Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education Vol.10, No.3, 2021; ISSN (5733 – 7155); p –ISSN 4056 – 7396X Impact factor: 3.93

KNOWLEDGE AND UTILIZATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AMONG NURSES AND MIDWIVES IN SECONDARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, STATE

1Joseph Jonathan Gimba, 2Josiah Mercy, 3Lawal Yusuf Abolore, 4Dele-Alonge Olajumoke Ileola And 4Alake Olluwaseun Rolake 1RN, BNSC, PDE; College of Nursing and Midwifery, Campus, ; 2RN, RM; Sir Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa Memorial Hospital, Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria. 3RN, BNSC, PGDE, MPH; Nigerian Army College Of Nursing, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. 4RN, RM, RNT, BSC; School Of Nursing, Idi-Aba, Abeokuta, , Nigeria. RN, RM, RPN, BNSC; School Of Nursing, Idi-Aba, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Abstract: Background: In today’s world, no one questions the need to incorporate information technology (IT) into key clinical and administrative processes of healthcare delivery. Thus IT is rapidly becoming the cornerstone of complete overhauls of healthcare systems in developed and developing societies and its use in healthcare settings is no longer something that is good to have, but something that we need to have hence, the present study. Aim and objectives: The study is aimed at investigating Nurses and Midwives Knowledge and Utilization of IT across the secondary health care facilities in Kaduna state, Northwest, Nigeria. Other specific objectives includes: (1).To ascertain Knowledge of IT among respondents. (2).To assess the Attitude of Nurses and Midwives towards IT. (3).To determine Utilization of IT among respondents in the study setting. Method: A descriptive survey was used for the study. The study population were Nurses and Midwives that have been in the employ of Kaduna state government for not less than one year and are working in secondary facilities. A sample size of 399 Nurses and Midwives was used. Study respondents who met the inclusion criteria for the study were drawn proportionately from the three senatorial districts of the state using simple random sampling technique who were given self-structured questionnaire for their responses. Data entry was done using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22 while hypotheses testing was done using chi-square at statistical significant level of .05. Findings: Findings revealed a mean score for age of 29.1±14.3. Respondents had adequate knowledge (Mean score = 74.2%) in 10 out of 16 Questionnaire items relating to knowledge of computers. Overall, majority (70.6 %, n=180)) of the respondents demonstrated adequate knowledge of computer by having a final score above the 70% cut off mark. Attitude of respondents was positive as majority reported to have had training in computer with many having their PC. Study results, however, showed inadequate (mean score 53.7%) utilization of computer among the respondents as more than half (59.6%, n=152) of the respondents had a final score less than the70% cut off mark. There was association between knowledge and utilization of computer and there is difference in the utilization of computer across senatorial districts. Conclusion: The study revealed that knowledge of computer, senatorial districts respectively associated with utilization of computer among respondents in the study setting. Keywords: Information Technology, Knowledge, Utilization, Nurses/Midwives, Kaduna state

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INTRODUCTION clinical and non-clinical use (Dery et al., 2016). Electronic The healthcare industry is increasingly facing many Health Record, which has been defined by the World changes in areas of emerging and re-emerging Health Organization as the cost-effective and secure use of communicable and Non Communicable diseases but more ICT in support of health and health-related fields, of what changes the way health care is provided is the including healthcare services, health surveillance, health current advances in information and communication literacy and health education, knowledge and research technology (Kipturgo, Kivuti-Bitok, Karani and Muiva, (USA Department of Health and Human Services, 2011) 2014). Presently, no one questions the need to incorporate holds the key to improving healthcare delivery (Dery et al., information technology into key clinical and 2016). administrative processes of healthcare delivery. There is a With the advocacy for evidence-based practice in clinical clear consensus on the need to introduce the Electronic areas, application of information technology in nursing Health Record (EHR) as the most important one game- becomes imperative because of its widespread use in changing project in healthcare settings. Thus information individual and family care settings. Knowledge and technology is rapidly becoming the cornerstone of application of information technology among nurses has complete overhauls of healthcare systems in developed and enhanced effective and efficient communication and developing societies and its use in healthcare settings is no documentation of nursing roles using nursing standardized longer something that is good to have, but something that terminologies of NNN (NANDA, NIC and NOC) which we need to have. have been identified to provide adequate information about Information Technology (IT) is often used as a shortened patients in the hospital EHRs (Lumberg, Warren, Brokel, synonym for Information and Communication Technology Bulechek, Butcher, McCloskey et al., 2008). Similarly, (ICT). It comprises of computing technology, the Internet Many nursing care themes are influenced by the use of and other accessories which enable users to access, store, ICTs, including time management, time spent on patient transmit, and manipulate information (Adeleke et al., care, documentation time, information quality and access, 2014). Computers are among the many facets of quality of documentation, knowledge updating and information and communication technology that have utilization, nurse autonomy, nurses’ competencies and rendered the wide world healthcare delivery a village skills, nurse-patient relationships as well as assessment, (Bond, 2013; Kipturgo et al., 2014). Use of computers in care planning, and evaluation (Rouleau et al., 2017). This healthcare settings provides opportunities for individuals, extent of utilization of ICT is particularly important in medical professionals and healthcare providers to obtain secondary health care facilities which has the main information on different aspects of diseases, communicate strategies of increasing health coverage and improving the with other healthcare professionals and patients via health status of the many referred patients and clients from videoconferencing, offer access to Medline, Primary Health Care centers. medical/nursing journals, textbooks and the latest Whereas the use of ICT for healthcare delivery in the information on breakthroughs in health (Gour & developed countries has been widely explored with most Srivastava, 2010 cited in Dery et al., 2016). Technology developed countries making great advances (Howitt et al., enabled healthcare settings allow healthcare providers to 2012), developing countries on the other hand are seeing a deliver better healthcare at lower cost and also contribute proliferation of eHealth pilots but few full scale to quality health services. These systems collectively drive implementations (Lewis et al., 2014) largely due to eHealth and provide lifesaving data and information for Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education An official Publication of Center for International Research Development Double Blind Peer and Editorial Review International Referred Journal; Globally index Available www.cirdjournal.com/index.php/ajnhe/: E-mail: [email protected] pg. 11 Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education Vol.10, No.3, 2021; ISSN (5733 – 7155); p –ISSN 4056 – 7396X Impact factor: 3.93 inadequate skilled personnel to manage these eHealth that participants in their study are considerably projects (Yusif & Soar, 2014). knowledgeable and skilled especially in the use of Several studies conducted in the southern part of Nigeria electronic mail (52%) and the Internet (47%) mostly have revealed knowledge and utilization pattern of through self-efforts which saw majority of respondents Information and Communication technology among reported to have used computer (94%) and the Internet nurses. These include a study that reported utilization of (95%) for more than three years. The study notes that desktop computer, ICT enabled television, and laptop major factors that contributed to the way the healthcare computer and smart phone for patients care among nurses professionals utilized computer and the internet were with greater percentage of the nurses making use of profession, age, sex and possession of a laptop computer desktop computer for keeping record of disease (p =.000). However, of all the health professionals studied, surveillance and smart phones for patients care follow-up, nurses had the least IT knowledge. emergence response system, and patient’s appointment Various obstacles have been associated with the uptake of reminder (Adesuyi, Abolarinwa, Maitanmi and Ajao, IT among nurses. Poor government commitment, epileptic 2020); a single-facility study of the Federal Medical power supply with little or no ICT infrastructure within the Centre (FMC) Yenagoa in , Nigeria that hospital including minimal internet access, lack of training reported 47% of the respondents to have utilized computer for staff on ICT and resistance to change have all been for health care delivery, 21.4% for internet connectivity, identified as the main constraints for IT usage in Nigeria and 39.9% for telephone (Ceo, In, Yi, Pa, Dambo, & Ma, (Manja et al, 2020; Adesuyi et al., 2020; Ceo et al., 2018). 2018); Utilization of Mobile Technology for Knowledge Study by Abubakar et al. (2015) further reported lack of Update among Nurses in Primary and Secondary proper mobile technology, too long logging time, Healthcare Settings in , Nigeria that showed an unreliable connection to the network and too many work average ( 48.0%) level of knowledge, 100%, 72.3% demands as major restrictions to nurses and midwives in adoption of mobile technology, particularly mobile phone primary and secondary health facilities from using mobile and laptop PC respectively for knowledge update (35.8%) phones for knowledge update (Abubakar, Garba & Balarabe, 2015) and use and To harness the benefits of ICT in healthcare delivery, the gratification of ICTs by health care personnel in Nigerian Kaduna state government, through its Ministry of Health South- South tertiary hospitals that reported 77%, 89% of and Human agency, issue a policy, in preparation for kick the participants to have utilized telephone and computer starting paperless clinics in the state, that all categories of respectively for health care (Udousoro, 2014). civil servants must be IT compliant and have to present In the northern part of the country, Manja et al (2020) certificate of literacy in computer as requirement for noted, in a study on knowledge and utilization of ICT promotion. However a slow pace sets in after the initial facilities among lecturers of a College of Nursing and enthusiasm and excitement but the time comes now to take Midwifery in Nigeria, that majority of the lecturers (who action in profiling the health staff strength, especially are mostly Nurses) had knowledge of ICT with overall nurses, with requisite ICT knowledge and utilization mean score for knowledge at 3.63±1.032 which translated competencies for improved healthcare delivery. It is to utilization of certain software as power point, Microsoft against this backdrop that the present study is premised of word adobe reader as well as use of internet, and email in which its findings will guide policy framework for teaching. Similarly, in a single-facility study carried out in incorporation of ICT in healthcare delivery in the Abuja (North-central Nigeria), Adeleke et al. (2015) found Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education An official Publication of Center for International Research Development Double Blind Peer and Editorial Review International Referred Journal; Globally index Available www.cirdjournal.com/index.php/ajnhe/: E-mail: [email protected] pg. 12 Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education Vol.10, No.3, 2021; ISSN (5733 – 7155); p –ISSN 4056 – 7396X Impact factor: 3.93 healthcare sub-sector of Kaduna state, in particular, and Kaduna State. Stratification was done on the basis of Nigeria, in general. senatorial (geopolitical) zones and healthcare facilities- Method general and rural hospitals. Study design: A descriptive survey research design is Method of data collection: A 4-sector self-structured, adopted for this study. This is suitable for assessing the based on the study objectives, questionnaire was used to characteristics of individuals. elicit Nurses and Midwives responses on knowledge, Study setting: Kaduna State is one of the seven (7) states attitude and utilization of information technology. The in North western Nigeria. Its capital is Kaduna. The state questionnaire comprised of forty two closed ended is politically made up of three Senatorial districts, viz: questions and two open-ended questions. The participants Northern, Central and Southern districts. Kaduna State is were selected on the criteria of being a registered nurse or the third most populous State in Nigeria. It has an registered midwife that has worked for at least one year at estimated population of 6.4 million people (Kaduna State the study area. A list of all the nurses and midwives in any population projection, 2009) spread across 23 LGAs and sampled facility was obtained and the required number of 255 wards. Subsistence agriculture is the dominant nurse and midwife respondents was drawn randomly. The occupation of the people (Kaduna State Strategic Health 399 questionnaires were given to the randomly selected Development Plan, 2015). There is a wide diversity in respondents by face to face contact. culture and lifestyle between the predominantly southern Method of data analysis: Data entry was done using Christian population and Moslem Hausa northern statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. population and a variety of ethnic groups. Health care Data were summarized and presented using descriptive services in the State are provided from a total of 1,623 statistics of frequencies, percentages. Statistical health care facilities; 40.2% of these health facilities significance was considered at p value of < 0.05. belong to the private sector. About ninety seven (96.5%) Questionnaire items for knowledge of computer, of all the health facilities are primary health care, 3.2% utilization of computer were structured items with only one secondary health care and 0.3% tertiary health care correct option for each item. All correct responses were facilities (Kaduna State Government Strategic Health counted and converted to percentage. The mean percentage Development Plan, 2010-2015). of all correct responses was used to represent the Population: The target population constitutes all the knowledge level of computer and utilization levels of registered nurses and midwives working in secondary computer respectively. It was graded as adequate (mean health care facilities, Kaduna State consisting of 29 rural correct answer score ≥ 70%) and inadequate (mean correct and general hospitals. This constitutes about 840 nurses answer score < 70%). and midwives (Kaduna State Ministry of Health, 2018). Research ethics: Permission to conduct the study was Sample and Sampling technique: A proportionate obtained from Kaduna State ministry of Health’s Research stratified random sampling technique was used for the Ethics committee. The ethical clearance obtained from the study. Sample size was determined using the Yamene’s ministry of Health and study protocol was submitted to the formula, n=N/1+N (e)2 where n=sample size, N=the target ethical committees of facilities used for the study. Nurses population, and e=sampling error at 95% confidence and midwives participated in this study voluntarily and interval=0.05. Using the formula, 399 nurses and were assured of confidentiality. Informed consent was midwives were drawn randomly from six general hospitals obtained from all participants. and nine rural hospitals across the three senatorial zones of Results Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education An official Publication of Center for International Research Development Double Blind Peer and Editorial Review International Referred Journal; Globally index Available www.cirdjournal.com/index.php/ajnhe/: E-mail: [email protected] pg. 13 Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education Vol.10, No.3, 2021; ISSN (5733 – 7155); p –ISSN 4056 – 7396X Impact factor: 3.93

All of the 399 respondents accepted to participate in the Central 77 30.2 study. Out of the 399 questionnaires administered, 269 Northern 93 36.5 questionnaires were returned of which 14 were 5 Religion incompletely filled and were thus excluded from the final Christianity 185 72.5 analysis. Therefore, 255 respondents are included in this Islam 69 27.1 study. Others 1 0.4 Table 1: socio-demographics n=255 6 Rank S/N Variable frequency Percentage NOII 77 30.2 1 Age NOI 69 27.1 20-25 44 17.3 SNO 27 10.6 26-30 80 31.4 PNO 43 16.9 31-35 43 16.9 ACNO 17 6.7 36-40 35 13.7 CNO 22 8.6 41-45 12 4.7 46-50 14 5.5 The age of the nurses ranged from 20 to 60 years with 51-55 16 6.3 majority (31.4%) in the age category of 26-30 years (mean 56-60 11 4.3 age = 29.1; SD = 14.3). Female Nurses accounted for the Mean± SD 29.1± 14.3 majority (69.8%, n=178). With regard to marital status, 2 Sex 147 (57.6%) were married while 92 (36.1%) were single. Male 77 30.2 Ninety three (36.5%) were in the Northern senatorial Female 178 69.8 district, 85 (33.3%) in the South and 77 (30.2%) were in 3 Marital status the central senatorial district. Those in the Christian faith Single 92 36.1 accounted for the majority (72.5%, n= 185). Distribution Married 147 57.6 of nurses by rank has NOII accounting for the majority Widow 13 5.1 (30.2%, n=77) closely followed by NOI who accounted for Separated 3 1.2 27.1% (n=69) while the least are those in ACNO rank 4 Senatorial districts accounting for 6.7% (n=17). Southern 85 33.3

Table 2: Knowledge of computer among Nurses and midwives S/N Items True Freq(%) False Freq (%) Score (%) 1 A compact disc is hardware 221 (86.7) * 34 (13.3) 86.7 2. The CPU is hardware 160 (62.7) * 95 (37.3) 62.7 3. A file server has a very hard disc 135 (52.9) * 120(47.1) 52.9 4. Only data based network can be assessed 193 (75.7) * 62 (24.3) 75.7 using a network

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5. A network is a group of computers 192 (75.3) * 63 (24.7) 75.3 connected by satellite 6. Network allows the different PC's to access 124 (48.6) * 131 (51.4) 48.6 the same files 7. The global communication network is called 246(96.5) * 9 (3.5) 96.5 the internet 8. Companies with e-mail may no longer use 173 (67.8) * 82 (32.2) 67.8 the postal system 9. Messages can be sent by e-mail to every PC 232 (91.0) * 23 (9.0) 91 network instantly 10. WWW stands for World Wide Web 245(96.1) * 10 (3.9) 96 11. E-mail is short for electronic mail 225(88.2) * 30 (11.8) 88.2 12. RAM refers to Read Only Memory 111(43.5) 143 (56.1) * 56.1 13. A modem allows computers to communicate 140(54.9) * 115 (45.1) 55 using a telephone line 14. The modem is short for modular 203(79.6) * 52 (20.4) 80 demodulator 15. People who work at home often 180(70.6) * 75 (29.4) 71 communicate with their office using the modem 16 Digital sound and videos can be 213(83.5) * 40(15.7) 83.5 communicated via a network Mean score 74.2% Key: * flags correct responses, f = frequency, % = percentage; Decision rule: mean score ≥70% = adequate, <70% = inadequate Knowledge Proportion with inadequate knowledge of computer 75 (29.4%) Proportion with Adequate knowledge of computer 180 (70.6 %)

Table 2 summarized responses on knowledge of computer affirmed that the global communication network is called among nurses and showed that the respondents had the internet. Item 9 (91% score) asserted that messages can adequate knowledge (Mean score = 74.2%) in 10 out of 16 be sent by e-mail to every PC network instantly while item Questionnaire items relating to knowledge of computers. 10 (96% score) defined WWW as World Wide Web. Over all, majority (70.6 %, n=180)) of the respondents Scores from 80 but less than 90% by respondents were demonstrated adequate knowledge of computer by having recorded on item 1, 11, 14 and 16 that has compact disc as a final score above the 70% cut off mark. The highest a hardware, Email is short for electronic mail, the modern scores (above 90%) by the respondents was observed on is short for modular demodulator and digital sounds and questionnaire item 7, 9 and 10. Item 7 (96.5% score) videos can be communicated via a network respectively.

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Respondents scored below the 70% cut off mark in 6 items accounted for the majority (52.2%, n=133) of which 77.6% (2, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 13) with item 6 recorded the least score (104) have laptops, desktop (14.2%, n=19) and both (8.25, of 48.6% which asserted that network allows the different n=11). With regard to whether they enjoy working on the PC's to access the same file. computer, majority (78.4%, n=200) indicated yes. Table 3: Attitude of nurses towards computer Table 4: Utilization of computer S/N Frequency Percentage n = 255 1 Have you had any formal training in computers S/N Items Frequency Score

Yes 190* 74.5 (%) No 65 25.5 1. Do you have a functional 2. If yes, indicate whether e-mail address? Short Course 64 33.7 Yes 225* 88.2 Certificate 89 46.8 No 30 Diploma 34 17.9 2. Do you have access to Degree 3 1.6 nursing journals/nursing Total 190 100 council 3. Do you have a personal website/organization computer subscription online? Yes 133 52.2 Yes 128* 50.2 No 122 47.8 No 127 Total 255 100 3. What do use internet for? 4 If yes, which type? Desktop 19 14.2 Communication, research, 207* 81.2 Laptop 104 77.6 Knowledge update Both 10 8.2 Films/News 48 Total 133 100 4. How often do you access 5 Do you enjoy working on the internet? the computer? Frequently 212* 70.2 Yes 200 78.4 Infrequently 43 No 13 5.1 5. Have you participated in Not sure 42 16.5 video conferencing Total 255 100 before? Yes 114* 44.7 Table 3 above presented attitude toward computer among No 141 Nurses. Disposition of respondents towards obtaining a 6. How many times have formal training in computer revealed majority (74.5%, you used a power point n=190) have had a formal training in computer of which presentation? 46.8% (89) had a certificate course, short course (33.7%, Most times 132* 51.8 n=64), Diploma (17.9%, n=34) while the least is degree Occasionally/None 123 (1.6%, n=3). Those who have personal computer

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7. How much time do you Table 5: Knowledge of computer across senatorial spend on the computer per district week? Variable Knowledge 10-14 hours 95* 37.3 Inadequate Adequate Less than 10 hours 160 Senatorial Freq. Freq. Total 8. Do you use computer/ICT districts in your facility for Northern 75 18 93 healthcare delivery? Central 45 12 77 Yes 15* 5.9 Southern 60 25 85 No 140 Total 180 75 255 Mean score χ 2 = 10.0, df = 2, P< 0.05; Null hypothesis rejected. 53.7 From above table, senatorial districts of respondents Key: * flags desired responses, f = frequency, % = associated with their level of knowledge of computer at α percentage; level of 0.05. Decision rule: mean score ≥70% = Adequate utilization, Table 6: Association between knowledge and utilization <70% = Inadequate utilization of computer Proportion with adequate utilization of computer Variable Utilization of computer 103 (40.4%) Inadequate Adequate Proportion with inadequate utilization of computer Knowledge Freq. Freq. Total 152 (59.6%) Adequate 130 50 180 Table 4 showed that the utilization of computer among the Inadequate 22 53 75 respondents was inadequate (mean score 53.7%). They Total 152 103 255 scored below 70% in 6 out of 8 items relating to computer χ2 = 40.41, df = 1, P< 0.05; Null hypothesis rejected utilization. More than half (59.6%, n=152) of the From above contingency table, knowledge of computers respondents had a final score less than the 70% cut off among respondents associated with their level of mark. They had their lowest score 5.9% (15) on the item utilization of computer at α level of 0.05. concerning whether they use computer/ICT in their facility Discussion for healthcare delivery as most (194.1%, n=140) of the This study assessed knowledge and utilization of respondents said no. In contrast, they had their highest information technology among nurses and midwives in score on the item concerning whether they had a functional secondary health care facilities, Kaduna state, Northwest email address, as 88.2% (225) correctly responded “yes”. Nigeria. The socio-demographic characteristics of the Items as “how often do you access the internet”, “What do respondents from this study showed that 93 (36.5%) of use internet for?” received “frequently (70.2%, n=212)” respondents were from the Northern senatorial district, 85 and “communication, research, knowledge update (33.3%) from the South and 77 (30.2%) were from the (81.2%)” respectively. central senatorial district. The mean age of the respondents were 29.1 ± 14.3 years as majority (31.4%, n=80) of the respondents were aged between 26 and 30 years. Also, most (69.8%, n=178) of the respondents were females, 147

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(57.6%) respondents were married and 72.5% (185) were Findings from this study is however in dispute with Christians. Most (30.2%, n=77) of the respondents were findings from the study of Abubakar et al. (2015) where Nursing officers II (NOII). It can be inferred from this Nurses showed average knowledge (48.0%) of mobile study that nursing is preponderantly a female profession technology. and workforce of nurses are within 26 -30 years in the state Findings in regard to attitude of nurses towards computer hospitals. This finding is similar to a study carried out by showed majority (74.5%, n=190) have had a formal Abubbakar et al., (2015) in Osun state, Nigeria were training in computer with majority (52.2%, n=133) having majority of their nurse-respondents were females (81.1%) personal computer which they enjoy working on daily who were, however, between the age bracket of 46-50. The (78.4%, n=200). This finding is in consonance with a young age bracket in the present study is largely due to the finding by Kipturgo et al. (2014) on attitudes of nursing fact that the study was conducted when the state staff towards computerization: a case of two hospitals in government had just employed graduates of college of Nairobi, Kenya which reported Nurses to have had a nursing and midwifery in the state into its hospitals. favorable attitude towards computerization Furthermore, Adesuyi et al., (2020) showed similarity in Furthermore, study results showed inadequate (mean score findings among nurses in primary health care centers, Ile 53.7%) utilization of computer among the respondents. Ife, Osun state where, it was reported that majority of the They scored below 70% in 6 out of 8 items relating to nurses were females 69 (85.2%) . It was also observed that computer utilization. More than half (59.6%, n=152) of the 27.2% of the respondents were in the 35-39 age group respondents had a final score less than the 70% cut off while 39.5% of the respondents were in the nursing officer mark. However, they reported having functional email II Cadre. address (88.2%, n=225) frequently use the internet (70.2%, Results from the study showed that respondents had n=212) for communication, research, knowledge update adequate knowledge (Mean score = 74.2%) in 10 out of 16 (81.2%). This finding is supported by a similar findings of Questionnaire items relating to knowledge of computers. Adeleke et al. (2015) that reported use of electronic mail Over all, majority (70.6 %, n=180)) of the respondents (52%) and the Internet (47%) mostly through self-efforts, demonstrated adequate knowledge of computer by having Abubbakar et al. (2015) that showed 100%, 72.3% a final score above the 70% cut off mark. Findings from adoption of mobile technology, particularly mobile phone this study is similar to findings from the study of Manja et and laptop PC respectively for knowledge update (35.8%) al (2020) in a College of Nursing and Midwifery, Nigeria and Manja et al (2020) that noted utilization of certain where it was reported that majority of the lecturers (who software as power point, Microsoft word adobe reader as are mostly Nurses) had knowledge of ICT with overall well as use of internet, and email in teaching among nurse- mean score for knowledge at 3.63±1.032. The findings of lecturers. However finding, in this regard, from the present this study are also similar to that of the study conducted in study differs with the finding of Adesuyi et al. (2020) that Abuja that found participants considerably knowledgeable reported utilization of desktop computer, ICT enabled and skilled especially in the use of electronic mail (52%) television, and laptop computer and smart phone for and the Internet (47%) mostly through self-efforts patients care with greater percentage of the nurses making (Adeleke et al., 2015). This is commendable, as a good use of desktop computer for keeping record of disease knowledge should likely translate to adequate utilization as surveillance and smart phones for patients care follow-up, such efforts must be made to keep promoting information emergence response system, and patient’s appointment about relevance of ICT among health professionals. reminder, Ceo et al. (2018) that reported 47% of the Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education An official Publication of Center for International Research Development Double Blind Peer and Editorial Review International Referred Journal; Globally index Available www.cirdjournal.com/index.php/ajnhe/: E-mail: [email protected] pg. 18 Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education Vol.10, No.3, 2021; ISSN (5733 – 7155); p –ISSN 4056 – 7396X Impact factor: 3.93 respondents to have utilized computer for health care Volume 4, Issue 5 Ver. IV (Sep. - Oct. 2015), PP delivery, 21.4% for internet connectivity, and 39.9% for 57-63. telephone, Udousoro, (2014) that showed 77%, 89% of the Adeleke I. T., Salami A. A.,, Achinbee A., Anamah T. participants to have utilized telephone and computer C.,, Zakari I. B. and Wasagi M. A. (2015). ICT respectively for health care. This differences in the knowledge, utilization and perception among utilization of ICT between the northern and the southern healthcare providers at National Hospital Abuja, parts of the country is underscored by the huge investment Nigeria. American Journal of Health Research gab in eHealth that has caused deployment of ICT in 2015; 3(1-1): 47-53. doi: healthcare delivery even at PHC level in most southern 10.11648/j.ajhr.s.2015030101.17 states like Osun. Adesuyi A. B., Abolarinwa C. O., Maitanmi S. O. and The present study also revealed association between Ajao E. O. (2020). Assessment And Utilization Of knowledge and utilization of computer among Nurses even Information And Communication Technology For as utilization of computer in the respondents differ across Client Care Among Nurses In Primary Health Care the senatorial districts of the study setting (p<0.05). Centers, Ile-Ife, Osun State. IOSR Journal of Conclusion Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-ISSN: The study revealed knowledge, attitude and utilization 2320–1959.p- ISSN: 2320–1940 Volume 9, Issue 4 Ser. VI (Jul. – Aug. 2020), PP 29-34 pattern of IT among Nurses and Midwives in secondary health facilities of Kaduna state. It further identified Ceo, O., In, A., Yi, E., Pa, A., Dambo, I., & Ma, I. (2018). association between knowledge of computer and its Assessment of ICT usage in healthcare service utilization among nurses as well as differences in systems: A Case Study of the Federal Medical utilization of computer across senatorial districts of the Centre (FMC) Yenagoa in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. study setting. International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology, 6(1), 58-65. It is recommended that further study be done to specifically assess ICT utilization in healthcare delivery with an Dery S., Vroom F. D., Godi A., Afagbedzi S. and attempt to unravelling the various ways of its deployment Dwomoh D. (2016). Knowledge and use of in healthcare delivery and factors influencing such information and communication technology by deployment especially among Nurses. health sciences students of the University of Acknowledgement Ghana. Ghana Med J 2016; 50(2): 180-188 DOI: None. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v50i3.10 Conflict of interest Gour N, Srivastava D. Knowledge of computer among None declared. healthcare professionals of India: a key toward eHealth. Telemed J E Health. 2010;16(9):957-62. References Howitt P, Darzi A, Yang G-Z, Ashrafian H, Atun R, Abubakar, A. R., Garba, S.N. and Balarabe, F. (2015). Barlow J, et al. Technologies for global health. Utilization of Mobile Technology for Knowledge Lancet. 2012;380(9840):507-35. Update among Nurses in Primary and Secondary Healthcare Settings in Osun State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR- JNHS) e-ISSN: 2320–1959.p- ISSN: 2320–1940 Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education An official Publication of Center for International Research Development Double Blind Peer and Editorial Review International Referred Journal; Globally index Available www.cirdjournal.com/index.php/ajnhe/: E-mail: [email protected] pg. 19 Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education Vol.10, No.3, 2021; ISSN (5733 – 7155); p –ISSN 4056 – 7396X Impact factor: 3.93

Kipturgo M. K., Kivuti-Bitok L. W., Karani A. K. and Midwifery in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Nursing Muiva M. M (2014) Attitudes of nursing staff and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-ISSN: 2320– towards computerisation: a case of two hospitals 1959.p- ISSN: 2320–1940 Volume 9, Issue 3 Ser. in Nairobi, Kenya. BMC Medical Informatics and IV (May - June 2020), PP 56-63 Decision Making 2014, 14:35 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6947/14/35 Rouleau, G., Gagnon, M. P., Côté, J., Payne-Gagnon, J., Hudson, E., & Dubois, C. A. (2017). Impact of Lewis T, Synowiec C, Lagomarsino G, Schweitzer J. Information and Communication Technologies on EHealth in low- and middle-income Nursing Care: Results of an Overview of countries:findings from the Center for Health Systematic Reviews, J Med Internet Res 19(4): 22. Market Innovations. Bull World Health Organ. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6686. 2012;90(5):332-40. Udousoro, N. W. (2014). Use and gratification of ICTs by Lundberg, C., Warren, J.., Brokel, J., Bulechek, G., health care personnel in Nigerian South- South Butcher, H., McCloskey Dochterman, J., Johnson, tertiary hospitals. Asian Journal of Social Sciences M., Mass, M., Martin, K., Moorhead, S., Spisla, and Humanities, 3(4), 12-18. C., Swanson, E., & Giarrizzo-Wilson, S. (June, 2008). Selecting a Standardized Terminology for USA Department of Health and Human Services: USA the Electronic Health Record that Reveals the Department of Health and Human Services. 2011. Impact of Nursing on Patient Care. Online Journal Press Release, accessed at http://www.ahadata. of Nursing Informatics (OJNI), 12, (2). Available com/ahadata/html/AHASurvey. at http:ojni.org/12_2/lundberg.pdf Yusif S, Soar J. Preparedness for eHealth in developing Manja W. J., Jan Y. E., Bako S. D. and Jonathan W. A countries: the case of Ghana. J Health InformDev (2020). Knowledge and Utilization of Ict Facilities Ctries. 2014;8(2). among Lecturers of a College Of Nursing and

Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education An official Publication of Center for International Research Development Double Blind Peer and Editorial Review International Referred Journal; Globally index Available www.cirdjournal.com/index.php/ajnhe/: E-mail: [email protected] pg. 20