,ecotourism 3. Needforbasicandappliedresearchonim environm 2. Needtoevaluatehowchangesinforestcom food sourceforotheratriskplantsandanim and recoveryplansforinsectspeciesatriskofextinctioninsectsthatareacritical 1. Needforadditionalbasicresearch,developm

ental servicesandtraditionalforestresourceoutputs. Biodiversity: Comment citer cedocument: program b. Datalife-cyclem im a. Standardizingproceduresfordeci e. Forestrym d. Biodiversityandforesttypeinteractionsarepoorly understood c. Cultural/non-traditionalresources. b. Ecosystem Endangered portant forinvasivespecies. .

a com nagem species. p lexity inalteredforest. e a nt andm nagem als. e pacts offorestinsectsonnon-traditional nt s a p nipulation effectsonbiodiversity ent ofm lexity alterhowforestinsectsim , m hould supportthedailyneedsofa sion-support asearlypossibleis e dicinal plantsetc. a nagem e nt recom m e ndations, pact 185 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). 1. c. b. 4. 3. 2. 1.

Critical Issues: 27. Endangeredspecies 2. USFishandW 4. Cultural/Non-traditionalResources: trophic interactionsandpestdam 3. Ecosystem

Endangered Comment citer cedocument: a. Forestpestsim e. Structuringoverstorybiodiversityforpestm d. Pestm functions? a. Howm a. EndangeredInsects-38speciestotal function f. Determ c. Medicinalplantsandinsects b. Ecotourism Trophic Overstory com insects a ining theeffectofovers Dragonfly, Grasshopper, Beetles, Lepidoptera,

ildlife ServiceDivisionofEndangeredSpecies. nagem

interactions u p ch canecosystem diversity/understory lexity inalteredecosystem andforesteffects e pacts onfleshyfungi nt effectsofnative/exotictrees. 12 1

23 1 a

ge.

s bealteredandstillf diversity tory speciesdiversityonecosystem s: influenceonbiodiversity, a nagem e u nt lf ill ecosystem 186

Critical Issues: 28. Cultural/non-traditionalresources 10. Developm 9. Validationofresultshabitatm 8. Detailedpreandpostspboutbreaksforestinventorydata elim 7. Mycorrhizalfungaldiversityreducedas 6. Lossofplantdiversitym inf 5. NEEDED-->Infrastructuretoa 4. Socialandeconom 3. Possiblelossof 2. Indirectim 1. Directim 5. Red-cockaded/Ivory-billedW 4. Disappearanceofgiantsilkm 3. Non-targeteffectsofbiologicalcontrol 2. Insectspollinateendangeredplants anthem 11. Forestentom im pact ofinsectoutbreaksonforests. e stations tom inated. Comment citer cedocument: . pact couldaffectspecificspecies. pact bychanginghabitatdynam ent ofalternativem itigate possibleim

o pollinators. logy, particularlyin ic im pact onalreadym eans lossofand/orchangesinfungaldiversity.

o ths oodpeckers pacts. odels vs.currentdataonwildlifespecies e thods toevaluatepositiveandnegative llow forrapidresponsetopossible North Am specificplantspeciesarestressedor a

i rginal ruraleconom cs. erica, lacksatruem ies. odern 187 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Western ForestInsectWo Comment citer cedocument:

rk ConferenceFoundersAw

ard 188 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

1 about theinsectsthatare dam for m For m as hewasknownaroundthecollege,undoubtedly undergraduate yearsattheStateUniversityofNe A. H.MacAndrewswasthechairm Aubrey H.MacAndrews influence andguidance,itm people thathadasignificantin Before highlightingsom Special People of Research oftheSoutheasternForestExperim for m I alsowanttosaythathavingtheopportunity sensing andm wasn’t lim with FAOinRom Pineville, LA,Missoula,MT,Davis,CA,Fort who hasm I callthispresentation,“ForestHealthProt m award, aretheOscarsofForestEntom BC, thisaward,alongwiththeSouthernFore were involvedbut,unfortunately,Idon’tknowwhothey is theonethatnom the W First, Iwanttotakethisopportunitytha Introduction

R y thef eci life. pi e e e e ent . ThisiswhereIbeganm . First,hem i stern ForestInsectW , hewasabrightstarinfacultyfilled

rst m oft ited toforestentom oved aroundasm h e e 2005FoundersAward,W m a ny yearsofprogram b W ers of e illiam , Italy,it’sanappropriatetitle inated m a Forest HealthProtectionUnderaWanderingStar Comment citer cedocument: de itclearinhisrequire theAshevilleFPMFieldOf e M.Ciesla ofm e a o forthisrecogn y havetakenaverydifferentdirection. u a

rk Conferen o ch asIhaveduri y ging ourforests fluence onhowm logy. Italsoinvolvedsom owncareer,Iwanttotakethisopportunityrecognizesom

y work:firstas 1 m ForestHealthManagem e an ofthe st a ern Forest nagem o logy. For ce 2005FoundersAward.IknowCarrollW nk everyonewhowasinvolve ection UnderaW ition. Ialsoknowthatanum d Entom e e Collins, COandPortland,OR,plusafewyears nt. nt duringthesum with giftedteachers.Prof.Macdidtwothings

Departm Insect that wedonotknow.He alsobroughtthereal ng m aseasonalwiththeDivisionofForestInsect st InsectW . Inaddition,asm y give thisaddressinAsheville,NCisspecial w YorkatSyracuseUniversity.Prof.Mac, professionallifedeveloped.W f m i ce of W y o e ForestServicecarrier:Asheville,NC, , thisistrulyoneofthehighpoints logy 2classthattherewasagreatdeal o e thebestteacherIhaveencountered. rk C nt ofForestEntom are.AsIsaidlastyearinVictoria, Region8. e onference forestpathology,alotofrem e o nt International rk Conference’sA.D.Hopkins a ndering Star.”Forsom m e o r of1959andlaterasone st ofyouknow,m d inm ber ofotherpeople o logy duringm y selectionfor ithout their y illiam work e 189 one o te y e s

st unforgettableindividualsIeverm e ith t BobHellerduringthesum e, thedirectorofForestPestCont a e intain thisleveloftraininglongafterhelefttheOSS. togograduateschoolunde h en IwentbacktoSyracuseth ent ofm y onths later, undergraduatedegree,Iretu Comment citer cedocument: f m i . Heoftenspententir ce. o e r, Iwashooked.kne logist bythenam e thods topredict y ittedly, IwasatooyoungforthejobbutwithRuss’s supportand o sprayprojectswhilehewasworkinginCanada. interesttothe of 26,Russsawfittoselectm logy and,despite the appliedfunctionsofDivisionsForestInsectand y thatsum

sect ResearchhereinAsheville.Igotinvolvedaerial firstpracticalexperienceasaprogram a m de the e r of1959. m e eam rol inR-8wasRussellK.Sm m switch andbecam e r helpingGenerearandreleasepredatorsofthe point thatduringthesum echnical assistancetosuppressionprojectswere ofGe defoliator outbreaksandhadtheopportunityto ation. Forsom e e lecturesdescribingconsultationshehaddone e r j lor aerialphotosofthebalsam at Fall,Ihadsom t. Hegrewuponahom crupulous treesurgeonsorcrazythingsthat inSeptem Russtoldm r theGovernm the heavycourseload,m ob withtheSoutheasternForestExperim Research Project.”Bob andhisteam tered aseriesofzone life ontheprairie.DuringW w whatIwantedtodofortherestofm Bob workedwiththeForest Serviceoutof rned toAshevilleandtheSoutheastern ne Am ber 1960,Russtookalikingtom m a e e n, whoisalsoarecipientofthis e e oneofthecharterm tobethe“ZoneLeader”of abouthisOSSexperiencewas unknownreason,Russfeltit e nt Em e realdirection.Iloadedup m ployees TrainingAct. or fieldofficesstaffed m e ith. Russwasoneof r betweenm a y nager. gradesim estead ineastern woollyadelgid ent, hem W IIhejoined e m y proved would b junior a ers of de it 190 e nt e y .

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). egg parasitism and im the eggm In 1961,Irecoveredaneggparasitoid,subsequently identifiedas m of northGeorgia,southeasternTennesseeand Ennomos subsignarius I spentasignificantam Asheville, NC–1959-67 Carrier Recollections own listofspecialpeople. receiving thisaward,wouldbeforoneortwo colleague. From way youcanreallythankthem very likely,bythetim you inthisroom fully understoodthepositiveim Sadly, allbutthelasttwooftheseoutstandi between 1990-1995whenIservedastheOr learned thebasicsofFAOFieldProgra Program FAO inRom Patrick isanativeoftheEast Patrick Tesha things. worked together,awonderfulsynergydeve deal ofcontactwithoneanot Phil directedaparallelnationwiderem MD. Later,whenIwasDirectoroftheFore Phil isacontem Phil W assessm later ledm course inaerialphotogram m o i d 1960s,theoutbreakencom rtality onMt.Mitchell.Bob’sworktweakedm e m ent offorestdam ber m e a diately afterreturningto Ashevillefrom e sses ofthisdefoliator. e . Ihadalotofoccasiontoworkw toexploreaerialphotosandothe e . Asubsequentevaluation indicat andhewasinchargeofth canassem porary. If thatpointof Comment citer cedocument: e yougetaroundtodoingthis , ahardwooddefoliatorthathadreachedepidem ount ofm a ge andBobwasalwaysagreatsupporteroftheworkIdid. b m i le alistofpeople rst m e her andtookonanum African countryofTanzania.Im try duringm istohaveasim p pact theyhadonm view, theonethingthatwouldm

assed inexcessof1m Twoyearslater,theeggs didn’thatchaccordingtoschedule y e earlyyears t Philwhen o te sensi y ganization’s ForestProtectionOfficer. st PestManagem loped andtogetherweaccom senior ng people,aregone.TheyweregonebeforeI m that hadasim ith PatrickanditwasunderhisguidancethatI ng project.Duringthoseyears,wehadagreat in Ashevilleworkingwiththeelm m of youtoseefitincludem western NorthCarolina.Duringtheearlyto r rem ilar effectonthelifeandcareerofafriendor he wasonBobHeller’sprojectinBeltsville, e AfricaDeskoftheFAOForestryField e y ed thatnearly60%of , whichwascriticaltom graduateschool,Idetected highlevelsof y , som interestandcausedm year.ItwasBob’sinfluencethatyears

ber ofcooperativeefforts.W life. Im o te sensingapproachesonm illion acresofm e ofthem ilar influenceonyourlives.And, e e nt MethodsApplicationGroup, ntion thisbecauseeveryoneof e t PatrickwhenIworkedwith Telenomus alsophilae toowillbegone.Theonly ean m ic levelsoverportions i xed broadleafforests. o theeggshadbeen e re tom p totakeanelective lished som y y workinFAO nam e spanworm h eventhan y enever we e ownfor onyour e , from good 191 ,

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). The f Headquarters inJackson. charter asm The MississippiForestryCom Service aerialsurveyteam attem priority areasforsalvage.Forseveraldays The MississippiForestryCom infrastructure ontheMississippicoastandcause Hurricane Cam second daughter,Cathywasborn into m I transferredtoPineville,LAm Pineville, LA–1967-70 capabilities inboththeAshevilleandPinevilleFieldOf enthusiastic aboutm presented theresultsof caused m use ofbothcolorandcolor-IRaerialphotosasa southern pinebeetle, Of Appalachian Trail. stables atnight,leavingusstranded,andfi tam areas offirm rem Southern AppalachianMountains.Forseveral localized infestationsineachoftheareas adelgid, Another m these unitsfortreeim vehicle toreachintothecrownsoftallpines. insects insouthernyellowpineseedproducti During them about threeweekspriortoegghatch(Ciesla1965). outbreak area(Ciesla1964).Ayearlater,Iwas parasitized. Thehighlevelofparasitism of severalchem Louisiana. In1969,scientists attheSouthern tupelo forestsofAlabam coursethem e o blackbearscom te areasoftheGreatSm p o ting tocoordinatethesurvey.Thesurveywas successf rest tentcaterpillar, y Pinevilleassignm Adelges piceae o a rtality usingam jor insectpestwithwhichIcon all airplanetodeliverthem o i d 1960s,Iwasinvolvedinassessm rtality. Thesewererealwilderne ille wasaCategory5storm a ical andbiologicalinsecticides jor insectpestIdealtwith, Comment citer cedocument: a provem Dendroctonus frontalis king thetechniqueope i thisworktoRussSm ng intoourcam . Throughacom a’s MobileRiverBasi m ent, inAugust Malacosoma disstria e u a m nt work. lti-stage sam pped over1.8m oky Mountain m i

ssion wassoanxious i ssion requestedasurveytom a nage th and HurricaneCam psites to a b ps ination ofaerial 1969, twothingshappenedsim e PinevilleFPCFieldOfficein1967.Twoyears nding cachesofwhitelightninghiddenalongthe Icom p

f ling technique(Cieslaetal.1967).W . In1965,Ihadtheopportunitytoexplore both inAshevilleandlaterPineville,wasthe on areasandsuccessfullytestedahydrauliclift ith, was accom tinued tobeinvolvedwasthebalsam National Parksonhorsebacktogroundcheck r Forest Experim th SeveralyearslaterR-8purchasedseveralof spruce-fir forestinthehighelevationsof rational andwedevelopedprojectairphoto om n andtheAchafalayaRiver Basinofsouthern ss adventuresthatinvolvedincidentswithhalf illi , isarecurringdef able todeterm years, wem f en d blowdownoveralargeareaoftheState. R-8 DirectorofForestPestControl,hewas at causedm o tool forassessm Alexandria/PinevilletotheCom steal horsefeed,horsesreturningtotheir on acresofblowdown(Terryetal.1969). m r controlof ts ofseedlossescausedbyandcone u ted betweenthehospitalandof to receivethesurveym f i ille struckthecoastofMississippi. ces. p anied byasignificantdeclinein and groundsurveys,wedetected e a nt Stationconductedfield tests ine thatparasitizationoccurred a de annualtreksintothem thisdef ully com jor dam a ent andinventoryofbeetle p blowdownandidentify o liator of o p a liator intheMobile ge topropertyand leted andtheForest u low-lyingwater ltaneously. My a ps thatIhadto m woolly i ssion’s h en I f 192 i o ce, re

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). residents toworkbothinthefieldandlaborat National Forest,setupaf Choristoneura occidentalis control projectsoftheinsecticideZectra In thesum Managem Disease Branchfrom and workintheW Missoula, MT.Them During thelatterpartof1970,Iwasselectedtofillavacancyforanentom Missoula, MT–1970-75 (Ciesla etal.1971a). and successfullyevaluatedthedegreeoffoliage m spraying, classicpreandpostspraylarvalsa River Basin.Sincetheareaswe DDT, whichwasbanned in1972,againstthisout inef both inR-1andR-6. In 1973,workinR-6establishedthattheinsecticide Zectranwas The years1973and74werethe Idaho’s foresthealthprogram program m becom state andprivatelands,Iuseditasanexam several years(McGregoretal.1972,1974).In (Ciesla etal.1971b).Theresultantsurveyproduced theneededdataandwasrepeatedfor photos andgroundsurveys,basedontheworkIha m erupted intheNorthForkClearwaterriverba Later thatsum their hardhatsasIturnedacorneronbackroad. during thatprojectwhenIsawladiesfrom in fashion,som I insistedtheywearhardhats.Atthetim real problem job andm could dothejobthatwasneeded.Isoonlearnedtheywerequitecapableofhandling dom crews, 26werefem a a a gnitude oftheoutbreak,Idesignedandconductedam terials wasvirtuallyim nagem f inated professionsandIhadsom ective againstthisinsect. ThiscausedtheForestServicetopetitionEPA f e involvedintheCooperativeForestPe andhiredLaddLivingston.didan e e o nt specialisttotheirstaf nt from m reover, thattheseladiesenjoyedbei wehadwasthatsincetheywere e r of1971,Iwasinvolvedinwhat m e thing notconducivetothewear e 1972-1975. r, am e Comment citer cedocument: st. IservedasEntom a 1970-72andastheRegion’ le. In1971,forestrya ove toMissoulafu a possible. ThePinev jor out i eld laboratoryin (Dewey etal.1972).W form

re inundatedwith6-10feetofspringrunoffatthetim break ofDouglas-firbeetle, f a . ny yearsandjustrecentlyretired. Asare of theDouglas-firtussockm e concerns e, heav o th lfilled achildhooddream pl l ogy SectionHeadfortheR-1ForestInsectand e ofwhytheIdahoDepartm n forcontrolofwesternsprucebudworm clipping branchesoutoftreeswithpolepruners, sult, theIdahoDepartm e fieldcrewsrunningback ille F.O.flewaerialphotosoverthesprayplots Grangeville, ID,andhiredanum ily teasedhairstyles,suchasthebeehive,were ng outinthehillsasm m protectionachievedbythevarioustreatm ory. Ofthe30localswe nd forestentom addition, sincetheoutbreakinvolvedlargely sin innorthernID.Inordertoassessthe p st ActionProgram ing ofhardhats.Therewerem aboutwhetherornotfem outstandingjobofprovidingleadershipto ling todeterm break. HavingtouseDDT againstthis s DirectorofForestInsectandDisease d donewithsouthernpinebeetleinR-8 e to becom establishedthetestonNezperce u ltistage inventoryusingaerial e Dendroctonus pseudotsugae o thelastofaseriespilot ine efficacyofthevarious logy werestillverym o th, , theopportunitytolive andaddaforestpest e u nt ofLandsjoinedthe Orgyia pseudotsugata ch asIdid.Theonly totheirpickupsfor e hiredforthefield nt ofLandsshould a o le fieldcrews logist inR-1, o ber of r theuseof a ny tim local e of ents 193 a es le , , ,

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Through theeffortsof EleanorFranz,MAG traps developedbyGary Daterm tussock m Another oftheactivitieswetookonatMAGwa MOSS softwareavailabletoR-6. system System the firstworkinganduserfriendlyGIS,a which hadanofficeinthesam with theW could beaddressed.However,af placed onGISdevelopm had som Unfortunately, therewerepeopleintheForest points, digitizing”and“overlayprocessing” a com land ownership,vegetationtypesandotherthem system One ofthetechnologieswebegantoevaluate the authoritieswhileJackandIm the FAA.Laterthatevening, white poodles.Oneofthewitnessesm area. W witnessed alargeaircraftreleasingdeepredspaycloudoverratherupscaleresidential test itoverthecom with atankm characterization gridinalargesaltflatsout Burbank, CAforpossibleuseonasprucebudwor staff. Oneofthefirstproject pesticides andJackBarry,form During thefirstyearsofMAG’sexistence,we im function wastoevaluateandim 2 Application Group(MAG)andselected Forest ServiceinW In 1975,RussSm MAG (DavisCA–1975-81,FortCollins,CO1981-88) Ciesla etal.1976). testing otherchem applied them m KnowntodayastheForestHealth a pacts wasoriginallyestablishedinDavis,CAandlaterrelocatedtoFortCollins,CO. ssive outbreakwasnotm puter was,tousinMAG,afascinatingconcept.Soonterm (Penceetal.1983),organizedGIStrainingsessions andeventuallym s (GIS).Theabilitytoin (MOSS).Togetherweconductedanum e ithin m realconcernsaboutcom o e th EarlyW stern EnergyLandUseTeam i a x dyedwithavividreddye,the terial withasm i nutes, thehom ith, whohadnowbecom ical andbiologicalinsectic m Comment citer cedocument: unity of a a shington DC,chartere rning System ent andim Valencia,CA.The s wetookonwastocharacterizea

TechnologyEnterpriseTeam y e es turnedpink,asdidanum proudestm u com tegrate spatialinf erly ofthe

plem ch precision a owners ofthisaircrafthadtodoquiteabitexplaining ter wem an, the2004 intained averylowprof m plem itting toth p ent newt . This lex we a naged to entation intheForestServiceuntilsom m (W e e oved toFortCollins,wedevelopedapartnership U.S. Arm Director todirectthisnewinitiative o m system system were housed.Thisgroup ides thatm earlyonatMAGwasgeographicinform as possibleandconductedaparalleleffortof ELUT) echnologies, especiallyforassessm e becam hern CA.W is technology.Foratim engineer runningthespraysystem Service thatdidn’tshareourenthusiasm d theForestPestManagem atic nt recipient oftheW Adm s theproductionoftrap system o get thetailnum alsohadaroleinaerialapplicationof rm be as aforestentom m wasbasedonuseofpherom knownastheMapOverlayStatistical ofForestPestManagem m r oftestsanddem ation oninsectanddiseasedam y of e anintegralpartofourvocabulary. i a (FHTET) DugwayProvingGrounds,joinedthe nistrative Technician,we established projectinMaine.W p layersandgeneratedatatablesusing workedwell.Severallocalresidents theU.S.FishandW e ile. t withsom ber ofswim h ile enroutetothegrid,loaded DC-7 sprayaircraftbasedin ber oftheaircraftandcalled s suchas“polygons,arcs, F e IW o success(Ciesla1975, logist. However,we 2 had developedoneof onstrations withthis m . Thisgroup,whose e, am s fortheDouglas-fir C FoundersAward. i ng pools,catsand a de acopyofthe e e ildlif nt withUSDA o establisheda e e ratorium nt/ Methods basicissues decidedto ent ofpest one-baited e Service, a ge with ation was and 194

ountain pinebeetlefadersonthe onoscopic exam ountain pinebeetle . W u o ch larchisontheOchocoNationa p st excitingtechnologyweworked ling system t , intheeasternU.S.Duringear , acivilianversionof h o . Thephotom en Philreceivedthephotos, liator of Comment citer cedocument: a e de availablebyNASA ic aerialphotographyfor V ber andIrequestedafli one baitsfordeliverytothefield. i FieldOfficeofNA,we ssion wasknownam ination ofeachphoto an andW toinventorym V broadleaf andnorthernVA. e ber, whohadjust , Dendroctonusponderosae (knowntodayas

coast ofMainetoreassessthedistributionlarchcanker i ssion hadcapture a ps (Ciesla h f ite 1982, the o ic aeria rests e 1:30,000 scaleaerialphotos,PhilW ountai U-2, andthelargeareacoveredbyasinglef excitedlyoverthephone.Aweeklater,Ihada onal ForestinOregonduringOctober1976using

echnique, knownas“officesketchm and theresultingproductwasofoutstanding was occurringoverportionsoftheMid-Atlantic perfect distributionm theMaineForestServicetohelpthem tablished thatwecouldresolvem ER-2/panoram flew aerialphotographyatthepeakperiodof ong and Acciavatti1982).In1983,incooperation he wasecstatic.“Youcanholdthephotosat in ashorttim l cam DennyW during them at them Klein 1982,etal l Forest? takenontheleadershipof n pinebeetlelossesinportionsofColorado, ould holdthephotosoutatarm and transferofpolygonsdefoliationonto ght overatestsiteinMifflinCO,PA.The withduringm 2/3ofPA,allNJ,DE andMD,portions the Rem m organized apilottestof this techniqueand d thelarchatitspeakoffallcoloring.For the forestryrem a pping andassessm ly tom era system ilk cartontrapswithTanglef ” . Inordertodeterm Iasked.Foram o a te SensingApplicationsCenter). i e andacquirecom rd (R-8)trainedteam d 1980s,m i ic photosystem d 1970sandwasintroducedto y waswiththegypsym yearsatMAGwastheuse a o p oflarchalongportions te sensingcom e ent offorestdam ntally andphysically a . 1980).Moreover, ssive defoliationby o theNationwide m ine ifwecould aspartofa p e e ber ordereda lete airphoto ’ ountain pine a nt therewas s lengthand pping” that s ofphoto m m unity as oot and o a rtality r p the am a o 195 ge. th, e

ent ofover70helicopters, afleetoftu h a en Ilookedalittlecloser,noticedth turation feeding.Bythetim h en Iaskedhim m a nd unitsandanArea Com Comment citer cedocument: m P. radiata illion areasprovidingthey unicate alm b er 1987,Ihadm Hylastes ater,Hylurgusligniperda whatwassointeres e nt inR-6,apositionthathadbeenvacantfornearlytwoyears. ental Analysisth itigate thedam plantations.However,Iwasabletorecom e H. ater

m of m Chile,Ilearne e o nt ofinsect o st exclusivel am h re involvedininternationalforesthealthprotection. en y m e theins tim and ong thepa thephotographywasacquiredandprocessed,Denny a nd Syst y firstoppor from e form e H. ligniperda extensive plantationsofMonterreypine, a for RegionalForesterJim ulations of breedingsitesandavoidingthe“J”rootingof rbine poweredfixed-wing aircraftandover700 ge (Ciesla1988a,b). ects weredetected,theyhadspreadthroughout nging experienceforbothPatandI.W project wasagreatsuccessandcontinued ting aboutthelake,hereplied,“I’m act thatwespentlonghoursinthefieldeach at hadbeencom am m wasunderwayintheRegion,withseveral y inSpanish,webothhadagreattim m Planswerealreadyunderwayforalarge

d thatIhadbeenselectedtofillthevacancy em at thelakewasfilledwithboatsandwater the PADivisionofForestry.Ihappenedto (FAO).Duringthepreviousyear,three of BobAcciavatti,en a insectsuppression.W rticipating statesforinterpretationandm y e ining portionsofalargelakewithhand nd inPortland.The project involved of thoseyears,IwasinHarrisburg,PA firstsixm t thepre-sprayinsectpopulationdensities (ICS),anorganizationalstructurefor tunity todoaprojectfortheFoodand Bacillus thuringiensis werekillingyoungpineseedlings onths inR-6.W and p leted, hewouldauthorize Orthotomicus erosus Torrencetoannounce tom e m establishedfive o e logist withthe nd silvicultural . Forthefirst e successfully tryingto e loved Pinus e and , 196

all a p Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). resulted intheestablishm Denny W International Developm Additional fundswerelaterm Kenya andbeginasearchfornaturalenem Project (TCP)toconductsurveys,initiateem 1991). Iwasabletoobtainfundingfrom caused severedam natural forestsoftreesthefam in 1986andquicklyspreadacrosstheregion, identif One oftheprojectsinwhich countries. Patwasabletoaccom incurable caseofwanderlust.Duringthosefive W packed ourbelongingsandheadedfortheEternal the postandsixm and clim forest insectanddiseasem Officer intheFAOForestryDepartm During theearlypartof1990,Isawavacancy Rom Leadership Team GIS. Oneofm others ontheFPMstaffproducedfirstR-6 little encouragem MOSS GIS,whichm By thetim hom put specialistsclosertothefieldandreducedth W OR. Severalyearslater,wecharteredathird W been locatedintheRegionalOfficePortland. Managem Another initiativeinwhichIwasinvolved 1990. branch. W and alloftheunitstreatedm project thatinvolvedexclusiveuseofabiological people. Ibelieveitstillstandsasthela A e a llowa-W endedupstayingforfive. toserveallofW e. Today,fiveForestHealthServiceCent e , Italy–1990-95 ied as ate change.Recallingthefascinatinge a e rd from nt function.Uptothattim e IarrivedinR-6,som e hitm conductedsm Cinara cupressi an NFinLaGrande,ORandanot . ent, in1989,Tom y R-8wasselected onths laterreceivedwordthat a proudestm ge tothecountry’sextensiveplantationsof Comment citer cedocument: a y shington eastoftheCas form ent Agency.Thepr a ent of aller westernsp nagem er unit,MAG,hadm , ineasternandsouthernAfrica.Thisinsectappeared inMalawi I wasinvolvedm a e de availablefrom o t theposttr

The jobturnedouttobeperfectforapersonbornwithan p ily Cupress m theKenyaFo any m e e e nt, forest m nts wasto to betheProject’sChief TechnicalAdvisor.ThisProject theFPMst e y nt inRom Gregg,CathySheehan,Tim e, allof e onm rgest singlewesternsprucebudworm oject fundedbyUNDPwas executedbyFAOand ruce budworm F aceae. TheinsectappearedinKenya1990and eatm ergency controloperationsinhighvalueareas fire m zone officeontheW ers orZoneOfficesareoperatingintheRegion. AO foranem announcem ie cades. Thisinitiativewasasuccessbecauseit a e num regional insectconditionsm theForestPestManagem xperience PatandIhadinChile,appliedfor ny ofthesetrips. e Ihadbeenselected. s foraclassicbiologicalcontrolprogram display thism years Im , Italy.Thejobdescriptionincludedworkin insecticide.Theprojectwasagreatsuccess W e aff wasalreadyinvolvedintheuseof UNDP,theW causing severedam City. Theinitialcontract a rest HealthCentreof the KenyaForest nt criteriaof<1budworm her attachedtotheDeschutesNFinBend de a e a nagem the decentralizationofForestPest establishedazoneofficeattachedtothe ber ofdaystheyhadtospendawayfrom nagem availableseveralyearsearlier.W ent forthepostofForestProtection a suppressionprojectsin1989and e de 45official e nt, airpollutioneffectsonforests nt ofthecypressaphid,initially ergency TechnicalCooperation a Cupressus lusitanica o p atam rld BankandtheCanadian e natchee NFinW McConnellandseveral InJune1990,PatandI a ge toplantationsand tripsto29different e wasfortwoyears. eeting oftheR-6 a nt specialistshad p generatedbya larva/15inch suppression e natchee, (Ciesla ith a 197 .

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). com good relationswithour neighbors andthem years, wehadm Rocky Mountains,leavingRom longer wantedtoworkfulltim In June1995,PatandIreturnedtoFortCollins. Fort Collins,CO–1995-present toast saidbeforehurlingdownashotofthestrong whiteliquororatallglassofbeer. clear, whiteliquorm m are am video andGIS.Oneofthethi stand hazardrating,populationm forests pestsinAnhuiProvince.Theproject project com People’s RepublicofChina.Iform Another projectinwhichIbecam assignm provided opportunitiesforanum Ciesla 1993,andNshubem published thatprovidedarecordoftheinform of ForestServicerepresentativesparticip Salaam grant, Iorganizedaregionalworkshoponleucaenapsyllid, South Am and ittoowasthefirstopportunityforforesten Sirex noctilio later, againwithaForestServicegrant,I were abletom countries participated.Itwasthefirsttim conifer aphidsinKenyaandrepresentatives to conductregionalworkshopsonspecificpest the ForestService.Onseveraloccasions,Iwas Service continuedandapartnershiponforest W Fortunately, thankstothesupportofpeoplelike My newjobwithFAOcausedm eastern MediterraneanRegion(W species newtoscienceandwassubsequentlydescribedas with som control, undertheleadershipofCABIInte Departm a a ny “inform shington DCandSam m unity wecalledhom ong theW , Tanzania(SecondAfricanForestInsect ents onprojectsinChina,India,KenyaandTanzania. e e nt, thefirstofitskind erican ForestInsectW what m ponent thatinvolvedim , inBrazil.Representativesfrom a l” banquets,whichalwaysinclude eet. Icalleditthe“FirstAf a o de friendswithpeoplefrom i rld’s m xed results.In1995,itwasdeterm Comment citer cedocument: a de from o e forfiveyears. KunkelinInternationa st gracioushosts.Duringanum rice.Th ngs PatandIim

e. Event e in Africa(Cieslaetal.1995).Attem ber ofForestServ e o atson etal.1998). e involvedwas andFAOwasdi toend30+year rk Conference) onitoring with uki 1995).Th plem ulated e secondChineseworkwelearnedwas“ organized aworkshopontheEuropeanwoodwasp, entati hough Iwaslookingforwardtoreturningthe e ev ated intheworkshopandproceedingswere e ri and laterprovidedtechnicalbackstoppingtoa rcha m introduced totheChinesetechnologiessuchas can ForestInsectW allovertheW from health concernsdevelopedbetweenFAOand on ofim eight issues.In1991,Iorganizedaworkshopon e ation presented(Cieslaetal.1991,Iedeand rnational InstituteofBiologicalControlm er thatforestentom W Afterm Jim able toobtaingrantsfrom diately learnedabouttheChineseisthatthey a UNDPforestrydevelopm . In1994,thankstoanotherForestService tom nts withwhowedidbusiness inAcilia,the d copiousquantitiesofbeerandatype s asanem o ice personneltoparticipateininternational l Forestry,m sem fficult forbothofus. about10easternandsouthernAfrican rk Conference).Ineachcase,adelegation Space,whowasthenDirectorofFPMin e FAO/ForestServicepartnershipalso SouthAm o logists from i ochem ined thattheaphidinvolvedwasa proved detectionandm o re than35years,Idecidedthatno Cinara cupressivora erous visitstoChinaweattended ployee ofUSDAForestService. Heteropsylla cubana o i cals, aerialsurveys,airborne rld. And,wehaddeveloped y erican countriesparticipated closetieswiththeForest o theregiontom rk Conference.”Ayear o logists from p ts atclassicbiological Duringthosefive theForestService ent projectinthe , nativetothe gambay onitoring of theregion , inDar-es eet (First !” the 198 e t

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). gauge andyelled“ for flighttraining.Afterwecom available aircraftforthesurveywasanAero classify treem large pulpandpapercom Universidade FederaldeParanainCuritiba, In 1998,incollaborationwithAttilioDisperati, addition, Ihavetakenonanum China, Cyprus,Kyrgyzstan,Nicaragua,Pakista consulting projectshavetakenm person foresthealthconsultingcom W involved thedevelopm My workinvolvedestablishing criteriaunderwh the city. each daywalkedacrossa500m W invasion of1974andattem by UNOPSasitstechnicalspecialist.Cyprus Mediterranean Basin.Twoyearslater,whenth Turkish Cyprus.Thisinsectisam (UNOPS) f assistance projectunderconsiderationbythe In 2000,Iwaspartofateam Araucaria angustifolia operational flights,wedefinedtheaerialsignatu trained ateam aerial sketchm leadership toanaerialsurveyprogram 2) toparticipateinthestudy.W aerial sketchm laboratory inColom Several yearslater,theForestService,incollaborationwithEMBRAPAf paper ontheresults,whichwasbasisforfurtherinvestigations(Cieslaetal.1999). good agreem bottles of a m sure itwasfreeofhorsesandcows.Severalhour Even withourdangerouslylowfuelsupply,the m in Lages,thecom and theotherwasnearlyem a h h de anem ile workinginCyprus,PatandIlivedthe en wereturnedtoFortCollins,Ichartered echanic. Theyfailed,however,tobringalongth cold o r m ergency landingatanabandonedairs ent betweentheaerialclassificati ofaerialobserversandconductedase a a o pping toBrazil.TheForestServ p program cerveja a rtality causedbytheEuropeanw nagem m combustible, combustible unity from Comment citer cedocument: bo, Brazil,conductedastudy ent ofadefoliationpredic . Despitethism plantations (Cieslaetal.2002). e nt of wasindeedfeasible p pty. Thepilotm p any, Iconducteda toconductane thepineprocessionarycaterpillar, ts bytheUNtoreso whichwehadta ber ofdom

e e ter neutralzonelin lookedatai e p , andinsom p leted thesu any. This andoverallinterest.Thestudyestablishedthatan i shap, thedem estic consultancies. a jo !” Oneofthefueltanksapparentlywasblocked Boerro,ahighwing,twoplaceaircraftdesigned nvironm a r defoliatorofpineforeststhroughoutthe Brazil, andtwof Forest HealthManagem on andexistinggrounddatawepublisheda na rcraft availabilityandcost,whom ken offandrequestedfuelam e projectwasfinallyapproved,Irecruited n, TrinidadandTobagoSaudiArabia.In has beenadividedcountrysincetheTurkish enterprise hasbeenreasonablysuccessfuland for Brazilandthefollowingyear,ErikI rvey, m tion system pilot insistedonbuzzingtherunwaytom Greek sideofthedividedcityNicosiaand ged togetam e ice invitedm United NationsOfficeofProjectServices ood waspinSantaCatarinaState.Theonly res ofseveraldam s later,AttilioandPatarrivedwithfuel,

dem cases Pat,toplaceslikeBrazil,Chile, to determ e m aprofessorofrem trip nearthecom lve theconflicthavebeenunsuccessful. ich plantationswouldbe treated.This ed withrazorwiretotheTurkishsideof ries ofoperationalflight ental assessm onstration ofaerialsketchm onstration wasasuccess.There o y st criticalofsurvivalrations-several pilotpointedtothestarboardfuel basedonegg-m ine thefeasibilityofintroducing e e o tojoinwithErikJohnson(R- Thaumetopoea pityocampa ssage offtothecontroltower resters f ent ofaproposedtechnical a ging agentsinpineand e m nt International,aone- unity ofCuritibanos. r om o te sensingatthe a CellucatS.A.,a s. Aspartofthe ss counts.Ialso o rest research echanic. W i ght provide a pping to 199 a in ke e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). insecticide dam caused bythisinsect,providedtraininginforest conducted ananalysisofopportunitiesforlong- Applications Conference, Tucson,AZ,April9-13,1990,pp.91-94. Resources withRem detection andassessm Acciavatti, R.,1990.Highaltitudereconnaissa References som Many thanksforyourattention.Ihopeit’sbeen stay reasonablygood,Ihopetobeinvolvedin so Have Ireachedtheendofm be associatedwithdedicated,m few colleagues.Anyonewhoknowsm This isnottosaythatIhaven’thadsom look back,Icanhonestlysaythatlookedforwar you likeandyou’llneverhavetoworkadayinyour som always interesting.Therewereopportunitiestotakeonanewchallenge,discover This presentationhassum Som years wasoneofthem witness theanim com had notanycontactinnearly30year and TurkishCyprushadbeenabletogettoge published (CieslaandGulensoy2003).Itwasthe sides oftheisland.Theconferencewasa presentations andworkshopsfollowedbyone-day contains bulletscarsfrom serves asheadquartersfortheUnitedNati held inApril2003theLedraPalaceHotel both sidesoftheisland(FirstCypriotForest processionary caterpillarthatinvolvedtheFore Therefore, anintegralpartoftheproject com This projectwasoneofseveralUN/US after oneyear. e e a m m e foodforthought. thing newortraveltoaplaceIhadneverb ge inpineandcypressforests(Ciesla2004) FinalThoughts unicating onaregularbasis.Havinghad unication andcollaborationbetweentheTurkishGreekCypriotCom Bacillus thuringiensis ated com Comment citer cedocument: o ent intheeasternUnitedStates–1981-1989. In: ProtectingNatural o te Sensing,Proceedings st satisfyingthingsIhaveeverdone. m the1974invasion. m unication between y a carrier? rized alongj o

tivated peopleandagoodworkingenvironm wasabortedbecausefundingfortheprojectterm Icertain e e knowsthat.However,I’vehadthegoodfortuneto te nse m was toorganizeaworkconferenceonthepine ons PeaceKeepingForceinCyprusandstill ourney: som AID fundedactivitiesdesignedtoincrease Insect W ther sincetheeventsof1974.Colleagues,who nce aerialphotographyforgypsym s, exchangede-m great successand,again,aproceedingswas the opportunitytoorganizethisworkshopand people whohadbeenseparatedforsom ly hopenot.Aslongasm st Departm entertainingandthatI’veprovidedyouwith –ThirdForestServiceRem pestm Nicosia’s neutralzone.Thisoldhotelnow term o een before.Confusussaid“findajobthat The conferenceconsistedoftwodays . Aplannedpilotprojectofthebiological first tim d togoingworkabout80%ofthetim fieldtripsonboththeTurkishandGreek m m e life.” Thatcertainlyappliestom nts withsupervisors,subordinatesanda preventativetacticstoreducedam e o capacityinforesthealthprotection. rk Conference).Theconferencewas a nagem e professionalforestersfrom e tim e nts andotherstakeholdersfrom es sm e nt andevaluatedbarkbeetle a il addressesandarenow ooth, som y andPat’shealth ent. e tim o o te Sensing th dam es rocky, m e unities. Greek . AsI inated 200 a a a ny ge ge e.

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Ciesla, W Mountains. JournalofEconom Ciesla, W Group, Fort.Collins,CO, Rpt.No.83-1,17pp. m Ciesla, W pest m Ciesla, W applications ofcarbarylagainstDouglas-firtussock m Ciesla, W USDA ForestService,NorthernRegion,Fo Douglas-fir beetleinfestationsintheNort Ciesla, W 113. Ciesla, W 55. Ciesla, W Chile, 27pp. Sylvestres ZonasAridasySem plantaciones depinoinsigneChile.FAO, Ciesla, W Foresters. J.Forestry86:27-31. Ciesla, W 30-33, 54-56. Ciesla, W Spokane, W Douglas-fir tussockm Ciesla, W tent caterpillar.Photogram Ciesla, W Photogram Ciesla, W of theelm o th defoliation.USDA ForestService,Fo a nagem ...... spanworm . . . . . M., L.E.DrakeandD.H.W M., 1991.Cypressaphid:anewthreat M. 1965.Observati M., J.C.BellJr.andJ.W M., 2004.Forestsandforestprotecti . . M., R.A.Allison,andF.P.W M. andR.E.Acciavatti. 1982.Panoram M., S.Kohler,J.E.DeweyandM. M., 1984.Mission:Trackthegypsy M., 1988b.Estadoactualypotencialde M. 1975.Pilotcontrolprojectsofch m M., 1988a.Pinebarkbeetles:A M. 1964.Eggparasitesoftheel M., M.M.Furniss,M.D.McGr A e , pp16-18. tric Engineering,33:883-888. e nt. Photogram Comment citer cedocument: , Ennomos subsignarius o th -1974.Proceedings, m e m tric Engineering37:867-873. ons onthelifehistoryof e ic Entom i AridasdeCh tric Engi

. Curlin.1967. ilm o e neering andRem ore, logy 57:837-838. ber. h ForkClearwaterRiverDrainage,Idaho–1971. rest InsectandDiseaseReport71-46,15pp. . JournalofEconom egor andJ.E.Dewey,1971b.Evaluationof 1982.Panoram 1971. Colorphotos,aerialspraysandtheforest ile Docum CONAF,InvestigacionyDesarrollodeAreas D. McGregor,1976.Fieldefficacyofaerial new pestm on inCyprus.ForestryChronicle80(1):107- rest PestManagem m toAfrica' W from Colorphotosandthesouthernpinebeetle. spanworm em e ic aerialphotographyfor m stern ForestryandConservationAssoc., o ical andm lasinfestacionesdelacortezaen th. J.EconEntom 65,000feet.Am Telenomus alsophilae e nto deTrabajoInterno8.Santiago, o s forests.Unasylva16742(4):51- te Sensing48(5):741-747. a nagem inthesouthernAppalachian ic aerialphotographyinforest i ic Entom crobial insecticidesagainst e e nt challengeforChilean nt/Methods Application erican Forests90(7) o o l. 69:219-224. logy 58:702-704. , aneggparasite a pping gypsy 201

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). photography. Photogram Klein, W USDA ForestService,278pp. noctlio Iede, E.T.andW Photogram pine overtheFrontRangeofColorado Dillm State andPrivateForestry,Missoula,MT,20pp. pilot test,NezperceN.F.andIdahostatelands Dewey, J.E.,W Nicosia, Cyprus:USAID,UNPD,UNOPS,92pp. processionary caterpillarinCyprus.Pro Ciesla, W Brazil, 31-38. Inform and m and J.F.PenteadoJr.2002.Developm Ciesla, W http://www.fatorgis.com em para aclassificaçaodam Ciesla, W perspective from Ciesla, W October 1994,FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,Rom in Africa.Proceedingsofaworkshop,Dar-e Ciesla, W crisis inAfricanforestry.W Ciesla, W Managem m Dem Ciesla, W u plantaçõesbrasileirasdepinus.(On ltistate areaof onstration ofpanoram an, R.D.andW a acoes GeograficasAplicadosaEngenha , naAm pping offorestdam . H., 1982.Estim . . e ., A.A.Disperati,F.S.MendesandC.Mendes,1999.Mapeam . . M., D.K.MbuguaandJ.D.W M., E.W M. andL.Nshubem . M., J.OderaandM.J.W . m nt/Methods ApplicationGroup,Ft.Collins,CO,Rpt.No.84-3,21pp. M. andN.Gulensoy(editors),2003.Integratedpestm M., R.E.Acciavatti,J.G.D.W e tric EngineeringandRem érica dosul,23-27Novem . Kenya.JournalofForestry93:36-39. M. CieslaandM.D.Mc . M. Ciesla(editors),1993. theNortheasternUnitedSt . Johnson,Y.M.Malheirosde Comment citer cedocument: . B. W .br/artigos/florest/vespa/vespa.htm o m ating barkbeetle-killed rtalidade deárvorescausadaspelavespa-da-m e a h ic aerialphotogr o tric Engineer ge inBrazil.Pro ite, 1982.Estim rkshop Proceedings,FAO,Rom uki (editors),1995.Leucaenapsyllid:Athreattoagoforestry

. Cock(edito ent ofan o a te Sensing48(5):741-747. ing andRem rd, 1995. Gregor, 1972.The1971westernsprucebudworm b er ceedings ofaworkshopheld8-11April,2003. aphy form Conferência regionaldavespam ati a ceedings: Sensoriam 1992, Florianopolos,Brazil,EMBRAPA,FAO, . USDAForestService,NorthernRegion,Div. s-Salaam rd, R.A.AllisonandF.P.W with highaltitudepanoram line) Artigos-Florestal,Hom ng m aerialsketchm ria Florestal,15-17October2002,Curitiba, rs), 1991.Exoticaphidpestsofconifers:a ates. USDAForestServicePest Oliveira, M.A.DoetzerRosot,J.Ellenwood lodgepole pinewithhighaltitudepanoram Ensuringforesthealthandproductivity:A ountain pinebeetle-killedtreeponderosa o te Sensing48(5):733-737. , UnitedRepublicofTanzania,10-14 a pping hardwooddefoliationovera .

e , 160pp. a pping program e nto Rem adeira ( a ento aéreoexpedito nagem o ic photography. to eSistem e e , Italy,237pp. Sirex noctilio e fordetection FatorGIS e ber. 1984. a nt forpine deira, as de Sirex 202 ic )

lex (Hem easuring annualm a naging forestpest ille inMississippi.ForestInsectandDiseaseReport70-2-18. iptera: Aphididae)onCupr

. E. Bousfield, . . Young,1980. M. Ciesla, o eastern AreaStateandPrivateForestry,4pp. rtality andDiseaseManagem r Drainage,Idaho-1972.USDAForestService, a data.USDAForestService,Pest nd R.G.Foottit,1999.Biogeographyofthe s, Geographic inform 1969. Surveyofdam 1972.EvaluationoftheDouglas-firbeetle station intheNorthForkClearwaterRiver o oflodgepolepinecausedbym D.P. Alm

logical Research89:271-283. Service, NorthernRegion,Missoula,MT, Evaluationofpanoram essaceae, withdescriptionofapest a s, P.J.GravelleandR.D.Oakes, ation system e nt, MethodsApplication a

ge toforestedlands ic reconnaissance -acom ountain pine puter 203

e giventoPHDstudentsandMSstudents. nguished ServiceProfessor)SUNY-ESFandDr.

NT POSTERCOMPETITION 204 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Comment citer cedocument:

POSTERS

205 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). m A studyonbeetleassem em Malaysia. Institute ofBiologicalSciences,FacultyScience, UniversityMalaya50603KualaLum Fauziah AbdullahandKam Beetle diversityinthem caused bythe palustris tests haveconfirm glabratus, counties af albidum where thediseasehasbeenrecognized 2005. Mostredbaytreesarenowdeadinar and Georgia.Thediseasewasalsodiscovere As ofFebruary2006,thediseasehasbeenconfir is nativetoAsia,whereitassociatedwithplantspeciesinthefam dying redbaytrees,andthe am fungus ispathogenictoredbayandcausesa beetle sym tolerance ofcyclohexim been identifiedasan discolored xylem black discolorationofthesapwood.Afungus forests ofthesoutheasternUnitedStatessi 3 Service, ForestHealthProtection, Extensive m Stephen W IN THESOUTHEASTERNUS RED BAYANDOTHERMEMBERSOFTHELAURACEAE AN 1 Departm USDA ForestService,Southern a ail:fauziah@um brosia beetle, ngrove swam OPHIOSTOMA (Nutt.)Nees)withsim e (Raf.) Sarg.,andspicebush, andthe nt ofPlantPathology,Iowa . b f Fraedrich ected bythewiltof ionts, o rtality of Ophiostoma Xyleborus glabratus ps ofTelukapau,Tapak ofsym e . Raffaelea Ophiostoma edu.m d thatsassafrasandot SPECIESAND Comment citer cedocument: 1 redbay( , RobertJ.Rabaglia Ophiostoma i a p de. Theanam ngrove swam y tom sp. b a lage wasconductedus Ophiostoma . Fieldandgrowthcham rulnizam a tic treesthroughout sp.wasisolatedfrom Persea borbonia

ilar wiltsym Research Station,Athens,GA30602; redbay.Th 1601 N.KentSt,RPC7,Arlington,VA22209; sp.basedonsequencesoftheribosom XYLEBORUSGLABRATUS Sham (Eichhoff), alsohasbeencons StateUniversity,Am ps ofNorth-EastLangkawiIslands,Malaysia orph ofth Lindera benzoin specieshasbeenisolatedfrom since 2003.Deadanddyingsassafras( 2 her m nce 2003.Treesexhibitwilt-likesym and Thom Ah Leong,SungaiBelanga Pecah,SungaiBanjar, sulam eas aroundHiltonHeadIsland,SouthCarolina, p

tom d nearJacksonville,Floridainthespringof e m (L.)Spreng)hasbeenobservedinm e af vascular wilt.Arecently-introducedexotic m a e fungusissim e therangeofproblem n b s d intencoastalcountiesofSouthCarolina has beenconsistentlyisolatedfrom havealsobeenfoundinsom ers oftheLauraceae(swam ing Malaisetrapat7 locations inthe f as C.Harrington ected sassaf sym ber studieshavedeterm (L.) Blum p es, IA50011; tom a THREATEN ilar tothegenusofam tic sapwood.Pathogenicity r as wereinf ily Lauraceae. e) aresusceptibletowilt istently foundindeadand 3 2 thebeetle.Thebeetle USDA Forest . Thisfungushas al DNAandits e p ined thatthe sted with p redbay, tom e Sassafras Georgia s a anda brosia ritim pur, the 206 P. X. e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). June 6 20 speciesfrom as atransect,Malaisetraps,pitfalltrapsand diary inthe18 belonging toMalaysiabutIndonesiastillput left thearchipelagotonextdestination,Pe com sam the June11 non-stop returnjourney back toPortKlang,west beetle wascaught.Am Island sam hanging jettyprovideacesstotheisland,Sin Thus itwassurprisetoseePerakIslandwith from A researchexpeditionaboardtheReefChallengertoStraitsofMalaccawasconducted Malaysia. em Institute ofBiologicalSciences,Faculty Fauziah ABDULLAH Beetle FaunaonislandsintheStraitsofMalacca swam at TelukApau.Thebeetlesidentif using lighttrapwerem species of highest atTelukApaufollowedbyPulauTaj generic orspecieslevel.UsingSim from successf from m A totalof203specim stopped beforethewaterhadrisentoohighto about 22:00hthelighttrapwa was fixedinbetweenthem light trapatPulauTajuddinRam Anak SungaiKilim a higherdiversityofbeetleatJarakIsland.Big wavesonJune7 were sam from Perak. From a ngrove swam p p June4 Sg.PinangKarongandonespecieseachfrom 2000hto2400yielding137i sixbeetlefam ling onRum rising from ps. th atPulauSem ul incollecting50speciesof p m led. BeetleabundanceatLalangIsland p th ling wasonlydoneusingsweepne th . Beetleabundanceusing Margalefindexwa 10:00honJune5 a ail:fauziah@um toJune11 ngroves identif th 10beetlefam centurythatPerakIslandhasnovegeta ps. UsingMalaisetrap,5species 4speciesfrom b , SungaiItauandPulauTaj ia IslandusingMalaisetraps Comment citer cedocument: ilies from b e ilan (nineislandsarchipela o ns from ilitary boataskedusto re diverseandm th 2004ontheuninhibitedislandsofJarak,Lalang,Rum a ngrove treesbystandi . ied f edu.m PulauTajudddin ily from th 18beetlefam 4beetlefam s fixedfor1hourinbetweenthetrees.Lighttrappingwas

to17:30thefollowingday,usingstepslighthouse li andTeluk r om ied tospeci y p ndividuals com beetlef son index thesam JarakIs o re Science, UniversityMalaya50603KualaLum light trapassem ily abundant thanthosesam r uddin Ram rak island.Perakislandisacontroversial vegetation. Ahelicopterpadandadangerous Apau. Duringhightideintheday,Malaisetrap om ce m ilies and62specieswereassem p a claim land. Allarenewrecords.Eveningarrivalon uddin Ram es levelareallnewrecordsforthem avoid beingtrappedinthem ling siteswereidentif leave thedangerousarea andthusbeginsour Ram were sam it wasfoundthatthediversityofbeetlesis tting for4hoursinthem 16f coast ofpeninsularMalaysia witharrivalon ng onaboat.Atnight,duringhightideat is higherthanJarakIslandwhereasthere go) enabledlighttrappingatLalangIsland were caughtatTelukApau,threespecies

a p the otherlocations.Lighttrapwasm and pitfalltraps.Only6individuals ny piratesareknowntopassbyPerak li. 118specim rising of17speciesfrom a onit.ABritishvoyagerwroteinhis m tion andonlybirdsaresightedthere. li andSungaiBelangaPecah.Eight s lowinthetropicalrainforest onall ilies atTelukApauand11species p li. Thesam led. Duetoheavystorm b led 31individualscom e ns hasbeenidentifiedto th p p ied. Beetleassem allowsonly5hours led usingMalaisetrap lings weredoneusing o a rning. Onlyone 8beetlefam ngrove swam b led from p , theship rising of a b ngrove ia and b the pur, 207 o led ily re p.

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). chalcographus galleries. Ourresultsthus supportedthese the twocladesrevealedreproductiveincom probably duringtheearlyPleistocene.Moreover genetic distancebetweenthem two m phylogenetic analysisrevealedsixcladesw of theNorwayspruceinEuropewereanalys experim separation ofthisspeciesintoanorthern branches andcrownsof Pityogenes chalcographus & SoilSciences,Boku,UniversityofNaturalResourcesAppliedLifeVienna Institute ofForestEntom D.N. Avtzis,W (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) Race differentiationam will m the establishm releases ofadult predict tom are currentlyinoursecondrearingseasonand Fall 2005,3,000 nigrinus the breakofHW nigrinus lifecycle thatitissynchronouswithofHW The beetle C.M. Allard,L.W Derodontidae) byClem Efforts TowardsMassRearingandReleaseof to otherforestsareasinMalaysia. (Jarak), Lalang(1.592)and0.693forRum and Rum three islandswiththehighestvaluewasat a a ke signif jor cladesrepresentpopulationsconcurringin Central andnorthernEurope,yetthe e generating18,000larvaethatenteredtheso adultsalsoareinaestivaldiapauseth b nts, m ia Island(0.693).Beetlediversity Laricobius nigrinus eet agoalof20,000larvaebythe ent of intotwogeographicalraces suggestedbyE.Führer. . o Arthofer&C.Stauffer i rphological andbiologicalm L. nigrinus cant contributionstowardthebiologicalcontrolof L. nigrinus . A diapause.InFall2004, BurgessandJ.D.Culin Comment citer cedocument: f i eld insectaries.Im ong theEuropeanpopulationsof son University o logy, ForestPathol Picea abies isawidelydistributedbarkbeetleinEurasia, inf have beenm em suggeststhattheyseparatedalongtim isapredatorof erged andwerereleasedin

stands. Inthe1970’sE.Führerfoundevidence for a de inGeorgiaand pr b p Lalangisland(2.851)followedbyJarak(1.924) ith am ovem ia Island.Alltheseindexareverylowcom atibility ed bysequencingthem ogy &ForestProtection,Departm and asoutherngeographicalracebycrossing waslowwithShannon–W ean Laricobius nigrinus paration oftheEuropean populationsof Clem have 15,000larvaethusfar;furtherm Adelges tsugae e soilandem crossing experim s. Populationsfrom end oftherearingseasoninMay.Spring e a nts inourrearingtechniquesandf A. DuringHW xim interm son Universityinitiatedm il andaestivatedduringthesum u Pityogenes chalcographus m sequencedivergenceof2.3%.The s ofreducedeggnichesandlarval Georgia andNorthCarolina.W beetles havebeendonatedtoward erge inthef (HW (Coleoptera: e HW nts betweenindividualsof A diapause(sum itochondrial COIgene.A theautochtonousrange A e beforethelastglacial, ) andhasaunivoltine A. eaver indexof2.204 a ll concurrentwith e a e nt ofForest ss rearing sting m

m m a ore, we cilities e e p r), r. In a ared inly 208 P. L. L. e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). m seasonal technicianin1965andIhavefondm even afterhisretirem W Douglas-fir TussockMothProgram position hehelduntilretiredin1987.Healso USDA ForestService.Heeventuallybecam Experim and PlantQuarantine.Hejoinedthestaff reviews hislongandproductivecareerwhichbe Ken, whoservedasam following alongcareerwiththeUSDAForestServi On Decem Ronald F.Billings,TexasForestService of theinform This posterwillprovidehighlightsof language. Am from collaborations withm living treeshavebeenaddedtotheBugwoodsystem considerable inform distributed bytheBugwoodNetworkin2001.Thousandsofim that focusedoncontentandim (www.barkbeetles.org) evolvedfrom The BarkandW Network, TheUniversityofGeorgia,Tifton,GA31793USA. G. K.Douce,D.J.Moorhead,C.T.BargeronandC.W Bark andW i e ssed byhism stern ForestInsectW erica andothercountries.Som acrosstheUS,EuropeandPacificthatareofconcerntoNorth e nt StationinPortland,Oregon1954 ber 3,2002,forestentom ood-boring BeetlesofLivingTrees. ation andim a ood-boring BeetlesofLivingTreeswebsite ny friendsandcolleagues. ation aboutbarkbeetlesandotherwood-boringof Kenneth H.Wright,1921-2002:InMem Comment citer cedocument: ent. Hewasm a ny USandnon-USagencies,universitiesinstitutes e o ntor form ages thatareavailable. rk Conference.Ke ages containedonaCD-ROMdevelopedand

e a inform ny youngerforestentom from the y thiswebsiteandprovideanoverview firstbo o logist Ke Bark BeetlesofNorthAm 1974- ation isavailableinm n wasadedicatedandhard-workingprofessional ss whenIjoinedtheUSDAForestServiceasa of thePacificNorthwestForestandRange

e e assistantdirectorofthePNW servedasProgram m gan in1948withtheBureauofEntom 1978 andwasafrequentparticipantinthe nneth H.W o when theBureauwastransferredto ce. Thisposterispresentedinm ries ofourtim s sincethenthrough . Evans,TheBugwood o logists, includingtheauthor.It r ight passedawayatage81, ages and o re thanone e together.Kenisgreatly o erica website Manageroftheexpanded riam

Station,a e m o o ry of logy 209 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Prevention ofSouthernPineBeetle( University ofW 1: Dept.Entom N. Broderick Bacillus thuringiensissubsp.kurstaki The Roleof assessm disease trends,facilitateexploringspatialpa (sponsored bytheCaliforniaForestPestCouncil). Thedatabasewillhelptrackinsectand and statedetectionreportsresultsfrom through asim provides spatialandtabulardataforpestsre A geodatabasehasbeencreatedforinsectanddi Forest HealthMonitoring USDA ForestService,PacificSouthwestRegion Michael Bohne,ZhanfengLiu,ErikHaunreite California InsectandDiseaseDatabase USDA ForestService,HealthProtection,Region8. incentives, priortothenextSPBoutbreak. susceptibility throughpublicawarenesscam acres. Theoverallgoalistoidentif private landownershaveparticipatedinth 25 countieshavebeenapprovedforthinningwith stands. AsofMay1,2006,atota preventive m as m abundance ofdensepinestandsonthelandscape. (18,000 acregridblocks)forSPBsusceptibilit Texas. TheTexasForestService(TFS)hasde ( in thesouthernU.S.andCentralAm The southernpinebeetle(SPB), Ronald Billings,L.AllenSm State/Federal PartnershipBenefitsPrivateLandowners Pinus taeda oderate, high,orextrem ents GutBacteriainGypsyMothLarvalSusceptibility to ) arem easures byofferingfederalcostsh 1, p 2 o le webportal.Thedatabaseiscu , K.F.Raffa i l, 2:MicrobiologyDoctoral sconsin, MadisonW o Comment citer cedocument: st pronetoSPBattacksandareth 1 , &J.Handelsm ith, andMichaelMurphrey,TexasForestService e hazard,TFSisen

Dendroctonus frontalis l of29,000acresm Dendroctonus frontalis y beetle-pr I erica. Ov

e program TrainingProgram ported byregionalpathologistsandentom paigns, a

n r, CarlosRam the CooperativeForestPestDetectionSurvey Funding forthisprojectisbeingprovidedby 3 tterns andassistwithaerialsurveyaccuracy

erly-dense, unm veloped asystem

one areaswithinEastTexasandreducetheir rrently beingpopulatedwithhistoricfederal ares forfirstthinningsofhighhazardpine couraging privateforestlandownerstotake sease detectionsinCalifornia.Thedatabase y, basedonthespatialdistributionand W forest m . Thinninghasbeencom useoffederalcostshares.Som ithin 25countieswithgridblocksrated e targetofpreventionprogram oderate- orhigh-hazardpinestandsin , isthem ) OutbreaksinTexas:A i a rez andLisaFischer nagem , 3:Dept.PlantPathol anaged standsofloblollypine forhazardratinglargeareas o st destructivepestofpines e nt, andfederalcost-share p leted on18,000 s inEast o logists e 380 210 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). m increases andresourcesperindividualdecr usage istheresultofspilloverfrom to ourexpectations,theyalsobringlight the epidem area andthathabitatusevariesfrom defoliated inasignificantlyhigherorlower Prelim establish aprogressionforhabitatpreference cycle, and(2)toevaluatethehabitatusefor of on forestinventoryinform survey dataofnorth-westernQuebecforthe very littleresearchhasbeendonetocharacteriseth specifically, thekindsoffoodsitconsum Central tothestudyofanim Université duQuébecenOutaouais(UQO) Institut Québecoisd’Am Université duQuébecàMontréal(UQAM) Charbonneau D.,Lorenzetti,F.,Doyon,Mauffette,Y. Quebec Habitat usageoftheforesttentcaterpillar(L gut bacteriam giardinii, substrates. TwooftheAlaskansoilisolates,a nanogram m collection ofAlaskansoilbacterialstrains. induced byBtk.Thesetreatm kurstaki m Am understood. Thegypsym However, them Many insectsrelyonm ovem i o habitatsuitabilityf croflora, andeachlikewisecausedsynergism th larvaetothem erican deciduousforests.W inary resultssuggestthathabitatusageis e (Btk).W nt throughdifferenthabitatsatphasesof anepidem quantities.MortalitytoBtkwascons increased them ic toam a y af i croflora ofm f e ect susceptibilitytoBtkarediscussed. o adm Comment citer cedocument: re diverseselectionofst o i o r thef crobial com énagem st widelyusedm i o nistered threetreatm ation, thegoalsof o rtality toBtkinadose-dependentfashion.Them th isoneofthem al ecologyisthe o e o e nts include:thean rest tentcaterp st insectgut ent delaForêtFeuillue(IQAFF)

assessedthero m astrongpreferenceforaspendom “ideal”ha unities within es andth a newquestion,whethertheprogressionofhabitat i environm crobial pesticide, 1998-2003 epidem each stepoftheepidem ands inlaterstages.Thoughtheresultsconform this studyare(1)togainabetterunderstanding proportion thanwasavailablewithinthestudy Eachofthesetreatm o epidoptera: Lasiocam ease ortheresultofaspatialdynam illar, regardlessof e st le ofgutm

bitats asthedensityofinsectpopulation usage ananim nts istently higheronaspenthanotherdietary notrandom of Btk.Zwitterm in relationtothestageof tibiotic zwitterm im e habitatsofforestinsects.Basedonaerial e varietiesofhabitatsitoccupiesandyet, in thediet,andthenm their gutsf Chryseobacterium sp. portant invasivespeciesaffectingNorth ents, andtheirfunctioning,arepoorly i crobiota insusceptibilityofgypsy ascertaintypesofhabitatwere o al m ic offoresttentcaterpillarand Bacillus thuringiensis r adiversearrayof thephaseof icin Acausedsynergism icin A,aspenleaves,anda a ic. pidae) inNorth-W kes ofit’senvironm e ic therebyattem nts alteredthem inated standsearlyin anda easured m a theepidem nners inwhich theepidem Rhizobium f unctions. p o ting to subsp. rtality e i i stern c of dgut ent: 211 in ic. ic

sm dependence atlowpopulationdensitywasalso f dependence incrawlerdispersaloffhem proportionately higheratverylowadelgid captured ongroundlevelstickytrapsrelativeto that relation toadelgiddensityandtreehealth.Initia alternate hostisunavailableintheregion.W density and/orreducedhostqualitydonotcontribute torangeexpansionbecauseanobligate deeply im lim Dispersal ofhem 3 2 1 1 population density Inverse density-dependenceinhem pathogen attack. produce largergallswithhighertannincontent,resultingindecreasedparasitism These resultssuggestthatinductionofJAm the hardenedgalltissuesurroundinglarvalcham contents revealedthatJAdecreasedparas m infection. Additionally,JAapplicationresulted of JAincreasedtannincontentinleavesa synthetic jasm artif chestnut productionandeffortstorestoreAm flowering andnorm insect thatform wasp, W W the AsianChestnutGallW The EffectsofJasm hem adelgid attack.Morecrawlers leavingwhen r =0.49),m Scott D.Costa, Environm Forestry, MichiganStateUniversity,EastLansing,MI Plant andSoilScience,UniversityofVerm o . e all plots.Crawlercapture wassignif RodneyCooperandLynneK.Rieske-Kinney isture content;however,therewerenodifferen ited toeggsandcrawlers;m investigatedtheroleofjasm icially activatedjasm l ock’s defensivechem Dryocosmus kuriphilus bedded inthehem ental BiologyProgram easured asnewshootestablishm onic acid(JA)todevelopinggalls 2 s gallsonthestem Tom l ock woollyadelgid( onate DependentDefenseson a Comment citer cedocument: l shootdevelopm Baribault, onate dependentde a istry. Anunderstanding sp, l ock host.W (Hym Dryocosmus kuriphilus o

3 re m , W Phil LaBranche onate dependentdefensesagainsttheAsianchestnutgall l ock woollyadelgid( enoptera: Cynipidae). e s andleavesofchestnut( ent, andcau a stfi i ture individualsaresessileandhavetheirm Adelges tsugae cantly (P itism eld StateCollege,W i l nged adultsthatdevelopwithincreasingadelgid ock ont, Burlington,VT nd gallsandreducedtheincidenceofpathogen a e y bebeneficialtothegallwaspbyenablingit st ent. fenses bysuccessivelyapplyingasolutionof andm trees arestillhealthycould bearesponseto eri udied crawlerdispersalfrom densities, whichindicatesinversedensity- when populationsarelow.Inversedensity- l resultsindicatethatthenum ≤ and foliageofChinesechestnut.Activation Hem in theform sing treem ound inthepercentageoftreesinfested 0.05) correlatedwithtree health(Pearson’s can chestnuttoAppalachianforests.W ces ingalldryweights.Analysisof onbranches1-2m of increasedadelgiddispersal atlower o ber wasthickeringallstreatedwithJA. rtality byunknowncauses.Inaddition, ) inEasternUnitedStatesisprobably l ock healthquicklydeteriorates under Adelges tsugae D. kuriphilus o ation oflargergallswithhigher e rtality. Thegallwaspthreatens stfield, MA Castanea ) dispersalatlow e isanexoticinvasive ters abovethetrapis spp.), preventing hem ber of l ock treesin outhparts crawlers and 212 e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). ¹Univ. ofArizona, Procedure (MRPP)intheanalysis.Allthreecohortswereutilizedby a norm exit holedensity,wasaveragedacrossallsixteentreat paced onafiftym in.). Boltswereplacedontheground treatm recognized asanappropriatetoolforreducingattacksby (Sartwell, 1970;Livingston,1979;Parker,1993).For Pine engraverpopulationsareattractedtoandge 1 ponderosa pineintheSouthwest Effects ofseasoncutandoverstorydensityon predators andinsect-killingfungi. population levelscouldinfluencestrategiesfo the consistencyofresultsunderdifferentweather conditions. the tailendofpeakspringflightperiod.Th Low exitholedensityintheApr the OctoberandJanuarycutfrom = 0.16).W in MRPP teststatistic=-12.1,P5.25E-08,Oct Season ofcut,however,didhaveastatistically slash createdinthreestanddensities,averaging20f January, April,andJuly2005[Julyexitholesyetto treatm 1979). W prom forest stands.Am Chris Hayes, 2 ). Standdensityhadnoinfluenceonexitholede ote rapiddryinghasbeenrecom e e nts. Loggingslashwascreatedduringfour nts includedsixteensizes,fourlengths(6, a l distributionandlackedhom e tested i nter conditionsincludedgreaterthanav 1 Tom e ong slashm Ips 2 ter grid.Toanalyzetheeffect USDA ForestService,Reg.3HealthProtection, DeGom Comment citer cedocument: spp. utilizationandbroodproductioninslashdistributedlopscatter ez, 2 a

Joel McMillin, il cutm nagem sustainingsu m e ogeneity of e adjacent toslashpilesthatservedasattractant.Pileswere a nt technique nded toredu y havebeendueto r im 2 = 2.14,Jan.1.49,andApril0.86exitholes/69.7 is studybeingrepeatedin2005-2006todeterm John Anhold significant effectonexitholedensity(Standardized Ips s ofseasonandstanddensity,ourresponsevariable, 12, 18,and24in.)offourdiam nerated inslashcreatedduringthinningoperations fficient desiccationtoprecludebroodproduction. plem differentseasonsoftheyear(October2004,and nsity (StandardizedMRPPteststatistic=-0.94,P t spp. utilizationofloggingslashin erage snowfall.Thisexcessm variance, weusedMulti-responsePerm 2 s, scatteringloggingdebrisinopenareasto m becounted]).Eachofthesecohortsincluded /ac, 60ft ce theriskofengraveroutbreaks(Livingston, entation ofbiologicalcontrolbasedon this reason,slashm e nts perpile.Becauseourdatadidnotfollow Ips Ips spp.ontheresidualtreesafterthinning 2 /ac, and120ft spp. phenology,withtheboltscutat Ips andhadbroodproduction. a nagem 2 /ac of eters (4,6,8,and10 e o nt haslongbeen basalarea.Bolt isture prevented 213 utation ine

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). 2 com ¹Univ. ofArizona, Edm is ontoidentifycom m exotic pestof The em Canada Deepa Pureswaran understanding ecologytoidentifypotentialfieldattractants Host andm desired results. construction suggeststhatincreasedapplicati reduction inbrood(exitholesservingasa host volatilesortheinteractionoftwof 0.086). Therewerenostatisticallysignificant gallery density(n=10,F5.30,P0.025),but reduction ofnuptialcham density ofnuptialcham selected onefootlongboltswererem 3.5 kg m operations (Sartwell,1970;Livingston,1979; Pine engraverpopulationsareattractedtoa 1 Forestry, 3 1 Arizona Use ofverbenoneandnon-hostvolatilestoreduceengraverbeetleattackonponderosapinein gram with aconventionalslashpileassam Ips deppeanna, pherom on theresidualtreesafterthinningforeststands. pine slash.Verbenone,intheform USDAForestService,NorthCentralRe Natural ResourcesCanada,CanadianForest Departm Chris Hayes, a a nagem ture treesandem spp. andsubsequentbroodproduction.Arandom p i s and100gram nster aring volatileprof A. concolor ones (verbenone)andnon-hostvolatilestopreventing erald ashborer, e 4 e Rocky Mtn.Res.Stn. nt ofEntom nt haslongbeenrecognizedasan a and te locationintheem 1 Tom Fraxinus Abies concolor 1 2 . Pileswereleftinthefieldfor8weeks,atwhichtim , TheresePoland USDA ForestService,Reg.3HealthProtection, DeGom Comment citer cedocument: erging larvaef s, andthreeleve o pounds inas logy, MichiganStat iles of bers, egggalleries,andexitholes.Verbenonecausedasignificant spp.intheMidwestandOntari Agrilus planipennis ber density(n=10,F5.10,P0.028)andthesquarerootofegg ez, healthyand 2 needlesweretestedfortheirefficacyinrepellingattacksby

Joel McMillin, erald ashborer, eed onthephl of 2 , GaryGrant h treesthatareattractive to ls ofnon-hostvolatiles,none,3.5kg Hericon flakes,andnon-hostvolatilesfrom p oved search Station,EastLansing,MI48823,USA ling unit, e University,EastLansing,MI48824,USA stressed black,green,Mandchurian, white,blue Service,SaultSte.Marie,ONP6A2E5, appropriatetoolforreducingattacksby Fairm actors. Althoughwedi nd generatedinslashcreatedduringthinning and dissected.Responsevariablesincluded on ratesofHericonflakescouldproducethe effects onanyresponsevariablesduetonon- 2 notonexitholedensity(n=10,F=3.06,P John Anhold, Agrilus planipennis W 3 surrogate), disruptionofnuptialcham oem , LindaBuchan Parker,1993).Forthisreason,slash withtwolevelsofverbenonetreatm e a investigatedtheuseofanti-aggregation i ire (Coleoptera:Buprestidae)isanew andeventuallykillthetree. Thesearch zed fixedeffectsblockdesignwasused o. Adultsovipositonthebarkof 3 Ips Michael W 3 and Jim attacksoffreshponderosa Fairm A. planipennis d notfindasignificant Miller a a 3 gner, and J. deppeanna ire –Towards NAU Schoolof e tworandom 1

Juniperus . W 4 Ips Carl ent, 0 e spp. and are 214 ber ly Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). The blacktwigborer( Gillette andSylviaMori(USDAForestService,PSW 26505), TylerJones(HawaiiAgriculturalRes (USDA ForestService,HealthT Nick Dudley(HawaiiAgriculturalRes SCOLYTINAE) XYLOSANDRUS COMPACTUS SEMIOCHEMICALS PROVIDEADETERRENTTOTHEBLACKTW 2006. Resultsm m adsorbent Super-Q.Antennallyactivecom m and fem and Europeanashseedlingstoidentifycom intervals andweresuspended1.5m verbenone, andethanollim each replicatedsixtim Oahu, withhighBTBpopulationsandconsider forest restorationstand,inMaunawiliValle into thehostandinoculatesga forestry, andnativeHawaiianplants.TheBTB W repellants tohelpm host speciesinterm approach focusedonreforestationofkoaplan contains severalHawaiianplantspecieslistedasthreatenedandendangered.Our known tocausecankers,rootrot,andwilt.Th utilize ahigherreleasesystem signif Verbenone significantly reducedtrapcatch com generalized linearm weeks, withcollectionsm lim W ( am This system m Xyleborinus saxeseni a a eans of e e les andfem ss spectrom brosia beetle( onene aseffectiverepellents.Th challengedtheattractionofethanol hadearlierdem p arisons werebasedonthem i cantly reducedtrapcatch f a trappingBTB,soweusedthattr le A. planipennis alsoeffectivelytrappedtwonontargetscolytidpestspecies,theAsian e a a try andsubjectedtolaboratory les atdifferentstagesofth y yieldpotentialattractantsforuseintrapstocontrolthisdevastatingpest. onitor, control,orpreventBTBdam onstrated thatethanol-baite Xylosandrus crassiusculus Comment citer cedocument: odels forover-dispersed s ofculturalandeconom ). Xylosandrus compactus es, consistedofethanol-baitedcontroltraps, ethanoland . W a de onaweekly forverbenone. e (COLEOPTERA:CURCULIONIDAE, arealsolookingforapossiblesexpherom

onene. Eighteen a o xim r onlythe lleries withanam abovetheground. e studywaslocatedinasixyearold u m echnology EnterpriseTeam earch Center,Aiea,HI96701),JohnStein likelihoodratio. pounds ap/bait com

trappingsystem pounds y onthewindwardsideofisland earch Center,Aiea,HI96701),andNancy tations, oneofthem Asian am Poisson-distributedresponses.Multiple basis. Trapcountswereanalyzedwith of allthreebeetlespecies. Lim e hostlistforthisbeetleisextensiveand d Japanesebeetletrapswereaneffective Positiveresultswillbe applied toother able BTB-causedm ) (BTB)isaserious eir adultlifeinindividualvialscontaining ) andthefruit-treepinholeborer ic values,toevaluateattractantsand is atypicalam bioassays andfieldtestsinthesum trapswereplacedinagridat15m willbeidentifiedbygaschrom thatelicitantennalresponsesfrom Station,Berkeley,CA94701) brosia fungus(

brosia beetle.Futurework will b a ge. ination asthepositivecontrol. Traps werem usingbothverbenoneand brosia beetlethatbores o o st im , Morgantown,W rtality. Treatm pest ofagriculture, Fusarium solani onitored forfour portant ofthese IG BORER, Acacia koa one byaerating onene e a nts, tography- V ) m

e r of 215 a le Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). verbenone-releasing lam ponderosa m events, particularlyinthe wildlandurbaninterf reduction program high firehazardsoverlargeareasofthewest Selective logging,firesuppression,forestsucce Seybold. Fettig, C.J.,J.D.McMillin,J.A.Anhold,S.Ham activity ofconifer-infestingbarkbeetlesinponderosa pinestands. The effectsofhazardousfuelreductiontreatm treatm determ characters andpre-post-treatm of theseason,a100%cruisetreatedand plots. Beetleswerecollectedfrom near twoofthefourcorners m selected from protected from m 50-acre treatedplotsandfive50-acr Verbenone Micro-Flakes®)usingfixed-wingaircra Verbenone isaneffectiverepellent/inhibitorform (USDA FSRegion5,Redding,CA)andLeePedersonFS,1,ID) College ofNaturalResources,UniversityCa Protection, Redding,California),DavidL.W (Total Forestry,Anderson,California),Donald California), JohnStein(USDAForestService, Station, Berkeley,California),SylviaMori(U University of Nadir Erbilgin(DivisionofOrganism Mountain PineBeetle Efficacy ofAerialApplicationVerbenone of Hawaii. tree species,withparticularem ountain pinebeetleactivity.Paneltrapsbaite ountain pinebeetle, echanical fuelreduction treatm e ining thenum nts wasalsocom Douglex.Laws.,forests locatedinAr Calif areasofpredom UVlights.Fiveuntr s haveincreasedaccordingly toreducetherisk,extentandseverityofthese ornia, Berkeley,Calif Comment citer cedocument: ber ofdeadtreesinbothspra Dendroctonusponderosae p i ared. nated flakes(4X4m inantly ponderosa phasis onrest

each plottom e nts ontheactivityofbark beetlesinponderosapine, trapsattw eated plotsservedascontrolsinbothstates,andallwere e controlplotsineachofCaliforniaandIdahostatesagainst e s andEnvironm nt beetlein ornia), NancyGillette(USDAForestService,PSW FlakesforTreeProtectionfrom ood oration ofendangeredspeciesinthestate o 14-dayintervalsfollowingapplication.Attheend SDA ForestService,PSW e Morgantown,W nts inthewildlandurbaninterfaceon lifornia, Berkeley,California),DaveSchultz Owen (CaliforniaDept.ofForestryandFire onitor beetleflightwithinthetreatedandcontrol ace. Inthisstudy,weexam ern USA.Federalandstatehazardousfuel ud, R.R.Borys,C.P.DabneyandS.J. . Verbenoneisstoredinthem m ssion, andclim control plotswasconductedtom (Division ofOrganism d withm and/or lodgepolepineswithsignificantlevelof festation levels.Efficacywasdeterm yed andunsprayedsites.Beetlecatchbetween 2 izona andCalifornia,USA. Treatm ft at150g/ActiveIngredient/acre,withfive and 2m ent, CollegeofNaturalResources, a ny ountain pinebeetlelureswereplaced Dendroctonus m e inthickness)(HerconDisrupt atic changeshaveresultedin st Virginia),JeffW s andEnvironm Station,Berkeley, species.W ined theeffectof Attackby i ddle oftheflakes, e easure stand bster ent, e Pinus applied ined by e 216 nts

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). com individual ponderosapine from dem alone. In2005,werefinedreleaserates,redu reducing trapcatchestolevelssignificantlybelo However, NAVsignificantlyaugm leaf lecontei (CA), redturpentinebeetle, beetle, including theroundheadedpinebeetle, residual treesdidnotsignificantlyaffectattackrates.Severalbarkbeetlespecieswerepresent beetle flightperiodsasm colonization wereassociatedwithspringtr was observedinchippedversuslop-and-scatte all biom by barkbeetlesrangedfrom within eachplot;and(4)anuntreatedcontrol. of residualtrees;(3)thinnedbiom thinned biom included: (1)thinnedbiom were appliedinbothlatespring(April-May)andsum alcohol, benzaldehyde, observed between4and50m m the responseofwesternpinebeetle, In 2004,nonhostangiosperm S.L. Sm Fettig, C.J,S.R.McKelvey,C.P.Dabney,W pherom Nonhost angiosperm explain thebarkbeetleresponseobservedinchippingtreatm lop-and-piled slashduringeachof15sam quantities of-pinene,3-carene,andm piles declinedsharplyovertim were observedonstandingtrees.Inalaborator in spring.Engraverbeetlesproducedsubstan higher percentageofresidualtreeswereattackedby chipped perplotandthepercentageofresidualtreeswith infesting residualtrees.Asignificantcorrelationwasfoundbetweenthenum engraver, u ltiple funneltraps.Verbenonesignificantly volatiles[ pounds com onstrated thesuccessful use ofnonhostangi D one baitedtrapsandtrees ith. . ass chipped).Athree-foldincreaseinth Swaine (AZ),Californiafivespinedips, . I brevicomis . ass chipped,random pini b ( ined (NAV)didnotaffect E (Say) (AZ). )-2-hexenal, ( Comment citer cedocument: volatilesandverbenonefordisruptingwesternpinebeetleattractionto LeConte(AZandCA),m trans easured byfunneltrap ass chippedandrandom 2.0%(untreatedcont -conophthorin, guaiacol,nonanal,salicylaldehyde), threegreen g volatilesandverbenone D e, butwererelativelyconstantinlop-and-piledtreatm /24 hrreleaserates. westernpinebeetle .

valens Dendroctonus valens ly dispersedwith E ass lop-and-s )-2-hexen-1-ol, and( ented theeff Dendroctonus brevicomis Dendroctonus LeConte (AZandCA),Arizonafivespinedips, p le pe . D P. Shepherd,D.P.W eatm ced thenum . reducedattraction,however,nodifferencewas y The m tial broodsinloggingdebris,butfewattacks cattered (thinnedtreescutinto1-2m brevicomis captures. Rakingchipsawayfrom osperm rcene elutingfrom y study,m e percentageoftreesattackedbybarkbeetles riods. Theselaboratoryresultsm ountain pinebeetle, e red plots.Higherlevelsofbarkbeetle Com w thatofeitherreleaserateverbenone rol) to30.2%(plotsthinnedinspringwith nts, whichcorrespondedwithpeakadult attackintwoseparatestudies. Ourresults in eachplot,andraked2m ect ofbothreleaseratesverbenone, ly dispersedwithineach0.4haplot;(2) I D .

ean percentageofresidualtreesattacked paraconfusus adjunctus . wasthem volatilesandverbenone forprotecting were testedfortheirabilitytodisrupt brevicomis b inations of ber ofcom responsetoattractant-baitedtraps. onoterpene elutionratesfrom D Z e )-2-hexen-1-ol], andthenine . nts. valens m LeConte,toattractant-baited Blandford (AZ),westernpine . e Huber,D.R.Cluck,and chipsexceededthosefrom r (August-Septem inplotsthatwerechipped o sixbarkvolatiles(benzyl ponents inourblend,and attacks.Asignif st com D Lanier (CA),andpine . ponderosae m on barkbeetle from ber oftrees thebaseof a y, inpart, ents. The thebase ber) and lengths) Hopkins i cantly chip 217 Ips

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). 2 1 John L.Foltz Redbay W releases toavoidthepotentialnegativeim occur underm avoidance behaviorsweresuchthatsignificant com in responsetochem heterospecific com degree ofspatialseparation,relativetoassay heterospecific com dispersal m suggested thatconspecificsexertnegativein even behavioralpatternwasseenforthese S. tsugae conditions, did notappeartobecoordinatedanypa exhibited continuousactivitypatternspunctuated the predom conditions. Digitalvideorecordingswerecaptu paired-predator assaysweretestedinth patterns areaffectedbyadditionalconspecifi developing successfulsem suggest thattheadditionofnonhostangiosperm m here andinseveralsurrounding counties.Initial redbay wiltpathogen Jacksonville, FloridainMay2005.Subsequentinve Unusual m Harmonia axyridis specialist predators, Video studieswerecom Departm Robbie W adelgid, Tem Florida Departm University ofFlorida,DeptEntom o rtality ratesinthelarger diam p poral andspatialactivitypatternsam atible, asparticulartem Adelges tsugae e or nt ofEntom . ilt andRedbayAm Flowers,ScottM.Salom o L. nigrinus inant behaviorexhibitedandrela rtality of ovem 1 H. axyridis , AlbertE.MayfieldIII o re naturalconditions.Managem e nt ofAgricultureandC e b , ofhem b nts anddecreasedres inations, suggestingthata Comment citer cedocument: inations didnotsignificantly Laricobius nigrinus ical ortactilecues.Overa o redbay, Ophiostoma hadgreateractivityandam logy, VirginiaTech (Hem p , whichwereskewedtowardsresting.Duringthesum leted todocum i ochem l ock woollyadelgid, brosia BeetleDiscoveredinNortheastFlorida iptera: Adelgidae) poral andspa Persea borbonia

eter classes.Ot i cal-based m sp.andtheredbayam andLokeT.Kok 2 o , JeffreyM.Eickwort logy &Nem and ent tem ong threeexoticpredatorsofhem onsum pacts ofintraspecificcom e laboratoryundersim tial patternswerenothighlycoordinated,and ting, feedingandoviposition.Incontrast, Sasajiscymnus tsugae a voidance behaviorsm fluence ononeanother,leadingtoincreased ll, thesestudiessuggestthatspeciesare nagem her am e tive locationofeachpredator.Allspecies rticular tim

red every15m c andheterospecificpredators.Single- poral andspatialactivitypatternsam er Services,DivisionofForestry latter twospecies.Paired-predatorassays size, wasm interspecific interferencem volatiles toverbenonecouldbeim data from nt , wasdiscoveredonFortGeorgeIsland, Adelges tsugae affectpredatorbehaviorpatterns.Ahigh by longerperiodsofrest.Predatoractivity im a o stigations docum tology re even e plications includeapplyinglow-density brosia beetlesthusf nt techniquesfor treem brosia beetle, 2 e ofdayorlocation.Inspring , andJohnLeavengood behavior distributionthanthatof a intained inallconspecificand i n over24hrandscoredasto , andtoexam o u rtality plotsindicatehigher , andageneralistpredator, p lated springandsum a etition. ented thepresenceof y occurinthesespecies D Xyleborus glabratus a . l ock woolly r rearedf brevicomis. a y beunlikelyto ine howthese m e 1 portant for

r, am r om ong two

dead m 218 o e re r

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). were inef volum against tipm excellent protectionagainsttipm applied inplantholesorashigherrateroot the nurserybed,afterliftingbutbeforeplanti seedlings from Trials wereinitiatedin2004toevaluatefipronil as asystem Pest Managem Donald M.Grosm Fipronil treatm em this studyconfirm prothorax of Cross sectionsofm Scanning m extract alsoelicitedpositiveflightorienta used asbait.Malewholebodysurfacerinse, response offem duration ofobservationanddid up thewallofwindtunnel,rem flight whichendedinlandingonthem tunnel, thenorientatedtowardsm from a distance.Them (Coleoptera: Ceram Fauziah ABDULLAH, bioassay inwindtunnel The behavioralresponsesoftheJapanesepinesawyerbeetle, Kawaram Lum 3 2 Male sexpherom crassiusculus, Monarthrummali, trees include 1 Kagam Research InstituteofHum Institute ofBiologicalSciences,FacultyScience,UniversityMalaya,50603,Kuala itted from pur, Malaysia adistanceof1m e growthcom i hara-shi, Sohara,Mikakino-cho951-5,504-0904,Gifu,Japan. f achi nishi-iru,Kam ective againsttipm i croscopic studiesshowedthepres theprothoraxgland. M. alternatus o Xyleborus affinis,ferrugineus,Xyleborinussaxeseni,Xylosandrus th f e pinetipm e nt, Lufkin,TX. nts provideextendedprotectionof a one in le wasobservedinthecontro a r a e le attractantphenom equently resultedinsignif n, W d thatthem bycidae) inthefieldcageshow a Comment citer cedocument: p le prothoraxshowedthe ared tountreatedchecks. 1*, , afem Monochamus alternatus illiam † ToshitakaHIDAKA o whereassim a th. Pineseedlingswe nity andNature,335Takashim i o gyo-ku, Kyoto602-0878,Japan W th. a a le beetleim le sexpherom

. Upton&JasonC.Helvey,TexasForestService, Forest and o not flewupwindtowardsfem a th through le sourcebyacom a Euplatypus compositus ined m a ena wasfurtherstudiedinawindtunnel.Uponrelease ilar glandwasnotobser le source.W soaksanddipsbeforeplantingprovidedgoodto m o tion offem i cant im e ti one 2 the secondgrowingseason(2005).Protection m presence ofsexpherom l experim diately walkedupwardsthewallofwind andKatsuhiroTABATA onless atthedownwindendthroughout ence ofporesonthem Hope(Coleoptera:Ceram Fiproniltreatm ng and/oratplanting.Fiproniltreatm re treatedatdif a pineseedlingsfrom which iseffectivefrom ed thatf le wholebodyextractandm h provem ereas am b e ination ofwalking,shortjum a nt wherebyanem les upwindtowardsodorsource. a-cho, Marutam e ic treatm m . e a nts intreeheight,diam le wasattractedtoam ved infem Monochamus alternatus a le beetleim e f a e nts appliedtonurserybeds le beetle.Sim rent ratespriortolif ent forprotectionofpine pinetipm one glandinthem a 3, le prothoraxsurface. bycidae):Behavioral adistanceof1m a 4 achi-dori, le prothorax.Thus pty containerwas m e diately walked a ilar negative o le prothorax th a eter and le f p ting in Hope s and ents r 219 om a is le

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). f ponderosae currently infestedstem predom Five untreatedplotsservedascontrols,a The rateofapplicationwas1kgflakes/ Pinus albicaulis, Flakes®) asasim W Service, Morgantown,W Nadir Erbilgin(UniversityofCalifornia,Be PSW (USDA ForestService,RMRStation,Logan,UT Nancy Gillette(USDAForestService,PSW Verbenone-Releasing FlakesProtectW sum cohort synchronydependsonthestagestructur discontinuity isespeciallylikelyforsouthern transition betweenendem that areform between adultsouthernpinebeetleabundance scale ofaforest.EvidenceforanAlleeeff identifies m probability ofplum on attackingadultsandpeaksatinterm of from reproduction, weshowthatdecreasedpopulationgrow persistence. Usingadiffusionapproxim infestation. Thus,generationsm aggregation, prom em m In m 2 Nick Friedenberg behavior withstagestructureandpredation. Em 1 light withinthetreated and controlplots. Departm Departm a localinf e erge intheabsenceofpherom intenance ofapherom appliedverbenone-releasinglam ergent Alleeef m theinteractionbetweenaggregationbehavior u Station,Berkeley,CA94701),JeffW e ltivoltine barkbeetles,thegrowthof r, whenhightem inantly whitebarkpinewithoutbreakle e e nt ofBiology,Dartm nt ofMathem e ) lureswereplacednear twoofthefour echanism stations. Theprobabilityof ed inthesam locatedontheBridger-TetonandShoshoneNational Forests,W 1 , MattAyres f u oting boththeirownfailure ects inm e continuityincreaseswithincreasingpopulationsize.Thus,ourm lated aerialapplicationtofivereplicate10-acre plotsofwhitebarkpine, Comment citer cedocument: s thatm s/ha). Paneltrapsbaited withm p atics andStatistics,UtahStateUniversity,Logan,UT84322 V eratures m one plum e i 26505) c andepidem year.TheAlleee u ltivoltine barkbeetle a 1 y m outh College,Hanover,NH03755 , Jam

one produced e u a e overthecour diate thestre y delaytheem st overlap e s Powell h plum i nated itebark ediate levelsofcohortsynchrony.Inallcases,the ic states e rkeley, CA94720),andJohnStein(USDAForest Station,Berkeley,CA94701),MattHansen bs acre, representing150gram Beetles werecollectedfrom a localinfestationdependsuponthecontinuous e ect canbeseenintheacceleratingrelationship ffect isalsointegraltoourunderstandingofthe a 2 ter (TotalForestry,Anderson,CA96007), nd allplotswereselectedfrom continuity decreaseswithincreasingpredation forplum ti flakes (HerconDisruptVerbenoneMicro- Pine from e ofover-winteringpopulations,andinm in thespringandnum pine beetleinfestationsinthespring,when on ofsouthernpinebeetlegrowthand 84321),SylviaMori(USDAForestService, toreproduceandthedissolutionof ngth ofanAlleeeffectthatem vels ofm by attackingadultsarelikelytoleavethe inpestspecies.W s: theinteractionof , stagestructure,andpredationatthescale ergence ofteneraladults. se ofseveralgenerations.Offspringthat corners ofeachplotto m th rateatthescaleofaforestcanresult AttackbyMountainPineBeetle e continuityandlocalpopulation ountain pinebeetle( ountain pinebeetleactivity(>2 thresholdaggregation e suggestthatplum s/acre ofverbenone. trapsattwo14-day ber ofinfestations Dendroctonus onitor beetle erges atthe areasof yom odel ing. 220 i d- e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). susceptibility indexsystem the conf The GypsyMothEventMonitorisaprogram Collins, CO Anthony W Kurt W The GypsyMothEventMonitorforFVS:AToolForestandPestManagers at highbeetlepopulationlevels. significant reductioninm even betterprotectioncanbeachievedathigherreleaserates.Thisstudydem verbenone dosage-responserelationshipwithseveral stands vs.ca.5%attackedintreatedstands). Treated standsshoweda50%reductioninbeetle levels. Beetlenum plots wasconductedtom intervals followingapplication.Attheendofth spread sheetprogram in interpretationofstandardFVSoutput.Specifi execution oftheForestVegetationSim The GypsyMothEventMonitorisintendedf stands fortreatm responses inindividualstands.TheGypsyMoth EventMonitorcanbeusedtoprioritize relative differencesinresponsesofstandsto gypsy m m variability norm (see Gottschalk1993).Duetothelim probability ofagypsym gypsy m This isastrategicm growth issom during light,m susceptible andresistant;basalareagrowthisincreasinglyreducedinspecies If anoutbreakisscheduled,gypsym num m odeled. Assuch,theuseriscautionedthat o th. Agypsym ber islessthanorequaltotheestim . Gottschalk,USDAForestService,NorthernResearchStation,Morgantown,W ines of o th. Theusercanproactivelyreduceth . Courter,USDAForestService,Fo e theForestVegetationSim what reducedinresistantspecies. e e a dium nt ortoestim lly seeninresponsetogypsym o th outbreakisscheduledin bers caughtinbaitedtrap Comment citer cedocument: s forfurtheruseranalysis. odel thatdem andheavyoutbreaks,wh o easure standcharactersa th eventbyscheduling ountain pinebeetleda todeterm ate theoverallim

onstrates ine thevulne itations in u lator. Itisrecom ated pr o u th m lator o the potentiallossof that Becausepreviousstudieshavedem r s wassignificantlyreducedbythetreatm rest HealthTechnologyEnterpriseTeam e season,a100%cruiseoftreatedandcontrol e stand’ssusceptibilitytogypsym obability of the FVSm pacts toaforestedlandscape. (FVS). Individualstandsareevaluatedwitha o use bythosef m c EventMonitorvariablescanbeexportedto appropriate m rt ereas duringaheavyoutbreak,basalarea nd pre-andpost-treatm FVS’s growthandm sim a rability ofthestandto best useof ttack rate(10%of ality isleveledagainstspeciesdeem ge usingverbenone-releasingflakes,even Dendroctonus o u th defoliationcannotbeadequately lates theeffectsofgypsym o m th ratherthanpredictingabsolute u e outbreakinthatm lti-year cycleifadrawnrandom nded thattheuserbewellversed thisEventMonitoristoshow a a m nagem iliar withtheproperuseand tim spp.,wehypothesizethat treesattackedincontrol ber andhabitatdueto e o nt actionswithinFVS rtality equations,the e theeffectsofgypsy nt beetleinfestation u lti-year cycle. o onstrated a o th andthe onstrated th within , Ft. V ; 221 ent. ed

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). from severe challengeposedbyattractant-baitedtrees conophthorin significantlyreduced sum traum scanning electronm of resinonthebarksurface,andadditionaltrees trees. However,m containing theattractant.Treatm verbenone andconophthorinhadsignificantlylowerattackdensitiesthananytreatm verbenone andconophthorin.Duringbothyears, Mortality wassignif observed intreesthathadbeenbaitedwiththe jasm significant reductioninattackdensityontrees baited withtheattractantandcom baited withtheattractant.Again,therewasa verbenone andconophthorin.Asin2004,thehighe supplem (12.5 m the interruptantsignificantlyreducedlevel trees. Likewise,m difference inattackdensitybetweentheattractant+interruptant-baitedtreesandunbaited (verbenone andconophthorin)totreesbaitedwiththeattractant.Therewasnosignificant and greatest ontreesbaitedwiththethree-com initiated priorto7Juneandincreasedinnum density andm chem enhanced byaplanthorm standing treesfrom determ Alaska inastandofLutzspruce, horm sem In 2004and2005,fieldbioassaysofve Seybold Andrew D.Graves,EdwardH.Holsten,MarkE.Ascerno,DezeneP.W using sem Protection ofLutzspruceinAlaskafrom i m cis onate wassprayedorinjected.Thehighe ochem barkbeetleattack. onal stim icals wereplacedonstudytreesinearly a a tic resinducts,indicativeofincreased ine whethera)behavioralchem ry, treatm -verbenol). Attackdensitywassignificantly o ented bym s. posttreatm i ochem i cals ofthenorthernspruceengraver, o ulant ofm rtality causedby i e cals andm nt withasim o e barkbeetleattackandb)th thyl jasm rtality washighestintheattractant-baitedtrees,whereasadditionof e Comment citer cedocument: i thyl jasm i croscopy. Newlyform cantly lowerinallother e nt) m onoterpene synthesisin one thatinduceshost e onate-treated trees thyl jasm onate sprayorinjectionwithandwithoutthecom o

rtality. In2005, I. perturbatus p Picea e le, two-com nt withm I. perturbatus b onate inati x attackby icals c lutzii on ofverbenoneandc pone e ber through15June.In2004,attackdensitywas ed t wererecorded.Attacksby hyl jasm pone significant reductioninattackdensityontrees . Theprim of initial(3.5m (sprayedorinjected)exudedcopiousam attractant andinjectedwithm ould beusedastoolstoprotectindividual e effectofthebehavioralchem m xylem tree defenses.Duringbothyearsbehavioral weretreated,cut,andanalyzedbylight treatm nt attractivepherom June andrem st m conifers,wereconductedinsouth-central andcanprovideafullyearofprotection rbenone andconophthorin,interruptive baitedwiththeattractantwhenm treatm Ips perturbatus Ips perturbatus regardless oftreatm nt interruptantsystem onoterpene synthesisandsecretion.In reducedbyadditionoftheinterruptant attack densityandm st attackdensitywasobservedontrees tissuecontainedacontinuousringof o onate didnotreduceattackdensityon e rtality (3m nts, particularlythosethatincluded e ary objectivesofthisprojectwereto nts from o oved inm s. posttreatm (Coleoptera:Scolytidae) onophthorin. Therewasno , andm 2004wererepeatedand o s. posttreatm one (ipsenol,ipsdienol, . Huber,andStevenJ. e nt, treestreatedwith ofverbenoneand i I. perturbatus e d-August. Attack o thyl jasm rtality underthe e e thyl jasm nt) andoverall icals couldbe b ination of e onate, a nt) was onate. ounts e were thyl 222 ent

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). input data, rigorously vetteddatalayersand environm environm m (FHTET) inFortCollins,Colorado.RegionalGI National Maponacentralserverlocatedatth Following thesefivestepsm Oversight team in thenext15years.Thispotentiallydynam 5. year period. 4. overlay(s). 3. represents riskof agent. Insom establishm 2. 1. highly iterativeprocessutilizinginputfrom in decisionm which dynam Service regionsand49states,providesaconsis regional variationsinf in thedevelopm USDA ForestService,StateandPrivateForestry The constructionofthe2005–06NationalIns 2150 CentreAve.,Bldg.A.,Suite331,FortCollins,CO,USA80526-1891 Frank J.KristJr.,USDAForestService,ForestHealthTechnologyEnterpriseTeam Risk Maps A Multi-CriteriaFram resource m which placesdynam engaged inriskassessm that hasbeendevelopedtoallowseam as anexam easily constructedatboththelocal,regional,a This paperwillbrief m Identifyregionsatriskofencounteringa25% Convertm Standardizeriskagentcriteriavaluesand Identify,rank,andweightcriteriathatdeterm Identifyalistofriskagentsandtargethostspecies. odels ontheFHTETserverandreferencestandard odels. ent. Separatingdatalayersfrom ent that; ent) andvulnerability(riskof a ple. Modelvalidationandupdatingar nagers. 2) i odeled valuesforeachriskagent a c spatialandtem allowsforcontinuousim king. Thenationalfram e forthenationalriskm casessusceptibilitytoape ent ofacom treem 1) Comment citer cedocument: l i y discussestheriskm encouragesseparatecritiqueand c riskm ework forProducingLocal, o o ents. Lastly,anintern rtality. Thisistruef rest healthconcerns.Thisf a odels areindividuallyrunanddynam poral riskassessm m p productsdirectlyin

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cultures continuousqualityim a p product. ework consis less tran m provem the a subjectareaexperts: p o o i f rtality et basedgeospatialportalwillbedem r pestssuchasem c thresholdwassetbytheNationalRiskMap r m com nd nationallevelsusingSouthernPineBeetle am st approxim e ForestHealthTechnologyEnterpriseTeam sfer ofGIStechnologytoresourcem m ine thesusceptibility(riskofintroductionand to predictedBasalArea(BA)lossovera15 Area,ForestHealthProtectionUnit,resulted odels thataredependantonthem e discussedalongwithanewArcGIStoolset tent, repeatable,transparentprocessthrough en ect andDiseaseRiskm e S specialistsuploadandorbuildindividual or greaterlossoftotalbasalareavolum u Regional, andNationalInsectDisease ework dem nt b lti-criteria approachthatcanaccountfor ts canbeconductedat ine theresultantm ts ofafivestepprocesswhichcanbe if thehandsofstate,private,andfederal of thefinalm r anagentisestablished)toeachrisk datalayersalsolocatedintheserver am understanding ofriskm ework, utilizedbyallnineForest a tes vulnerabilityandtheref onstrating howriskm erald ashborerandoakwilt. a provem i p bysubstitutingm cally assem a ps usingaweighted a various levelstoaid p, com e nt ofindividual p b foragesan

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Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). will beusedtoderiveastatisticalestim within thef while sem m resolution digitalaerialphotographsacquired develop asem the vastareasthatareaffected.Severalunits better respondtotheoccurrenceofthism of aerialsurveyeffortstocoverallareas large extentofthiscovertype,com com National Forest(northcentralW lasiocarpa) Mountain Region Enterprise Team 1 Randy Ham A RapidandCost-effectiveMethodtoAssessSpruce/FirMortalityacrossLargeAreas the databasetoawebsitethatwillaccom the dataelectronicallyintooracletables. to collectSPBinf data iscollectedandenteredf is arelationaldatabaseinOracle.IthousedonserverattheKisatchieNationalForestand infestations. Theam changed. Thedatabasecontainsdatafor database hasbeenexpandedandrevisedsevera The originalform USDA ForestService,HealthProtecti m The SouthernPineBeetleInform Robert Coulson,MariaTchakerian,SaulPetty, Forrest Oliveria,ValliPeacher,Jam Southern PineBeetleInform (Dendroctonus rufipennis) Outbreaks ofwesternbalsam Region Rem easurem onitoring databasein1977byTerryRogers,Ge m o on m te SensingApplicationsCenter, ent unit(IMU)onboardtheaircraftperm i e andEngelm -autom light lines.Thispr ilton thod usedtodetectinsectinfestationsinthespruce/fircovertype.However, i -autom (FHTET) 1 , KevinMegown 4 e at forthedatawas80colum USDA ForestService,HealthManagem ated im station datausingaTrim Comment citer cedocument: ount ofdatacollectedfor ated andcost-effectivem ann spruce 3 age processingtechniquesallowrapidassessm haverecentlycausedextensivem USDA ForestService,HealthManagem ation System r ocess willbeincorporatedintoam om barkbeetles

83districts ation System 1 , Jam yom e (Picea engelmannii) b s Meeker,Jam ined w 2 ate of USDA ForestService,HealthTechnology ing, USA) e m s Ellenwood SincetheBeginning o odate bothSPBISandStateSPBdata. rtalit ith increasingm ble GeoXTpersonaldatarecorderanddownload m m within theUSDAForestServicecollaboratedto in Region8.Som Software iscurrentlybeingdevelopedtom o interest. Inorderform on, AlexandriaFieldOffi

each spothasalsoincreased.SPBIScurrently o Daniel Twardus,GerryHertel,TerryRogers over theBighornNationalForest.Aninertial re than100,000southernpinebeetle(SPB) e (SPBIS) beganasasouthernpineinfestation y, newtoolsareneededwithwhichtoassess rtality f (Dryocoetes confuses) thod toassessm l tim itted rapidorthorectificationoftheim . Aerialsurveysarecurrentlythem e n s Sm punchcard.Overthepast29years rald HertelandDanielTwardusatthe 2 , KurtAllen es asthecom o respectivelythroughouttheBighorn r largegeographicareas. ith, JudyAdam o rtality, hasexceededtheability o rtality insubalpinefir e e Districtshavethecapability o u nt, RockyMountain 3 rtality from ltistage sam , andTom puter andsoftwarehas a nagem andsprucebeetles s, AnthonyCourter, ce inPineville,LA. e nt, Rocky ent of Eager e stripsofhigh- p nt agenciesto le designthat m 4

o (Abies rtality agery 224 ove o st

1 Annem of SoutheastMichigan Ecological im Departm o illions of pact andtotalstandbasalarea,de rtality, andpercentofinfested erald ashborer( m unity com m a rie Sm unity structureaffectsforestsuscep e nt ofEntom ) orgreenash( ashtrees( pacts of ith position. Overstoryandunderstorywoodyvegetationwasquantifiedinthree inate ashfrom 2 1 USDA ForestService,NortheasternResearchStation , DanielA.Herm studiesoftheecologicalim Agrilus planipennis Comment citer cedocument: o rtality onforestcom em o ountain pi logy, OhioAgriculturalResearchandDevelopm H Fraxinus o erald ashboreronf ITEBARK PINEFORESTS rtality wasdistancef portance value.Th F. pennsylvanica NorthAm

ne beetle.Outbreaksin these ecosystem stem spp.) overthousandsofhectaresinsoutheastMichigan, s tario. Theobjectivesofthisstudyweretodeterm 1 , andRobertLong s wasgreaterforblackash( e ) (EAB),abuprestidbeetleendem stands. erica. m ttacks (r=0.57,P0.003),whichprovidesfurther unity ). AsEABelim o ong eachtransect.Theim e RockyMountainshave experiencedarecent tibility toEABinvasion,and(2)theeffectsof rest com r ere werealsonorelationshipsbetweenEAB for declineandm nsity, anddiversityindices.Theonlyvariable p om variedinashdensity,standstructureand act ofEAB,whichclear Degreeofdeclineindividualtreeswas AIN PINEBEETLEOUTBREAKSIN epicenter, thehigherpercentm com years havekilledthousands ofhatrees. intheUnitedStates.Inwestern theputativeepicenterof ash diebackorm blishm ash tree,whichwasrelatedtodensityof position. Transectswereestablishedin m Acer 2 unities intheHuronRiverW

ent ofthesem (m inates ashfrom aple), o F. nigra rtality. Dieback,percent o Ulmus rtality andashdensity, ent Center,TheOhio ly hashepotentialto s areassociatedwith i onitoring plotswill c toAsia,haskilled pact ofEABwas ) thanf theinvasion(r=- (elm infestedstands, o ) and r white( a o tershed ine (1) rtality, Tilia 225 F.

Bruce D.Ayres 4 3 2 1 Richard W Regional differencesinphoreticm landscape withrespecttotopography. outbreak area,presentlandscapepatterns,a quantifies treem western UnitedStates.W at highelevationswillincreasetheareasuitabl pine forests.Modelresultsdrivenbyclim hum constitute athreattokeystonespeciesthatprovidessignif unusually hightem W phoretic m beetle reproductionandbeetle-fungalrelationshi are com colonizes m USDAForestHealthProtection,Ogden,UT84403 GreatLakesInstituteforPineEcosystem USDAForestService,SouthernRe SchoolofForestry,NorthernAriz ites f i sconsin. Most ans. Herewediscusstwostudiesrelatedtooutbreaksinwhitebark r om m (Say)isoneofthem only associatedwith . ite surveyson beetleexoskeletonswereidentif Hof o st speciesofpineandisoftenasso 3 s , andBryttenE.Steed tetter Ips pini o rtality using2.4-m Comment citer cedocument: p 1 eratures. Increasingproba , ElisabethAldan ite speciesaffect werecollectedusingbaitedtrapswithsynthetic i Ips pini sconsin wereverysim e ofyear).Over200 e alsodescribea Ips pini o

st com inthreeregionsofNorthAm ites associatedwiththebarkbeetle ona University,FlagstaffAZ86011,USA search Station,PinevilleLA71360,USA 4 butweknowverylittleabouthowm

spatial m 1 Ips pini , JohnC.Moser on bark Research,Colfax,W ate ie change projectionssuggestthatfuturewarm d. Mitediversityandrichnessweregreatestin e form nd assesshowm populationsisunclear,buttheirhighrelative rem resolution im m ciated withseveralspeci ilar, withveryfewnum beetlespeciesinNorthAm a Ips pini bility ofoutbreakintheseforestsm ps. W y influencethedynam o te sensingstudyincentralIdahothat ountain pinebeetleoutbreakacrossthe 2 , wereinspectedand20speciesof e presentprelim i cant servicestoecosystem agery. W I erica: Arizona,Montana,and 54730USA o rtality variesacrossthe Ips pini bers ofm e es offungi.Mites willdiscusstotal i Ips pini cs withininfested ites m

inary resultsof erica. a -lures (lure y influence ite species. Ips pini s and 226 ing a y

the easternUnitedStates andisconsideredaseverethreattothesurvival ofthesespecies. caroliniana feeds oneasternhem The hem Egg Releasesof average tem resulted from reach outbreakdensities.Therecentoccurrenceof of suchvariabilitym to treehostsandtheconnectionbetweenm released byattackingbeetles;Variabilityin f trees” m growth ofassociatedfungi.For affect beetlesbyinfluencingbeetlehost resin com induced resinin40treestwolargeplotsre regulate endem specifically, highvariationinresinqualityandquantityam def have onlyoccurredrecently.W supports 9 Arizona containsthelargestcontiguousstandof 4 USDAForestService,RockyMountainRe Isaac Deal Hem o National ParkService,U.S.D.I.,107Headquarters Road,Gatlinburg,TN37738 U.S.D.A. ForestService,HealthProtection, Asheville,NC28804 New JerseyDepartm Departm AnalyticalChem USDAForestService,SouthernRe SchoolofForestry,NorthernAriz rests; Extrem e nses m l ock W a l e ock woollyadelgid, y bedifficultforbeetlestolo position am 1 nt ofEntom . Dendroctonus , Jerom a Hof oolly Adelgid:Tim p Engelm intains lowsurvivalandadaptability

eratures. 4 landscapeleveldeclinesintr , andParisL.Lam e variabilityinhostvolatilesm i s c populationsofm Sasajiscymnus tsugae tetter istry Lab,NorthernAr e F.Grant ann. Thisexoticpesthas devastatedstandsofthesehem Comment citer cedocument: a e 1 y m ong neighboringtrees.Highvariabilityindefensescouldnegatively o nt ofAgriculture,Di , JolieMahfouz logy andPlantPathology, l ock, andover10 a ke itdifficultforbark 1 , DanielPalm Tsuga canadensis Adelges tsugae i ng IsCrucialtoSurvival bdin

instance, chem e ona University,FlagstaffAZ86011,USA u hypothesizeth search Station,PinevilleLA71360,USA 1 ltiple barkb

2 Ips to EnhanceBiologicalControlEffortsAgainstthe , JainaMoan izona University,FlagstaffAZ86011,USA speciesbutextensivetreem cate am er location, pherom vision ofPlantIndustry,Trenton,NJ08628 u resin com 2 search Station,Flagstaff,AZ86001,USA tualis ee defensesduetoextrem , Jam Annand,isaninvasiveinsectfrom

a vealed thepresenceof Pinus ponderosae y reducethecontinuityof ical profilesofstressedtreeor“susceptible Carriere,andCarolinahem eetle species.Analysesofconstitutiveand beetle speciesandtheirm ponderosapineintheworld.Thisforest tic fungiandbeetles.Thus,theoccurrence of ong highlyvariablehostvolatilesam barkbeetleoutbreaksinArizonam e 3 s R.“Rusty”Rhea at extrem barkbeetleswithinthesef , andCarlEdm pounds m ong treesprovidesam one production,egglaying,and e highinter-treevariabilityin a y reduceadaptationoffungi regulatebarkbeetle i nster 3 o extrem , rtality bybarkbeetles e droughtandabove 4

pherom u l tualistic fungito ocks throughout e variabilityin o l rests. More echanism ock, one signals Asiathat a y have Tsuga ong 227 to Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). "Rusty" Rhea Robert M.Jetton,W Appalachian Mountains Québec àMontréal,H3P3P8,Canada,work.tim T6G 2E3,Canada,[email protected] from m Carolina hem Ex-situ recovery andappeartobeextirpatedinthelower retentiontreatm variable. Furtherm higher retentiontreatm and coniferousdom types (deciduousdom retention harvesting(75%,50%,20%,10%and of we useresistance,thechangeincom Ecological stabilitym 2 A suggestedprotocolforreleasesofeggs f im Sasajiscymnus tsugae Joshua M.Jacobs Resistance andresilienceof based uponthesestudies. releases areaviablealternativem results indicatethatAprilistheoptim S. tsugae successful releaseandsurvivalofeggs This paperreportstheresultsofastudydesignedtoinvestigateoptim originated attheNewJerseyDepartm production ofthebeetlestobetterm has beensuggestedasawaytoreducelaborand f 1 o acilities intheeasternUnitedStates.Releasing C.P.8888,SuccursaleCentre-ville,Départem 442EarthSciencesBuilding,Departm oderately sized,isolated populationsinth r helpingrearingf com ported from northeasternGeorgiato southernVirginia. m Gene ConservationofCarolinaHem unity recovery,toassessCarabidcom wasevaluatedforstudiesconductedfrom l Asiaforbiologi ock ( 1 , Tim Tsuga caroliniana . Comment citer cedocument: ore, 5yearsfollowingdisturbancesom inated) intheborealm acilities m AndrewW Sasaji&McClure,anaturalenem easures havebecom inated, deciduousdom o e thy T.W nts showedagreater Carabidcom cal controlofthispest. eet thedem

h ittier, MichaelE.Tighe,W o e rk, thod fortheestablishm eet dem e 2 Engelm nt ofAgriculture. & JohnR.Spence e um m nt ofRe m S. tsugae unity e a unities tovariableretentionharvesting com tim nd f l a i ock, S. tsugae xed w nd. Th inated withconiferousunderstory,m e AppalachianMountains andupperPiedm ent desSciencesBiologiques,Universitédu

.) isaspeciesrepresented byseveralsm m o e of othy@uqam resistance todisturbancetheresiliencewas f m newable Resources,UniversityofAlberta, o r unity stabilityf costs associatedwithrearingandtoincrease Tsuga caroliniana Overthelastseveralyears, therehasbeen S. tsugae llowing disturbance,andresilience,therate on indisturbanceecologyliterature.Here this im 2% residualstructure)in4canopycover underfieldconditions.Survivalofeggs ood forestofNorthernAlberta.Overall, e germ FebruarytoJulyof2005and2006.Our yeartoreleaseeggsof hasbeendevelopedandwillberef S. tsugae y ofthehem 1 portant biologicalcontrolorganism inal ideafortheuseofeggreleases ent of aseggs,ratherthanadultbeetles, . illiam ca e speciesshowednosignsof arecurrentlyrearedinseveral o e S. tsugae llowing 5levelsof nts. S.Dvorak,andJam , intheSouthern l ock woollyadelgid,was um andshowprom tim

S. tsugae e ofyearfor i xed wood variable e s . Egg all to i 228 ned ont ise .

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). States? cycle ofthehem relative densityofeachlifestagethispa Mountains NationalPark:1)whatisthelifehistor the followingquestionsregardingpopulationsof the southernAppalachianareas.In2005,atwo-y are wellunderstoodinthenortheasternUnited States, butspecificinform species onnativeeasternhem releases ofpredatorybeetles)havebeenim distributed. InthePark,m found in2002theGreatSm extensive m Carriere, andCarolinahem Adelgidae), isaninvasiveinsectfr The hem TN 37996-4560 and ParisL.Lam 3 1 Jerom Mountains NationalPark Life CycleoftheHem lost Carolinahem m populations inVirginiaandTennessee2006. cone cropsinnaturalstands,butasecondattem existing geneticbasefor countries andseedlingsarecurrentlyundercultivati Brazil werepotentialplantinglocations.Seed where newpopulationsofaspeciesshouldsurvive, m collected in2003and2005aspartofan from a collaborativeeffortbetweenCam f Conservation approachesareneededtoprotect (HW great concernaboutthedestructionofCaro o National ParkService,U.S.D.I.,107HeadquartersRoad,Gatlinburg,TN37738 Departm o a rest entom terial ofhem re protectedareaswhereHW 10populationsofCarolinahem A e - F.Grant Adelges tsugae e l nt ofEntom ock woollyadelgid, o o rtality ofeasternhem logists attem l 1 ock from , IsaacDeal bdin 2 l l U.S.D.A. ForestService,HealthProtection,Asheville,NC28804 ock standsoncethetechnologytocontrolinsecthasim ock woollyadelgiddiffer,ifany,from Comment citer cedocument: 1 l

o ock W Anand.), apestintroducedfrom logy andPlantPathology,TheUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville, ex situ LatinAm p t tof l a ock, 1 , Jam nagem oolly Adelgid, l ocks. Thebiol conservationpartlyfailedin2004and2005becauseofpoor

i A isnotpresent.Floram nd waysto Tsuga caroliniana l e oky Mountains ock throughoutthenortheasternUnitedStates.Itwasfirst om Adelges tsugae s R.“Rusty”Rhea c e erica couldsom ore, NCSUa nt program Asiathatfeedsoneasternhem l ock in ex situ Adelges tsugae rthenogenetic species? lim lina hem pl ogy andseasonalityofhem dwindlingpopulationsofCarolinahem

Georgia andNorthSouthCarolinawere em it thef s conservationattem hem nd theUSForestService,seedsof67trees ear researchprojectwasinitiatedtoaddress (including applicationsofinsecticidesand has beenshippedtocooperatorsinthese ented toreducetheim y ofthispestinourregion? on inforestnurseries.Planstoenlargethe National Park,whereitisnowwidely Annand(Hem indicatedthatcentralChileandsouthern Under thisworst-casescenario,genetic e Engelm p day bereturnedtotheUSrepopulate l 2 ock woollyadelgidintheGreatSm l t willbem , u ock bytheHem T AsiaintotheUnitedStatesin1926. ture dam o ap®, aclim m R thoseinthenortheasternUnited Annand,intheGreatSm ann. Thisexoticpesthascaused e ma a ge causedbytheHW l , a e and3)howdoesthelife p de tosam y iptera: Sternorrhyncha: t tom atic m 3 l , GregoryJ.W ock, l ock W l ock woollyadelgid pact of ation islackingin ove thespeciesto Tsuga canadensis odel thatpredicts proved. , 2)whatisthe p oolly Adelgid le additional thisexotic oky i ggins l ock as A. In oky 229 1 ,

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). survey productyoureceive? program as anentom But thebottom every day. outbreak, orwhatthesurveym others aresim observers arenewtothechallenge.Som observers whosem Forest healthspecialistsarecautionedtor the inform Sketchm data. Itisnottheintentof understanding am the sam The intentofthisposteristodem “truths”. training andanaccuracyassessm national aerialsurveydatabase.Minim (FHP) em by stateem m observers flewseparatelyoveracom During apre-seasonaerialsurveyworkshopnear Jeanine Paschke,ForestHealthTechnologyEnterpriseTeam Tim Erik Johnson,ForestHealthProtection,US A Com m of developm States. Thewarm was aboutonem Great Sm This paperwillpresentanoverviewof a a controlprocedures.Asm ps werechosenforspatialandtabularcom nagem McConnell,ForestHealthProtection,USDAService p m e arison ofSixAerialObservers a oky MountainsNationalPa areaonthesam e pping ishighlysubjectiveandintended ent ofthehem ployees; allsixem ation tolandm nt program a nager? ployees andthreewereproducedby o logist, foresthealthspecialist, p lineisthisquestion:Areallsi ly doingthebesttheycan.No onth earlierthanthatreportedforsim ong foresthealthm Andiftheansweris“no”,thenwhatcanyou dotoim er clim a Comment citer cedocument: ps theym s canbeim l ock woollyadelgidin a nagers. ate inourregionm

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proved toenhanceregionaleffortsreducethispest. e ent wasnotpe thodologies onstrat o rm rk. Developm p a ation nagers thatthereisinherentvariationinaerialsurvey arable areafortrainingpurposes.Sixoftheresultant thelif e thevariationam a e DA ForestService,RockyMountainRegion l ha on lif ground truthingwascarriedoutfollowingthe ecognize thevariationinskilllevelsofaerial land m p ve anaturalaptitudeforsketchm x oftheseaerialsurveym ilar atm are, sketchm f our aream arisons. Ofthesixm m e o rform a r reportingpurposes,especiallywhenaerial a y haveenhanceddevelopm cycle of BuenaVistaColoradoinJune1999,aerial e historyandseasonalitybecom tter whatthem ent ofhem bute aerialsurveydataforinclusioninthe Forest Service,HealthProtection to detectforestchangeeventsandim a e nager orsupervisorofanaerialsurvey d tovalidatethem o ilar studiesinthenortheasternUnited spheric conditionsandtofacilitate thehem a y influenceapplicationsandtim a ong sixaerialobserversm

pping isahum l ock woollyadelgidinourstudy a l p scale,theintensityof ock woollyadelgidinthe a ps, threewereproduced a a ps acceptabletoyou ps basedonground bling experience prove theaerial ent. Theearly a pping, while e s available, a pping a part the 230 ing ps.

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). com pressure lowered,forexam 20 °C.Desiccationratesignificantlyincreased if larval weightlosswasconstantforaboutthe weight weredead.Larvaecom Products, 1650Ram 2 1 The Gutsof after loosingaslittle26%totalbodyweight m Anoplophora glabripennis wood m m different lengthsoftim to differentvacuum packaging m Anoplophora glabripennis The intentofthisprojectwastoassessthe 51 MillPondRd.,Ham Z. Chen f Low-Pressure Vacuum m conclusions. Furtherstudiesoffeedingtargets particulate; however,thesm particulate, whichsuggestthattheyfeedon posterior endresem to them spherical salivaryglands,connectedtothebu hindgut. Foregutsconsistofanoesophagous(athin stereom Guts of Departm Navdip Kaur,JohnStrider,AllenCohen,andFredHain o USDA-FS,NortheasternCenterforForestHea VirginiaPolytechnicInstitute&StateUniversity,Departm o o e r Killing thods ofstainingandm isture contentsandexposedtoapressureof rtality undervacuum p ared to20°C(3.35%/h). i 1 o the i croscopes. Thealim e , M.A.Keena dgut. Thelongestsectionofthecanalfurtherleadstohindgut.hindgutat isture contentonvacuum nt ofEntom Anoplophora glabripennis Adelges tsugae a terials (SW Adelges tsugae pressures(10,20,and75 b Comment citer cedocument: b le Road,Blacksburg,VA24060. o les likealargerectal Treatm logy, NorthCarolinaStateUniversity 2 d e wasassessed.Som , andM.S.W en, CT06514 wastheresultofeva P i larvaecanbekilledbylow-pressurevacuum M) andotherwoodproduc croscopy. , referredtoasAsianlonghornedbeetle,inthesolidwood and ple thelarvaelost entary canalslooksim all sizeof and e Adelgespiceae nt asaPotentialAlternativetoHeatTreatm

lethaltim Adelges piceae p h letely desi in SolidW ite these 1

e. potential ofusingvacuum e ccal cavityviasalivaryducts.Theforegutleads first 30hoursat20m la 20m cellular debrissuchasorganelles,whichare

porative rem m of theadelgidswillbeundertakenusingother pad. Contentsofthem lth Research,NortheasternResearchStation, ccated after60-67%weightloss.Therateof insects m rvae werealsoplacedinwoodwithdifferent ood PackingMaterial andalllarvaeinthetrialsthatlost m weight twiceasfastat30°C(6.17%/h) Hg)andtem eitherthetem tubeattheanteriorend),andagroupof wereexam m p ts. Survivaloflarvaeexposeddirectly le andconsistofforegut,m Hgat20ºCtodeterm a ke itdif e oval ofbodywater.Larvaedied nt ofW p ined undercom eratures (20and30ºC)for p m erature wasraisedorthe f ood Science&Forest i cult tom Hgvacuum technologytocontrol i dgut appeartobe treatm e nt orFum ine theeffectsof a ke def e pressureat pound and nt. Larval i dgut and i gation > i nitive 40% 231 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Hind restriction sitefor rufulus restriction enzym thoraxes ofadultm ceram species inthisregion. Forest industries,however,carryoutintensive post-firesalvage Canada andthushavepotentially acrucialeff Forest firesaream Canada Departm Matti J.Koivula Burn severity,salvageloggingandborealpost-fire forestdiversity m successfully am Eggs, larvae,andpupaeof polym em below fam rufulus m have recentlyexperiencedanoakdeclineeven Oak-hickory forestsinnorthwesternArkansas Galligan M. BrentKelley,StephenW Molecular Diagnosticsof Measures ISPM15whichisusedbytheUnitedStatesanditstradingpartners. m in acom wood inChina.Furtherworktodeterm and weredead.Plansarebeingm larvae heldinwoodundertheseconditionshad averaged only1.2%perhourunder20m they hadbeendirectlyexposedtothesam Larvae placedinthetestwoodpieceswith21.6%MC o e u ployed m thod consideredforadoptionaspartofth rtality isassociatedwithanoutbreakofanativewood-boringceram ltiple lif IIIdidnotcutfor bycids. Aportionofthem orphism thatweresignificantlydifferent (Haldem e m nt ofRenewableResources,Univer ily levelisnotusuallypossible e stages. e o rcial facilitywillbe lecular diagnostics,usingpolym (PCR-RFLP),todistinguish plified anddigestedusingthism a n), theredoakborer.Taxonom e E. rufulus ong them s. Bothrestrictionen Comment citer cedocument: u seum E. rufulus Enaphalodes rufulus specim E. rufulus . andtworestrictionsitesforallotherceram W o st im i

ngard, AllenL.Szalanski,FredM.Stephen,andLarryD. necessarytopreparedocum butdidcutatonerestriction e itochondrial portant natura ns, wasam a de tote along withanunknownceram ine th from m zym Hgvacuum through traditionalm E. rufulus sity ofAlberta,Edm st thevacuum eras e e exacttreatm anyotherceram (Coleoptera:Ceram ect ontheabundanceand distributionofforest e vacuum lost >40%bodym plified anddigestedwith DNA 16SrRNAgene,isolatedfrom , easternOkalahom s independentlyproducedfragm t withwidespreadoakm e e InternationalStandardforPhytosanitary l disturbanceeventson the borealforestsof thod toverifyvalidityofthistechniquefor e chainreaction-restrictionfragm ic identificationoflarvalCeram from lost weightbutataslowerratethanif pressureat20°C.About50%ofthe treatm technologyonnaturallyinfested e othercloselyrelatedspeciesof nt conditionsforwoodm site forallotherceram entation neededtohavethis e bycid tested. nt andthedesiccationrate onton AB,T6G2E3, o o bycidae) rphological m bycid larvaandpupawere isture afterabout20hours a andsouthernMissouri bycids tested,while bycid, Alu o rtality. Theoak Iand Alu Enaphalodes e e thods. W Ihadone nts for e nt length Hind legsor bycidae bycids. a terial 232 III E. e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). available forallcarbonsinks,includinggrowthand resindefense. cavitation likelyresultsinalargedecrease photosynthesis whichreducesphotosynthate capacity becauseofcavitationduringseveredrought vulnerability curvestowaterstresssuggestthat treerootsystem elevation (cool)sites.3)Treewaterpotentials of therelationshipbetweengrowth m radial growthispositivelyassociatedwithwi defense canoccur,butareweakanddonotexplai are generallygreatestfortreeswithhighgrowth dif cavitation. Asynthesisofcurrentandpastst linkages am for theroleofseveredroughtincausingbark that includedseveredroughtsin1996,2000,and2002. dram Bark beetlepopulationsandm D.F. Koepke,SchoolofForestry,Northern T.E. Kolb,SchoolofForestry,Northern A Tree-CenteredMechanisticBasisforDrought-InducedBarkBeetleOutbreaksinArizona structure indicatedastronghom these wereseveraltim Songbird datashowedthatalthoughsalvage-l negatively tosalvagelogging(withoneexcep logging, withonefirespecialistspeciesas Ground dwellingforestbeetlesm (trem and burnseverity.W high), theintensityofpost-firelogging(contro 2.5 xkm sam km forest organism logging, whichrem o f re stronglyassociatedwithadroughtindex ), Alberta,tostudytheeffectsofpost-fire e p rences inconstitutiveresindef atically in2002-3attheendofeight ling wasdoneduringthetwofirstpost-fi b ling aspenandwhitespruce),their ong wateravailability,treegrowth,constitutiveresindefenses,andxylem ) thatvariedinthepre-fiream s. W oves vastam e Comment citer cedocument: sam e es lessabundantthere, sam p led beetles,birds p led intheforest ogenizing effect ounts ofpotential

o andwateravailabilityisstrongeratlow-(hot)versus high- e o rtality ofponderosapine(Pinusponderosa)increased nse areassociatedwithtreeradialgrowth–resindef stly responde Arizona University,Flagstaff, ArizonaUniversity,Flagstaff, an exception.Alsowoodpeckersrespondedm years (1996-2003)ofbelow-averageprecipitation and vegetationattheH ount nter andgrowingseasonprecipitationeven logging andfireseverityonthefocaltaxa.The ogged areasstillhostedm udies revealsthefollowinglinkages:1)Large based onwaterbalance(Palm beetleoutbreaksinArizonawhichem l i.e.nologging,andlow,m re sum and ananalysisforthesongbirdcom ofsalvageloggingonthebirdassem type subjectedtosalvage,viz.m tion) butoftenpositivelytoburnseverity. ofm m n largedifferencesinresindefenses.2)Tree rates.Tradeoffsbetweengrowthandresin d negativelytoburnseverityandsalvage adjacent coniferous(notsalvaged)areas. food, shelterandnestingsitesfrom easured inpreviousstudiesandxylem s. Lossofhydrauliccapacitybecause m e W e rchantable m rs (2003-04)in24landscapes(each e presentam ouse Riverfire(2700sq- i s losem xed-wood forests(low, echanistic explanation o st songbirdspecies, oderate andhigh) e r). Thestrength u ch hydraulic i xed-wood b various lage. m phases e unity o nses 233 stly

-pinene. Adultbeetlesrespondedsynergistically toMBandracem O. erosus ic ipsdienol,4) a y alsovectorpathogenicfungi. e e nt ofEntom ric com b, T.Dellinger,S.M.Salom i Laricobius cal baitbasedonprelim e Laricobius m . Study3testedtheoptim ilar whetherracem a . W le ovipositionrate,af positions. Twelve-unitfunnel e oderate releaserateof Comment citer cedocument: nts included:1)unbaitedcont h o α ile sam spp.andseveralcocinnellids.Mi logy, VirginiaTech,216PriceHall,Blacksburg,VA24061 -pinene, 5)MBandracem : RecentlyDiscoveredAndIm p ental studies. ling

A ic ipsdienol Tsuga inary studiesab e ence ofaconstantracem , ud, MaryLouiseFlint,StevenJ.Seybold ric specific L.T.KokandT.J.McAvoy

e InCalifornia,MPEhasbeenfoundtocolonizeand ponents

w hostsu al releaserate Orthotomicus (Ips) Mediterranean region,SouthAfrica,andChile, seiboldii, MB (0.5-60m

α no-choice feedingandovipositiontests,host -pinene wasrevisitedinstudy6.In2, m rkish, easternwhite,shortleaf,andslashpine) was releasedatlowto high rates,0.11-5.55 e U.S.,webegandevelopinganattractive nd, andbrutiapine.Otherfrequentlyplanted vealed severalnewpredatorsfrom hostsinothercountries.Tooptim ponent attractant.However,thiswasonly in variouscom ic ipsdie NorthAm ity toipsdienol,andcom a JapanesescientistattheOsakaNatural traps werebaitedwitheachtreatm itability tests,anddevelopm a previouslyunknown road. Inaseriesofsixexperim rol, 2)2-m ported ToTheU.S.AsAPotential ofracem ke Montgom g nol, and6)MB,racem /day) elicitedthehighestresponse erosus erica intheCentralValleyof ic ipsdienol(200 e b ic ipsdienol,andcaptures of thyl-3-buten-2-ol (MB),3) inations, releaserates,and (W ery (USDAFS)recently a de andover300adult ollaston) (Coleoptera: ic ipsdienol; Laricobius p ared theartificial ental studies. µ ic ipsdienol, g/day) were α ize early e China, species e -pinene nts, we nt and 234

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Mark Lubinski Sacram Response toanAsianLonghornedBeetle, pinene. trees inIllinois,NewJersey,YorkandOntario,Canada. 2005. ThebeetleisnativetoChinaandKoreahasforcedtherem the groundsofawarehouseonMcClellanAirForceBase,inSacram The Asianlonghornedbeetle(ALB),avoraciouspestofhardwoodtrees,wasdiscoveredon locations toverifythattheareasarebeetle-free. Survey, treatm also storagefacilitiesinSanDiegoandLos threat. Thepanelprovidedtrappingandsurvey advisory panelwasconvenedtohelpstrategi Sm nearby streettreesf find prom however thisisthefirsttim pallets withbeetledam adults werefoundinthewarehouse.Furtheri longhorned beetles.Aliveadultbeetlewas Agricultural Com The CaliforniaDepartm and thesetwocom various the infestedlogwithpherom synergistically toMPE.Again,theoptim natural pherom Study 5testedthesynergism m be effective.Also,theoptim with (–)-ipsdienol,butinhibitedby(+)-ipsdie baits tothenaturalpherom a les by3-5-fold,possiblybecausethereleasera okejum 3. 2. 1. ento, California USDA ForestService,HealthProtection Sacram California Departm α -pinene enantiom pted officialstorespondquickly p ers from 1 ento CountyAgriculturalCom e one. BothMBand(–)-ipsdie , DickPenrose nt anderadicationproceduresw m ponents withracem i Comment citer cedocument: Redding,CAclim ssioner’s OfficeinvestigatedthesiteandfoundatotalofthreeAsian o r thetell-talesignsof a e ge. ALBhasbeenfoundintheCaliforniawarehousesbefore, e nt ofFoodandAg e one producedby25m rs. Treatm nt ofFoodandAgriculture e thatthebee ofMBand(–)-ipsdi one-producing 1 , Ram al baitoutpe

ona Saunders ic e nts includean bed treesinsearchforbeetleactivity.Ascientific α tle hasbeenfoundoutdoor al artif -pinene 1Xor2X,with(+)- Anoplophora glabripennis, rform Angeles Countiesownedbythesam m ze theState’sextendedresponsetopotential byfum nvestigation ofthewarehouseturnedupwooden m nol suggestingtheracem captured outsideontheloadingdockandtwo i a nol werenotattractivealone,but ssioners Office recom riculture (CDFA)andSacram icial baitattracted3-6-f les. Study6iscurrentlyongoing,andtests beetleactivity(includetreesym ill continuef enol, andcom e 2 a tes from d thenaturalpherom andMichaelBohne les. MPEwashighlyattractedtothebait unbaitedcontrol,MBand(–)-ipsdienol, i gating thewarehouseandinspecting m e ndations fortheMcClellansiteand artificialbaitswerem o r thenextf p ared theattractivenessto ento, CAonJune16, s. ThenewoutdoorALB oval ofthousands Detection In α 3 ic ipsdienolwouldnot -pinene, orwith(–)-

o one producedby25 ld m e w yearsatthese o re beetlesthan ento County e u com ch higher. p tom p any. 235 s α ). -

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). C Snyder R Burnside Distribution andbiologicalcontrolofAm adopted anadaptiveapproachfortheintroductionof launched in2003toim Ichneum outbreaks inwesternCanadaduringthe hom dam prevalence andabundanceinurbanruralar of birchinurbanandruralar been introducedtoAlaskasom Am * CorrespondingAuthor:cjm Departm (4) –UniversityofAlberta,FacultyAgriculture,ForestryandHom & Fairbanks,Alaska,USA (3) –USDAForestService,StateandPrivate Edm (2) –NaturalResourcesCanada,CanadianForestService,NorthernForestryCentre, Alaska, USA (1) –StateofAlaska,Departm Milton Silverstein,John co-foundedtheInterna Ernest Sondheim University ofNewYork inSyracuse,wherehi chem m Through m Albert E.MayfieldIIIandDouglasC.Allen Forest entom Dr. JohnB.Sim establishm versus pupae,varyingrearingsiteconditi leafm field rearingparasitoidsandoptim released 213parasitoids(116 parasitoids asearlypossibletoslowthe a de m berm a eowners arelim onton, Alberta,Canada ical ecology.Johnservedfor45years ge appearstoworseninhot,dryyears. i ner developm a e onid parasitoid arked birchleafm 3 ny im nt ofRenewableResour , JSpence ent. o 1 , HBucholdt re thanhalfacenturyofteaching,writing,research andservice,JohnB.Sim o logist andpioneerinchem e portant andlastingcontributions one (1919-2005) er waspublishedasa sem 4 Comment citer cedocument: ent. In2006wewillevaluate

ited tosystem port, rearandrelease 1 Lathrolestes luteolator , SDigweed i ner (ABLM)aninvasi [email protected] ♀ e eas ofSouth-Central,InteriorandSouth-eastAlaska.ABLM e nt ofNatura :97 tim

ces, Edm ized ourm ♂ e intheearly1990’s.Currently,itinfests140,000+acres ) inAnchorage.W ic soildrench 2 , EHolsten ical ecology berm onton, Alberta,Canada l Resources,DivisionofForestry,Anchorage, spread ofABLM.Since2004wehaverearedand 1970’s and80’swerecontrolledbyanative e i Forestry, ForestHealthProtection,Anchorage L. luteolator nal arked birchleafm thod tosynchronizeparasitoidem ons andbegintom . Aclassicalbiological Currentm s lectureseriesinchem tional SocietyofChem eas hasbeenincreasinginrecentyearsand 3 as professorofentom text inthefield.Along withDr.Robert , JKruse inthefieldsofforestentom ve Europeansawflywasbelievedtohave theeffectivenessoftransportinglarvae orstem e deve inAlaskatocontrolABLM.W 3 L. luteolator , DLangor a -injected insecticides.Sim nagem loped asuccessfulm i ner inAlaska e e nt optionsavailableto Econom 2 onitor forparasitoid controlprogram , CJKMacQuarrie ical ecologywithDr. ical Ecologyandthe tobeginreleasing o logy attheState ics, ergence with o logy and e thod of was e 236 2, one ilar 4* e ,

The diseaseknownassuddenoakdeath,causedby Technological University,1400TownsendDrive,Houghton,MI49931-1295 Center forForestry,CollegeofNaturalResources,145MulfordHall,University Richard B.Standiford Brice A.McPherson, o b rum -hearted, generousm Quercus ers ofbeetleattacksin April 2003were i d 1990s.Saprotrophicbarkandam , woundedbutnotinoculated,or e Q. nt, DivisionofInsectBiology,201W , Xyleborinus

agrif

pilosus agrif unity thatcontinuestobenefitfrom ber 2003andthrough2005 onuntreat e bers of er USSRrepublics.Hehada ntal groupthatwastreatedw o o 4 lia Comment citer cedocument: lia School ofForestResourcesandEnvironm 3 , andthebostrichid 2 . Thisstudywasdesignedtodeterm University ofCaliforniaCooperativeExtension,1682Novatoblvd., Nadir Erbilgin, ) infectedby oaks( e nt hadnotaffecteddiseas

saxeseni a n whoisdearlym Quercus , whichtheyco-editedfor20years.Johnactivelyprom o re beetlesthantr

2 brosia andbarkbeetles(Coleoptera:Scolytidae)tocoastlive ce, wetrappedthescolytids Departm , Pseudopityophthorus Phytophthora spp.)andtanoaks( 2 David L.W ean leftascontrols.Stickytrapswereplacedonthehalf eetle catchthroughout2003.Perm Scobicia entom e nt ofEnvironm num brosia beetlesthatnorm i te fellowshipinforestentom ith perm ssed andrem special interestinthebiologyandecologyof those havingthegreaternum por positivelycorrelatedwith advanceddisease theresultingbleedingbarkcankersincoast e academ e o ber ofattackspertree.ThroughDecem llm logy, includingcooperativeworkinBurm

ees withfewornoattacks.Onlythetrees

ram e oakswereinoculatedinJuly2002with e progressionorm hisfoundationalwork. declivis tant researchonbarkbeetlepherom ood, Phytophthora an Hall,UniversityofCalifornia, o ethrin. Followinginoculation,trapson ed trees.Trapcatchwas significantly rum 3

Pavel Svihra, ic disciplinesheloved.Johnwasa pubipennis Lithocarpus . TrapcatchinApril2003,priorto ental Science,Policy,and

e in m e theefficacyofperm ental Science,Michigan b ered byfam Monarthrum

ram Hypoxylon , o sp.)inCaliforniasince Xyleborus rtality. Priortothefirst o a 4 rum Andrew J.Storer,and lly colonizedeador ethrin delayedthe , hasinfectedand ily, friends,anda o bers ofentrance logy, providing

scutellare thouarsianum

californicus ethrin in ones. , oted 237 ber M. P. a, , .

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Twenty-two specim collected. Thenatives, native species.Peakcatchof Siricids servingassurrogatesfor m trapping trialsinseveralstates2005tode U.S.D.A. ForestService’sEarlyDetection im species. Basedonthe catchof trees becauseourexperim baited trapscaughtthem unbaited trapsonMS-DMSOtreatedtrees(10) a panel trapscaughtthegreatestnum occurred onDec.1,when18and19specim nigricornis to late70’s,werecollectedbeginningonJune Eriotremex formosanus A totalof57Siricidae,allfem Nov. 17. adm and m trees followingtreatm m installed withatleast30m to deploym pine plantationinW UHR sleeve(SynergySem insects. BaitedtrapscontainedaHercules tree, atechniqueknowntocreatetreesattractive Sodium debilitated trees.Experim baited stickypanelsandunbaitedtraps(funnel evaluated included:baited12-unitLindgrenfunneltrapsandIntercept™paneltraps, Due tothepotentialpestthreat Jam Attracting andTrappingNativeNon-NativeSiricids(W otherwise soundtrees. selection behavior,from ram higher onbeetle-colonizedinfectedtrees.The e onthly andunbaitedtrapsm proved m thods. Evaluationswerebasedonthecatch o e i nistrative reasons,andthestudyreinstalled s Meeker,W rum a +DMSO (MS+DMSO)toevenlyseparated intained bi-weeklyuntilNov.10,when cankersoncoastliveoaksm occurringonDec.1,andfor ent oftrapsonJune7.Fourrepli eans ofdetecting,investigating a illiam e Comment citer cedocument: i ns ofeachthenativespeci nn Parish,whichhadbeencom e nts onMay25,June29,A , anon-nativespeciesintroducedinto Sirex nigricornis Ross,BrianStrom o weakenedorrecently betweentrapsand st siricids,wewereuna i e e ochem ntal ‘traptrees’ nt wasdisplaced oved toacorrespondingsetoffournewchem E. formosanus

a les, wasco S. noctilio i cals Corp.).Th E. formosanus posed bytherecentintroductionof ber ofsirici and S. edwardsii a andW y beduetoakairom turpentine 170gUHRsleeveandanethanol120 . IntheLouisianatrialtrapsystem e and RapidResponse(EDRR)program S. edwardsii llected betweenJune15andDec.15.Thirteen were createdbyapplyingam occurredonSept.14,whensixspecim ns of 15andendingonOct.12,pr 0.2 km velop m nd potentiallym during theshortflight period ofthenative es ofnativeandotherestablishednon-native cates ofeachthefourtrapsystem attraction ofthesesaprotrophicbeetlesto ds (30)followedbybaitedfunneltraps(15), nd lastlybaitedstickypanels(2).Although ood Johnson deadtreestodiscreetinfectionsiteson ugust 18andNov.17.Trapswereserviced in asim webelievethattraptrees m trap andstickypanels)onexperim nd susceptibletoavarietyofpineinfesting ble tocom eachwerecollected,respectively.Baited es werecollected,withthelastcatchof e studywaslocatedina22yr-oldloblolly m theoriginalsitewasabandonedfor betweenreplicates.Lureswerereplaced hatchet f onDec.15.Peakcatchofbothspecies e o rcially thinnedinApril-May,justprior re effectivedetectionandm werebothfirstcollectedonNov.10. ilarly treatednearbypinestandon oodwasps) inLouisiana,U.S.A. p the southeasternU.S.inm r are theircatchwiththatattrap ills encirclingthebaseof a naging siricids.However, one-m ediated shiftinhost ior todetectingany Sirex noctilio i xture of ically-debilitated a s thatwere y of initiated onitoring e Metam ns were s were e f ntally e , the r an the 238 P. i S. d -

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). and NorthCarolina,catchesofth pini was attractedtotrapsbaitedwithipsdienola the EDRRnationaltrappingprotocolandothe to MS+DSMOtreatm attractiveness of‘traptrees’--createdwiththe Developm m ipsdienol orlanierone.Thecom Louisiana catchesof with ipsenolandipsdienolnoeffectofla Florida, catchesoftheeasternfivespinedips, Louisiana wereintrapsbaitedwithipsdienolandlanieronenoeffectofipsenol.In traps baitedwithallthreecom ipsdienol inallfoursouthernstates.InNorthCarolina,thepineengraver, Monochamus titillator Florida, Georgia,LouisianaandNorthCarolina.W wood boringbeetlesineight-unitm The effectsofipsenol(+50/-50),ipsdienol(+ USDA ForestService,SouthernResearchStation D. Miller,C.CroweandAsaro Ips pherom bark beetlepherom 8-unit trapsbaitedwiththeco Hylobius pales weevils weredeterm In 2001-2004,theeffectsofvarioustrappingparam USDA ForestService,SouthernResearchStation D. MillerandC.Crowe Flight responsesofroot-feedingweev of pineengravers. be aneffectivelurecom traps baitedsolelywith ethanol or(–)- enantiom with thesam preferred 8-unitfunnel traps o re robustevaluationsareneededa totrapsbaitedwithipsdienolalthoughinterruptionwasnullifiedbylanierone.InFlorida e ent Project(STDP)hasbeeninitiatedth ric com ones attractsouthernsawyerbeetlesandpineengravers e lures.Infunnel , andthepitcheatingweevil, position of ones. Comment citer cedocument: ined inpinestandsofnor I. grandicollis e nts-- andcom (Ceram b ination fordetecting baited withethanoland (–)- pounds traps baitedwithethanol and(–)- α m bycidae) wasattractedtotrapsbaitedwithipsenoland/or -pinene. Incontrastto bark andam b

b ination of( e sm ination ofethanoland(–)- werehighestintrapsbaitedwithipsenolnoeffectof p whereasthehighestcatchesof ils tobaitedfunneltrapsinFlorida aring trapcatch u all southernpineengraver, α ltiple-f -pinene. Attractionof nd plannedfor2006.ASpecialTechnology Pachylobius picivorus ± nd lanierone.Ipsenolinterruptedattractionof nierone whereasinGeorgia,NorthCarolinaand unnel trapsweredeterm )-ipsenol, ( herbicides dicam thern Florida.W the southernpinesawyerandspecies Ipsgrandicollis 50/-50) andlanieroneoncatchesofbark r suspectattractantsincludingethanoland is yeartof e ters ontheflightresponseofroot-feeding e es atthesetreesagainsttrapsbaitedwith foundthatthesouthernsawyerbeetle, ± α )-ipsdienol andlanieroneseem -pinene over16-unittraps baited

u α P. picivorus ba andglyphosate,inaddition rther explorethecreationand e -pinene overcontroltrapsor α foundthatthepalesweevil, were highestintrapsbaited -pinene, wefoundthatcups Ips avulsus (Curculionidae)preferred I. avulsus brosia beetles,weevils ined in2003-2004 Ips pini wasunaffectedby were highestin inGeorgiaand (Scolytidae) 239 s to Ips I.

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Random four designsCRDare: (1) theCom of thepresentedexperim variances andsm sam and forthreeone-replicationRandom m of theestim researchers stillneedtoselectasam count distributionandrandom for over-dispersedPoissondistributeddata m norm counts, sothestatisticalanalysiscannot Beetle trappingexperim Sylvia Mori(USDAFS,PSW pubescens Florida, GeorgiaandSouthCarolina. am In 2002-2004,theeffectsofethanoland(–)- USDA ForestService,SouthernResearchStation D. MillerandC.Crowe Attraction ofam of weevils. higher thanthosefrom Alternatively, thenum volatiles em Vaportape insecticidalstripssuggestingthat using propyleneglycolasthekillingagentcontainedm such as baited solelywithethanollittle,ifany,effectby(–)- species suchas study. percentage ofexoticbeetlesrangingfrom am Optim odel shouldbeabletoaccountforthisrandom easure ofthesam brosia beetleswerem brosia beetles(Scolytidae)ineight-unitm p ling designsarethem a lly distributeddata.Second,thereisofte izing efficacyofexperim ized Designwithrepeated m Monarthrum mali pref itted byVaportapestripsore ated differenceoftreatm erred trapsbaitedwiththe Xyleborus crassiusculus brosia beetlestoethanoland(-)- aller P-valuescanbethought to p Comment citer cedocument: ling designefficacyforf ber ofweevilsescapingfr cupscontainingglycol e nts presentseveralchalle e ntal designsinvolve o toethanol-baitedtrapswasinterruptedby(–)- re com o ResearchStation,Berkeley,CA) st frequentlyused e effect.Howeve ntal designinbeetletrappingexperim

m p p ling design on thanna letely ized Com e easures nts’ m , W 53%to X. affinis e com nhanced bythoseem couldservethatneedbyaccom Random be accom u foundthatsom α ltip attractionofweevilsm . W ean our Com repeated m -pinene (releasedathighrates)oncatchesof (CRDRep), (3)theCom om b p α effect.AGeneralizedLinearModel(GLM) that m tive speciesof le-funnel trapsweredeterm n astrong“location”effect,sostatistical yieldm 78%of ination ofethanoland(–)- lete BlockDesigns(1-RepRCBD).These r, whenfacedwithcom inforestentom nges toresearchers.First,theresponsesare -pinene intheSouth effectsandtheirP-valuesareusedasa e and cupscontainingVaportapem foundnoeffectof ized Design(CRD),(2) theCom m i nim Xyleborinus saxesenii p odated withtheusualanalysisfor α letely Random allam o -pinene. Attractionofsom easures forcountsresponses. The re efficientsam i zes thatlocationef o e re weevilsthanthoseusing speciessuchas brosia beetlescapturedinthe am itted bypropyleneglycol. o logy research.Sm brosia beetleswiththe e nts trap designoncatches a ized Designs(CRD), y beinterruptedby p letely Random p p ling designs.Six aring treatm α ined inAlabam α -pinene. Exotic preferredtraps m -pinene. Other f ect. Variance odating both a y sim Xyleborus e species p p letely ly be e aller ized 240 nts, a, Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). DED inAustria,atleast. populations ofthesetwo m greatly enhancethesurvival ofthespore-feedi Hence itshouldnotbe in theinterestof pathogen m sm enabling thism the largerofthesetwom enough sporestosignificantlyinfecttreeswithDED( addition tothebeetles,onlyfem Larvae of conidia ofDEDm sporothecae, whichfunctionsim bodies, Although bothm perhaps from Ten speciesofm Louisiana 71360.Tel.:3184737258;fax:7222;e-m Correspondence: JohnC.Moser,2500ShreveportHighway,USDAForestService,Pineville, Natural ResourcesandAppliedLifeSciences,Vienna,Austria. Forest Protection(IFFF) Station, Pineville,Louisiana,USA.;² John C.Moser¹,HeinoKonrad²,Thom PHORETIC MITESTHATDRIVEDUTCHELMDISEASE locations atsam data showsthatthesam with theSAS9.1Glim sam The varianceoftwoestim For som treatm sources ofvariability.Eachthestatisticalm m treatm m (RCBDRan), and(4)the1-RepRandom 1-Rep Random the 1-RepRandom Random Design withre-random a easures (RCBDRot).Threesourcesof aller tched toastatisticalm p ling type(CRDorRCBD)arecom e e nt asafixedeffect,andlocationlo nt interaction,andthenaturalvariability T. crassus T. crassus ized Designwithrotatedrepeatedm e ofthem Scolytus a DEDhyphae. y beessentialtothenutritionofboth p ite toingestlargenum ized Com ling tim ites areknowntobephoreticon ite speciescarryascosporesa hasfusedfixeddigitsforpiercing, a carriesm spp.feedingingalleriescannotdevel ized Com odels som y bestuffedintothesem Comment citer cedocument: m e yieldsm i , DepartmentofForest p ized repeatedm x procedurethatrelieson ite species,and ling designsthatre p ites, andnot ated treatm odel forover-dispe lete BlockDesignswithre-random p o e lete BlockDesigns st ofitssporesintwopa oftherandom

a ilar tothoseof les of aller variancesandP-values. I nstitute of as Kirisits², e bers of nt effects’ Scolytus Tarsonemus crassus p ized Com Scolytus ared vi ite “pockets”. possesses opposededentatechelaeforgrasping, easures (CRDRan),and(4)theCom easur ode

variability areassum effects variancecom

cation-treatm -random ForestEntomology,Pathology,and whole sporesfrom rsed Poissoncountsthatincludesthethree andSoilSciences,BOKU–Universityof ng m in insectabundance.Eachsam nd conidiaofDEDonth spp.,m ls consideredbelongstoaGLMfam "sportcoatpockets".Bothascosporesand with repeatedm a sim es (CRDRot).AndthethreeRCBDare:(1) differenceandtheirP-valueswithineach ¹USDA ForestService,SouthernResearch spp.totransportDED; whereasitshould Scolytus p le W ites todoso.Ittherefore appearsthat perm te BlockDesignswithrotatedrepeated Ophiostoma novo-ulmi a T. crassus u ired structuresundertergite1term ize orrotatethetreatm ld-type teststatistics.Thesim lated data.Theestim a op inpresenceofDED,whereasthis y bethem itting onlytheingestionofliquids, spp.infestingelm e , and nt interactionasrandom a il: jm easures (RCBDRep),(3)the Proctolaelaps scolyti and thebeetlegalleries.The ponents arenotestim ized repeatedm o e [email protected] st m d: Location,Location- Proctolaelapsscolyti e e surfacesoftheir aningful driversof ) s ations aredone . inAustria.In

p ents toother ling designis Pr. scolyti effects. ily with easures p u carry letely lated able. 241 ed is .

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). The balsam North CarolinaStateUniversity Leslie Newton,FredHain,JohnFram Host ResistancetoBalsam entom starting in2007,torecognizeexcellenceresear F. AndersonOutstandingGraduateStudentAwa over 20years.TheSFIW He publishedm Award givenbytheSFIW distinguished careersinforestentom University for30years;duringwhichtim Roger F.AndersonwasProfessorofForest Fred P.Hain,Departm Roger AndersonandtheF.OutstandingGraduateStudentAward techniques andtheotherthreeareresistancescreeningtrials. growing seasonsof2006and2007,areoutlined.Th m bioassaying firseedlingsforresistancetoBW research relatestothedevelopm Fraser firandforlesseningthefinancialburde host resistance—inherentorbred—istheprim resistance andthem BW been researchedextensivelyforthepastcen and m Appalachians. Chem BW rapidly causedextensivedam specific tothegenus u ltiple firspeciesandwithinFraserfir. A andthereactionofvariousfirspecies A isalsoam i o nim logy byagraduatestudent. i ze theeffectivenessofIPMpractices. woollyadelgid( a ny scientificarticlesandwasth a jor pestinFraserfirCh echanism Comment citer cedocument: Abies ical treatm e nt ofEntom C W ishonoringthem C , wasintroducedintothesouthernAppalachiansin1950and foroutstandingservi a oolly AdelgidinanIPMStrategyforChristm s Adelges piceae ge tonativeFraserfir( ofresistance.Thegeneralconsensusatthecurrenttim

e nts forBW ent of o logy, NCStateUniversity o pton logy. He e he relia Fourstudies,whichwilltakeplaceduringthe ristm e tury. Muchisknownaboutthebiologyof A costtheindustryover$1.5m Ratz.)(BW m ary advised m Entom n onChristm ble techniquesf to infestation,butlittleisknownabouthost o e authorofatextbook,whichwasinprintfor A, andscreeningforhostresistanceacross ry was thefirstrecipientofA.D.Hopkins a hope forthecontinuationofnativestands The insectanditseffectonfirspecieshave s treeplantationsthroughoutthesouthern ofDr.AndersonbyestablishingtheRoger ch andoutstandingcontributionstoforest ce tothedisciplineofforestentom rd. Thisawardwillbegivenannually, Abies fraseri e firstwillcom o logy attheSchoolofForestry,Duke a ny graduatestudentswhowentonto A a ), atinypiercing-suckinginsect s treeproducers.Thisproposed o [Pursh]Poiret)stands.The r artif p are differentinfestation icially inf a s Trees illion annually e sting and e isthat o logy. 242

Online versionsarealsoavailableat: Copies ofthispublicationcanbeordered volum and arthropodnaturalenem glossary ofbotanicalterm im The two-volum the UnitedStates. of plantsthateitherareAsianoriginorfoundinAsiaandintroducedintoestablished W (304) 285-1566,orem Service, 180CanfieldStreet,Morgantow Invasive PlantsofAsianOriginEstablishedin e age oftheplanttohelpwithidentification, idong Fu,andRichardReardon,sum ies e. es representathree-year(2001-2004) e setisthef u, RichardReardon,DeniseBinion

and e setcontainsbackgroundinform V es, co-authoredbyHaoZhe Invasive PlantsEstablishedintheUnitedStatesthatareFoundAsiaand y of , USA i ation isneededtobetterunde rst of Comment citer cedocument: AgriculturalSciences,Instituteof ent inAgriculture,Beijing,P.R.China ail: itskindinthatall ation wasscattered,in a nd, bothvolum [email protected] s, andascientific eet thechallengeof ies foreachplant e idong Fu

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e accessible oravailableonlyinChinese.These theUnitedStatesandTheirNaturalEnemies were publishedbytheUSDAForestService- st Virginia26505,Phone:(304)285-1594or YunW and SustainableDevelopm m tegrity andhealthofthenation’sforests effort involvingtheChineseAcadem a ssions withChinesescientists.Priortothese rstand them e dealingeffectivelywithinvasiveplants, species andover200referencesforeach tion onthebiologyofeachplantspecies,an a index.Also,includedaretablesoffungal ps ofitsChinaandU.S.distributions,a ting inform e 2. Environm u ation wasobtainedbysearchingand orRich u, Jianqing intheirnativerange.Thistwo- ation onm ber 2004andDecem . s. ent and , ard Reardon,USDAForest Ding, DeniseBinion, o ent inAgriculture, forvolum re than80species ber 2005, e 1and y of 243 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). one largetree(earlydecay), 3)onelargetree and decaystageinthefollowing classes:1) beetles usingpitfalltraps andm study therelationshipbetweenDW Although theim Downed wood(DW University ofMichigan,AnnArbor Holly A.PetrilloandJohnW beetles (Coleoptera:Carabidae) All woodisnotcreatedequal:Im bark beetleslike death ofpinetrees,m years inthecentralpartofCroatiawhere chalcographus dom has beenpresentinalargerEuropeanscale national levelthisisconsideredasanewtrendinf Bark beetledam Milan Pernek,BorisHrašovec W RECENT BARKBEETLERELATEDPROBLEMSINCROATIA beetle outbreaksinthegenus As anotherdifferingexam m losses from in Croatianforestswheretheincreasingfirbark national tim Def dom Pityokteines spinidens Dendroctonus micans cause tim Trypodendron m of chalcographus It iswellknownandthoroughlydocum Europe. 3 3 sprucef I in2005. . ThesetwobarkbeetlesarepresentinCroatia THIN THEW i inant speciesisnegligiblecom inant dam nitively, thisisref ber lossesalsoinCroatia.However,som o afewthousandm ber production.Silverfir,ontheotherhand,ism rests inthelasttenyearsandcau

a , arethem lineatum ging barkbeetlespecieslistedinEurope,like portance ofDW I. typographus Ips acuminatus a I DER EUROPEANSCALE ges intheforestsincreased Comment citer cedocument: ) or u servesasanim so farhaven' ch inapatternknownforthem , l o ected intherelativ Tomicus Ips st im ple, itcanbesaidthat

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totheseorganism portance ofwoodquantityanddecaystageforcarabid , spp andorganism Tomicus t beenrecordedinCroatianforests,whileothers,like p inEuropeanscale,whiletheseseem . and ared toforesttypesthroughouttherestofEurope. seem portant T. piniperda

tobem Pityokteines e insignif ented that sing deathof very lowvolum fo piniperda duringthelastfewyearsinCroatia.Ona in pilesofDW therehasbeennoconsistentevidenceofbark r mo (advanced decay),4)two largetrees(early beetleoutbreaksinthenorthcausedtim habitatcom us buttheareaofforestswithsprucebeinga 3 bothin2003and2004upto170.000 s isassum o u r e ofthisresource.W rest healthstatus.Atthesam ch m e t i cance of , h e

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Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). 1980s. SincePPMwould encounterfavourablec indicator of m between stripefinallyturnedfavourableenough to favourable. PPMfeedingconditionsbecam northern areanearParis(notcolonized),cr favourable forPPMdevelopm Paris Basinduring1992-1996,weobserved that determ tem larvae tofeedonneedles,i.e;anesttem conditions. Them lim the fem dynam In ordertounderstandthisexpansionproce tem shifted northwardsby5.6km higher elevationsinSouth-centralEurope.For pityocampa The geographicrangeofthewinterpineprocessionarym Morgantown –W 45166 Olivet–France 2 C. Robinet PARIS BASIN MODELLING THEPINEPROCESSIONARYMOTHRANGEEXPANSIONIN variety oftypesDW types. Sincecertainspeciesfavoredspecific classes variedbyspecieswithsevenoutofni species diversitycom m stands withbeechbarkdiseasewhichm richness increasedasvolum years priortothisstudy,andfourstandswe stands wereheavilyinfestedwithbeechbarkdi each standandtwelvestandsMichigan’sUppe com wood pilesandcarabidabundance,speciesric decay), and5)twolargetrees(advanceddecay). 1 INRA–StationdeZoologieForestièreAvenuelaPom present address: ean ofm o rtality. Overalladvanced-decayedwoodha itation accordingtopinedensity,andam p p p eratures increasedbyabout1°C. erature above0°Cduringthefollowingnight ared am i ined bylabandf cs, wecoupledseveralm a le m 1, i (Den.&Schiff.)(Lep.:Notodontidae)iscurrentlyexpandingnorthwardsandat thef nim 2 &A.Roques ong thefiveDW o ths, adelayedRickerm u m eeding ability.Thisvariable V o Northeastern ResearchStation–USDAForestService180CanfieldSt. tem 26505 –USA rtality functionwasbasedon Comment citer cedocument: p ared towoodintheear isnecessarytom p i eratures from eld experim 1 e anddecayofDW ent, asouthern classes.Fiverep peryearduringth

odels: adiffusion e nts. W Octoberto odel todescribethepopulationgrowthanditsself- a a y bedue intain biologicaldiversitywithinforeststands. p h re undisturbed.Carabidabundanceandspecies e ly decaystages.Carabidabundanceam ss andtheeffectofclim area aroundTours(historicallycolonized)anda erature above9°Cduringthedayandanair en ossed byastripewhereconditionswerenot ne specieshighlycorrelatedwithspecificDW clearly showedawarm DW exam increased.Carabidabundancewashighestin sease, fourstandswereselectivelythinnedten d significantlyhighercarabidabundanceand m wereconstructedPPMf licates ofeachDW r Peninsulawereusedforthisstudy.Four hness, andspecies-levelrelationshipswere the clim o Marchwasidentif o toincreasedDW e last10yearswhilethem enablePPMtoprogresstowardsParis.The Pitfalltrapswereplacedadjacenttothe . Theseeco-physiologicalconstraintswere m re favourablein2000-2004,andthein- classesprelim rt onditions nearlyeverywhere intheParis ple, intheParisBasinPPMfronthas ality functionassociatedwithclim odel todescribethedispersalcapacityof this areawasdividedintotwozones atic conditionsrequiredbythePPM m e dePin–Ardon o inary resultssuggestthata th (PPM), availablefrom classwerechosenwithin ied asasim ing trendsincethelate ate warm eeding abilityinthe i Thaumetopoea nim ing onPPM p beechtree le clim u m ong DW winter 245 atic atic

o vs logist, USDAForestService, (SPBIS).SPBISisan Comment citer cedocument: 2km odel suppliedanicesim prove datacollection t wouldm . W 2 its usef , DickKarsky a e requiredtom nual entryoffiel h en aGICCclim

a les coulddisp ent andIm a havebeen ent ands a proved ReleaserforBarkBeetleSem inly de ulness. Thissystem 3 rest HealthProtection,Pineville,LA , Jim ce, MissoulaTechnologyDevelopm a s producedm nually enterdataintothedatabaseissubstantial. ORACLE databasewhichism acific SouthwestResearchStation,Davis,CA u ubsequent im pend onitsdispersalcapacityandthepines plem ection. Im lati for traininginearlysum ate scenario Meeker ntown Parisby2025ifnothingisdonetoslow tabase islackingm d-collected data,whileim The system erse atlongerdistancethanpreviouslyknown trainedtousethesystem SouthernResearchStation,Pineville,LA Southern Region(R8).Developm and storagefortheSouthernPineBeetle obile GISsof s) aswelltheexpansionsinceearly on ofthepastdynam festations toreducelosses,andassist entation ffect behaviorofbarkbeetles. Extensive a te SurveyingandMonitoringSouthern 4 andHenriMaget provem fornext50yearswasincluded,the iscurrentlyintheim introducesacustom plem a ny attractantandantiaggregant t i ware. Ultim ochem entation ofam e nts toSPBISwillaidin a ny yearsofsurveyand i i cals havebeenapplied m cs ofPPM(especially e 5 r 2006.Thesystem

proving fielddata i operationallyand ochem ately, thissystem a intained bythe ent Center, obile m plem digitaldata i cals ent ofthe entation a pping 246

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). 1 im biological controls.Tom developm infest m in Richm Since 1951,whenthehem 2 Kathleen S.Shields Eastern NorthAm Clim developed andwillbeevaluatedthisfieldseason. im Med-e-Cell’s verbenonedevicesnearlym under thisprojectandareawaitingthefifthfor W consistently overawiderangeofenvironm Forest Servicepersonneltodevelopanewgene patients; however,forthepastnum generator. Med-e-Cell’sproductshavebeenusedprim especially theelectricalcurrent(suppliedfrom m volum target f generator developedbyMed-e-Cell.Thegaspressurizesthecontainerholding The centerpieceofthisprojectisasem conditions greaterthanthatlikelytobeobservedduringfielddeploym designed toelutethesem releaser forthegeneralattractantethanolthatreleases1gperday.Ineachcaseis for thesem am Med-e-Cell isacom USDAFS personnelandMed-e-Celltodevelopim Protection, USDAForestService),isbeginningits This project,fundedbytheSpecialTechnol and releasedevicesarepronetoem problem therefore respondsignificantlytom release deviceshaverem in real-worldm The ConnecticutAgriculturalExperim USDA ForestService,NortheasternCenter e e plem portant tounderstandcharacteristics ofthela ounts offluidsatpreciselym teorological conditions,byvaryingcertain haveevaluatedthefourthgenerationof atic VariablesCanDeterm e ofliquidpum l ented inthefifthversion.Theethanol uid, whichthenm atic inthattheeffectiveradiusfrom u ond, Virginia,populationsofthisexotic ch oftherangeeasternandCa ent forcontrolofhem i ochem a nagem erica i cal antiaggregantverbenoneth 1 Comment citer cedocument: , R. TalbotTrotter,III p ped canbecontrolledvery any basedinSouthern e a a nt situationstargetingforest-dwellingscolytids.Sem oves ittoadestinati l xim ined prim ock woollyadelgid, i ochem i ze theefficacyand ine theUltim e

tered rates.Th l ock woollyad i ptying faster cal atacons e arily passive ber ofy teorological e nt Station,ValleyLaboratory,W i ochem eet our 1 , CaroleA.S-J.Cheah ental conditions. for ForestHealthResearch,Ham ate Distributionof

the verbenonedeviceengineeredbyMed-e-Cell rolina hem ears Med-e-CellhasbeenworkingwithUSDA each lurevarieswithm on outsidethedevicewhereitisreleased.The

Adelges tsugae a tinyhearingaidbattery)thatreachesthegas thanplannedordisposedofprem i e projecthastwogoals:todevelopareleaser California withexpertiseinpum projectgoals,withfinalim ogy Developm cal releaserthatisbasedonam ration ofreleasersthatelutesem elgid includetheuseof bothchem ndscape, suchasclim (thosewithwicksorm conditions. Thisuncontrolledreleasecanbe device(1g/dayreleaserate)hasbeen testing. Datageneratedsofarsuggestthat istent rateoverarangeofenvironm at elutes300m proved releasedevicesforsem engineered com insectpesthavespreadto17states,and efficiency ofthesem precisely,andrelativelyindependentof thirdyear.Theprojectbringstogether l ock. Pestm arily todeliverpharm Hem Annand,wasfirstdocum ent Program 2 g perday,andtodevelopa ponents ofthereleaser, l ock W a e ent. nagem teorological conditions, ate param a i nagem ndsor, CT e m oolly Adelgidin provem e b d (ForestHealth nt tacticsunder ranes, etc.)and en, CT e aceuticals to nt tools,itis i e aturely. i i ochem ters, which ochem niature gas ping sm i ochem e nts being ical and ented i ental i cals. cals 247 i cal all Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). focus m exam beetle susceptibilityratingsystem of them W becom is seriousconcernthatif western AlbertainBanf clim to changingclim latifolia Colum The m 2 Canada V8Z1M5 Terry L.Shore Modeling theEasternSpreadofMountainPineBeetleinCanada hem further regionalsam estim m appears positivelycorrelatedwiththedif to playaroleinthesurvivorshipof were collectedincreasestheexplanatorypower use ofcontem for thelandscapeusingdatafrom by m gradients toshowthat~60%of locations acrosstheeasternU.S.,wetake act tocontrolthespreadofadelgidand 1 Gowlland TechnologiesLtd.,220OldMossy Natural ResourcesCanada,CanadianForest onths. Thesedatasuggestthattheultim e havedevelopedagraph-basedconnectivitym l atically unsuitabletothebeetle.Currently ock woollyadelgidineasternNorthAm ean (30year)m ining areasofhighandlowhostconnectiv ated usinglandscapeclim e b ountain pinebeetle, establishedinjackpine, , treem a ia forthepast15years.Duringthistim ountain pinebeetlethroughsusceptiblehost.Basedonastandlevelm nagem porary weatherdatafrom 1 o , AndrewFall e rtality hasexpandedtoover8m nt effortstoreducetheriskofspread. ate theepidem p Comment citer cedocument: ling canbeusedtorefine i nim f thebeetlecanconti andJasperNational u m Dendroctonus ponderosae Januarytem 2 andBillG.Riel ic hasexpandedto atic analysesin thevariationin

Pinus banksiana, , them 2800weatherst hem theweathe o f st likely lim e p rence eratures basedonaKriegedtem l nue tom erica. oc it itspotentiallandscapedistribution.Using70 at Parks, andtheW Service, 506W advantage ofbothlatitudinalandcontinental Rd.,VictoriaBCCanadaV9E2A3 1 the estim e lim k woollyadelgid,suchthatinsectm ity recom ratesof com them to ~90%.Tem e theareaoflodgepolepine, illion in m ode routes of r stationnearesttothepointwhereadelgids the rangeofwhichextendsacrossCanada. areas thatwerepreviouslyconsideredtobe ations. Theseresultsalsosuggestthatthe b its ofadelgidrangeexpansioncanbe ination withfieldobservations,andthat l toidentif ove eastwardsacrossAlbertathatitwill ean tem hectares (20m Hopk.,hasbeenepidem ountain pinebeetleiskillingtreesin winteradelgidm ates ofthepotentialm m e epidem ndations canbem . BurnsideRd.,VictoriaBC p illm erature extrem p y theleastcostpathof erature variationalsoappears ore W ic spreadareidentif illion acres).Dueinpart ilderness Area.There o rtality isexplained p es duringwinter erature estim a a Pinus contorta de onwhereto xim ountain pine ic inBritish a l rangeof o spread ied. By rtality 248 ate Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). ash boreratoutliersiteswillbepresented. the developm continued developm tem m adjacent partsofOntario,surveyeffortshave throughout NorthAm Em MI, 48824-1312; W East Lansing,MI,48824-1115; Presentation Description: MI, 48824-1312; W East Lansing,MI,48824-1115; 3 2 1 3 2 1 Nathan W through dendrochronologicalanalyses Resurrected from Buprestidae), wasidentifiedinJune2002 Nathan W Modeling thespreadofisolatedem crossdating techniquesandotherdendrochronologicalanalyseswillbepresented. to-date onthereconstructionoftem than 15,000squarekilom borer-killed ashtreeswerecollectedonatleast and severalisolatedoutlierpopulations.Increm spread ofem dendrochronological analysestoreconstructthe m Dept.ofPlantBiology,MichiganStateUn USDAForestService,NortheasternResear Depts.ofEntom Dept.ofPlantBiology,MichiganStateUn USDAForestService,NortheasternResear Depts.ofEntom u o V V ch of rtality insoutheasternlowerMichig erald ashborerisanexotic,invasivebee poral andspatialdynam , 26505; , 26505; lowerMichiganandinareasof . . Siegert Siegert [email protected] [email protected] erald ashborerthroughoutthecoreinfestationinsoutheasternlowerMichigan ent ofcoupledm theashes:Ahistorical [email protected] [email protected] o o 1 1 logy &Forestry,MichiganStateUniversity,243NaturalScienceBldg., logy &Forestry,MichiganStateUniversity,243NaturalScienceBldg., , DeborahG.McCullough , DeborahG.McCullough ent andevaluationofeffectivem Comment citer cedocument: erica. Sinceitsdiscovery e ters encom Em i cs ofem a erald ashborer, p latticem [email protected] [email protected]

erald ashborerpopulations

p assing theco erald ashborerinoutlierpopulationsisneeded for poral a Indian reconstruction ofem odels to iversity, 166PlantBiologyBldg.,EastLansing, iversity, 166PlantBiologyBldg.,EastLansing, an andW as thecauseofwidespreadash( ch Station,180CanfieldStreet,Morgantown, ch Station,180CanfieldStreet,Morgantown, 1 1 tle capableof , AndrewM.Liebhold , AndrewM.Liebhold nd spatialdynam identifiedlocalizedoutlierpopulationsacross a, OhioandOntario.Theabilitytopredictthe a 4.8×kilom en in 2002southeasternlowerMichiganand Agrilus planipennis predictthespreadanddispersalofem ; ; t coresorcross-sectionsfrom historical dispersalpatternsandratesof [email protected] [email protected] re em a nagem i ndsor, Ontario.W erald ashborerinfestation.Results causingwidespreadashm e erald ashborerdynam nt strategies.Resultsto-dateon i cs ofem e ter gridoveranareagreater 2 2 , &FrankW , &FrankW Fairm

erald ashborerusing a ire (Coleoptera: Fraxinus e em areusing . . Telewski Telewski i cs erald ash o rtality spp.) erald 249 3 3

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). it. Adescriptionofthelifehistory native toBritishColum pine treeswithendem m param m developm interactions betweenthetwospecies.Experim The barkbeetle, Greg Sm m pine beetlebroodsizeandem were assessed,suchasovipositionalgalleryoverlap,lengths,m beetles andthesubsequenteffectonbroodcharacteristics.Specificm the effectof use andbroodcharacteristics,iscurrentlyunknown.Asecondfacetofthisstudyevaluated interactions between width ofeachsex(Fem of larvalinstars(4),m The barkbeetle, down woodwithinand in thevici One im dead wood. also providesinform snags anddownwood;presentsinform current vegetativeconditions(un-harvesteda databases, forestinventorydatabasesande DecAID isaninternet-basedsynthesisof provided anim wood andotherdecayelem effects ofexistingorproposedm Forest landm Elizabeth, USDAForestService. Hostetler, BruceB.,USDAForestService, Sprengel, KeithW Estim discussed. trees colonizedbym a a ountain pinebeetlesproducesim intained atsevendifferenttem ture adult(950DDat26.5 ating SnagDensitiesUsingAerialSurveyData e ters m portant aspectofdeadwood analysesisascertainingthecurrentstatus ofsnagsand ith ental andbehaviouralparam P. mexicanus easured includednum a portant toolforhelpingestim nagers interestedinm Pseudips mexicanus Pseudips mexicanus ., USDAForestService;Johnson,JulieL., Comment citer cedocument: ountain pinebeetlesalone.Threem P. mexicanus ation oninsectsandpathoge i ean sexratioofoffspring(2fem c m ale =1.63±0.006m b ia, ountain pinebeetles( on thequantityofresourcesavailabletoendem P. mexicanus erging sexratio.Prelim o C), m

p andendem eratures overthesum ilar sizedbroodsintreesoccupiedby ents. Recent a ber ofdegreedaysrequiredfordevelopm nity ofaprojectarea. This projectexam nagem ean ovipositionalgallerylength(5.9±0.28cm Hopkinsisoftenfoundcohabitatingstressedlodgepole Hopkins P. mexicanus e ters ofthisbeetleusingaseriesgrowthcham a publis isnotaneconom intain e m Mellen, Kim ati nt , Male=1.74±0.008m i xpert judgm on wildlifeuseofsn ate nd m c m e ing healthyforestecosystem activities onorganism Dendroctonus ponderosae hed scientif nts wereconductedtodeterm developm dead woodrequirem ountain pinebeetlesonthelatter’sresource ns andtheirroleincreatingretaining wasundertaken,allowingdiscussionof a naged); providesrelevantsum inary resultssuggestthatendem a les to1m m , USDAForestService;W a e nagem ic pest;hencelittleisknowabout ent andexperience.Itaddresses rs of2004and2005.The ent ofthe“DecAIDAdvisor”has ic literature,researchdata,wildlif e a nt applicationsare le) andm m easures ofinteraction s thatusesnags,down ags anddownwood.It ) e . Theeffectof P. mexicanus nts inanalysisareas. i Hopkins).A c m ean pronotal ent from ine thekey s m ountain pine ines howaerial u illhite, st evaluate ), num m ountain eggto i andin a c bers ries of ber 250 e

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). stands, and nigricornis species occurrencewas greatest from vs prim Urocerus albicornis, responded tothelures( Species responsevariedovertim evaluate sem ( utilized native ongoing efforttodevelopefficientsurveytool considered ahighriskpestinNorthAm pest ofm beyond aport-of-entry,inFult Recently theSirexW University ofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA94720) Morgantown, W W John Stein(USDAForestService,HealthTechnologyEnterpriseTeam RESPONSE TOSEMIOCHEMICALS CONIFER W provides acosteffectivem within thePPDFW categories exceededthoseof“id aerial surveydatapredictedthatasapercentofforestcover,snagdensitydistribution watershed inboththePPDFandEMC_ECBW Aerial surveydataconsistentlyprovidedac within twowildlif were thencom years ofcum based oninventoryplot(CVS,FIA,andBLM)su survey datatoestim Pine/Douglas-fir (PPDF)andEastsideMixed Sycan RiverW The studyarea,locatedinsouth-centralOregon,consistsoffederallandswithintheUpper incidence andconditionofsnags(whicharepotentialdownwood)acrossalandscape. survey datacanaidm Picea rubens . Interceptpaneltrap)wasthesam V 26505),RobertAcciavatti(USDAForestService,HealthProtection, ary attractantforallspecies.Resultsindicat a ny NorthAm wereonlyfoundinpine stands, S. cyaneus u i OODW ochem ) andeasternwhitepine( lative m Sirex p a V ared togrounddatacollectedfrom tershed. Twowildlifehabita e habitattypes. 26505),andNadirErbilgin(DivisionofOrganism speciesassurrogatesfor Comment citer cedocument: i H and ate snagdensities,wedevelopedaerialsurveycodeconversionfactors ASPS OFW cals form and T. Ouranal o oodwasp, erican pinesinseveral rtality data,asreco a nagers indevelopingapictureofthe‘currentsituation’for Sirex cyaneus,S.edwardsii,juvencusjuvencus, S.nigricornis, U. cressoni e U. cressoni thod forestim on County,NewYorkSeptem o

eal” unharvestedconditionsforthe re efficientm E Sirex noctilio e andforestst ST VIRGINIA:SEASONALOCCURRENCEAND ysis showsthatthisapproachtosnagdensityestim

). Ethanolaloneorincom e July throughOctober.In ourstudy, thr associatedwithbothpine andsprucestands.Species Pinus strobus ating snagdensitiesat5 oughout theseason.Frequencyandabundance of eri rded byaerialdetectionsurveysfrom onservative estim S. juvencus ca. Sinceitsintroduction,therehasbeenan S. noctilio Southern Hem t types(W onitoring ofnativeandinvasivewoodwasps. Conifer (EMC_ECB).Inordertouseaerial H (Hym e thatresponsetotraptype(Lindgrenfunnel s todelim T in m and type.Atotalofsixsiricidspecies m a alldiam stratifiedsystem ) sitesintheAlleghenyMountains,to ries ofsnagdatafrom enoptera: Siricidae),wasdiscovered . In2005,weestablishedredspruce HT) weresam it itsdistribution.Thisproject ate ofsnagdensitiesinthestudy i sphere countriesand,therefore, eter breakpoints.Furtherm b and th ber 7,2004.Itisaserious ination with fieldwatershedscales. s andEnvironm > U. albicornis 10”diam atic random p S. edwardsii led, thePonderosa eachW , Morgantown, α -pinene wasa eter category 1995-2004, inspruce ent, sam H T. Ten and p ates ore, 251 les S.

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). (+)- 2 1 BrianT.Sullivan Com Spatial Separationof Station, Stoneville,MS. determ trap spacing,wefoundthatattrac conducted >1m synergist forthefem opposite sidesandat14m substances whiletwoadditionaltrapsbaitedw relocated 4-16m turpentine wassignificantlyenhancedwhenthe(+)- trio caughtsignificantlym brevicom Furtherm m 0.05 m trap wasinterm 4-m concentration of(+)- from Our resultsindicatethattheattractiveeffectofrelocating(+)- spatial separationoffrontalinand plum detecting thephysicalseparationofphero pairs (producing locating idealsitesforreproduction,nam terpenes alone)werepositioned fewerthan~30 interpreted ascausing antagonism addition of trapping experim antagonist for Previous toourwork, relatively greateropportunitiesforreproductive success. have agoodprobabilityoffuturegrowth;hence they m (producing frontalin).Multi-treeinfestations Institute ofChem USDA ForestServiceSouthernResearch ean catchatallpositionsincreasingw endo e ponents oftheSouthernPineBeetle, frontalin/turpentine-baitedtrapscannotbeexplainedsim ter trapwassignificantlygreaterthanatth e thatare,atleastinpart,independentof g inations wereverifiedbyNathanSchi /day, beetlecatchdidnotdiffersignificantlyam -Brevicom ore, forboththe0.5and5.0m in doseatthem endo D. frontalis ediate betweentheothertwotraps.W ile from -brevicom e e 1 endo ters from ical andPhysicalResearch,Higashyam nts thatem andKenjiMori i n, apherom Comment citer cedocument: a ReleasePointsEnhances endo le-produced aggregationphe -brevicom thenearestactive endo i . W ddle trapwaseither -brevicom i o thetraps.Inas n totrapsbaitedwithf re beetlesthanwhenno ployed inadequatetr -brevicom e believethatthisconclusi

i one producedbym tion totrapsbaitedwith(+)- n) aswell e 2 ters distancefrom

ifthepositiv endo i n atthetrapsthem ith increasingconcentrationsof(+)- i g n hadbeenconsideredtobeapotentattractant -brevicom Dendroctonus frontalis Station,Pineville,Louisiana,USA /day (+)- e D. frontalis econd experim ly, siteswithtreescontainingestablishedbeetle pherom m 0.05, 0.5or5m ff, USDAForestService,SouthernResearch theSynergyofTwoAggregationPherom e m containing bothfreshandestablishedattacks

ith f one releasepointsusingqualitiesoftheodor trees containingattacksbypioneerfem ap/bait separation.Ourdatashowthatthe rom m r e controltraps(those with frontalin/host endo i ontalin/host terpeneswould beincorrectly i ddle trap,whilem n sourcesm e r ontalin/turpentine alonewereplacedon ters away.Ourdatatherefore reveala endo them one concentration.Theabilitytodetect one, frontalin.Inatrappingexperim a infestationandem h a -brevicom le southernpinebeetle,isapotent endo ong thethreetrapsoftrio. en the(+)- y providedispersing selves. Rather,thebeetlesm on resultedfrom a to-Shi, Tokyo,Japan -brevicom e nt, atrapwasbaitedwithallthree -brevicom i ddle trap.W endo p g ly astheresultofreductionin perday,allthreetrapsofthe

endo a

i y aiddispersingbeetlesin n doses,beetlecatchatthe -brevicom endo i n baitwaspresent,with -brevicom e i an catchatthe1-m n releasedevicewas -brevicom m ploying >100m h i endo sinterpretation of en the(+)- i D. frontalis n, frontalin,and i n baitsaway -brevicom i n dosewas u endo with st be a e e 252 one e les ter ter i nt n. - Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). com aggregation synergistfor than unbaitedtraps.Basedonthesedata,webelieve that(+)- endo enantiom headspace collectionsandhindgutextractsrevealedthatm brevicom antennae of that Coupled gaschrom overlooked pherom and m Dendroctonus of naturally-infestedhosts,andtheaggregationpherom this pest.However,frontalin/hostodorcom used inanannual,south-widetrappingsurv highly attractiveto com by fem conducted inthelatesixtiesandearlyseventiesidentifiedfrontalin,abicyclicketalproduced frontalis Aggregation pherom 3 2 1 (+)- repellants andaggregationinhibitors. m brevicom turpentine increasedcatchoffem baits releasing200m em following pairingwithafem antennae ofbothsexesthanfrontalinoranyothercom Brian T.Sullivan Southern PineBeetle, Institute ofChem Departm USDA ForestServiceSouthernResearch a erged m jor potentialpitf endo ponent roughlyanalogoustofrontalininm b endo -brevicom ination withhost-producedcom a a le-produced com le beetles,asthem Zim -Brevicom -brevicom e in, andcoupledgaschrom in m e r. Maleproductionof(+)- nt ofEntom a bothsexeswerem le beetleswerefoundtodecreaseinconcentration followingpairing.Additionof m speciesinNorthAm i e n aloneorincom rm a 1 le , W ical andPhysicalResearch,Higashyam ann, toorganizelethalm a i one com i D. frontalis all inresearchers’useof D. adjunctus. n isaMale-ProducedCom n presentinm Comment citer cedocument: tography-electroantennographi ones areessentialtotheabilityof i illiam crogram Dendroctonus frontalis o logy, MichiganState ponents. W D. frontalis a P.Shephard ponents inm jor aggregationpherom a le, while,incontra s perday(+)- u , particularlym ch m

b a

a le ination withhostodorsfailedtoattractm erica havegenerallybeenshowntoconsistofbothfem le beetlesconsistentlyelicitedstrongerresponsesfrom a e tography-m D. frontalis o endo , andthatitisam pounds (turpentineoralpha-pinene)wasfoundtobe thereforeconductedstudiestoidentifypossibly re sensitivetothe(+)than(-)-enantiom 1 a , DeepaPureswaran -brevicom le Station,Pineville,Louisiana,USA ey forpredictingregionalpopulationtrends a endo D. frontalis b ss attacksonhealthy,m a University, EastLansing,Michigan,USA inations alonefailtoduplicatetheattractiveness a ponent oftheAggregationPherom ttractant-challenge teststoidentif a les, andsince le 75-foldandm a st, allotherolfactorystim -brevicom ss spectrom D. brevicomis c detection(GC-EAD)studiesrevealed one for i n increasedapproxim southernpinebeetle, pound isolatedfrom a ones forotherpine-infesting . le-produced aggregationpherom a a to-Shi, Tokyo,Japan i D. frontalis. n totrapsbaitedwithfrontalinand les producedonlythe(+)- 2 endo e the m , andKenjiMori try (GC-MS)analysesof a les 30-fold.However,(+)- and -brevicom i d 1980’sthisbaithasbeen a D. ponderosae ture pinetrees.Studies Frontalinin a

ulants innewly- D. frontalis tely ten-fold o i Dendroctonus n isapotent re 3

D. frontalis y barkbeetle e one ofthe r of , and

endo . The one exo the a 253

- le - Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Ottar N.Bjørnstad The gypsym Park, PA Mayagüez, PR Canfield Street,Morgantown,W 4 3 2 1 Patrick C.Tobin Theroleofspatially-explicitAlleeeffectsininvadinggypsym distinguish betweencurrentyearandolderwaxm Lim this m relationship ofwaxm wax underadissectingm analysis software.W subsam m above thegroundandateachoffourcardina bark patches.W precise determ wax m density havereliedonsubjectiveclassification insect associatedwithbeechbarkdisease. Beech scale, Syracuse, NY College ofEnvironm Teale, S.A.,S.Letkowski,G.Matusick,D.Dieh Digital im or enhanceddependingon theregionofUnitedStatesinwhichgypsy m spatial andtem Program geographic regions.W effects playingypsym subject toAlleeeffects.W area. Oneim and coalescenceofisolatedcoloniesthatbecom eastern UnitedStates.Thespreadofgypsym years ago,andhasgraduallyexpandeditrange suchthatitnowoccupiesabouthalfofthe 501 ASIBuilding,Departm Departm Departm United StatesDepartm m m itations arethatitcanonlybeusedwhere acro lenstom e a ples oneachbarkpatchform thod isthatitdoesnotdisrupttheins sses. W from e e age andregressionanalysistoquantifyviablebeechscale nt ofBiology,University nt ofAgronom portant questionisthustheabilityof o 1996-2005,andobserved Cryptococcus fagisuga inations ofscaledensityatthe poral variability.Inparticular, that th, 1 e , Stef e developedam 4 rem Lymantria dispar

Comment citer cedocument: ental ScienceandForestry,StateUniversityofNewYork, a e a ke digitalim alsocountedindividual anie L.W oved 10xcm ss areawiththenum e e nt ofAgriculture,Forest analyzeddatacollectedunderthegypsym o y andSoils,UniversityofPuertoRico-Mayagüez,POBox9030, th dynam e e werem i nt ofEntom croscope. Regre h

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thod ofquantif ages ofeach i , wasintroducedinNorthAm ire cs, andin easuring theareaofeachwaxm o , (Hem tivated Louisiana, P.O.Box42451,Lafayette,LA 2 , DerekM.Johnson barkpa that thestrengthofAllee effectcanbesubjectto o logy, Pe Studiesinvolvingquantitativeestim ber of iptera: Margarodidae)isanon-nativeinvasive levels of by ourpreviousstudiesontherolethatAllee o the barkissm scale insectsbycarefullydissectingawaythe sam th l, D.Moore,S.Stehm l directions.W schem Service,NortheasternResearchStation,180 this study,quantifiedtheAlleeeffectover e ssion analysisrevealedastrongpositive tches withachainsawat0,1,and2m a thisstrengthappearsto be eitherm establishedaheadof ect oritsinteractionswiththehosttree. underlyingscaleinsects.Anadvantageof ying viablescaleinordertoprovidem sses. nnsylvania StateUniversity,University is largelythoughttobeduethegrowth p theseisolatedcoloniestopersistwhen le. W theindividualtreeandm e s basedonvisualinspectionofscale e 3 random , AndrewM.Liebhold ooth, andcarem e o usedaNikonD100with50 th populations ly selectedtwo1xcm erica approxim a a n, J.D.Castello. ss usingIm thegenerallyinf o th Slow-the-Spread o th isinvading. u st betakento o ates ofscale re localized ageJ im 1 , and a i tely 135 nim e e i sted 254 ters age zed o re

ated usinglatitudeandelevation, andsugge ating HostDistributionsforUseinFore en Connecticut, e ent forcontrollingtheHW e nt ofEntom nt Program previoustreatm ity tosoutherlym o th, 1 , KevinW Lymantria dispar 319,Beltsville,MD o 1 a Comment citer cedocument: , MichaelMontgom th spread.Theprinciplecont les. W 2 o Slow-the-Spread(STS) University ofMassachusetts,Am e e e e logy, VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversity,202Price thods. Classicalbiologi nt ofAgriculture,Forest nt ofAgriculture,Forest nt ofAgriculture,AgriculturalResearchService,InsectBiocontrol ation onthedistribution . e one isaeriallyapplied Thorpe e werem nts m onsoon trackswill

a , hasbeengraduallyexpandingitsrangeinNorthAm 2 y obfuscateour A, and,asthenativerangeof , KseniaTcheslavskaia o tivated byprelim a odels for e tely l ery nt ock W data, from 135yearsago.UndertheUSDACooperative 1 andW ign ExplorationforBiologicalControlAgents distribution ofhem t theirgrowthandcoalescence,whichcould ary controls, newdatacurrentlybeingacquiredby a oolly Adelgid( ting disruptiontreatm Service,NortheasternResearchStation,180 Service,NortheasternResearchStation, cal controlisoneoftheprim Program effects duetoenvironm Tsuga spp st additionalvariablesinclude slope,aspect, l com dge ofthedistributionhostspecies, ock ( areas beingexploredfornaturalenem ates hashighlightedtheneedforeffective to f rol tacticinSTSism of e further refinethedistribution estim interpretation of nhua Lu hem 1996-2004,todeterm b o inary fielddatathatsuggestedresidual ination withpreviousdatasourcesare liage tointerf Tsuga canadensis herst Massachusetts. , coloniesaheadofthepopulation l ock inChinaislim 3 . incentralandsouthernChina. , andLauraM.Blackburn 2

Adelges tsugae l ock onthelandscapecan be A. tsugae ere withthem theef e nts againstgypsy and ental persistenceof a ting disruption,in f includesm ine iftherewasa ect of ary toolsunder T. caroliniana ited. Toassist Annand),and thistactic. a le m 1

u ch of o erica ates. 255 th’s ies. ,

logist, USFS,RockyMountainResearchStation (retired), illion treessincebeingintroducedintoNorthAm thisresearchistoidentif its intheprecisionof positivebacteria.Toassessthecom in taughtandresearchedforesten al RNAgenesequence,whichindicat fourthinstarlarvaeandprepup erged adultbeetlescontainedm a s from gner o i l, 2:Dept.PlantPathol i ar 1,J.Handelsm sconsin, MadisonW p crobiota inthelifecycleofthisinsectisdiscussed. lishm in: ForestEntom 1 Comment citer cedocument: , KarenM.Clancy entiregutsoftenfourth ood-Boring InvasiveInsect,theEm ents inboththebasicand app e m odel usingadditiona e inary assays,isolatesof b characterizedbacterialisolatesbasedoncolonym Fairm ers of i sconsin

es adiet them a a thecom n 2,&K.F.Raffa.1 o ire (Coleoptera:Buprestid p stry, NorthernArizonaUniversity, -positive bacteria.Thedom logy Researcher,TeacherandMentor lished. This e y andch I ethylcellulose

m 2 , KennethF.Raffa b a ers ofthe com ps are l ock st m ae werem aracterize gutm unit p tom l analyticaltools(eg.CART,Random p fty ofseventy-fiveclonesderivedfrom extended thisknowledge todevelopingnations rised largelyofwood,butlittleisknownabout e lified from rts torecoverthelandscape from the resultofalackverificationdata,and instar larvae,tenprepupaeandfortynewly m interactions withhostplants atatim ands. Asthesebecom y, onlysixof o exotic beetleisnativetoAsiaandhaskilled ed thattheculturablecom b logy atUW Burkholderia cepacia γ in vitro. ers ofthe -Proteobacteria. Surprisingly,inlightof position of lied aspectsofhisscience. Hegenerated e m erald AshBorer 3

b DNAthatwasextracteddirectly ers oftheActinobacteriaandlow The potentialroleof i ae) initslarval,prepupaland crobial floraoftheem -Madison for30years.Hehad theclonesaf α inant speciesam theentirecom -, 3 Professor ofEntom β - and erica. W 2 Research e , andan available,theywill m γ -Proteobacteria, unity from f o iliate withthe rphology and ong bacteria m cellulolytic Erwinia decadesof e cultured unity, we erald ash Forest, o e when fourth logy guts 256 sp. Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). Kim Derodontidae) year differacrossthegeographic rangeofth area. W function ofthegrowth and coal one ofthem N. Am One exam Exotic invasivespeciesposeeconom Canfield Street,Morgantown,W Mayagüez, PR Departm 2 1 and m continue withexperim further understand prey, suggest nigrinus woolly adelgid, is todeterm field ofbiologicalcontrol.Forourpresent The ecological,evolutionary,andbehavioralaspect 1 Host tree-HW Entom industry aroundtheworld.Hisrecordsix went ontobecom inspiring teachertoundergraduates,andm Mainland Chinaatatim in AfricaandAsia,wasthefirstAm Stef Spatial patternsingrowthratesofinvadinggypsym tree-HW reared inthelaboratoryoneasternhem differences inhosttree-HW western UnitedStates.Researchapproaches com UnitedStatesDepartm Departm Departm anie L.W p b ared behavioralresponses erly W onthly gutanalysisof o erica sinceitsintroductionin1868or1869, logical SocietyofAm . Theseresults,inadditiontothelifehi A locationwithm e e nt ofForestScience,OregonStateUniversity,Corvallis,OR e havepreviouslyshown thatrates e ple isthegypsym nt ofBiologicalScience,Univers nt ofAgronom ine theroleof a llin, GlennKohler,TanyaLatty h A locationbehaviorofapredator, o L. nigrinus itm st destructiveexoticspeciesin Adelges tsugae ire L. nigrinus e Comment citer cedocument: aW 1 , PatrickC.Tobin e ntal labor e nt ofAgriculture,Fore e whenthatsocietywas m y andSoils,UniversityofPuertoRico-Mayagüez, POBox9030, ho’s W

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purpose, theprim e ity ofCalgary,Alberta,Canada erican ong fieldcaught 1 ntor of low-densitycolonypersistence from e expandingpopulation front. Inthisstudy,we , andDarrellRoss st entom ental oralternatenutritionalrequirem include laboratorystudiescom nd fieldcaughtversuslaboratoryreared theUnitedStates.Gypsym Laricobiusnigrinus st Service,NortheasternResearchStation,180 insuppressingpestpopulationsofhem onm students recognizedforexcellencebythe r resultsindicatesignificantvariationinhost ed over40graduatestudents.Hisstudents optera: Adelgidae)(HW A am stories ofanativepredatorandintroduced largely closedtowesterners.Danwasan L.,whichhasbeenexpandingitsrangein s of during whichithasgainedareputationas f o o ental consequencestonativeecosystem th populations rest entom o predationareof ong fieldcaught logy inacadem e nts, directobservationsinthefield, ary reasonforstudyingpredation incontrollingHW L. nigrinus o logist invitedtolecturein Fender(Coleoptera: interesttotheapplied ia, governm L. nigrinus . Inaddition,we A ) ineasternand o p th spreadisa aring m A, wewill e tothose year-to- e nts. To nt, and onthly l 257 ock L. s . Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). ( 1 perform antennally activecom provide thelong-rangecuesforhostlocation The olfactorycuesem Asian Longhornbeetles(ALB)hostselectionism Jacob D.W glabripennis Volatile profilesofhostsvs.non-hoststheAsianLonghornbeetle, of landscapevariablestoascertainpatternsspatialcross-correlation. Lastly, weexploredthespatialrelationshipsbetweengypsym Growth rateswerealsospatiallyautocorrelate front, withhighergrowthratesinW Program collected from exam oaks inconjunctionwith asevereinfestationofthegallwasp poster presentsprelim (southeastern AR,northeastern LA)hasbeen Recurring m Jam Northeastern Louisiana) Sacken) (hornedoakgall)intheOuachitaRiver Floodplain (SoutheasternArkansas, Mortality of these findingsm with theexceptionoffarnesene.Althoughvisu contained octanal,nonanal,decanal,delta-3-caren nigra collected onSuper-Qadsorbent.Inaseparate species, Ailanthus aldehydes, andm (m using solidphasem induced bym cis-2-hexanal with m nonanal, decanal,cam Acer pennsylvanicum) USDA ForestService,HealthProtecti a anually dam le ALBantennaedetectedthesesam e s D.Sm ined growthratesofgypsym x e P. maximowizii from d in situ i

ckham (Coleoptera:Ceram Quercus phellos o ith a 1996-2004.Ourresultsindicateth rtality of nual dam pherom 1 a a , W ged andMeJAtreated) y uncovertheolfactorybasisforhostdiscrim onthreehosttreespecies:SugarMaple( ono- andsequiterpenes,including

( andStephenA.Teale Ailanthus ailanthus) i illiam Comment citer cedocument: A. ailanthus croextraction (SPME).GC-M inary findingsfrom phene, delta-3-carene,tr pounds m , andHorsechesnut

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cis-2-hexanal, cis-3-hexen-1-ol,octanal, e P. calleryana nt, clonesofapoplarhybrid( Pyrus calleryana Acer saccharum lab andvolatileproductionwere i o nation. Callirhytis cornigera ent. Volatileswerecollected th growthratesandavariety Callirhytis cornigera sharedonlyhexanaland ), andtwonon-hoststree Anoplophora i nation. Aerationswere A. ailanthus o th Slow-the-Spread volatiles(GLVs), o ). Volatileswere ), StripedMaple rtality inwillow sam (Otsen (Otsen p 258 les a e P. y d

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). environm gland cellsthatareessentialtotheadaptati W m resulting hyphalm within thephloem to anewhostwherethesym control ofsecretionsfrom called them Entom m seeking genom southern forests.Becauseitisdifficultto Curculionidae: Scolytinae),isthem The southernpinebarkbeetle(SPB),De 39762. Phone:(662)3252795,E-m Cetin Yuceer,MississippiStateUniversity, [email protected]. Shreveport Highway,Pineville,LA71360.Phone:(318)4737232,E-m Kier D.Klepzig,USDAForestService, enebeker@entom Plant Pathology,POBox9775,MS39762.Phone:(662)3252984,E-m T. EvanNebeker,MississippiStateUniv 39762. Phone:(662)3258359,E-m Olga Pechanova,MississippiStateUniversit SOUTHERN PINEBARKBEETLEMYCANGIALGLANDS PROTEOMICS APPROACHFORIDENTIFYINGMOLECULARTARGETSINTHE declining standsbothwithandwithoutgallinfestationsareevident. also withintheOuachitaRiverfloodplain,in role. Sim construction forwaterwaycom flooding. Floodinghasbecom contributing totherecentm floodplain (AshleyandUnionCos.,AR).Thegallwa Managem Arkansas Departm Forest HealthProtection(SouthernRegion,Alex Sacken) (hornedoakgall).TheevaluationisbeingconductedbytheUSDAForestService, y u e cangium tualism havetakenaproteom o corticium ilar m ent. W e withtwospeciesoffungithat nt Area(W servesasam y cangium ics solutionsforthem o e rtality alsohasbeenobser willpresentourapproachandf sp.A.Theadultf ology.m ofpinetreesduringovipos e a nt ofGam ss providesessentialnutrients Comment citer cedocument: . Fungifrom MA). TheW sstate.edu. them e i dium o cs approachforidentifyingm rtality; otherfactor b e m iotic fungiarere y andFish, e

toculturethefungiandtransportthem e cangial glandce m rce. Adverseso thesurroundi M a a o e il: [email protected] il: m o m st econom A isinsouth a re prolonged nagem a Southern ResearchStation(SRS-4501),2500 le SPB ersity, Departm c [email protected] control theSPBbyconventionalm ved ontheD’ArbonneNationalW Departm on theBerylAnthony-LowerOuachitaW y, Departm ndroctonus frontalisZim on ofthetwospecificfungiintom e nt possessesaprothoraciccuticularinvagination ica s includealternatinginstancesofdroughtand ition. Fungiproliferateinthewoodand ng hosttissueenterthem OuachitaandUnionParishes,LA.Here, i of theSPB.Thefem andria FieldOffice),incooperationwiththe leased from ndings. lls, andtheyproliferate.Thebeetlem sstate.edu. il characteristicsalsoarebelievedtoplaya areCeratocystiopsisranaculosusand lly andecologicallyim eastern ArkansaswithintheOuachitaRiver as foodforlarvae.Theseindicatethatthe sstate.edu. e in som nt ofForestry,POBox9681,MS sp isoneofseveralfactorssuspected e e nt ofForestry,POBox9681,MS nt ofEntom o lecular targetsinthem e them areasduetolockanddam y o cangium a logy and m le SPBhasanobligate a a il: e il: intonewhosttrees. portant insectpestof rm y cangium ann (Coleoptera: andinoculated e ildlife Refuge, thods, weare underthe y y cangial cangial i grates ildlife 259

ating theSpatialUncertaintyof e ters. ati ons averagedfrom ta hasthepotentialofdetectingandquantifying

r canbeassessedviaacom urbance agents.Antecedenttosuchefforts, to becom ofthedataset.Positionalandshape rest, Pike/SanIsabelNationalForests,and ithin aspatialRISlayerwhereDouglas-fir e expressedasa“standarderrordistance”. p aratively negligible.Hence,by 1994-2005are,respectively, anAerialDetectionSurvey inant hosttype, p arison witha 260

Comment citer cedocument:

STUDENT POSTERS

261 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, ( hazards. Com Dwarf Russell D.Beam Colorado’s NorthernFrontRangePonderosaPine Stand CharacteristicsandFuelLoadsofDwarfMistletoeMountainPineBeetlein f forests withBBD.TheseresultsindicatethatBBD species thatutilizebeechand/orm without BBD.Groundbeetleswerelessabundantat without BBD.Barkbeetlesweresignificantlyle to captureground-dwellinginsects,andblacklighttrapsm intercept paneltrapsbaitedwithethanoltocapture infesting insects(2003-2005),ground-dwellingins indirect im subsp. c Am beech barkdisease(BBD).BBDisaninvasivecom better understandingoftheseindirectim Indirect im School ofForestResourcesandEnvironm Brian L.BeachyandAndrewJ.Storer Peninsula ofMichigan Changes ininsectcom fire potentialininfestedstands. will helpdeterm what degree,thesedisturbancesinfluencestand ch were m W determ Canyon LakesRangerDistrict,RooseveltNa infestations. Thirty-onetransects,each Front RangeofColoradoweresurveyedinareas withdwarfm separately infestedstands.Thestandstructurea m behavior, ascom o Pinus ponderosa "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). ountain pinebeetleactivityshouldhavediffere rest insecttaxa,andthisinturnwillaf ithin the91treeplots(0.04hectare)wheresta erican beech( m ine theextentandintensityofdwarf easured usingm ryptopodum i stletoe andbarkbeetleinf pacts ofBBDonseveralinsect pacts ofnon-nativeorganism m ine thepotential , Jennif p on assum var. ared toun-infestedstands.Fu Fagus grandifolia ) orm m Comment citer cedocument: e odif scopulorum unities asindirectim r G.Klutsch,W p ountain pinebeetle( tions m i ed Brown’stransects. surface firebehavior,torchingpotentialandindependent crown a

a ) inf ple asalarv ) ininfectedstands.From e intain thatcer stations ar f s onforest ect m illiam e pacts, we ental sted withdwarf 1500m groups duringthesum pacts easures of R.Jacobi,&JoséF.Negrón Science, MichiganTechnologicalUniversity nd fuelloadsinthepondero m al hostplantweresignificantlylessabundantin e suspectedtochangefuelcom rtherm tional ForestthroughtheSum inlength,wereestablishedthroughoutthe i Dendroctonus ponderosae ss abundantatsiteswithBBDthan stletoe andm ects, andm nd characteristicswererecorded,fuellevels barkandwood-infestinginsects,pitfalltraps nt fuellevelsandstandcharacteristicsthan ishavingnegativeindirectim biodiversityarerarelyquantified.Togaina m Thedatacollectedwilltestwhether,andto of beechbarkdiseaseinforeststheUpper tain standcharacteristicsinponderosapine aracteristics. Aswell,firebehaviorm diseasedsitesin2005.Also,severalm easured insectcom ore, standswithbothdwarfm f o m rest biodiversity. p lex thatcancausehighm i stletoe ( o i ths (2004,2005).W 2003-2005,wehaveexam stletoe andm ountain pinebeetlepopulations. m e r m Arceuthobium vaginatum o onths: barkandwood- m ths atsiteswithand unities inrelationto sa pineforestsofthe ) shouldalterfire ountain pinebeetle p pacts onsom m lexes andfire e e usedflight i r 2005,to stletoe and o rtality of odels ined 262 o th e

y becriticaltofungaldissem C. W o a e p st containedrelativelyfewwhencom 1 in fungalassociatesofm nt. Twotreatm e ared totheotheronexoskeleton.Ourresults suggestthefollowing:(1) , DianaL.Six a ntous fungalassociates.W e yne Berisford,MarkDalusky nt. Comment citer cedocument: ine optim m i nim b a e m y ionts bytheMountainPineBeetle o ine ifm y supportthegerm cangial openings.Y th ( i zing nontargeteff easurem ethrin insecticides.However,risingsocietalconcernsdem y LastCall Rhyacionia frustrana cangia. W e entally frie 1 al applicationrates. nts wasdeterm , CarolLauzon y

e cangia andelytralpitsareredundantinthetransport ofthe nts showedsubstantialvolum e forthem p ents. Alltr ts toaddr ™ weretestedinloblollypineplantationstheGeorgia i e , andelytra.W ountain nation bythem ndly, cost-effectivepestcontroloptions. usedscanningelectronm erge nia StateUniversity,EastBay,HaywardCA inati o e th control foundyeasts,conidia(asexualspores),and easts andconidiawerealsofoundonthe 2 ined byquantifyingshootdam d m ess theenvironm o andSarahPotter ects suchasresiduesinsurface,soiland try practiceforcontrollingtipm encapsulating bothpherom eated plotshadsignificantlylessdam st intensivetreatm intheareatreatedandperacrerateof on andgrowthofthefungi.Futureworkwill dam pine beetlearedifferentiallyvectoredinthe ountain pinebeetlesforthepresenceof Applicationswerem ) isasignificantpestofpineplantationsin a p ge inthefirstgenerationform ared toelytralpitsonsom h h ountain pinebeetle;and(2)m ile som ile yeastsandconidiawerecom e 2 ental concernsbyelim barkbeetlestransport

e differencescom e i croscopy toexam nt anda13%gaininthe a de tocontrolthef one andinsecticide a ge andpre- e non- o th includes LastCall ine p y a ared to ge than cangia inating a m nd an on 263 i o rst ™ st Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, spillover from also bringtolightanew ques diverse selectionofstandsinlaterstages.T use variesfrom significantly higherorlowerproportionthanwas av suggest thathabitatusageisnotrandom progression forhabitatpreferenceinrelationto evaluate thehabitatuseforeachstepofth suitability f inventory inform data ofnorth-westernQuebecforthe1998-2003 epidem little researchhasbeendonetocharacterisethe hab specifically, thekindsoffoodsitconsum Central tothestudyofanim Université duQuébecenOutaouais(UQO) Institut Québecoisd’Am Université duQuébecàMontréal(UQAM) Charbonneau D.,Lorenzetti,F.,Doyon,Mauffette,Y. Quebec Habitat usageoftheforesttentcaterpillar(L genetic datawillbenecessarytoelucidatethegeographicorigin(s)ofNorthAm EAB, existsinSouthKoreanpopulations.In Am EAB from showed thatEABindividualsfrom from from from and fiveuniqueCOIsequencesfrom Mitochondrial cytochrom and toidentif Am assess thegeneticstructureofEABpopulationsa sequencing andanalysisofam Em Michigan StateUniversity Alicia M.Bray,RobertA.Haack,LeahS.Bauer,TheresePoland,Jam Invasion GeneticsofEm "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). erald ashborer(EAB)wasdetectedin erican EABsincethecom erica’s EABpopulations.Theseanalyses thesesam thecom thecom SouthKorea.However,Korea o r thef y geographiclocalitiesof m m “ideal”habitatsasthedensity oftheinsectpopulationincreasesandresources per astrongpreferenceforaspendom on sequenceby2-4nucleotides.Inaddition,asingleEABfrom e on sequenceby22nucleotidecha EABindividuals.Neighbor-joi ation, thegoalsofthisstudyar o rest tentcaterpillar,regardless Comment citer cedocument: énagem erald AshBorer( e oxidaseI(COI)seque m al ecologyisthe on m tion, whethertheprogression ofhabitatusageistheresult plified fragm ent delaForêtFeuillue(IQAFF) MIclusterm

individuals t DNA sequence potentialbiocontrolagents. es andthevarietiesofhabitatsitoccupiesyet,very Agrilus planipennis ascer epidoptera: Lasiocam hough theresultsconform e nt Michigan andCanadain2002.m creased Asiansam will helpunderstandinvasiondynam e epidem o lengthpolym nd toestim in twopopulationsSouthKoreathatdiffered e (1)togainabetterunderstandingofhabitat re the stageof usage ananim nces (485bp)yieldedonecom ning analysisofthe139-bandAFLPdataset inated standsearlyintheepidem of nges (3.7%).AFLPprofileswereobtained of itats offorestinsects.Basedonaerialsurvey tain typesofhabitatweredefoliatedina cannot beruled-outastheoriginofNorth ailable withinthestudyareaandthathabitat thephaseof shared byallChineseandNorthAm ten withindividualsf ic offoresttentcaterpillarandon ic therebyattem ate thegeographicorigin(s)ofNorth Fairm theepidem orphism al m pidae) inNorth-W p theepidem ling andadditionalm a ire) inNorthAm e a toourexpectations,they s J.Sm kes ofit’senvironm s (AFLPs)wereusedto ic. Prelim p r om ting toestablisha ic cycle,and(2)to ith erican EAB. Chinathanwith Japandiffered m on haplotype e inary results ic toam t stern i DNA gene erica cs ofEAB o lecular erican 264 ent: o re Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, com results suggestadditionalm dom dom and severaloakspeciesintheseedling,sapling, a regeneration. RevegetationofSPB-im Ef predict futureforesttypes. and standsuccession.Thesouthernvariantof oak, processes couldbedocum plots inSPB-im pine m suffered stand-alteringm 2002 nearly100%ofthepineforesttypein During thesouthernpinebeetle(SPB), University ofKentucky AJ Cooper,Tom beetle disturbance From processes, nutrientcycling,andsuccessionaltrajectoriesinforestecosystem fire salvageloggingwillnotonlyim nutrients from logging onsaproxylic(deadwood-associated)beetle and aseriesoffieldlaboratoryexperim develop effectivem present, however,theecologicalim predicted increasesinwildf In NorthAm University ofAlberta Tyler P.Cobb,JohnR.Spence,andDavidW ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONINTHEBOREAL POST-W different phasesofanepidem individual decreaseortheresultofaspatialdynam "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). f ected standsshowedasignif ponent. inated byoak.TheForestVegetationSim inated standstowhiteoak/redhickor Quercus thegroundup:W o rtality socom ILDFIRE SALVAGELOGGINGTHREATENSBIODIVERSITYAND spp.,standswithandwithoutprescribedfireto surveywoodyplantcom fire-killedtrees.Ourresultssuggestthatcontinuedeconom erica, risingeconom W p acted foreststandsinKentuc . Colem a nagem p Comment citer cedocument: oody vegetationcom lete, thedynam o ented. rtality. Becauserecurre a i e re activityhaveincr n, LynneRieske-Kinney nt guidelinesortoad ic. a nagem i cant lossof W

ic dem e plications ofthispracticearetoopoorlyunderstoodto evaluatedshortleafpine, e nt isneed p i Dendroctonus frontalis cs ofrevegetationareunpredictable.W acted pact bi a position andsuccessionfollowingsouthernpine nds forforestresourcesalongwithcurrentand . e Langor pine standsisdom nts, y andm u KentuckyandtheCum lator eased pressuretosalvagelogburnedforests.At odiversity, butwillalsoalterdecom ky sothatnaturalandm the ForestVegetationSim weexam nd m equately inform ed tom inthem nce ofSPBintheregionisinfrequent,and i c ofm s andtheirecologicalfunctioninrecycling forecasts shiftsfrom i xed uplandhardwoodforesttypes.Initial i dstory strata,andtheoverstorystratais ovem ined theeffectsofpost-firesalvage a i inated byredm intain thedesiredshortleafpine d- andoverstorystrata,withlittle Zim P. echinata e nt throughdifferenthabitatsat policy.Usingfieldsurveys m e rm b pine-dom erland Plateauregion an, outbreakof1999- s. ic em a , andshortleafpine/ naged reforestation u a ple, lator wasusedto phasis onpost- Acer rubrum e inated orco- established position position 265 , Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, been conducted.Resultsanddiscussionofthese studiesarepresented. only afewredoakboreradultsinthefield.Prelim Lures chargedwith2S,3S-hexanedioland 3R described. Bioassayswereperform hexanediol and2S,3R-hexanediol.Asequence of series oflurestoconfirm m survey m recognition m of ArkansasandMissouri.Investigatingsem identified asacontributingfactor Red oakborer, University of Dahl, T.,E.Lacey recognition Red oakborersem northern beetlesm but broodproduction(pupalcham stands thaninsouthernstands.Attackdensities sum Several im on boththenorthandsouthaspectsalongattackedportionofbole. beetle attackheight,andproductivity trees werefelled,175inthenorth,88s and fiveinsoutheasternBC.Bothregionswe Ten lodgepolepinestandsweresam insect-host relationshipsduringanepidem epidem recorded history.Thisoutbreakprovidesa The currentm University of Tim during anepidem Geographic differencesinlodgepolepine-m "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). a te recognitionandm Cudm m e r offieldsam ic ofthism

e thod forredoakborer.Theobjectivesofth ore andStaffanLindgren portant differencesbetweenthetwoge NorthernBritishColum Arkansas-Fayetteville a ountain pinebeetleoutbreakinnor y provideinsightintohostselection , L.Hanks,J.Millar.andF.M.Stephen. ic a Enaphalodes rufulus a i ochem y utilizetheirhostm gnitude andathigherlatitude p ling. Attackheightsforall Comment citer cedocument: a ting behaviorsarem i attractiontoan cals: prelim inanoakdeclineeventoccurringtheOzarkNationalForests ber density)wasgreat

e p d toconfir b led inthe inary investigationofcuesform ia o re ef (Haldem ic differbetweennorthernandsouthernBC. isolated syntheticredoakborercom ountain pi unique opportunitytostudypopulationsduringan f outh. Eachfelledtreewassam i e ciently thansouthernbeetles. re experiencingMPBepidem m sum i diat were lowerinnorthernstandsthanthesouth, densities werem ochem s. Thisstudywasconductedtoinvestigatehow tree sizesweresignificantlygreaterinnorthern theroleofcuticularhydrocarbonrecognition. ographic regionshaveem a fixedactionpatternsinm and perm th-central BritishColum n) (Coleoptera:Ceram ed bycontactpherom m -hexanediol inflightintercepttrapscaught

inary electroantennographicanalyseshave is researchweretwofold:1)todeterm ne beetleinteractionsinBritishColum e r of2005,fivestandsinnorth-centralBC i cals associatedwithm er. Ourprelim it thedevelopm easured at3equidistantheights a inary resultsindicatethat te locationand ones, and2)totesta ent ofacostefficient bycidae), hasbeen b erged from ics. Atotalof263 a ia isthelargestin p ting behaviorwas led form a te locationand pound, 2S,3S- ourfirst a xim ine if b 266 ia u m

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, 1 Morgantown,W 37996 associated witheasternhem A projectwasinitiatedtodeterm 3 2 University ofTennessee C. Dilling canadensis (L.) Guild structureandcom will bequantif analysis, andm scale inthecentralAppalachians.In2006- habitat. Futureresearchwillinvestigatepoten woody stem plants andlandscapepositionm (size classoftim roost location.Conversely,m richness thanforestedandedgehabitats.Differe fields yieldedsignificantly( fragm during May-August2005nearroostsitesintwo the Ozarkbig-earedbat( landscape scale.W It isnotfullyunderstoodhowthelepidopteranpr Departm Luke E.Dodd,MichaelJ.Lacki,andLynneK.Rieske-Kinney. Im Variation inLepidopteranCom within theseguildstructureswerealsodeterm feeders, pollenandseed eastern hem groups com were m Phytophagous, predaceous,scavenger,parasitoid, USDAForestService,HealthTec Departm "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). USDA ForestService,HealthProt plications f e nted landscapeandaforestedlandscape.Inthe agriculturallyfragm a e de forspeciescollectedusingbeatsheet nts ofEntom 1 e , P.L.Lam nt ofEntom p s, thoughcom l rised 50%,14%,25%,3%,1%,and6%re ock. Phytophagousinsectsweres o ied inrelationtosilvicultural prescriptions. r Forest-dwellingBatsineasternNorthAm inthesouthernAppalachians. o V 26505 th surveyswillbeconducted,and ber), butdidvarybyroostlo e investigatedchangesinm bdin o o Comment citer cedocument: logy andForestry,UniversityofKentucky position ofarthropodsassociatedwitheasternhem

logy andPlantPathology,UniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,TN Corynorhinus townsendiiingens 1 , J.F.Grant m on (n>100)m o P l m th assem ock, a <0.05) lowerm y bem unities AcrossLandscapes– feeders. Thepercentexoticandindigenousstatusesforspecies ine guildst

Tsuga canadensis 1 , S.Buck o b re im lages in hnology EnterpriseTeam ection, 200W o ructure andcom th fam ined. portant 2008, m tial predator-preypatternsonabroaderregional o 1 cation. Patternssuggestthatdiversityofwoody , R.Reardon th o nces inm fungivorous anddetrivorousguildassignm forested landscapesdidnotvarybystandage th abundance,speciesrichness,andfam availabilityof , sweepnets,m the responseofm ubdivided intochewers,sapsuckers,flower ey baseofforest-dwellingbatsvariesona ilies variedintheirrespectiveselectionof landscapes inArkansas:anagriculturally toentirem spectively, ofthespeciesassociatedwith i (L.),inthesouthernAppalachians. eaver Boulevard,Asheville,NC28804 st netting,echolocationsurveys,fecal ). Habitatsweresam erica o 2 th assem , andR.Rhea position am o anendangeredm a th assem laise andpitf , 180CanfieldStreet, o ths andforest-dwellingbats b lages werenotrelatedto ong 300insectspecies l b ock 3 lages thandensityof e nted landscape,old p led vialighttraps Tsuga all traps.These o th specialist, ents 267 ily

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, W System Virginia TechDept.ofEntom B. M.Eisenback,S.Salom two predatorsofhem Lethal andsublethaleffectsofim sm enable thegeneticdiversityofashtobeoptim trees shouldbecutinordertom Forest resourcem related totheam others involvingtreevigor,form tree andtheestim suggest astrongrelationshipbetweendiam outlier populationswillreducethepopulationdensityof diam develop inthephloem are apparentlysusceptibletoattackandcanbe Michigan, IndianaandOhio.At The exoticem School ofForestResourcesandEnvironm Tara L.Eberhart,AndrewJ.Storer,andLindaM.Nagel Light inModelingPhloem Living withEm the environm data.This postersum larger thenthesouthernpinebeetlesrangewhileothersvarybelowofavailable operate, arethescalesm form infested counties,refugecreatingdisturbance scale ofvariousfactorsaffectingpopulationsisn In ordertom Departm Adrian Duehl The SpatialRelationshipsofSouthernPineB "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). oolly Adelgid(Hem all treesinthef theenvironm eter. Rem ic injectionsof e nt OfEntom odel SouthernPineBeetlepopulati ental backbonetoapopulationm erald ashborer, erald AshBorer:TheRelati oval ofashfrom ount ofphloem ated am a o nagers willbeabletouseth rest. ent withinwhichpopulations s l uptheprelim ock woollyadelgid o im Comment citer cedocument: logy, NorthCarolinaStateUniversity iptera: Adelgidae).Two predators, ofashtreesinstem odeling effortsm ount ofphloem idacloprid arethem Reduction o , L.T.Kok logy Agrilus planipennis inaforeststand. highpriorityareassuchasthosestandsincloseproxim highpopulationdensities,allgreen,black,andwhiteashtrees idacloprid on , andgrowingc eet prescribedashphloem inary analysis

throughoutth ental Science,MichiganTechnologicalUniversity u eter at onship betweenDiam st in eetle InfestationsandEnvironm odel. o s Laricobius nigrinus ized inlightofashreductioneffortsbyretaining st ons, anunderstandingofthespatialstructureand patterns, andtopographicclim is m corporate. Som ecessary. Thetim and branchesaboveapproxim widelyusedtechnique for controlofHem breastheightandcalculatedsurfaceareaofthe of thespatialandtem expectedtodie.Em onditions, arebeingintegratedintoam , (Coleoptera:Buprestidae) develop. Thescalesatwhichthesefactors odel todeterm e tree.Theserelationships,inadditionto thisinsect.Measurem reductiontargets.Thiswillalso Laricobius nigrinus e eter, CanopyPosition,and variablesoperateoverregions e seriesspatialrelationshipsof and ine thesizeabovewhichall poral processeswhichare Sasajiscymnus tsugae erald ashborerlarvae ental Features , isestablishedin a ents ofashtrees tely 2.5cm (Coleoptera: atic features ity to l odel 268 ock , in Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, concentration andm spasm treated withim hem released asbiologicalcontrolagentsofthepest Derodontidae) and respectively. Therewasnocontrolm was from m Understanding relativecosts ofm differential resourceavailability, probabilityof of thelandscape,i.e.,are som poorly understood.Inparticular,it The m Departm Carolyn FoleyandJeffreyD.Holland landscape? How doesthered-headedashborer, m not phloem concentrations inClassItreescom m profiles andpeakareaanalysisrevealedth differences inm insertion. ClassItreeshadlowerphloem and fourweekspost-initiationofthreetreatm protein-binding capacity(PBC)werem inf significantly highercallousform three redoakborerinfestationhistoryclasses. Arkansas. Potentialdefensem m Red oakborer, University ofArkansas M.K. Fierke,J.B.Murphy,F.M.Stephen Oak DefensesAgainstRedBorer tem Mortality increasedovertim "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). a easured chem echanically woundedandlarvalinsertionsa o e jor contributortohighle rtality athighertem p station) treeswereinterm l eratures. ock woollyadelgidpopulationsthatwere s ovem , andparalysis.Bothbeetlespecies e nt ofEntom 45-76%. m e nt oflonghornbeetles(Coleoptera:Ce o ical defenseswerehigherinhealthytreesvs.decliningtrees. isture, m idacloprid. Bothbeetlespecies Enaphalodes rufulus easured potentialdefensesam S. tsugae Sasajiscymnus tsugae o o logy, PurdueUniversity rtality. Tem p Comment citer cedocument: eratures. At4ºC, a y beatreedefensem vels ofnorthernredoak, m e ateachconcentration,withm ediate. Phloem e echanism typesofland ation thanClassIII(highinfestation)trees.II(m o rtality rangedfrom ovem p

is notknownhowadultsinthisfam ared toCl Neoclytus a.acuminatus (Haldem p erature wa easured e o nt m s L. nigrinus rtality except were (Col:Coccinellidae),arebeingm m a ass IIandClassIIItrees.Callousovergrowth,but o ong a (innerbark)m y be also exhibitedadose-dependantrelationshipof is n), isanativewood- . Inlaboratorybioassays,predatoradultsfedon e in phloem cover easiertoflythrough thanothersdueto exhibitedsublethaleffectssuchastwitching, ree com investigated innorthernredoaksgroupedinto ech nt ture, TPandPBC.Therewerenosignificant m m surviving onhem s asignificantfactor,w ClassI(lowinfestationhistory)treeshad the threetreatm s: control,m ram p o particularly im anism Quercus rubra les, butnonewerepresentorinhigher m rtality, orphysicalbarriers tom 33-48% bycidae) betweenforesthabitatpatchesis o S. tsugae rtality rangedf pounds inhigherconcentrations againstredoakborer.Noneofthe sam (Fabricius), perceiveafragm o p and 25-100%at1220ºC, isture, totalphenolics(TP)and les rem echanical woundingandlarval o re rapidratesatthewarm had25%m e portant inareaswheref L.,m nts. HPLCyieldedphenolic l boring beetleindictedasa ock branchessystem r oved oneday,week ily utilizedifferentparts om o rtality innorthwestern 4-45%,andat12ºit ith greaterpredator o a rtality at20ºC. ss rearedand ovem oderate e ically nted o 269 e rest nt. er

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, of thesizeandlocation of adultbeechwithin0.27 spatially explicitm relationship hasbeenhistorically difficultto invokes positivefeedbackbetweenthedisease introduction. Anenduringhypothesisthatcoul beech ( replacem reduced annualgrowthrate(GavinandPeart northeastern NorthAm coccinea Cryptococcus fagisuga Beech barkdisease(BBD),aninsect-fungaldi 5 4 3 1, Authors: JeffGarnas northeastern NorthAm Modeling theinfluenceofbeechbarkdiseaseonrootsproutregenerationinhardwoodforests resources providesbaselinedataaheadofthethreatem of ashinrecreationalareasdifferenttypes throughout theUpperPeninsulaofMichigan.There continuing. Insum firewood pilesatcam established asaresultofthem ash borerinfestingstandingtreesintheUpperPeninsula,andthispopulationwaslikely Park attheeasternendofUpperPeninsula resources inlowerMichigan.Infallof2005we The exoticem Michigan TechnologicalUniversitySchoolof Janet L.Frederick,AndrewJ.Storer,JessicaA.MetzgerandJohnW Condition ofAshResourcesinRecreationalAreasMichigan’sUpperPeninsula outline plansf 2005. W prelim types oflandcoverforthered-headedashborer Inform patches arehighlyfragm USDAForestServiceRetired,Danville,VT USDAForestService,BurlingtonVT AdirondackW "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). 2 EcologyandEvolutionaryBiol inary resultsfrom ation System Fagus e var. ent bycom alsosuggesthowthism

o grandifolia erald ashborer( r f fagisuga a tershed Institute,PaulSm u ture work. odel predictingrootsprout di m (ArcGIS9.1™)toexam p 1 e pgrounds throughoutthestateha , MatthewAyres etitor species(LeGuerri r of2005weevaluatedthec erica Comment citer cedocument: erica. Despitesustained Lindinger(Hom (Ascom asurveyconductedth Ehrl.)rem e nted. W Agrilus planipennis ovem ycota: Nectriaceae),isnowendem ogy, Dartm e

thod canbead a e ins anim areusingth e 2 , CeliaEvans nt ofinfestedfirewoodornurserystock.Inspection iths College,PaulSm optera: Eriococcidae)and(prim outh College,Hanover,NH and ofdifferingownerships.Theconditionthese ine Forest ResourcesandEnvironm test (Houston1979).W er 2003,TweryandPatterson1984),Am 1993), andm portant fore roughout thestateofIndianainsum Neoclytus a.acuminatus stribution inclosedcanopy standsasafunction Michigan.Thiswasthefirstrecordofem sease com elevated adultm the relativecostsofm confirm d resolvetheparadoxofbeechpersistence ondition ofashresourcesatrecreationalsites ) iscausingm apted tosuitotherspeciesoflonghorns,and hectare plots.W and rootsproutregeneration,thoughthis 3 e least-costpathtoolinaGeographical sults ofthissurveyindicatetheprevalence , MaryTwery s shownthatm erald ashborer. e d em st com p odels andem lex com erald ashboreratBrim iths, NY o ponent 116yearsafterBBD’s o rtality of 4 rtality (Houstonetal1975), andDavidHouston e ovem m p rised ofthescaleinsect e itter odify thesefunctionsby presentaprobabilistic, (Fabricius).W i oving throughdifferent c throughoutm pirical datapredicting e nt ofashfirewoodis ash( ental Science a rily) Fraxinus Neonectria e ley State 5

present m o erican st of erald e spp.) r of 270

ze theirim light innorthernArizonawillaidm onitored f m Ips e m z tem daytim 2 e a p ent ofasubm

andMichaelR.W y nt of odels usingBayesianInform jority of pini erature thresholdsforsouthwesternponderosapinebarkbeetles cangium Dendroctonus frontalis p , erature requirem Forestry,Mississippi I. latidens sp. o 1 e tem sp. pact onpredatorpopulations. , CetinYuceer r threeyearsatm 1 barkbeetlef , KellyW ine theoptim s willbeinterpretedas intheexoskeletonofitsb A A , am Comment citer cedocument: isoneoftwofungiwhichare p p erged culturesystem eratures exceeded15°C. lex intheponderosapineforestsofnorthernArizonaincludes, , , for u I. lecontei D. frontalis, tualistic fungalassociateofthesouthernpinebeetle illiam a gner e Entomocorticium 1 light begins Ophiostoma ranaculosum nt. Determ , KierKlepzig al tim

infection andseverityatthetreestandlevel,com s

ese fungitothisspecialized structure.Thelackofareliable , them 2 , RichardW u State University,Starkville,MSUSA , ltiple eleva I. knausi ation Crite ing for

p light D. ponderosae a a erature lim jor pestofconiferousforeststhesouthernUnited nagers form Enoclerus whendaytim upport foralinkagebetweenBBDseverityandroot ining e in severalspeciesisdeterm nts. 2 inliquidm and eetle host.Ourlongterm bark beetlem . Herewereportthedevelopm . tions innorthernArizona.Ourdataindicates Hofstetter Temnochila chlorodia ria values.Asignificantm a inpredictingtheonsetandcessationof the tem Daytim pping theproteom sp. Beetleflightandam I. calligraphus its forflightactivitythem sp.and

A obligately m hasbeenanim , e m p e m , istransportedinayeast-likef D. adjunctus e erature thresholdnecessaryforbark 1 dium , JoelD.McMillin a a onitoring, pherom xim Elacatis xim . W u u . Studiesconductedinother m u m e e tualistic withthesouthern tem of tem foundthatcornm f sp. werecapturedwhen , goalistoidentifythe light isinitiatedwhen bient airtem p D. approximatus, pedim p eratures arebetween ined prim eratures inourarea odel containingone a 3 ent ofan y helpm , Tom one treatm e nt toreliable

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271 rm are D. , Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, liquid m (yeast extract)sources,andanincreasedpHledto is thebestculturebaseforthism traps m twelve 10-hectaretreatm In 2004and2005,pre-treatm m diversity innaturallyregeneratedredpine, This projectisstudyingtheeff Michigan TechnologicalUniversity Rita M.Koch,LindaHaugen,Nagel, Pathogens, MuskratLakes,Michigan Prescribed FireandMechanicalTreatm This suggestsm heartwood gallerydensityisgreatestonridges. Measures weretakentoshowrelationshipsbetweenredoakborerand positively identif species of occurrence intheArkansasOzarks.Molecula suitable forthegrowthofotherfungi( starch foreffectiveliquidculturingof engraver ( treatm harvested infall2005,andprescribedfiretr health andunderstoryvegetationdatawere co Pitfall trapswereusedtoassessthediversity m facing andwest-facingslopes. dead trees.Significantdifferencesweref developed thatestim oak borerisim Oak declineisofm University ofArkansas,Departm M. BrentKelleyandFredStephen m Red oakborer, this forest-dam ( Dendroctonus valens "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). echanical harvestingonlyandcom o o rtality innorthernArkansasf rtality inotherdeclineevents.Nodocum e nt datawillbecollected insum easured thepresenceofshootblightfungiin the genera e dium Ips pini Armillaria (ME aging insect. Enaphalodes rufulus o plicated asthem ied f re redoakborerintreeswhen ), redpineconebeetle ( + a ) atpH9.0thatcontains0.4%cornm ates thenum jor concernintheOzarkNa presentinthisarea. r om ) willbeevaluatedthroughout eachtreatm Comment citer cedocument: e threedif nt areas.Alltreesin e nt datawerecollected ects offireandharvestingoninsects,pathogens, andunderstory o Armillaria e rests nt ofEntom ber ofredoakborerheartwoodgalleries,andwasappliedto a e f jor contribu

e dium (Haldem b rent landf ination offire Entomocorticium e O. ranaculosum nts inRedPine:Im . Th m ound am , arootrotfungus,isalso e Armillaria r 2006 Conophthorus resinosae a e additionofspecificcarbon(starch)andnitrogen o of ground-dwellingarthropods.Inaddition,forest n), and orm eatm Pinus resinosa logy ting factortoredoakm Armillaria Armillaria theseplotswerem r diagnostictechniqueswereusedtoidentify tional ForestofArkansas.Anoutbreakred ented evidenceisavailablef MichaelE.OstryandAndrewJ.Storer ong threetopographicpositions;ridges,south- s them llected. Mechanicaltreatm ; ridges,south-f andharvestingtoachievesilviculturalgoals. e in the0.04-hectareplots. Dam nts willbeappliedinspring2006.Post- from Armillaria

mellea and sp o isnotpresent. eal agar,1.0%yeastextract,and st prolifictissuegrowth.W wasonlyidentifiedoncefrom twenty0.04-hectareplotsineachof A pacts onInsectPestsandFungal Ophiostoma minus . Thism , . Treatm A. gallica rootrotcontributetooak acing andwest-f Sirococcus knowntocontributeoak easured andtagged.Spore ) andredturpentinebeetle e e dium Armillaria nt area.Thetreatm , and o e nts includefireonly, rtality. Am wasalsofoundtobe and A. tabescens ) associatedwith e . Redoakborer o nt areaswere r acing slopes. Sphaeropsis Armillaria a ge bypine e suggesta odel was ridges. were 272 ent ’s .

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, Arthropod herbivorywas them areas. Prescribedfire loweredplantedseed survival andabsolutegrowth ratesthanplante with prescribedfireandunburnedcontrols.Naturally regeneratingseedlingsexperiencedhigher observed. Seedlingperform using treatm survival andheightdiam southern pinebeetleoutbreakof1999-2002. Seedling perform growth, andherbivorepressureinf Natural andartificiallyregeneratingshortleaf pineseedlingswerem University ofKentuckyDepartm Aerin D.LandandLynneK.Rieske-Kinney perform Prescribed firefollowingsouthernpinebeetle Dichelotarsus Hemerobius pacificus reared from seasons. phenology ofim rem nigrinus (2.6%), Coniopterygidae(2.4%),Staphylinidae(0.9%),andAnthocoridae(0.2%). Hem Derodontidae (41.2%),Cham 3,365 predatorscollectedfrom and W com be contributingtotherelativetoleranceof western hem hem The hem Departm Glenn R.Kohler,VernonL.Stiefel,Kim hem Predators associatedwithhem white pine, achieving structurallydiversestandscontaining prescriptions areof "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). a m l l e ining 40%ofpredatorsrepresentadive ock, ock inthePacificNorthwest robiidae (6.5%),Syrphidae(3.8%),Mirid unity associatedwithHW a shington wereconductedm a e l nce andherbivorepressure Tsugacanadensis (Derodontidae) and ock woollyadelgid(HW nt ofForestScience,OregonStateUniversity Leucopis P. strobus larvaetoadultonadietofHW e l ock, nt com sp. (Cantharidae)havebeenobservedfeedingonHW m Tsuga heterophylla a thetypethatm spp. and ture andadultpredatorssugge b inations offencingandins . Comment citer cedocument: (Hem , intheeasternU.S.InW a eter growth. erobiidae) Conwentzia californica Leucopis nce andherbivorepre l ock woollyadel 1,664beatsam aem a A infestationson116 e jor com nt ofEntom A a yiidae (19.6%),

o y beutilized ), onthly from rests that . Hostresistanceandpresenceofendem Adelges tsugae spp. (Cham , L.nigrinus,Leucopis ponent of b erly F.W Arthropod andm we disturbanceim o gid (Hem p logy suf d seedlingsandgrewm A rse com les ecticide applicationsandherbivorepressurewas March2005through2006.Atotalof ling survival,butdid not m stern hem on alargescaleinredpinef ae (3.6%),Cantharidae(3.1%),Chrysopidae f u in thelaboratory.Fieldcollectedlarvaeof herbivore pressureandwas greateronnatural e Coccinellidae(8.9%),Reduviidae(7.2%), aem a represent 37speciesin12fam ssure werecom lti-aged treesandanincreasedproportionof red extensiveoverstorym sts tem llin, andDarrellW , iscausingwidespreadm (Coniopterygidae) havebeensuccessfully T. heterophylla yiidae) arethedom iptera: Adelgidae)infestedwestern p lex potentiallyattackingHW e st, HW l a poral partitioningofpreyacrossall ock. Fieldsurveysofthepredator m pacts shortleafpineseedling m a lian herbivorywasm spp., syrphids,andadultsof A causesnegligibledam a nce wasevaluatedbasedon p A eggsinthelaboratory. ared betweenstandstreated at16locationsinOregon . o Ross re vigorouslyinburned onitored forsurvival, inant predators.The influencegrowth. o o rests withgoalsof o rtality duringthe i rtality of c predatorsm ilies including Laricobius a nipulated A. The eastern a ge to 273 a y

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, canopy. Eggm play aroleinm P. thomsoni understand thespecies’dynam its introductionsom However, inNorthAm North Am Am University ofAlberta,Departm MacQuarrie, ChrisJK,LangorD,Spence leafm Lif forest site. site, 9.5%forBiltm hem found tooccasionallyfeedontheelongatehem stigma and C were docum assess intraguildcom field collectedpredatorstoassessfoodconsum There weretwoforestsitesandurbansite four sitesfrom exotic elongatehem externa A projectwasinitiatedinSeptem Asheville, NC28804 Morgantown, W 2 C. Lynch Predators of and severityincreasedwithdiam unburned stands.Pinewebworm also correlatedpositivelywithseedlingdiam negatively withfeedingseverity.Pineweevil m regeneration, possiblyduetosuperiorseedling 1 "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). USDA ForestService,NortheasternArea Departm o e rtality waslowandsurvivalcorrelatedpositiv berm historyandm l ock scalepopulationsfrom i hilocorus stigma ner inurbanAlaska consum Ferris,elongatehem arked birchleafm 1 e erica duringthelastcentury.InEurope , P.Lam nt ofEntom developm ented tofeedonelongatehem Fiorinia externa o ed them beatsheetsam rtality appearstoplaya role in V o 26505, o rtality howeverleafm bdin rtality f l ore urbansite,3.6%forBay’ e ock scalewerecollectedin p tim etition am ent, survivorshipandlife hist o werebeetlepredatorswiththehi Comment citer cedocument: erica itcancausesignifican o logy &PlantPathology,UniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,TN 1 , J.Grant e inthe1990’s,itdefolia st elongatehem 3 i actors af ForestService,HealthProtection,200W ner ( l (Hem ock scale,andtheirim i e cs inthisnewecosy p nt ofRenewableResources Profenusa thomsoni fieldcollected ong predatorsofel eter growth. les andbr infestationswere 1 ber 2004to iptera: Diaspididae)intheSouthernAppalachians

, R.Reardon f ecting aninvasivespecies:Thecaseof l i ock scale.Aspeciesof ne l anch cuttingsfrom ock scale. rs utilizethelowercanopy earlierthantheupper Conifersawflyherbivorywasnotobserved. eter s selected.Laboratorytestswereconductedonthe thespecies’population dynam determ easternTennesseeandwesternNorthCarolinaat branchsam and Nantucketpinetipm 2 growth,butdidnotdif HealthProtection,180CanfieldSt, health andvigor.Herbivore-inducedseedling , R.Rhea l ption, developm oc s Mountainforestsite,and7.7%forBiltm the speciesisarareoroccasionalm ely withpineweevilf ongate hem stem t dam tes 140,000+acresofbircheveryyear.To pact onthepestpopulations.Predatorsof m ory onurbanbirch. ) isaEuropeannativesawf k scale.Percentbeetledam o ine theindigenouspredatorsof Scymnillus horni Istudiedtheeffectofcrownpositionon re frequentandsevereinburnedstands a ge, asseeninAlaskawherefollowing ghest feedingrates.Thelarvaeof 3 p les was6.5%forLynnhursturban l Septem ock scale.Sevenpredatorspecies Coniopterix ent, feedingbehavior,andto ber 2004toApril2006. , f Crown positiondidnot e Rhyzobius lophanthae o eeding f r betweenburnedand Am eaver Blvd, th feedingfrequency collectedwasalso i cs asasignificant berm ly introducedto a ge inelongate r equency and arked birch i nor pest. Fiorinia 274 ore C. ,

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, beatsheet sam released throughoutthe HW 2005 includingthenew releasesizes:75,150,or spring 2004,or300infall2003plus2004 (s releases in2003-2004consistingofthereplicat (1) thenum tsugae nigrinus A m Virginia Tech Dave L.Mausel,ScottM.Salom of thehem Establishm m populations throughinterspecificcom endem stable equilibrium program in thefrequencydistributionsofSPBabundance order feedbackintim extended periodofendem paradigm understanding ofsouthernpinebeetlepopulati how populationsswitchfrom Alternatively, endem to pinef (epidem Southern pinebeetle(SPB)populationsroutinelyswitchbetweenbeingveryabundant Dartm Sharon Martinson,MatthewAyres The roleofinterspecificcom by larger,earlierhatchinglarvae. natal leaf successfully developonm Thus earlierhatchinglarvaeappeartohavean selection astheywillover-utilizeleavesbydepositingm portion perishbeforehatching,Furtherm "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). echanism i xed releaseapproachwasusedtointroduce the PacificNorthwestnative outh College (Hem i c equilibrium i (Coleoptera:Derodontidae),apredatoroftheexotic hem o ). Analternativehypothesisisthat c), tovirtuallynon-existent(endem , m ofpredator-preycycles.However, rests, causingm l ent of throughexperim ock woollyadelgid ber ofbeetlesreleased o iptera: Adelgidae),oneasternhem rtality of p ling recovered4

Laricobius nigrinus andtendtorem i point.Myresearchte e seriesanalysisofSPB c SPBpopulationsarebenignin laterhatchinglarvaeincreas Comment citer cedocument: illions of o i c conditionsinLouisianaandeastTexas,(2)theabsenceofsecond- st leaves.Furtherm e p ntal fieldtestsandam etition inm A distributionfrom endem , L. nigrinus LokeT.Kok dollarsof ; (2)tim a

in thereuntil (Coleoptera:Derodontidae)forclassicalbiologicalcontrol p i etition from c toepidem ore, fem a intaining endem e ofrelease,and;(3).location.Therewere10 open i F dam endem c). populationdynam ore, becauselarvaeareunabletodispersefrom 1 sts am this hypothesishasbeenweakenedby(1)the l Epidem adults at2of10sites. Inspring2005,branch ock (from a ed treatm advantage,sinceonly2–3leafm a som on fluctuationshasbeendom le ge, andexertingdram ot MassachusettstoGeorgia. Infall2004, i es asresourceswithintheleaf a ic s appeartom c populationsareregulatedaroundalocally them trees. Threem her barkbeetles.Iprovideevidenceforthis um 1,200 adultsinfall-spring. Beetleswere levels.Forthelastseveraldecadesour e SBPISdatabaseandtheregionaltrapping echanism term perturbationperm o =600).Therewere12releases2004- ic populationsareextrem re eggsthantheleafcansupport. atical m i e c populationsofsouthernpinebeetle s offoresthealth.Itrem nts: 300adultsinfall2003, f i cs, and(3)adistinctbim a odel. o ke sub-optim l r m ock woollyadelgid, a nipulated factorsincluded: a intaining endem atic ecologicalim its them al choicesinleaf toescapethat ely destructive areconsum inated bythe a ins unclear Laricobius i ners can Adelges i odality c SPB pacts. 275 the ed

b e inations. From nt ofBioagriculturalSciencesandPe onitored weekly. ergence andm 2 1, and33F o erald AshBorer(EAB).Trappingt 3 JunetoSe ith thesegoalsinm , IralRagenovich re Scolytidaebeetleswereco isdesignedtodetect,m ring 2006todate,over500F b Comment citer cedocument: erald AshBorer( ination containedsignificantlym theseresults,itappears 2 1

Laricobius L. nigrinus ptem onitored throughAugus insectsf 3 L. nigrinus gy ethanol,and3)PheroTechethanolalpha-pinenewere onitoring woodboringinsects.Interceptpaneltraps,Lindgren ber 2005inaburnedareaof

one CatchEffi Three lurecom 2

, andJoséNegrón i r larvaefrom nd, differenttrapdesignsandpherom adultsatthe2003-2004and2004-2005sites,respectively om o Agrilus planipennis theSiricidae,Buprestidae,andCeram st effec pping m indicate thatthisim onito gion, ForestHealthProtection,Portland,OR a com st Managem ap adults,andcuttingpeelingofgirdledtrees cacies forW Michiganin2005.Traps wereestablishedprior ited Statesyearly.TheEarlyDetectionRapid b tive techniqueform om r, andlim 8of10sites.Infall2005,beatsheetsam that usingacom llected intheSantetrapdesign.However, 2 inations: 1)Synergyethanolandterpentine,2) e Station,240W andF thods andgaininsightinto landingbehaviors t. Thelandingbehavior ofEABonalltree ools usedtodetectpopulationsofthisinsect thetrapsbaitedwithPheroTechethanol 3 b ashtreesinsoutheasternMichiganwere . ination ofSynergyethanolandterpentine 3 o larvaehavebeencollectedfrom re woodboringinsectsthantheother it thepotentialestablishm e oodboring InsectsinaThreeYear- nt, ColoradoStateUniversity,Fort Fairm Pinus ponderosae portant predatorcanestablish . b a Prospect,FortCollins,CO ination ofethanolandalpha- ire) (Coleoptera: onitoring forestsforexotic one lurecom todeterm bycidae f ent ofnew b inations a ine the m 17of p ilies ling 276 Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, am areas withinthestate. Rhinoterm was torecordspeciescom docum hom Data regardingsubterraneanterm Building 1-31.Colum Pinzon Olga,Housem sam proposed asawaytom The useofnaturaldisturbanceeventsinborealfo Université duQuébecàMontréal Christopher D.O’ConnorandTim western Québec Ground beetleresponsetonaturaldisturbance-basedm likely reflectdifferingpopulationdensitiesof trees, butnonewereaseffectivethetraptrees treatm trees girdledin2005,2004ca on ash.Inastudycom tree. Trapsonashtreesaccountedfor93%of species wascharacterizedon0.2ha.plotswhereev Term begin sum the effectsofalternativem deadwood andotherim and othercuttingtreatm identified tospeciesforallanalysis.Initialre other coleoptera,them W aspen stands. surveys ofgroundbeetlescollectedin2004and cut, prescribedburningfollowingclearcutting,a across arangeofsuccessionalstandtypes.Experim Duparquet regionofQuébecdesignedtostudythee

"Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). e énagem collected2595and2380carabidsin2004a e e infestations.Therelativefrequencyofterm tim ites (Rhinoterm e ented orcom nts. Additionalstudiesconsideredtheuseof e providingasustainables m itidae) speciesinMissouribyexam ent forestierécosystém e r 2006. p itidae: ared betweenurbanandforested bia, MO an Richard.DivisionofPl p Comment citer cedocument: a portant ecosystem aring attractivenessofungi intain nativespecies,al a jority of e nts. Exam Reticulitermes a position andgeographicdistributionof nagem

ite distributi iques) o whichwere

e thy T.W nt m upply oftim ining staphy

e is afullyreplicatedlandscapeexperim ) occurringinwoodlandsofMissouri functions thods o sults suggestdifferencesam rk EAB atthevariousfieldsites. on inMissouriarem EAB captured,indicatingapreferenceforlanding nd 2005respectively,withapproxim ant Sciences.UniversityofMissouri.Ag. in ong withtheirecologicalfunctions,whileatthe on nativebeetlecom . Resultsofthesestudiesarevariable,andm ite represented bystaphylinids.Carabidswere ing term ught significantlym nd uncutcontrols.Herewereportoninitial 2005 usingpitfalltrapsintheexperim rdled trees,ashtreesgirdledin2004and speciesinwoodedareashasnotbeenclearly rests asatem ery treewasusedasanungirdledstickytrap coloredstickytrapsasanalternativetotrap ffects ofcoarse-filterconservationstrategies shouldprovideam linid assem ber. TheSAFEProject habitats.Them e a ntal treatm nagem ite speciesoccurringinconservation e nt inborealaspenstandsof b lages closelyassociatedwith p e nts includepartialcuts,clear late f a inly basedonsam a m in objectiveofthisproject o Reticulitermes ( unities. Thisworkwill re EABthantheother o o ong prescribedburning r silviculturehasbeen re com

(Sylviculture et p e lete pictureof nt intheLac a tely 30,000 p Isoptera: les from e ntal 277 o st

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, am sym com involved m galleries constructedinthexylem Am beetles ( laboratory experim within the ( trees andvectoradevastating recently-introduced species( Exotic am LSU AgCenter E. P.Ott,B.T.Sullivan,K.D.Klepzig,Schowalter crassiusculus Fungal InteractionsAndForestStandCorrelationsoftheExoticAm field andlabassays. electrophysiological studiesofbeetleantennae, in potentialhosttrees,(2)identifyingolfactor threat posedbythem ef in theUS,andsom These potentiallyinvasiveinsectsareincreasingl am Despite typicallybeingweakm LSU AgCenter E. P.Ott,B.T.Sullivan,K.D.Klepzig,Schowalter (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) function analysisofm but islessreliable.Datafrom characters onlyoccurintheadultstagethatiss Identification ofspeciesinthegenus Chem com using 16Sm predom Xylosandrus compactus "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). f o brosia beetlepopulations withinavarietyofforeststandconditionsinCentral Louisiana. brosia beetlesm brosia beetlesm rts todevelopbaitsf b p position andgeneticstructureofterm iotic fungus.W etition experim ical EcologyoftheInvasive,ExoticAm inant specieinMissouri’swoodlands.W X. compactus brosia beetlesareanescalatingproblem a Ophiostoma y affectvectoringcapabilities. (Coleoptera:Curculionidae). itochondrial DNA.Asaresultm e a a nts inanartificialm e y causesignificanttreeda intain astrictobligatem . Ourapproachinvolvesthr nts todeterm and Comment citer cedocument: e e alsoreportthe infectedhostalongwith o casestheyarecausi and o r f rphom acilitating thedetec Xyloborus glabratus X. crassiusculus m Ophiostoma X. crassiusculus o etric characterssuggestthat rphological id o . Theinteractionsofthe rtality agents ine com

Reticulitermes ites inMissouriisexpected. e progress ofatwo-year trappingsurvey p dia to sp. pathogen.Multipleotheram etitive effectsbetweenthepathogenandbeetle’s u brosia Beetle, ) m ng significanteconom tua ), withintheXyloborini entification ofsam tion of m and (3)evaluatingcandidatebaitcom easonal. Thesoldiercastecanalsobeidentified e y stim in theirnativeenvironm determ ) dem Therefore, weconductedfungaldifferential ee steps:(1)artificiallyelicitingattractiveness

lism y beingdetectedattackingandinhabitingtrees a are currentlyworkingonspeciesidentification i o ght becapableofvectoringthepathogen. ge uponintroductionintotheUnitedStates. withintheUnitedStates,withatleastone re isdifficultbecausereliablem withm accurateinform X. glabratus exoticam onstrating theabilitytoattacklivinghost ulants producedbyattractivehostsvia ine whetherlong-establishedam Ophiostoma Xylosandrus crassiusculus y cangial fungi brosia beetlesandassessingthe Reticulitermes hageni p les supportedbydiscrim . W brosia Beetle, ic losses.W sp.andm ation regardingspecies tribe, havebeenfound e thereforeperform ents, exoticbarkand brosia beetlespecies that theycultivatein e Xylosandrus y describeour cangial fungi

o of rphological ponents in

isthe selected brosia i nant

278 e d

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, decay ofDW stands wereundisturbed. Carabidabundancea beech barkdisease,four standswereselectivel Michigan’s UpperPeninsulawereusedforthis classes. FivereplicatesofeachDW abundance, speciesrichness,andspecies-levelre trees (advanceddecay).Pitfalltrapswere decay), 3)onelargetree(advanced4) tw in thefollowingclasses:1)verylowvolum pitfall trapsandm relationship betweenDW the im Downed wood(DW of Michigan,AnnArbor Holly A.PetrilloandJohnW (Coleoptera: Carabidae) All woodisnotcreatedequal:Im approach andfindings. adaptation ofthetwospecificfungiinto approach f m provides essentialnutrientsasfoodforlarvae. pine treesduringoviposition.Fungiproliferateinthewoodandresultinghyphalm where thesym secretions from m sp. A.Theadultfem m seeking genom southern forests.BecauseitisdifficulttocontroltheSPBbyconventionalm Curculionidae: Scolytinae),isthem The southernpinebarkbeetle(SPB), Cetin Yuceer,MississippiStateUniversity,Departm Kier D.Klepzig,USDAForestServi T. EvanNebeker,MississippiStateUniversit Olga Pechanova,MississippiStateUniv SOUTHERN PINEBARKBEETLEMYCANGIALGLANDS PROTEOMICS APPROACHFORIDENTIFYINGMOLECULARTARGETSINTHE "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). y e u dium cangium tualism portance ofDW toculturethefungiandtransportthem withtwospeciesoffungithatare o . Fungifrom r identif increased.Carabidabundance washighe b ics solutionsforthem them iotic fungiarereleasedfrom eander surveysinpilesofDW ying m ) servesasanim y cangial glandcells,andthey Comment citer cedocument: totheseorganism a thesurroundinghosttissu le SPBpossessesapr andorganism o lecular targetsinthe itter, SchoolofNaturalResourcesandEnvironm portance ofwoodquantityanddecaystageforcarabidbeetles

ce, SouthernResearchStation o portant ha st econom classwe a useofthis nagem ersity, Departm s is Dendroctonus frontalis the e (sm y, Departm Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus e placed adjacenttothewoodpilesandcarabid

nt assum y thinnedtenyearsprior tothisstudy,andfour bitat com into newhosttrees.W re chosenwithineachstandandtwelvestands m These indicatethatthem ica thatvariedbyvolum m lationships werecom study. Fourstandswereheavilyinfestedwith a nd speciesrichnessincreased asvolum m y of theSPB.Thefem ll branchesandtwigs),2)onelargetree(early resource.W othoracic cuticularinvaginationcalledthe o largetrees(earlydecay),and5)two y proliferate.Thebeetlem lly andecologicallyim cangium e enterthem y cangial environm e cangial glandcellsthatareessentialtothe nt ofForestry e st instandswithbeechbark diseasewhich d m e e nt ofForestry nt ofEntom ponent form o andinoculatedwithinthephloem st studiesdonotdirectlystudythe e surveyedcarabidbeetlesusing y cangium Zim o e logy andPlantPathology ent. W p a e ny organism havetakenaproteom ared am a of woodanddecaystage le SPBhasanobligate m and y portant insectpestof e underthecontrolof cangium i rm grates toanewhost e willpresentour ann (Coleoptera: Entomocorticium ong thefiveDW ent, University e thods, weare s. Although servesasa e and 279 a i of cs ss

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, conducted toelucidatelethaldose(LD chrom im application m injection, andfoliarspray(horticulturaloil).Soilarthropodcom ( The neonicotinoidinsecticide,im in thefightagainstaninvasiveinsect,hem working inconjunctiontoassessthepotentialnon-targ The Universityof 3 2 1 Reynolds, W eastern hem Assessing theim biological diversitywithinforeststands. DW nine specieshighlycorrelatedwithspecificDW early decaystages.Carabidabundanceam wood hadsignificantlyhighercarabidabundanceand m using aRapidEstim seven sites,nineredoak trees( population densitieswere estim 2001 and2003reportedrem Red oakborerhaspreviouslybeenreportedat Arkansas Ozarks.Thisoutbreakhascausedec Enaphalodes rufulus Extensive oakm Departm John J.RigginsandFredM.Stephen Missing inAction:TheAbruptDem com we willhaveaclearerunderstandingoftheim August 2007,thelaboratorytoxicologytestsand drench andsoilinjectionsitesappeartohave reduction insom Tsuga canadensis University ofTennessee;Departm United StatesDepartm University ofTennessee;Departm "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). a idacloprid isbeingextractedf y beduetoincreasedDW classesprelim m only usedinnaturalsystem a tography. Also,standardtoxicology e nt ofEntom l ock forests . N. e thod andtoeachapplicationtim 1 ; Bernard,E.C. pacts ofim e groupsofsoilarthropodsinthedrenchandinjectiontreatm TennesseeAgriculturalExperi o (L.)Carriere)forestsbyoneoffour inary resultssuggestthatavarietyoftypesDW rtality dueinparttoa ation Procedure(REP) designe o (Haldem logy, UniversityofArkansas Comment citer cedocument: e

nt ofAgriculture;USFSForestHealthProtection idacloprid applicationsonnon-targetsoilarthropodsinim a rkably higherpopulati availablefrom ated from 1 a r ; Rhea,R. n) (Coleoptera:Ceram Quercus rubra om s suchastheGreatSm e e

idacloprid, iswidelyappliedininfestedeasternhem nt ofEcology&EvolutionaryBiology nt ofEntom i thesoilha se ofaRed 50 ) concentrationsofim ridgetops 2 ; Grant,J. ong DW

e (spr relatively lowpopulationdensity,butestim beech treem native wood-boringbeetle,theredoakborer bitat andquantifiedwithhighperform o onom the highestconcentrationsofim L.)werecategorizedinto oneofthreeclasses Oak BorerOutbreakintheArkansasOzarks. l logy &PlantPathology studies withculturedCollem m ock woollyadelgid( types.Sincecertainspeciesfavoredspecific e acrosstheOzarkNational Forest.Ateachof ing andfall)arebeing

nt StationandtheUSDAForestServiceare d toindicatetreehealth andredoakborer ons. During2005,lateinstarredoakborer pacts ofchem 1 classes variedbyspecieswithsevenoutof ic, ecological,andpublicsafetyconcerns. ; Gwinn,K. species diversitycom field trialswillhavebeencom et im m oky MountainsNationalPark. bycidae) hasbeenoccurringinthe e thods-soil drench,soilinjection,trunk pacts ofinsecticideapplicationsused o rtality. Overalladvanced-decayed idacloprid. Initialdatasuggesta 1 ; Sanders,N ical m m Adelges tsugae isnecessarytom unity responsestoeach recorded. Inaddition, a p nagem ared towoodinthe 3

bola arebeing idacloprid. By e nt practices p a periled nce liquid leted, and e Annand). nts. The a ates in intain l 280 ock Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, sites withintheGreaterYellowstoneEcosyste 2004 and2005,com areas, creatingapopulation“sink,”reducingbeetle to repellent-sem holding tacticstoprovidestand-levelprotectionag these highelevationstands.Suchstandsm Typical silviculturalstrategiesarenotanoptionduetotheoftenisolatedandfragilenatureof Scolytinae) activityhavethreatenedthestability recent increasesinm habitats duetothecriticalecosystem W Utah StateUniversity/RockyMountainResearchStation Greta Schen-Langenheim against MountainPineBeetleAttack Evaluation Sem or REPclasses.Causesandextentofthisabruptdeclinehavenotbeendeterm recorded from the quantityofresources availabletoendem subsequent interactions. Anexperim the endem such hostspriortothearrivalofendem beetles instressedlodgepolepinetrees. eruptive beetle endem epidem The m University of Greg Sm ( Com stand densityindex(SDI)influencedtreatm Ongoing analysesindicatethatsurroundingm single (2004)orclusters(2005)ofbaitedpherom non-host volatiles(2005)wereapplied(25pouchesof generation galleries.During2003anaverageof5.30late-stagelarvae/m bole, wererem was recorded.Sevenbolts,proportionallyselected infestation history.Treeswerefelled,cutinto0.5m Dendroctonus ponderosae "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). h itebark ( p etitive interactionsbetween i ountain pinebeetle( ic populationphase;however,itispossiblethat com c phasem ith, Dr.AllanCarroll,StaffanLindgren i c phaseofthem Pinus albicaulis NorthernBritishColum ridgetreesvs.0.15in2005.Density oved andreturnedtothelaborat i iochem Pseudips mexicanus ochem u st interactwithotherbarkbeetlespecieswhile occupying ahost.Thenon- b ined trap-out/anti-aggregationstrategiesweretestedatthreewhitebarkpine ountain pinebeetle( i Comment citer cedocument: icals, baitedpherom cal TrapOutStrategies , BarbaraJ.Bentz ). Dendroctonus ponderosae ountain pinebeetle ) pineiswidelyconsideredtobe Pseudips mexicanus

isoftenfoundcohabitatingwithendem e b nt wasconductedtoevaluate theeffectof servicesit ia, PrinceGeorge i c m P. mexicanus Dendroctonus ponderosae e one tr ountain nt efficacy. i a ountai c m m y fortheProtectionofHighElevatidonPines hasnotbeenwellstudied, littleisknowabout (GYE).Verbenone(2004)andverbenone+C ory fordissectionandquantificationofcurrent benef aps m ountain pinebeetlesand thesubsequenteffect and possiblef one provides, suchaswildlifehabitat.However, ainst m from param n pinebeetlepopulationpressureandoverall pine beetles,whichdisperseinlateJuly.As

populationsinsubsequentyears.During logs thatwerethensplit,andlarvaldensity it f eachper.25hectare)incom and endem ) hasnostrongcom trap(s), replicatedfourtim a y absorbbeetlesdispersingfrom em r eachtreebasedonheightofinfested ountain pinebeetleattack.Inaddition om e erges earlyinthespringandattacks ters didnotdifferbetweenlocations p repellent-sem etition occurswhenbeetlesinthe akeystonespeciesofsubalpine u i ture existenceof c m Coleoptera:Curculionidae ountain pinebeetles 2 barksurfaceareawas iochem p etitors wheninthe ined. i c m P. mexicanus es ateachsite. thesestands. ical intensive b ountain pine ination with treated 281 on 6

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, preferences andwerem response togapagecom the exclusionof and theforestssurroundingthem forest, buttherewasnostatisticaldifferencein Species richnesswashigherinthecentersofyoung gaps pitfall trapsplacedatthecenterandedgeof hardwood forest(SouthCarolina,USA).Sam gaps ofdifferentsize(0.13ha,0.26and0.50 W USDA ForestService Mike Ulyshen,Jim The ResponseofGroundBeetles(Coleoptera: understanding oftheim spp. andm also conductingbioassaychallengesbetween growing ability togrowandreproduceonfungifrom spp. strainsfrom different environm three questions:1)howdothegrowthratesofdifferent populations: oneinthesoutheasternUnitedStates interacting with results areadecreaseinthebroodsizeofm gallery overlap,ovipositionallengthsand on broodcharacteristics.Specificm are conductinggrowthassaysof interspecif other fungi( Southern pinebeetles( Dartm Taerum beetles ( Interspecific interactionsam in astand,areexplored. em population dynam Tarsonemus "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). e erging adults.Managem com outh College , S.J.,Klepzig,K.D.,Hofstetter,R.W Dendroctonus frontalis p Ophiostoma ared theresponseofgroundbeetles(Col i c interactionsbetweenthese y m Ophiostoma cangial fungifrom ites thatarem thetworegions;and3)dosym P. mexicanus Semiardistomis viridis Hanula,ScottHorn,JohnKilgo,ChrisMoorm i ental conditions;2)arethereantagonisticinteractionsbetween cs andtheevolutionaryecologyof strains from Comment citer cedocument: pacts thatm Dendroctonus frontalis o p re abundantinyoungga spp.) thatareantagonisticcom ared tom e ong sym nt applications,suchasbaitingtoincrease u tualists of ) , shorterovipositionalgallerylengthsandsm Tarsonemus krantzi . Carabida eachregion. thetworegionswithm

u b tualistic andantagonisticsym easures of o ionts associatedwithtwopopulationsofsouthernpine st other

sym Ophiostoma (Say),averyabundant speciesthatdifferedinits b theseregions? Ophiostoma ionts from p Carabidae) toGroupSelectionHarvesting ., Six,D.L.,Moser,J.C.andAyres,M.P. bundance followedthesam each gap,and50m le ) aresym species. Manyspecies exhibited stronghabitat species richnessbetweenthecentersofoldgaps ount interaction wereassessed,suchasovipositional b s werecollected4tim iotic m eoptera: Carabidae)tothecreationofcanopy , andoneinMexicoArizona.W m These experim ps, oldgaps,orinthe surrounding forest. ha) andage(17yrs)inabottom ain pinebeetlesinrelationtobroodsnot collected from spp.Theseinteractionsm ountain pinebeetlebroodsize.Expected twogeographically-distinct thaninthecentersofoldgapsor ites from b strains from iotic withm p e Ophiostoma Toaddressthesequestions,weare etitors ofthem D. frontalis dia oflowtohighquality.W a thetworegionsdifferintheir b n e ionts haveon bothregionson intothesurroundingforest. nts willcontributetoour bothregions.Finally,we es in2001bym u P. mexicanus tualist m . W spp. strainsvaryunder e trend,butonlywith y cangial fungi,and e areexam a aller individual D. frontalis. y y influencethe cangial fungi, populations Ophiostoma Ophiostoma D. frontalis a laise and e have ining e l are 282 and

Version postprint Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, and hadnodetectableterpenes. these sam delta-3-carene, trans-caryphyllene.GC-EADanal sequiterpenes, includingcis-2-hexanal,cis-3-hexe three hosttreespecies:SugarMaple( com long-range cuesforhostlocationbyALB.The olfactory cuesem Asian Longhornbeetles(ALB)hostselectionism SUNY-ESF Jacob D.W (Coleoptera: Ceram Volatile profilesofhostsvs.non-hoststheAsianLonghornbeetle, that arem clones willsuggestthatitispossibletoutilizecloningtechnologyinplantationsplanttrees variation islessthanbetweenclonea and arecurrentlybeinganalyzed.Thesam and CC-4.Twosam blocks, eachcontainingasingleram in W are oftenthosewithhighresinproduction.Resinsa pine beetleresistance.Previousstudiesindicat Resin productioninloblollypinesisconsideredto North CarolinaStateUniversity M. K.W Resin ProductioninClonalLoblollyPines:AnI assem Because groupselectionharvestingcreatesawide host discrim visual andgustatorycues arealsobeinvolved, 3-carene, andfarnesene, whichareallhostvola and MeJAtreated) m or m were hydroponicallygrowninthelabandvola adsorbent. Inaseparateexperim ( and Horsechesnut Ailanthus ailanthus) "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). i croextraction (SPME).GC-MSanalysesreveal pounds m a e b lterboro, SCinthespringof2005.Thes thyl jasm lages ofspecies,itm h e o itley andF.P.Hain com re consistentlyresistanttosouthernpinebeetleattacks. i i ckham nation. a y providethebasisforhostdi pounds. onate (MeJA)treatm itted from

andStephenA.Teale bycidae) p Populus ( , andCallaryPear( Aesculus hippocastanum les weretakenfrom Comment citer cedocument: P. calleryana a hostsvs.non-hosts, sp.sharegreenleafvolatiles(GLVs),aldehydes, andm y bepreferabletootherm e A. ailanthus nt, clonesofapoplarhybrid(

e t ofeachclone Acer saccharum sharedonlyhexanalandcis-2-hexanalwith Pyrus calleryana e eachtree, nt. p sam les w scrim these findingsm ), andtwonon-hoststreespecies,Ailanthus nd controlfam e thattreesbredforgoodgrowthcharacteristics tile productionwereinducedbym ndicator ofSouthernPineBeetleResistance Volatiles werecollectedusingsolidphase tiles withtheexception of farnesene.Although p or astressedvs.healthyhostm e betheprim ed thathostsandinduced(m range ofwildlifehabitatsandsupportsdiverse ite wascom les containedoctanal,nonanal,decanal,delta- ill becom n-1-ol, octanal,nonanal,decanal,cam i ysis confirm di nation. Aerationswereperform driedtoreducethem relative concentrationsof m aswellcontroltreesfrom ated inpartbyplantvolatileolfaction.The p o ), StripedMaple les weretakenfrom re disruptivetim ). VolatileswerecollectedonSuper-Q p ily variation.Lessvariationwithin ary factorcontributingtosouthern ared todeterm a posed ofninecom e y uncovertheolfactorybasis for d m a Anoplophora glabripennis P. nigra le ALBantennaedetected

ber rem ( toresinacid,weighed, Acer pennsylvanicum) clonalloblollypines ine if x antennallyactive anually dam oval practices. P. maximowizii a fam a withinclone y providethe p nual dam e lete random A. ailanthus d in situ ilies 7-56 ono- and phene, a 283 ged a on ge

) ,

growth wereapproxim were protectedfrom increase averagestem growing seasons.Afterthreeyears,oneexpe independently controllingthefirstthreegenerati assigned oneoffivetreatm trees enteringtheirsecondyearofgrowtha volum Coastal Plaintherearetypicallyfourgenerations species ofeconom The Nantucketpinetipm University ofGeorgia Jam Pine TipMoth Volum from Cover Data1992.ThescaleswereidentifiedbytheFOCUS2program ArcGIS, andastandaloneC++program 2005. ThehabitatpatternsdataweregeneratedinESRIGeographicInform connectivity, weredeterm Ecologically-relevant spatialscalesontwohabitatpatterns,forestareadensityand Shulin Yang Identifying ecologically-relevantspatialscalesforlonghornedbeetles "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26). e thesurveyandhabitatpatterndatagenerated. s D.Young,C.W e canbeincreasedusingasingleannua e GainsinLoblollyPineProducedbyaReducedSprayRegim ically im thefirstgenerationof volum a a Comment citer cedocument: tely 740cm yne Berisford,ChrisAsaro ined forlonghornedbeetlestheIndianaCeram o e portant southernpines. th (NPTM)isapest nts. Treatm e whencom 3

or25%largerthantheunsprayedcheck. writtenbym e p nts test ared toanunsprayedcheck.W nd 1000newlyplanted1/0seedlingswererandom NPTM duringboththefirstandsecondyearsof l pesticideapplication.InJanuary,2003,1000 ed todeterm ofeconom ons duringthefirst,secondorfirstand rim peryear.Ourgoalwastodeterm Thispestism e e ntal treatm f r om thef ic concernthatcandam ine howstem o e rest patternof nt wasfoundtosignificantly u ltivoltine andintheGeorgia e toControltheNantucket basedonthebeetledata volum e ation System bycidae Survey foundthattrees NationalLand e isaffectedby a ine ifstem ge several , 284 ly

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:315-470-6745 Syracuse, NY13042 1 ForestryDr. and Forestry,125IllickHall SUNY-College ofEnvironmental Science Kim B.Adams E-mail:[email protected] Phone:970-295-5846 Fort Collins,CO80526 2150 CentreAve.,Bldg.A,Suite331 USDA ForestService Judy Adams E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1547 Morgantown, WV 26505 180 CanfieldStreet USDA ForestService Robert E. E-mail:[email protected] Phone:315-470-6777 Syracuse, NY13210 1 ForestryDrive and Forestry SUNY-College ofEnvironmental Science Lawrence P.Abrahamson E-mail:[email protected] Phone: 540-231-7941 Blacksburg, VA24060 500 HoundschaseLane,AptK University Malaya Dr. Fauziah Abadullah Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, Acciavatti "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

Comment citer cedocument: Conference RegistrationforNAFIWC Asheville, NC-May2226,2006 PARTICIPANT LIST

116 LongHall Clemson University Cora M.Allard E-mail:[email protected] Phone:613-225-2342 x4534 Ottawa, ONK1A0Y9 59 Camelot Drive Canadian FoodInspectionAgency Naima AitOumejjout E-mail:[email protected] Phone:505-842-3286 Albuquerque, NM87102 333 BroadwayBlvd.,Se. USDA ForestService Debra Allen-Reid E-mail:[email protected] Phone:605-394-6051 Golden, CO80401 740 Simms Street USDA ForestServiceR2RO Kurt Allen E-mail:[email protected] Phone:315-470-6795 Syracuse, NY13210 1 ForestyDrive College ofForestry State UniversityofNewYork Dr. DouglasC.Allen E-mail:[email protected] Phone:864-656-3136 Clemson, SC29634

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:202-205-1665 Washington, DC20250 201 14thStreet,Sw USDA ForestService Dr. AnnM.Bartuska E-mail:[email protected] Phone: Hanover, NH03755 Gilman Hall Dartmouth College Matthew P.Ayres E-mail:[email protected] Phone:00431368635238 Vienna, AUSTRIAA-1190 Hasenauerstrasse 38 University of NaturalResources Dr. DimitriosN.Avtzis E-mail:[email protected] Phone:250-960-5924 Prince George,BCV2N4Z9Canada 3333 UniversityWay Enhanced ForestryLab11-123 Canadian ForestService Brian Aukema E-mail:[email protected] Phone:434-977-6555 Charlottesville, VA22903 900 NaturalResourcesDr.,Suite800 Virginia Department ofForestry Chris Asaro E-mail:[email protected] Phone:859-257-2852 Lexington, KY40546-0073 Department ofForestry University ofKentucky Mary Arthur E-mail:[email protected] Phone:907-451-2639 Fairbanks, AK99709 3700 AirportWay Angie K.Ambourn

Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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Phone:706-542-2264 Athens, GA30602 120 CedarStreet 413 BiologicalSciences University ofGeorgia Jessica Beck E-mail:[email protected] Phone:303-249-2051 Lakewood, CO80215 885 KlineDr. Colorado StateUniversity Russell D.Beam E-mail:[email protected] Phone:906-487-2673 Houghton, MI49931 1400 TownsendDr. Michigan TechnologicalUniversity Brian L.Beachy E-mail:[email protected] Phone:979 458-6650 College Station,TX77840 301 Tarrow,Suite364 Texas ForestService Ronald F.Billings E-mail:[email protected] Phone:706-542-7888 Athens, GA30602 Department ofEntomology University ofGeorgia Dr. WayneBerisford E-mail:[email protected] Phone:435-755-3577 Logan, UT84321 860 N1200E Rocky MountainResearch USDA ForestService Dr. BarbaraBentz E-mail:[email protected] Phone: Coeur d'Alene, ID83815 3780 IndustrialAveS. State ofIdaho David P.Beckman E-mail:[email protected]

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:233-51-60123/60373 Knust Kumasi, GHANA PO Box63 Forestry ResearchInstitute of Ghana University Dr. PaulP.Bosu E-mail:[email protected] Phone:614-688-5401 Columbus, OH43210 2021 CoffeyRoad 210 Kottman Hall The OhioStateUniversity Pierluigi Bonello E-mail:[email protected] Phone:916-640-1283 McClellan, CA95652 3237 PeacekeeperWay, Suite207 USDA ForestService Michael J.Bohne E-mail:[email protected] Phone:604-822-0282 Vancouver, BCV6T174 321-2185 EastMall University of BritishColumbia MSL Joerg Bohlmann E-mail:[email protected] Missoula, MT59801 541 W. KentAve.,Bsmt. University ofMontana Kathy Bleiker E-mail:[email protected] Phone:801-476-9732 Ogden, UT84403 4746 S.1900E. USDA ForestService Darren Blackford E-mail:[email protected] Phone:979-845-8078 College Station,TX77843-2475 Department ofEntomology Texas A&MUniversity Dr. Andrew Birt Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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Phone:503-808-2666 Portland, OR97204 333 SW FirstAve. USDA ForestService David Bridgwater E-mail:[email protected] Phone:334-844-2935 Auburn, AL36830 301 Funchess Department ofEntomology Auburn University Dr. WayneBrewer E-mail:[email protected] Phone:517-432-2029 East Lansing,MI48824 Michigan StateUniversity 243 NaturalScienceBuilding Alicia M.Bray E-mail:[email protected] Phone:979-845-9737 College Station,TX77843-2475 Department ofEntomology Texas A&MUniversity Audrey Bunting E-mail:[email protected] Phone:724-852-2495 Waynesburg, PA15370 1884 PorterSt. USDA ForestService(retired) Allan T.Bullard E-mail:[email protected] Phone:209-532-3671 Sonora, CA95370 19777 GreenleyRoad US ForestService Beverly M.Bulaon E-mail:[email protected] Phone:404-347-2471 Atlanta, GA30309 1720 PeachtreeRoadNW, Suite850 USDA ForestService James D.Brown E-mail:[email protected]

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone: Ripon, QUEBECJ0V1R0 58, Principale Universite DuQuebecAMontreal&Iqaff Daniel Charbonneau E-mail:[email protected] Phone:406-329-3298 Missoula, MT59802 200 E.Broadway USDA ForestService Leah Chapman E-mail:[email protected] Phone:250-363-0666 Victoria, BCV8Z1M5 506 W. BurnsideRd. Canadian ForestService Dr. AllanCarroll E-mail:[email protected] Phone:229-246-3642 x275 Bainbridge, GA39819 719 SouthlandsRd. International Paper R. ScottCameron E-mail:[email protected] Phone:303-275-5463 Golden, CO80401 740 Simms Street R2 RegionalOffice USDA ForestService Robert J.Cain E-mail:[email protected] Phone:907-269-8460 Anchorage, AK99501-3566 550 W 7thAvenue, Suite1450 State ofAlaska Mr. RogerE.Burnside E-mail:[email protected] Phone:864-656-3136 Clemson, SC29634-0315 114 LongHall,Box340315 Clemson University Layla W.Burgess Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail:[email protected] Phone:936-639-8646 Lufkin, TX75901 415 S1stStreet USDA ForestService Stephen Clarke E-mail:[email protected] Phone:928-556-2105 Flagstaff, AZ86001-3317 1120 N.ManzanitaWay USDA ForestServiceResearch Dr. KarenM.Clancy E-mail:[email protected] Phone:970-482-5952 Fort Collins,CO80525 2248 ShawneeCourt Forest HealthManagement International Mr. WilliamM.Ciesla E-mail:[email protected] Phone: Lexington, KY40546-0091 S 225AgNorth Department ofEntomology University ofKentucky Tom W.Coleman E-mail:[email protected] College Station,TX77843-2475 Department ofEntomology Texas A&MUniversity Anthony Cognato E-mail:[email protected] Phone:706-559-4256 Athens, GA30602 320 GreenStreet USDA ForestService Michael G.Cody E-mail:[email protected] Phone:780-492-6965 Edmonton, ABT5T1L3 8003 178thStreet University ofAlberta Tyler Cobb

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Prince George,BCV2N 6K8 5165 ChilakoStationRd. University of NorthernBritishColumbia Tim Cudmore E-mail:[email protected] Phone:706-559-425 Athens, GA30602 320 GreenStreet U.S. ForestService Chris M.Crowe E-mail:[email protected] Phone:970-295-5864 Fort Collins,CO80526 2150a CentreAvenue,Suite331 FHTET Anthony Courter E-mail:[email protected] Phone:979-845-9725 College Station,TX77843-2475 Department ofEntomology Texas A&MUniversity Dr. RobertN.Coulson E-mail:[email protected] Phone:802-656-2824 Burlington, VT05405 206 HillsBldg. University ofVermont Dr. ScottCosta E-mail:[email protected] Phone:208-885-2722 Moscow, ID83844-1133 Department ofForestResources University ofIdaho Stephen Cook E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1523 Morgantown, WV 26505 180 CanfieldStreet USDA ForestService Joseph Cook Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail:[email protected] Phone:928-523-8385 Flagstaff, AZ86011 Pob 15018Nau University of Arizona Dr. TomDeGomez E-mail:[email protected] Phone:706-542-2289 Athens, GA30602 413 BioScienceBldg. University ofGeorgia Mark Dalusky E-mail:[email protected] Phone:479-575-3396 Fayetteville, AR72701 319 AgriBldg. University ofArkansas Theresa M.Dahl E-mail:[email protected] Lexington, KY40546-0091 S 225AgNorth Department ofEntomology University ofKentucky Dodd Luke E-mail:[email protected] Phone:703-605-5260 Arlington, VA22209 1601 NorthKentStreet,4thFloorRPC USDA FSWO R&D Mary EllenDix E-mail:[email protected] Phone:614-288-1086 Knoxville, TN37919 3700 SutherlandAve.Apt.l1 University ofTennessee Carla I.Dilling E-mail:[email protected] Phone:540-231-5832 Blacksburg, VA24061 311 PriceHall Virginia Tech Dr. TheresaDellinger

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:613-228-6698 Ottawa, OntarioK2H8P9 3851 FallowfieldRd. CFIA Louise Dumouchel E-mail:[email protected] Atlanta, GA30309 1720 PeachtreeRoad,NW USDA ForestService,Health Don Duerr E-mail:[email protected] Raleigh, NC27695-7621 North CarolinaStateUniversity Adrian Duehl E-mail:[email protected] Phone:970-295-5843 Fort Collins,CO80526 2150 CentreAve,BldASte331 USDA ForestService Marla Downing E-mail:[email protected] Phone:229-386-3298 Tifton, GA31793 4601 ResearchWay University ofGeorgia Dr. KeithDouce E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-467-0551 Gary, NC27511 217 Rosecommon Lane Coleman Doggett E-mail:[email protected] Phone:603-868-7743 Durham, NH03824 271 MastRoad USDA ForestService Kevin Dodds Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail: Blacksburg, VA24061 216a PriceHall Virginia Tech Brian Eisenback E-mail:[email protected] Phone:903-388-9908 Hancock, MI49930 408 MineSt. Michigan TechnologicalUniversity Tara Eberhart E-mail:[email protected] Golden, CO80401 740 Simms Street USDA ForestService,R2RO Tom Eager E-mail:[email protected] Carson City,NV89701 2525 S.CarsonSt. Nevada DivisionofForestry Gail Durham E-mail: Phone:404-347-7212 Atlanta, GA30309 1720 PeachtreeRd,NW, Suite862s USDA ForestService Mr. JamesA.Ehlers E-mail:[email protected] Phone:541-383-5701 Bend, OR97702 1001 SwEmkay Drive USDA ForestService Dr. AndrisEglitis E-mail:[email protected] Phone:434-977-6555 Charlottesville, VA22903 900 NaturalResourcesDr.,Suite800 Virginia Department ofForestry Todd Edgerton [email protected] [email protected]

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:530-758-5151 Davis, CA95616 1107 KennedyPlace,Suite 8 USDA ForestService Dr. ChristopherJ.Fettig E-mail:[email protected] Phone:864-650-4344 Asheville, NC29631 109 CochranRd. Clemson University Mark Faulkenberry E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1575 Morgantown, WV 26505-3101 180 CanfieldSt. USDA ForestService Mary AnnFajvan E-mail:[email protected] Phone:510-642-5806 Berkeley, CA94720 Division ofOrganisms andEnvironment 140 MulfordHall University ofCalifornia,Berkeley Nadir Erbilgin E-mail:[email protected] Phone:555-804-5996 Montecillo, 56230 KM 36.5corr.Mexido-Texcoco Colegio dePostgraduados Armando Equihua E-mail:[email protected] Phone:970-295-5842 Fort Collins,CO80526 2150 CentreAve.Bldg.A,Suite331 USDA ForestService James Ellenwood E-mail:[email protected] Phone:413-545-4816 Amherst, MA01003 Dept. ofPSIS,FernaldHall University of Massachusetts Joseph S.Elkinton Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail: [email protected] Phone:928-556-2072 Flagstaff, AZ86001 2500 S.PineKnollDrive USDA ForestService Bobbe Fitzgibbon E-mail:[email protected] Fayetteville, AR72701 Dept. ofEntomology University ofArkansas Melissa Fierke E-mail:[email protected] Phone:352-392-1901 x130 Gainesville, FL32611-0620 P. O.Box110980 Natural AreaDrive,Bldg. 970 University of Florida John L.Foltz E-mail:[email protected] West Lafayette,IN47907 901 W. StateStreet Purdue University Carolyn Foley E-mail:[email protected] Phone:540-231-8945 Blacksburg, VA24061 Dept. ofEntomology 216A PriceHall,MC0319 Virginia Tech Robbie W.Flowers E-mail:[email protected] Sault Ste.Marie,ONP6A2E5 1219 QueenSt.E. Canadian ForestService Richard A.Fleming E-mail:[email protected] Phone:208-666-8624 Coeur d'Alene, ID83815 3780 IndustrialAveS Idaho Department ofLands Jeffrey G.Fidgen

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-547-2870 Chapel Hill,NC27517 6717 GlenForestDrive BASF Corporation Dr. JamesA.Gagne E-mail:[email protected] Phone:404-562-3113 Atlanta, GA30303 100 Alabama St.SW National ParkService Chris Furqueron E-mail:[email protected] Phone:302-731-7330 x223 Newark, DE19713 501 SouthChapelStreet Beneficial InsectsIntroduction USDA-ARS Mr. RogerW.Fuester E-mail:[email protected] Phone:603-646-2380 Hanover, NH03755 202 Gilman Hall-Hb6044 Dartmouth College Nicholas Friedenberg E-mail:[email protected] Houghton, MI49930 1400 TownsendDr. Michigan TechnologicalUniversity Janet L.Frederick E-mail:[email protected] Phone:706-559-4273 Athens, GA30602 320 GreenSt. USDA ForestService Stephen Fraedrich Asheville, NC University of NorthCarolina James Fox Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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Mr. JohnGhent E-mail:[email protected] Phone:928-523-9200 Flagstaff, AZ86011 Box 15018SchoolofForestry Northern ArizonaUniversity Monica Gaylord E-mail:[email protected] Phone:603-646-2380 Hanover, NH03755 Dept. ofBiol.Sciences Dartmouth College, Gilman Hall Jeff Garnas E-mail:[email protected] Fayetteville, AR72701 University ofArkansas Larry Galligan E-mail:[email protected] Phone:506-261-2424 San Jose,SJO002150 ChemTica Internacional,Apdo.159-2150 Mrs. LillianaM.Gonzalez E-mail:[email protected] Phone:510-559-6474 Berkeley, CA94701 P.O. Box245 USDA ForestService Nancy Gillette E-mail:[email protected] Phone:406-329-3278 Missoula, MT59807 P.O. Box7669 USDA ForestService,Health Ken Gibson E-mail:[email protected] Phone:828-257-4328 Asheville, NC28804 200 Wt Weaver Blvd US ForestService

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:517-355-7740 x108 East Lansing,MI48823 1407 SHarrisonRd USDA ForestService Robert Haack E-mail:[email protected] Phone:501-623-1180 x103 Hot Springs,AR71902 P.O. Box1270 USDA ForestService James Guldin E-mail:[email protected] Phone:936-639-8177 Lufkin, TX75901 P. O.Box310 Texas ForestService Donald Grosman E-mail:[email protected] Bruxelles, BXL1050 Cp 160/12-Ulb50AvFdRoosevelt Universite LibreDeBruxellesLubies Dr. Jean-ClaudeGregoire E-mail:[email protected] Phone:865-974-0218 Knoxville, TN37934 11915 BurnsidePlace University ofTennessee Jerome F.Grant Phone: 225-578-1827 Baton Rouge,LA70803 Dept. ofEntomology Louisana StateUniversity Richard A.Goyer E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1598 Morgantown, WV 26505-3101 180 CanfieldSt. USDA ForestService Kurt Gottschalk Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail:[email protected] Phone:250-387-8742 Victoria, BC P.O. Box9513 BC MinistryofForestry&Range Peter M.Hall E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-473-7282 Pineville, LA71360 2500 ShreveportHighway USDA ForestService Timothy J.Haley E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-515-3804 Raleigh, NC27695 Box 7626GrinnellsLab NC StateUniversity Fred P.Hain E-mail:[email protected] Athens, GA30602-2044 320 GreenStreet USDA ForestService,Southern Research Jim Hanula E-mail:[email protected] Phone:435-755-3575 Logan, UT84321 860 N1200E USFS-Rocky MountainResearchStation Earl M.Hansen E-mail:[email protected] Phone:951-827-4488 Riverside, CA92521 Rm. 241Entomology Bldg. University ofCalifornia,Riverside Christopher C.Hanlon E-mail:[email protected] Phone:801-975-3845 Salt LakeCity,UT84119 2222 W 2300S Remote SensingApplicationsCenter USDA ForestService Red CastleResources Dr. RandyHamilton

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:330-202-3506 Wooster, OH44691 1680 MadisonAve. Ohio StateUniversity/OARDC-Entomology Daniel Herms E-mail:[email protected] Phone:717-779-2012 Emigsville, PA17318 P.O. Box435 105 E.SinkingSpringsLane Hercon Environmental Company Mr. JamesH.Heath E-mail:[email protected] Phone:828-438-6270 Morganton, NC28655 701 SanfordDrive North CarolinaForestService Brian Heath E-mail:[email protected] Phone:203-432-6138 New Haven,CT06520 165 ProspectSt.,EebOml 227b P.O. Box208106 Yale University Nathan Havill E-mail:[email protected] Phone:651-649-5248 St. Paul,MN55108 1992 FolwellAvenue USDA ForestService Dennis Haugen E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-467-6075 Cary, NC27513 111 DublinWoods Dr. North CarolinaStateUniversity Dr. FeltonL.Hastings E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-515-2746 Raleigh, NC27695-7621 North CarolinaStateUniversity Jim Harper Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail:[email protected] Phone:928-556-2021 Flagstaff, AZ86011-5018 School ofForestry Northern ArizonaUniversity Richard Hofstetter E-mail:[email protected] Phone:250-565-6122 Prince George,BCV2M4S7 1011-4th Avenue British Columbia Ministryof Forests Mr. RobertS.Hodgkinson E-mail:[email protected] Fort Collins,CO80523 1499 Campus Delivery Colorado StateUniversity Jeffrey Hicke E-mail:[email protected] Pretoria, 0002 University ofPretoria FABI Brett Hurley E-mail:[email protected] Phone:250-960-5119 Prince George,BCV2N4Z9 3333 UniversityWay UNBC Dr. Dezene Huber E-mail:[email protected] Phone:503-668-1475 Sandy, OR97055-7248 16400 Champion Way USDA ForestService Bruce B.Hostetler E-mail:[email protected] Phone:765-494-7739 West Lafayette,IN47907 901 W. StateSt. Purdue University Dept. ofEntomology Dr. JeffD.Holland

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:703-308-5071 Washington, DC20460 1200 PennsylvaniaAve., Nw(7511c) Ariel RiosBuilding Environmental ProtectionAgency Dr. RussellJones E-mail:[email protected] Phone:706-542-9608 Athens, GA30605 1055 EastWhitehall Road Georgia ForestryCommission James Johnson E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-473-7064 Pineville, LA71360 2500 ShreveportHighway USDA ForestService Crawford W.Johnson E-mail:[email protected] Phone:506-449-8026 Fredericton, NBE3B2C7 625 BedewithSt. University ofNewBrunswick Rob Johns E-mail:[email protected] Phone:86-10-62576047 Beijing, China Institute ofZoology Sun Jianghua E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-515-6424 Raleigh, NC27695-7626 3200 FaucetteDrive,1106GrinnellsLab North CarolinaStateUniversity Mr. RobertM.Jetton E-mail:[email protected] Phone:780-492-6965 Edmonton, ABT6G2E3 Department ofResources 442 EarthSciencesBuilding University ofAlberta Joshua Jacobs Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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Asheville, NC28804 200 Wt. Weaver Blvd USDA ForestService Mr. BruceKauffman E-mail:[email protected] Phone:662-325-8359 Mississippi State,MS39762 P.O.Box9681Thompson Hall Department ofForestry Mississippi StateUniversity Youngmin Kang E-mail:[email protected] Phone:208-373-4225 Boise, ID83709 1249 S.VinnellWay USDA ForestService,Health Carl Jorgensen E-mail:[email protected] Phone:479-575-3396 Fayetteville, AR72701 319 AgriBldg University ofArkansas Brent Kelley E-mail:[email protected] Phone:203-230-4308 Hamden, CT06514 51 MillPondRoad USDA ForestService Dr. MelodyA.Keena E-mail:[email protected] Phone:406-542-4283 Missoula, MT59804 2705 SpurginRd. Montana Dept.ofNaturalResources Amy M.Kearney E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-515-1664 Raleigh, NC27606 2311 Champion Court North CarolinaStateUniversity Navdip Kaur E-mail:[email protected] Phone:615-837-5176

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-855-7318 Raleigh, NC27606 920 MainCampus Drive,Suite200 USDA Dr. BrianJ.Kopper E-mail:[email protected] Phone:928-523-7491 Flagstaff, AZ86001-5018 Box 5018,SchoolofForestry Northern ArizonaUniversity Tom Kolb E-mail:[email protected] Edmonton, ALBERTAT6G2E3 Dept. ofRenewableResources,4-42Esb University ofAlberta Matti J.Koivula E-mail:[email protected] Phone:541-737-8465 Corvallis, OR97331 321 RichardsonHall Oregon StateUniversity Glenn Kohler E-mail:[email protected] Augusta, WI 54722 E23260 KarowRd. Michigan TechnologicalUniversity Rita M.Koch E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-473-7238 Pineville, LA71360 2500 ShreveportHwy USDA ForestService,RWU 4501 Kier D.Klepzig E-mail:[email protected] Charleston, WV 25305 1900 KanawhaBlvd.East West VirginiaDepartment of Agriculture Karen J.Kish Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail:[email protected] Phone:250-363-6031 Victoria, BCV8Z1M5 506 West BurnsideRoad Natural ResourcesCanada Dr. WernerA.Kurz E-mail:[email protected] Phone:828-438-6270 Bostic, NC28018 910 ToneyRoad North CarolinaForestService Craig P.Lawing E-mail:[email protected] Lexington, KY40546-0091 S 225AgNorth Department ofEntomology University ofKentucky Aerin D.Land Phone:508-563-9303 Otis ANGB,MA02542 USDA Bldg1398 David Lance E-mail:[email protected] Blacksburg, VA24061 208 PriceHall Virginia Tech Dr. AshleyLamb E-mail: Phone:936-468-2141 Nacogdoches, TX75962 P. O.Box6109 Stephen F.AustinStateUniversity Dr. DavidL.Kulhavy E-mail:[email protected] Itasca, IL60143 300 ParkBlvd Forest One,Inc. Dr. NicholasT.Kouchoukos [email protected]

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Gatineau, QUEBEJ8X3X7 C.P. 1250,SuccursaleHull Universite DuQuebecEnOutaouais Francois Lorenzetti E-mail:[email protected] Phone:605-394-6118 Golden, CO80401 740 Simms Street USDA ForestService,R2RO Daniel F.Long E-mail:[email protected] Phone:573-882-7488 Columbia, MO65211 2-44 AgricultureBuilding University ofMissouri Dr. MarcJ.Linit E-mail:[email protected] Phone:509-946-5998 Richland, WA 99354 2122 HarrisAve. University ofArkansas Marita P.Lih E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1512 Morgantown, WV 26505-3101 180 CanfieldSt. USDA ForestService Andrew Liebhold E-mail:[email protected] Phone:828-257-4329 Asheville, NC28804 200 Wt Weaver Blvd. USDA ForestService Donna S.Leonard E-mail:[email protected] Phone:828-257-4854 Asheville, NC28802 P. O.Box2680 USDA ForestService Danny Lee Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail:[email protected] Phone:865-385-2444 Knoxville, TN37909 1545 Coleman Rd.,AptC University ofTennessee Christine A.Lynch Email:[email protected] Phone:828-757-5611 Bonner Elk,NC28604 472 BerryRd. North CarolinaDivisionofForestResources Gina Luker E-mail:[email protected] Phone:772-567-5218 x116 Vero Beach,FL32967 7145 58thAve. Syngenta Clark Lovelady E-mail:[email protected] Phone:703-605-5340 Arlington, VA22209 1601 N.KentStreet Rosslyn Plaza,BuildingC USDA ForestService Dr. RobertD.Mangold E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-473-7296 Pineville, LA71360 2500 ShreveportHighway USDA ForestService Dr. AlexanderC.Mangini E-mail:[email protected] Phone:780-492- 4155 Edmonton, ABT6G2H1 442 EarthSciencesBldg. University ofAlberta Chris MacQuarrie E-mail:[email protected] Phone:802-439-5252 Corinth, VT05039 211 JoeLordRd. Redstart Forestry Ben Machin

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:970-498-1065 Fort Collins,CO80525 240 W. Prospect Colorado StateUniversity/USDA ForestService Sally McElwey E-mail:[email protected] Phone:970-227-9370 Fort Collins,CO80526 2150A CentreAve.Suite331 USDA ForestService Tim McConnell E-mail:[email protected] Phone:517-355-7445 East Lansing,MI48824-1115 243 NaturalScienceBuilding Dept. ofEntomology Michigan StateUniversity Dr. DeborahMcCullough E-mail:[email protected] Phone:352-372-3505 X119 Gainesville, FL32608 1911 Sw34thStreet Florida Department ofAgriculture Dr. BudMayfield E-mail:[email protected] Blacksburg, VA24061 216a PriceHall Virginia Tech David Mausel E-mail:[email protected] Phone:715-362-1174 Rhinelander, WI 54501 5985 HighwayK USDA ForestService Bill Mattson E-mail:[email protected] Phone:603-646-2788 Hanover, NH03755 Dept. ofBiology Dartmouth College Sharon Martinson Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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Phone:510-642-5806 Berkeley, CA94720 145 MulfordHall University ofCalifornia,Berkeley Brice McPherson E-mail:[email protected] Phone:928-556-2074 Flagstaff, AZ86001 2500 S.PineKnollDrive USDA ForestService Joel McMillin E-mail:[email protected] Phone:604-822-3360 Vancouver, BCV6R3A8 3034-2424 MainMall University of BritishColumbia John A.McLean E-mail:[email protected] Phone:662-324-9039 Starkville, MS39759 105 ColonelMuldrowDrive Mississippi StateUniversity Timothy O.Menzel E-mail:[email protected] Phone:509-664-9213 Wenatchee, WA 98801 1133 NWestern Ave. Forestry SciencesLab. USDA ForestService Constance J.Mehmel E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-473-7284 Pineville, LA71360 2500 ShreveportHighway USDA ForestService James Meeker E-mail:[email protected] Phone:334-240-9363 Montgomery, AL36104-3631 513 MadisonAvenue Alabama ForestryCommission Dana Y.McReynolds E-mail:[email protected]

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:910-642-5093 Whiteville, NC28472 1413 ChadbournHwy North CarolinaForestService Jason Moan E-mail:[email protected] Phone:814-863-8352 University Park,PA16802 424 ForestResourcesBuilding National ParkService,NortheastRegion Mr. WayneMillington E-mail:[email protected] Athens, GA30602 320 GreenStreet USDA ForestService Daniel R.Miller E-mail:[email protected] Phone:334-448-6327 Auburn, AL36830 765 StantonDrive MeadWestvaco Corporation Mark K.Meyers E-mail:[email protected] Phone:202-401-4891 Washington, DC20250-2220 1400 IndependenceAvenue,Sw.Stop2220 USDA-CSREES-PAS Dr. HendrikJ.Meyer E-mail:[email protected] Phone:906-487-3417 Houghton, MI49931 1400 TownsendDrive Michigan TechnologicalUniversitySFRES Jessica A.Metzger E-mail:[email protected] Phone:828-257-4845 Asheville, NC28804 200 Wt Weaver Blvd. USDA ForestService Mr. PaulR.Merten Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-473-7242 Pineville, LA71360 2500 ShreveportHwy USFS SouthernResearchStation,Rwu4501 Dr. JohnC.Moser E-mail:[email protected] Phone:510-559-6336 Albany, CA94530 800 BuchananSt. USDA ForestService Phone:919-549-2518 Research TrianglePark,NC27709 2 T.W. AlexanderDr. Bayer ES Bruce Monke E-mail:[email protected] Phone:208-373-4226 Boise, ID83709 1249 S.VinnellWay USDA ForestService,Health Laura Moffitt E-mail:[email protected] Phone:208-373-4223 Boise, ID83709 1249 S.VinnellWay USDA ForestService,Health Phil Mocettini Sylvia Mori E-mail:[email protected] Phone:506-858-4975 Moncton, NBE1A3E9 Département DeBiologie,Pavillon Université DeMoncton Dr. GaétanMoreau E-mail:[email protected] Phone:613-947-9016 Ottawa, ONK1A0E4 580 BoothStreet-12thFloor Canadian ForestService Dr. BenjaminMoody E-mail:[email protected]

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:970-498-1252 Fort Collins,CO80526 240 W. Prospect Rocky MountainResearchStation Jose Negron E-mail:[email protected] Phone:828-257-4326 Asheville, NC28787 200 Wt Weaver Blvd. USDA ForestService Dr. JohnT.Nowak E-mail:[email protected] Raleigh, NC North CarolinaStateUniversity Leslie Newton E-mail:[email protected] Phone:604-940-9944 Delta, BCV4G1E9 7572 ProgressWay Phero TechInc. Dr. RalphJ.Nevill E-mail:[email protected] Phone:404-347-2719 Atlanta, GA30309 1720 PeachtreeRoad,Nw USDA ForestService Wesley A.Nettleton E-mail: Phone:662-325-2085 Mississippi State,MS39762 Box 9775 Mississippi StateUniversity Dr. T.EvanNebeker E-mail:[email protected] Phone:573-882-8835 Columbia, MO65211 Dept ofForestry 203 Abnr University ofMissouri Dr. Rose-MarieMuzika Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, [email protected] "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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Phone:304-285-1585 Morgantown, WV 26505 180 CanfieldStreet USDA ForestService William K.Oldland E-mail:[email protected] Phone:506-261-2424 San Jose,SJO002150 Apdo. 159-2150 ChemTica Internacional Dr. CamOehlschlager E-mail:o'[email protected] Phone:514-987-3000 x1 Montreal, QCH4A1K9 5270 NotreDame DeGraceApt.7 L'Universite DuQuebecAMontreal Christopher D.O'Connor E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-578-1843 Baton Rouge,LA70803 404 LifeScienceBldg. Dept.of Entomology Louisiana StateUniversityAg.Center Mr. EricP.Ott E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1546 Morgantown, WV 26505 180 CanfieldStreet USDA ForestService Bradley P.Onken E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1565 Morgantown, WV 26505 180 CanfieldStreet USDA ForestService Amy H.Onken E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-473-7294 Pineville, LA71360 2500 ShreveportHwy USDA ForestService Dr. ForrestL.Oliveria E-mail:[email protected]

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:385-1-627-3003 Jastrebarsko, CROATIA 10450 Cvjetno Naselje41 Forest ResearchInstitute Dr. MilanPernek E-mail:[email protected] Phone:208-765-7430 Coeur d'Alene, ID83815 3815 SchrieberWay USDA ForestService Lee Pederson E-mail:[email protected] Phone:662-325-0596 Starkville, MS39759 103 LaurelHillDrive Mississippi StateUniversity Olga Pechanova E-mail:[email protected] Phone:573-882-3846 Columbia, MO65211 2-69 AgricultureBldg. University ofMissouri Dr. ThomasL.Payne E-mail:[email protected] Phone:315-470-6753 Syracuse, NY13210 1 ForestryDrive SUNY- CollegeofEnvironmental Science Dr. DylanParry E-mail:[email protected] Amherst, MA01003 101 FernaldHall University of Massachusetts Annie Paradis E-mail:[email protected] Redding, CA96002 6105 AirportRd California Department ofForestryandFire Donald R.Owen Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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Phone:573-884-2438 Columbia, MO65211 1-31 Ag.Building University ofMissouri Olga Pinzon E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-473-7170 Pineville, LA71360 2500 ShreveportHighway USDA ForestService Saul D.Petty E-mail:[email protected] Phone:734-647-9835 Ann Arbor,MI48109-1041 440 ChurchSt, 3536 DanaBldg. University of Michigan Dr. HollyA.Petrillo E-mail:[email protected] Phone:828-257-4843 Asheville, NC28804 200 Wt Weaver Blvd US ForestService Mr. DerekL.Puckett E-mail:[email protected] Phone:435-797-1953 Logan, UT84322-3900 3900 OldMainHill Utah StateUniversity James Powell E-mail:[email protected] Phone:970-498-1269 Livermore, CO80536 130 Humboldt Drive USDA ForestService John Popp E-mail:[email protected] Phone:603-868-7739 Durham, NH03824 271 MastRoad USDA ForestService Jennifer A.Pontius E-mail:[email protected]

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:412-688-8668 Pittsburgh, PA15213-4080 4400 ForbesAve. Carnegie Museum ofNaturalHistory J. Rawlins E-mail:[email protected] Phone:208-765-7343 Coeur d'Alene, ID83815 3815 SchreiberWay Forest Service,HealthProtection Carol Randall E-mail:[email protected] Phone:603-868-7708 Durham, NH03824 271 MastRoad USDA ForestService Bernard Raimo E-mail: [email protected] Phone:503-808-2915 Portland, OR97204 333 SwFirstAve. USDA ForestService Iral Ragenovich E-mail:[email protected] Phone:608-262-1125 Madison, WI 53706 Dept. ofEntomology University ofWisconsin Ken Raffa E-mail:[email protected] Phone:703-605-5338 Arlington, VA22209 1601 NorthKentStreet Rosslyn Plaza,BuildingC USDA ForestService Bob Rabaglia E-mail:[email protected] Phone:517-355-7740 East Lansing,MI48824 Department ofEntomology 243 NaturalScienceBuilding Michigan StateUniversity Deepa Pureswaran Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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Carbondale, IL62901 1000 S.Emerald Lane Southern IllinoisUniversity Dr. JohnD.Reeve E-mail:[email protected] Phone:202-205-1702 Washington, DC20250 1400 IndependanceAve.,Sw1nwYates USDA ForestService Jimmy L.Reaves E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1566 Morgantown, WV 26505 180 CanfieldStreet USDA ForestService Richard Reardon E-mail:[email protected] Phone:828-257-4314 Asheville, NC28804 200 Wt Weaver Blvd US ForestService Mr. JamesRhea E-mail:[email protected] Phone:865-385-9563 Knoxville, TN37996-4563 2431 JoeJohnsonDr.Rm. 205 University ofTennessee William N.Reynolds E-mail:[email protected] Phone:403-220-3033 Calgary, ABT2N1N4 Dept. BiologicalSciences University of Calgary Dr. MaryReid E-mail:[email protected] Columbia, SC29210 5500 BroadRiverRoad South CarolinaForestryCommission Laurie Reid E-mail:[email protected] Phone:618-453-6670

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-733-2162 x256 Raleigh, NC27699-1616 1616 MailServiceCenter North CarolinaDivision ofForestResources Donald F.Rogers Phone:919-515-5314 Raleigh, NC27695 Box 8008Dept.ofForestry North CarolinaStateUniversity Daniel J.Robison E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1501 Morgantown, WV 26505-3101 180 CanfieldSt. C/O USDAForestService French NationalInstituteForAgricultural Christelle Robinet E-mail:[email protected] Phone:208-727-5021 Ketchum, ID83340 5 NorthForkCanyonRd USDA -ForestService Mr. JimF.Rineholt E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-549-4015 Research TrianglePark,NC27709 3041 CornwallisRoad USDA ForestService Dr. KurtRiitters Fayetteville, AR72701 University ofArkansas John Riggins E-mail:[email protected] Phone:859-257-1167 Lexington, KY40546-0091 S225 AgNorth Department ofEntomology University ofKentucky Lynne K.Rieske-Kinney Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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Blacksburg, VA24061 210 PriceHall Virginia Tech Dr. ScottM.Salom E-mail:[email protected] Phone:541-737-6566 Corvallis, OR97331 Oregon StateUniversity Department ofForestScience Darrell Ross E-mail:[email protected] Olivet, FRANCE45166 INRAINRA- ZoologieForestière Dr. AlainRoques E-mail:[email protected] Phone:208-373-4220 Boise, ID83709 1249 S.VinnellWay USDA ForestService, Health Dwight Scarbrough E-mail:[email protected] Phone:508-563-9303 Otis ANGB,MA02542 USDA, Bldg1398 Alan Sawyer E-mail:[email protected] Phone:970-295-5840 Fort Collins,CO80526 2150 CentreAve,Bld.A,Suite331 USDA ForestService Frank Sapio E-mail:[email protected] Phone:505-476-3351 Santa Fe,NM87504 1220 S.St.Francis P.O. Box1948 New MexicoStateUniversity Stephani Sandoval E-mail:[email protected] Phone:540-231-2794

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:530-666-3200 Woodland, CA95776 765 LaugenourDr. USDA ForestService Patrick J.Shea E-mail:[email protected] Phone:505-233-1109 Managua,Nicaragua KM 121/2CarretevaNorteApartado453 Universidad NationalAgraria Alberto SedilesJaen E-mail:[email protected] Phone:404-347-2961 Atlanta, GA30309 1720 PeachtreeRoad,Room 850FHP USDA ForestService Carolyn A.Scott E-mail:[email protected] Phone:907-586-8883 Juneau, AK99801 2770 SherwoodLn. USDA ForestService Dr. MarkSchultz E-mail:[email protected] Phone:610-557-4121 Newtown Square,PA19073 11 Campus Blvd.,Suite200 Newtown SquareCorporateCampus USDA ForestService Mr. NoelF.Schneeberger E-mail:[email protected] Phone:662-686-3175 Stoneville, MS38776 P.O. Box227 USDA ForestService Dr. NathanM.Schiff E-mail:[email protected] Phone:435-770-7285 River Heights,UT84321 460 S.600E Rocky MountainResearchStation/Utah Greta K.Schen Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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Phone:517-432-3495 East Lansing,MI48824-1115 243 NaturalSciencesBuilding Michigan StateUniversity Dr. NathanW.Siegert E-mail:[email protected] Phone:203-230-4320 Hamden, CT06514 51 MillPondRoad USDA ForestService Dr. KathleenS.Shields E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-473-7256 Pineville, LA71360 2500 ShreveportHighway Southern ResearchStation USDA ForestService William P.Shepherd E-mail:[email protected] Longview, TX75604 1203 W. Loop281,SuiteB102 Texas ForestService L. AllenSmith E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-473-7056 Pineville, LA71360 2500 ShreveportHighway USDA ForestService Dr. JamesD.Smith E-mail:[email protected] Phone:970-295-5841 Fort Collins,CO80526 2150 CentreAve,BldASuite331 USDA ForestService Eric Smith E-mail:[email protected] Phone:406-329-3329 Missoula, MT59802 916 1/2Toole University ofMontana Kjerstin Skov E-mail:[email protected]

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:801-476-9732 Ogden, UT84403 4746 S.1900E. USDA ForestService Dr. BryttenSteed E-mail:[email protected] Phone:43-1-368635225 Vienna, AT1190 Hasenauerstr. 38 Univ.of NaturalResources&AppliedLife Dr. ChristianStauffer E-mail:[email protected] Phone:828-257-4229 Asheville, NC28804 200 Wt Weaver Blvd. USDA ForestService Mr. RichardSpriggs E-mail:[email protected] Phone:541-962-6574 La Grande,OR97850 1401 GekelerLane USFS, ForestHealthProtection Lia Spiegel E-mail:[email protected] Phone:717-948-3941 Middletown, PA17057-5027 208 AirportDrive,2ndFloor PA DCNR-BureauofForestry Sven Spichiger E-mail:[email protected] Phone:1-780-492-1426 Edmonton, ABT6G2H1 Dept. ofRenewableResources,751Gsb University ofAlberta Dr. JohnR.Spence E-mail:[email protected] Raleigh, NC27695-7621 Campus Box7630;NCSUl North CarolinaStateUniversity Clyde Sorenson Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail:[email protected] Phone:92-523-9200 Flagstaff, AZ86011 P. O.Box15018 Northern ArizonaUniversity Sky Stephens E-mail:[email protected] Phone:479-575-3404 Fayetteville, AR72701 Dept. ofEntomology, Agri319 University ofArkansas Fred Stephen E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1584 Morgantown, WV 26505 180 CanfieldStreet USDA ForestService John Stein E-mail:[email protected] Phone:734-764-2249 Ann Arbor,MI48109-1041 440 ChurchStreet 3532 DanaBuilding University of Michigan Jennifer Stoyenoff E-mail:[email protected] Houghton, MI49931 1400 TownsendDrive Michigan TechnologicalUniversity Dr. Andrew J.Storer E-mail:[email protected] Phone:662-325-8575 Starkville, MS39759 103 CrossgateStreet Mississippi StateUniversity Mr. DougStone E-mail:[email protected] Phone:979-846-0108 Bryan, TX77802 810 EnfieldStreet Michigan StateUniversity Stephanie A.Stephens

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:315-470-6758 Syracuse, NY13210 1 ForestryDr. SUNY-ESF Stephen Teale E-mail:[email protected] Phone:979-845-9735 College Station,TX77843-2475 Department ofEntomology Texas A&MUniversity Dr. MariaTchakerian E-mail:[email protected] Phone:603-6462380 Hanover, NH03755 103 Gilman Hall Dartmouth College Stephen J.Taerum E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-473-7206 Pineville, LA71360 2500 ShreveportHwy USDA FSSouthernResearchStation,Rwu4501 Brian Sullivan E-mail:[email protected] Phone:318-473-7232 Pineville, LA71360 2500 ShreveportHighway USDA ForestService,SouthernResearch Brian Strom E-mail:[email protected] Phone:615-837-5432 Nashville, TN37204 P.O. Box40627 Forestry Division Clint Strohmeier E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-515-1664 Louisburg, NC27549 32 GraySquirrelWay North CarolinaStateUniversity Mr. JohnB.Strider Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail: [email protected] Phone:301-504-5139 Silver Spring,MD20904 1724 LoftWay USDA, ARS Dr. KevinThorpe E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1574 Morgantown, WV 26505 180 CanfieldStreet USDA ForestService Harold Thistle E-mail:[email protected] Arlington, VA22209 1601 NorthKentStreet Rosslyn Plaza,BuildingC USDA ForestService Ralph Thier E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1544 Morgantown, WV 26505 180 CanfieldStreet USDA ForestService Richard M.Turcotte E-mail:[email protected] Phone:203-230-4312 Hamden, CT06514 51 MillPondRoad USDA ForestService Dr. RobertT.Trotter Email:[email protected] Phone:919-553-6178 Clayton, NC27539 2411 OldUs70West North CarolinaDivisionofForestResources Robert Trickel E-mail:[email protected] Phone:304-285-1514 Morgantown, WV 26505-3101 180 CanfieldSt. USDA ForestService Patrick Tobin

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:604-522-1121 Burnaby, BCV5E2P9 101 -7426HedelyAve. Synergy Semiochemicals Corporation David Wakarchuk E-mail:[email protected] Phone:928-523-6646 Flagstaff, AZ86011 P.O. Box15018 Northern ArizonaUniversity Dr. MichaelR.Wagner E-mail:[email protected] Zapopan, JALISCO45019 Col. SanJuanDe Periferico Poniente5360, CONAFOR Jaime Villa-Castillo E-mail:[email protected] Phone:828-734-7819 Maggie Valley,NC28751 48 SpruceStreet P.O. Box1873 Hemlock Healers,Inc Frank Varvoutis E-mail:[email protected] Phone:413-545-1061 Amherst, MA01003 Dept. ofPSIS,FernaldHall University of Massachusetts Roy VanDriesche E-mail:[email protected] Phone:936-639-8170 Lufkin, TX75901 P. O.Box310 Texas ForestService William Upton E-mail:[email protected] Athens, GA30602 320 GreenStreet USDA ForestService Mike Ulyshen Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail:[email protected] Phone:404-347-2989 Atlanta, GA30305 1720 PeachtreeRoad USDA ForestService Mr. JamesD.Ward E-mail:[email protected] Phone:541-737-8454 Corvallis, OR97331 Department ofForestScience Oregon StateUniversity Kimberly Wallin E-mail:[email protected] Shalimar, FL32579 11 BirchAvenue University ofWest Florida John Waldron E-mail:[email protected] Phone:787-832-4040 X2092 Mayaguez, PR00623 P.O. Box9030,Dept.OfAgronomy University ofPuertoRico,Mayaguez Dr. StefanieL.Whitmire E-mail:[email protected] Raleigh, NC27695-7621 North CarolinaStateUniversity Kate Whitley E-mail:[email protected] Phone:250-847-6383 Smithers, BCV0J2N0 Bag 6000 British Columbia Ministryof Forests Kenneth J.White E-mail:[email protected] Phone:541-758-1045 Corvallis, OR97330-3027 8080 NW RidgewoodDrive Forest HealthConsultants Dr. RichardA.Werner

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:734-764-2249 Ann Arbor,MI48109-1041 440ChurchStreet University ofMichigan,3532DanaBuilding John Witter E-mail:[email protected] Phone:970-498-1387 Fort Collins,CO80526 2629 RedwingRoad,Ste110 SI International,Inc. Dr. JohnR.Withrow E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-715-1482 Raleigh, NC27616 6900 ParkPlace North CarolinaStateUniversity Logan Williams E-mail:[email protected] Berkeley, CA94704 89 ArdenRd. University ofCalifornia,Berkeley Carroll Williams E-mail:[email protected] Phone:503-668-1477 Sandy, OR97055 16400 Champion Way USDA ForestService,Mt.HoodNfHq Elizabeth A.Willhite E-mail:[email protected] Phone:315-470-4810 Syracuse, NY13210 1 ForestryDr. SUNY-ESF241 IllickHall Jacob D.Wickham E-mail:[email protected] Phone:919-515-6424 Raleigh, NC27695-7626 3200 FaucetteDrive,1106GrinnellsLab North CarolinaStateUniversity Mr. WilliamA.Whittier Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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Phone:208-765-7344 Coeur D'alene, ID83815 3815 SchreiberWay USDA ForestService,IdahoPanhandleNf's Doug Wulff E-mail:[email protected] Phone:514-987-3000 x244 Succursale Centre-villeMontréal,QCH3C3P8 Case Postale8888, Département Des SciencesBiologiques, Université DuQuébecàMontréal(UQAM) Timothy T.Work E-mail:[email protected] Phone:510-642-5538 Moraga, CA94556 26 HardieDrive University of California David L.Wood E-mail:[email protected] Phone:765-494-4601 West Lafayette,IN47907 901 W. StateSt. Purdue University,B18Smith Hall Shulin Yang E-mail:[email protected] Phone:250-387-3338 Victoria, BCV8V1N1 722 JohnsonStreet.1stFloor B.C. ForestService Dr. AlvinD.Yanchuk E-mail:[email protected] Phone:979-845-9736 College Station,TX77843-2475 Department ofEntomology Texas A&MUniversity Shiho Yamamoto E-mail:[email protected] Phone:979-845-9736 College Station,TX77843-2475 Department ofEntomology Texas A&MUniversity Dr. WeiminXi E-mail:[email protected]

Version postprint E-mail:[email protected] Phone:706-542-2264 Athens, GA30605 137 W. Paces University ofGeorgia Mr. JamesD.Young E-mail:[email protected] Phone:703-605-5344 Arlington, VA22209 1601 NorthKentSt. USDA ForestService Larry Yarger Paris Basin. In:Proceedings :North American Forest InsectWork Conference "Metamorphosis: The Robinet, C.,Roques,A. (2006).Modelling thePine Processionary Mothrangeexpansion inthe force ofchange" (p. p.245). Presented at 4.North American Forest Insect Work Conference, "Metamorphosis: The forces of change", Asheville, USA (2006-05-22 - 2006-05-26).

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E-mail:[email protected] Phone:517-355-4561 East Lansing,MI48824 209 ManlyMilesBldg. 1405 SouthHarrisonRoad Michigan StateUniversity Amos Ziegler E-mail:[email protected] Mississippi State,MS39762 P. O.Box3121 Mississippi StateUniversity Cetin Yuceer