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ICAR–NBAIR Annual Report 2019.Pdf
Annual Report 2019 ICAR–NATIONAL BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL INSECT RESOURCES Bengaluru 560 024, India Published by The Director ICAR–National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources P.O. Box 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, India Phone: +91 80 2341 4220; 2351 1998; 2341 7930 Fax: +91 80 2341 1961 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nbair.res.in ISO 9001:2008 Certified (No. 6885/A/0001/NB/EN) Compiled and edited by Prakya Sreerama Kumar Amala Udayakumar Mahendiran, G. Salini, S. David, K.J. Bakthavatsalam, N. Chandish R. Ballal Cover and layout designed by Prakya Sreerama Kumar May 2020 Disclaimer ICAR–NBAIR neither endorses nor discriminates against any product referred to by a trade name in this report. Citation ICAR–NBAIR. 2020. Annual Report 2019. ICAR–National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, India, vi + 105 pp. Printed at CNU Graphic Printers 35/1, South End Road Malleswaram, Bengaluru 560 020 Mobile: 9880 888 399 E-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Preface ..................................................................................................................................... v 1. Executive Summary................................................................................................................ 1 2. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 6 3. Research Achievements .......................................................................................................11 -
(L. 1758): on the Origin of Fatty Acids in Prepupae B
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN About lipid metabolism in Hermetia illucens (L. 1758): on the origin of fatty acids in prepupae B. Hoc1, M. Genva2, M.‑L. Fauconnier2, G. Lognay1, F. Francis1 & R. Caparros Megido1* Although increasingly targeted in animal nutrition, black soldier fy larvae or prepupae (BSF, Hermetia illucens L. 1758) require the characterization and modulation of their fatty acid profle to become fully integrated within the feed sector. This improvement will only be possible by the understanding of underlaying biochemical pathways of fatty acid synthesis in BSF. In this study, we hypothesized a labelling of de novo synthesized fatty acids in BSF by the incorporation of deuterated water (D2O) in their feed. Three batches of ffty larvae were reared on two diets with diferent polyunsaturated fatty acid profles moistened with 40% of H2O or D2O: chicken feed or 40% of chicken feed and 60% of fax cake. Although the occurrence of D2O in insect feed increased the larval development time and decreased prepupal weight, it was possible to track the biosynthesis of fatty acids through deuterium labelling. Some fatty acids (decanoic, lauric or myristic acid) were exclusively present in their deuterated form while others (palmitic, palmitoleic or oleic acid) were found in two forms (deuterated or not) indicating that BSF can partially produce these fatty acids via biosynthesis pathways and not only by bioaccumulation from the diet. These results suggest the importance of carbohydrates as a source of acetyl‑CoA in the constitution of the BSF fatty acid profle but also the potential importance of specifc enzymes (e.g. -
Examining Population Structure of a Bertha Armyworm, Mamestra
RESEARCH ARTICLE Examining population structure of a bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), outbreak in western North America: Implications for gene flow and dispersal 1☯³ 1☯³ 1 1 Martin A. ErlandsonID *, Boyd A. MoriID , Cathy CoutuID , Jennifer HolowachukID , 1 2 1 a1111111111 Owen O. Olfert , Tara D. Gariepy , Dwayne D. HegedusID * a1111111111 a1111111111 1 Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK CANADA, 2 London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON CANADA a1111111111 a1111111111 ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. ³ These authors are co-first authors on this work. * [email protected] (MAE); [email protected] (DDH) OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Erlandson MA, Mori BA, Coutu C, Holowachuk J, Olfert OO, Gariepy TD, et al. (2019) The bertha armyworm (BAW), Mamestra configurata, is a significant pest of canola (Bras- Examining population structure of a sica napus L. and B. rapa L.) in western North America that undergoes cyclical outbreaks bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata every 6±8 years. During peak outbreaks millions of dollars are spent on insecticidal control (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), outbreak in western North America: Implications for gene flow and and, even with control efforts, subsequent damage can result in losses worth millions of dol- dispersal. PLoS ONE 14(6): e0218993. https://doi. lars. Despite the importance of this pest insect, information is lacking on the dispersal ability org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218993 of BAW and the genetic variation of populations from across its geographic range which Editor: Tzen-Yuh Chiang, National Cheng Kung may underlie potential differences in their susceptibility to insecticides or pathogens. -
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
Proceedings of the United States National Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION • WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 123 1967 Number 3603 The Species of Hermetia of the aurata Group (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) By Maurice T. James and Willis W. Wirth l James {in Stone et al., 1965, "Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico," Agric. Res. Serv. Handbook 276) listed Hermetia aurata Bellardi (with H. a. eiseni Townsend as a subspecies and H. chrysopila Loew as a synonym), as a single variable species with wide geographic distribution in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Though some spade work that had been done by Wirth indicated that the three forms were specifically distinct and, in addition, several undescribed taxa were involved, more time and specimens were necessary to resolve the problem. The present study is built upon this foundation and includes a preliminary key plus additional material that has been assembled from a number of collections: the United States National Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, the California Academy of Sciences, Cornell University, Ohio State University, Michigan State University, the University of Kansas, Kansas State University, Washington 1 James: Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (Scientific Paper 2859, College of Agriculture, Washington State University; work conducted under Project 9043). Wirth: Insect Identification and Parasite Introduction Research Branch, Entomology Research Division, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 123 State University, Oregon State University, the University of Arizona, and the University of California at Berkeley, Davis, and Riverside. Holotypes and allotypes, unless otherwise stated, are in the United States National Museum. -
MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS (Maconpv): POTENTIAL CHITIN-BINDING PROTEINS and THEIR ROLE in ORAL INFECTIVITY
MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS (MacoNPV): POTENTIAL CHITIN-BINDING PROTEINS AND THEIR ROLE IN ORAL INFECTIVITY A thesis submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Amy Lynn Noakes © Copyright Amy Lynn Noakes, December 2012. All rights reserved. 1 PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis/dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis/dissertation work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis/dissertation or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis/dissertation. DISCLAIMER Reference in this thesis/dissertation to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by the University of Saskatchewan. The views and opinions of the author expressed herein do not state or reflect those of the University of Saskatchewan, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. -
An Annotated List of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 38: 1–549 (2010) Annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383 MONOGRAPH www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada Gregory R. Pohl1, Gary G. Anweiler2, B. Christian Schmidt3, Norbert G. Kondla4 1 Editor-in-chief, co-author of introduction, and author of micromoths portions. Natural Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 - 122 St., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5 2 Co-author of macromoths portions. University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E3 3 Co-author of introduction and macromoths portions. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, K.W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 4 Author of butterfl ies portions. 242-6220 – 17 Ave. SE, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2A 0W6 Corresponding authors: Gregory R. Pohl ([email protected]), Gary G. Anweiler ([email protected]), B. Christian Schmidt ([email protected]), Norbert G. Kondla ([email protected]) Academic editor: Donald Lafontaine | Received 11 January 2010 | Accepted 7 February 2010 | Published 5 March 2010 Citation: Pohl GR, Anweiler GG, Schmidt BC, Kondla NG (2010) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada. ZooKeys 38: 1–549. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383 Abstract Th is checklist documents the 2367 Lepidoptera species reported to occur in the province of Alberta, Can- ada, based on examination of the major public insect collections in Alberta and the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes. -
RECOGNIZING ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT CATERPILLAR PESTS of PACIFIC NORTHWEST ROW CROPS Prepared by A.L
EB1892 RECOGNIZING ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT CATERPILLAR PESTS OF PACIFIC NORTHWEST ROW CROPS Prepared by A.L. Antonelli, Ph.D., Washington State University Cooperative Extension entomologist, WSU Puyallup; P.J. Landolt, Ph.D., USDA, Wapato; D.F. Mayer, Ph.D., WSU research entomologist, WSU Prosser; and AH.W. Homan, University of Idaho entomologist (retired) Use pesticides with care. Apply them only to plants, animals, or sites listed on the label. When mixing and applying pesticides, follow all label precautions to protect yourself and others around you. It is a violation of the law to disregard label directions. If pesticides are spilled on skin or clothing, remove clothing and wash skin thoroughly. Store pesticides in their original containers and keep them out of the reach of children, pets, and livestock. Copyright 2000 Washington State University EB1892 RECOGNIZING ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT CATERPILLAR PESTS OF pacific northwest ROW CROPS Most economically important “worms” or caterpillars in the Pacific Northwest belong to the family Noctuidae, comprising the cutworms, armyworms, and loopers. The moth adults of this family collectively are known as “millers.” Although in this bulletin we deal primarily with the noctuid group, we describe two other species, the imported cabbageworm and the diamondback moth. They also are noted pests of the Northwest’s important cole crops. Because it is often more efficient to monitor for adults than for larvae, we include descriptions and photos of adults in this guide. Larvae photos are as true to type as we could find to reinforce the text. Word descriptions follow the style and format previously given by Johansen, 1973 (Fig 1) and can be used only with mature larvae. -
Lower Temperature Threshold of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Development
Wageningen Academic Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 2016;2016 online1(1): 1-8 ARTICLE IN PRESS Publishers Lower temperature threshold of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) development L.A. Holmes1*, S.L. VanLaerhoven2 and J.K. Tomberlin3 1Department of Biology, Queen’s University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, K7L 3N6 Ontario, Canada; 2Department of Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, N9B 3P4 Ontario, Canada; 3Department of Entomology, Texas A&M OPEN ACCESS University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, 77843-2475 TX, USA; [email protected] Received: 2 February 2016 / Accepted: 4 March 2016 © 2016 Wageningen Academic Publishers RESEARCH ARTICLE Abstract The black soldier fly has shown great promise in addressing two environmental concerns: (1) waste management; and (2) protein supplementation for use as feed for livestock, poultry, and aquaculture. Thus, tremendous efforts have been placed on mass-production of the black soldier fly. Currently, little is known about the thermal tolerance limits of black soldier fly eggs and immatures. The objective of this study was to determine the lower temperature threshold for black soldier fly development. Development time, egg eclosion and adult emergence success were measured at 12, 16 and 19 °C. We determined that the lower threshold for egg hatch was between 12 and 16 °C, taking 15 days to hatch. Furthermore, we determined that the lower temperature threshold for larvae is between 16 and 19 °C with egg hatch in 7.75 days at 19 °C. Mean development time from egg to adult at 19 °C was 72 days. Keywords: aquaculture, Hermetia illucens, insect-based protein production, sustainable protein, waste conversion 1. -
(Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larval Development
DIRECT INJURY,MYIASIS,FORENSICS Influence of Resources on Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larval Development 1,2 3 1 TRINH T. X. NGUYEN, JEFFERY K. TOMBERLIN, AND SHERAH VANLAERHOVEN J. Med. Entomol. 50(4): 898Ð906 (2013); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ME12260 ABSTRACT Arthropod development can be used to determine the time of colonization of human remains to infer a minimum postmortem interval. The black soldier ßy, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) is native to North America and is unique in that its larvae can consume a wide range of decomposing organic material, including carrion. Larvae development was observed on six re- sources: control poultry feed, liver, manure, kitchen waste, fruits and vegetables, and Þsh rendering. Larvae fed manure were shorter, weighed less, and took longer to develop. Kitchen waste produced longer and heavier larvae, whereas larvae fed Þsh had almost 100% mortality. Black soldier ßies can colonize human remains, which in many instances can coincide with food and organic wastes. Therefore, it is necessary to understand black soldier ßy development on different food resources other than carrion tissue to properly estimate their age when recovered from human remains. KEY WORDS forensic entomology, development time, food resource, minimum postmortem in- terval, waste management Forensic entomologists use arthropod evidence col- veloped up to 2 d slower than larvae reared on other lected from human remains to estimate the period of experimental tissues, such as lung, kidney, heart, and insect activity and infer time of colonization (Benecke brain. Similarly, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: 2001). The time of colonization is a portion of the Calliphoridae) developed at a faster rate, and were postcolonization interval, which equates to the min- larger, when fed pork instead of beef (Clark et al. -
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
Proceedings of the United States National Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION . WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 121 1967 Number 3569 SOLDIER FLY LARVAE IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO ' By Max W. McFadden ^ The Stratiomyidae or soldier flies are represented in America north of Mexico by approximately 237 species distributed through 37 genera. Prior to this study, larvae have been described for only 21 species representmg 15 genera. In addition to the lack of adequate descriptions and keys, classification has seldom been attempted and a phylogenetic treatment of the larvae has never been presented. The present study has been undertaken with several goals in mind: to rear and describe (1) as many species as possible; (2) to redescribe all previously described larvae of North American species; and (3), on the basis of larval characters, to attempt to define various taxo- nomic units and show phylogenetic relationships withm the family and between it and other closely related familes. Any attempt to establish subfamilial and generic lunits must be regarded as tentative. This is especially true in the present study since larvae of so many species of Stratiomyidae remain unknown. Undoubtably, as more species are reared, changes mil have to be made in keys and definitions of taxa. The keys have been prepared chiefly for identification of last mstar larvae. If earher mstars are known, they either have been 1 Modified from a Ph. D. dissertation submitted to the University of Alberta E(hnonton, Canada. ' 2 Entomology Research Division, U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Tobacco Insects Investigations, P.O. Box 1011, Oxford, N.C. 27565. : 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. -
Trapping Lacanobia Subjuncta, Xestia C-Nigrum, and Mamestra Configurata
Trapping Lacanobia subjuncta, Xestia c-nigrum, and Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with Acetic Acid and 3-Methyl-1-butanol in Controlled Release Dispensers Author(s): Peter J. Landolt and Joshua F. Alfaro Source: Environmental Entomology, 30(4):656-662. 2001. Published By: Entomological Society of America DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-30.4.656 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/0046-225X-30.4.656 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL ECOLOGY Trapping Lacanobia subjuncta, Xestia c-nigrum, and Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with Acetic Acid and 3-Methyl-1-butanol in Controlled Release Dispensers PETER J. LANDOLT AND JOSHUA F. ALFARO USDAÐARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951 Environ. Entomol. 30(4): 656Ð662 (2001) ABSTRACT Both sexes of the noctuid moths Lacanobia subjuncta (Grote & Robinson), Mamestra configurata Walker (bertha armyworm) and Xestia c-nigrum (L.) (spotted cutworm) are attracted to the combination of acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol (isoamyl alcohol). -
BERTHA ARMYWORM Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Mamestra Configurata ______DESCRIPTION
Modified from Ralph E. Berry. 1998©. Insects and Mites of Economic Importance in the Northwest. 2nd Ed. 221 p. BERTHA ARMYWORM Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Mamestra configurata _____________________________________________________________________________________________ DESCRIPTION The adult is a greenish-gray or gray moth with two spots on the front wings, a small round spot with a large "kidney-shaped" white or gray spot on the middle of the wing, and a whitish band near the fringe of the wing. Larvae are about 40 mm long when mature. The head is pale brown with or without dark arcs and Bertha armyworm larva reticulations, and without an inverted white "Y". The color of the larva varies from green to gray, brown, or black. The mid-dorsal and top-lateral lines are white, broken and inconspicuous. The area above the spiracles is marked with brownish or orange at the dorsal margin and usually with small black spots around the spiracles. Spiracles are white with black rims. The stripe below the spiracles is yellow or orange, and the bottom area is mottled gray or greenish. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE Larval damage is most evident in summer and fall, especially on fruit trees, sugarbeets, hops, mint, and potatoes. On seed alfalfa, larvae are most serious in Bertha armyworm adult mid-summer. Larvae feed on the foliage and fruit or host plants causing stunting and reducing quality and yield. Average defoliation of potato in British BERTHA ARMYWORM Columbia has been over 10%, and larval damage to tree fruit has reached 10% in some areas of the northwest. PUPAE ADULTS DISTRIBUTION AND LIFE HISTORY EGGS LARVAE This pest is distributed throughout the northwest, PUPAE southern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and J F M A M J J A S O N D Manitoba.