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La Reserva Natural Del Puerto Mar Del Plata, Oasis Urbano De Vida Silvestre

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La Reserva Natural Del Puerto Mar Del Plata, Oasis Urbano De Vida Silvestre RESERVA NATURAL DEL PUERTO MAR DEL PLATA, UN OASIS URBANO DE VIDA SILVESTRE Universidad FASTA Gran Canciller Dr. Fr. Aníbal E. Fosbery Rector Dr. Juan Carlos Mena Decano Facultad de Ingeniería Ing. Roberto Giordano Lerena Secretaria de Investigación y Postgrado Lic. Mónica Pascual Coordinador de Ingeniería Ambiental Ing. Simón Caparrós RESERVA NATURAL DEL PUERTO MAR DEL PLATA, UN OASIS URBANO DE VIDA SILVESTRE Silvia Graciela De Marco Laura Estela Vega Patricio Juan Bellagamba Universidad FASTA Mar del Plata, junio de 2011 2010 -2016 Bicentenario de la Patria Reserva Natural del Puerto Mar del Plata, un oasis urbano de vida silvestre / coordinado por Silvia Graciela De Marco ; Laura Estela Vega ; Patricio Juan Bellagamba. - 1a ed. - Mar del Plata : Universidad FASTA, 2011. Ebook . : il. eISBN 978-987-1312-37-5 1. Reservas Naturales. I. De Marco, Silvia Graciela, coord. II. Vega, Laura Estela, coord. III. Bellagamba, Patricio Juan, coord. CDD 333.951 6 Fecha de catalogación: 02/06/2010 Responsable de Edición Lic. José Miguel Ravasi © Universidad FASTA Ediciones Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad FASTA. Gascón 3145 – B7600FNK Mar del Plata, Argentina +54 223 4990400 [email protected]; [email protected] edición digital junio de 2011 Queda hecho el depósito que establece la Ley 11.723 Impreso en Argentina - Printed in Argentina Queda prohibida, salvo excepción prevista en la ley, cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y transformación de esta obra sin contar con la autorización de los titulares de propiedad intelectual. La infracción de los derechos mencionados puede ser constitutiva de delito contra la propiedad intelectual. Índice Prólogo _________________________________________________________ xiii El hábitat ________________________________________________________ xv Desde la Fundación RNPMdP _______________________________________ xvii Agradecimientos _________________________________________________ xix Autores de esta obra ______________________________________________ xxi Abreviaturas utilizadas ____________________________________________ xxiv Presentación _____________________________________________________ xxv Sección 1. Origen, historia y conservación de la RNPMdP _______________ 27 Capítulo 1. Patrimonio natural, reservas urbanas y el caso de la Reserva 29 Natural del Puerto Mar del Plata (RNPMdP). P. Bellagamba _____________ Definición de área protegida (APs) __________________________________________ 29 Características de las categorías propuestas por la UICN en 1978 _________________ 30 Características de las categorías propuestas por la UICN en 1994 _________________ 33 Categorías de Manejo de la Administración de Parques Nacionales (APN) __________ 35 Otras categorías ________________________________________________________ 38 Patrimonio Mundial, UNESCO _____________________________________________ 40 Áreas Valiosas de Pastizal (AVPs) _________________________________________ 41 Nueva categoría de conservación: las Reservas Naturales Militares (RNM) _________ 41 Reservas naturales urbanas (RNUs) ________________________________________ 45 La Reserva Natural Puerto Mar del Plata (RNPMdP) ____________________________ 46 Bibliografía ____________________________________________________________ 49 Capítulo 2. Las lagunas del Puerto Mar del Plata: Un origen poco natural. 51 J. L. del Río ____________________________________________________ Introducción ____________________________________________________________ 51 1938 _________________________________________________________________ 51 1945 _________________________________________________________________ 53 De los 50s a los 80s _____________________________________________________ 54 A partir de los 80s _______________________________________________________ 55 Conclusiones ___________________________________________________________ 56 Agradecimientos ________________________________________________________ 57 Bibliografía ____________________________________________________________ 57 Capítulo 3. La Fundación Reserva Natural del Puerto Mar del Plata (FRNPMdP). Su origen, sus objetivos y su accionar. C. Bracchi y F. 59 Evangelista _____________________________________________________ Los orígenes ___________________________________________________________ 59 Uno de los motivos de su creación: la importancia ecológica y ambiental del área ____ 60 La declaración fundacional de la FRNPMdP ___________________________________ 60 vii Cronología de las tareas de la FRNPMdP _____________________________________ 61 Bibliografía _____________________________________________________________ 74 Sección 2. La biodiversidad en la RNPMdP____________________________ 75 Capítulo 4. Una mirada a la clasificación de la biodiversidad. S. G. De 77 Marco _________________________________________________________ Introducción ____________________________________________________________ 77 ¿Cómo se ordena la biodiversidad? _________________________________________ 77 La nomenclatura binomial ________________________________________________ 79 ¿Por qué en ciencia no se usan los nombres vulgares o comunes? ________________ 80 Bibliografía _____________________________________________________________ 81 Capítulo 5. La vegetación de la RNPMdP. M. M. Gutiérrez, N. Borrelli, M. 83 Fernández Honaine, M. F. Alvarez y A. López de Armentia _______________ Introducción ____________________________________________________________ 83 La vegetación de la RNPMdP ______________________________________________ 87 Comunidades vegetales de los médanos costeros ______________________________ 87 Médanos vivos _________________________________________________________ 87 El espartillar __________________________________________________________ 87 Médanos semifijos ______________________________________________________ 89 Cortaderal ____________________________________________________________ 89 Cortaderal continental ___________________________________________________ 89 Cortaderal costero ______________________________________________________ 90 Tamarical _____________________________________________________________ 90 Juncal _______________________________________________________________ 91 Totoral _______________________________________________________________ 91 Comunidades vegetales de las lagunas ______________________________________ 91 Perfiles de vegetación ___________________________________________________ 92 Las especies vegetales de la RNPMdP _______________________________________ 94 Enredaderas ___________________________________________________________ 102 Hierbas _______________________________________________________________ 105 Arbustos ______________________________________________________________ 164 Árboles _______________________________________________________________ 168 Agradecimientos ________________________________________________________ 174 Bibliografía _____________________________________________________________ 174 Capítulo 6. Caracoles de la RNPMdP. C. G. De Francesco y E. Tietze _____ 177 Introducción ____________________________________________________________ 177 Especies dulceacuícolas __________________________________________________ 179 Pomacea canaliculata ___________________________________________________ 179 viii Heleobia parchappii _____________________________________________________ 181 Biomphalaria peregrina __________________________________________________ 183 Uncancylus concentricus _________________________________________________ 184 Stenophysa marmorata __________________________________________________ 185 Especies terrestres ______________________________________________________ 186 Consideraciones finales __________________________________________________ 186 Agradecimientos ________________________________________________________ 187 Bibliografía ____________________________________________________________ 187 Capítulo 7. La RNPMdP: una visión entomológica. J. L. Farina y A. C. 189 Cicchino _______________________________________________________ Introducción ____________________________________________________________ 189 Estudio de los insectos de la RNPMdP: en la búsqueda de bioindicadores ___________ 190 Las vías de conexión (“conectividad”) de la RNPMdP con el medio circundante. Su rol en la riqueza y persistencia de las poblaciones de insectos _______________________ 190 La diversidad entomológica de la RNPMdP, ejemplificada por las mariposas (Orden Lepidoptera) y los escarabajos (Orden Coleoptera) _____________________________ 195 La Heliconisa, guardiana de la RNPMdP y emblema del cortaderal ________________ 195 Otras polillas____________________________________________________________ 198 Mariposas _____________________________________________________________ 200 La primacía de los escarabajos (Coleoptera) __________________________________ 210 Otras especies de coleópteros presentes _____________________________________ 211 Amenazas para la entomofauna de la RNPMdP ________________________________ 212 Valor biológico de la RNPMdP desde la óptica entomológica. Importancia de su conservación ___________________________________________________________ 214 Agradecimientos ________________________________________________________ 215 Bibliografía ____________________________________________________________ 215 ANEXO I, II y III _________________________________________________________ 218 Capítulo 8. Los peces de la RNPMdP y las lagunas de Punta Mogotes. J. 243 C. Mallo y S. M. Bazzini ___________________________________________
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