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Uncorrected Transcript GENOCIDE-2012/05/22 1 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION PREVENTING GENOCIDE AND MASS ATROCITIES: BUILDING ON THE LEGACY OF RICHARD HOLBROOKE Washington, D.C. Tuesday, May 22, 2012 PARTICIPANTS: PANEL 1: PREVENTING GENOCIDE AND MASS ATROCITIES: LESSONS FROM RICHARD HOLBROOKE’S EXPERIENCE Moderator: STROBE TALBOTT President The Brookings Institution Panelists: ROBERT ORR Assistant Secretary-General for Policy Coordination and Strategic Planning, Executive Office of the Secretary-General United Nations KATI MARTON Author and Journalist VALI NASR Dean, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution PANEL 2: GENOCIDE AND MASS ATROCITY PREVENTION: FUTURE CHALLENGES AND POLICY CHOICES Moderator: BRUCE JONES, Senior Fellow and Director, Managing Global Order The Brookings Institution Panelists: JOHN SHATTUCK President and Rector Central European University RENATA UITZ Professor of Law Central European University MICHAEL POSNER Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor U.S. Department of State ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 706 Duke Street, Suite 100 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 GENOCIDE-2012/05/22 2 P R O C E E D I N G S MR. TALBOTT: Good morning to all of you. I’m Strobe Talbott. It’s my pleasure to welcome you to a particularly promising, and for many of us, a particularly meaningful event. This is an event that is going to go for the next two hours, dedicated to the memory and accomplishments of a man, Richard C. Holbrooke, and to a cause, which took a lot of his energy and to which he made many contributions, which is preventing deadly conflict and doing something to deal with the pervasive problem of genocide and crimes against humanity. Thank you very much, Vali, for reminding me -- by the way, this is not the first event that has been organized to commemorate the life and achievements of Richard Holbrooke, and at a couple of them the person opening the event would say, usually, I ask everybody in the room to turn off their cell phones, but given the man that we’re celebrating, I would ask all of you to turn your cell phones on in case we get a call from him, which I’m still expecting and I suspect others are as well. In any event, this next couple of hours also represents a budding partnership between the Brookings Institution and Central European University. Its president and director, John Shattuck, is here with us today and it’s great to have you with us as well, Ellen, and other colleagues from this extraordinary institution that goes back, I guess, 21 years. It was the vision of a number of proponents and champions of civil society, open society, and the democratization of that part of the world that used to be part of the Soviet empire, but it has extended its mandate and its reach to become truly a global institution and we’re very, very pleased that we can begin the relationship, the formal relationship, between the Brookings Institution and CEU with an event of this kind ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 706 Duke Street, Suite 100 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 GENOCIDE-2012/05/22 3 and particularly because of the role that Richard played in Central Europe. Now, he had many activities in other parts of the world that the panelists are going to touch on here today. As I think all of you who are familiar with his biography know that he began his career in Southeast Asia, he made major contributions in Africa during the 1990s. He, of course, is probably best known for his work in the Balkans and he, quite literally, gave his life to the cause of trying to end the horrible instability and violence in South Asia. And he was working on that task right up to his final day at the State Department when he was fatally stricken and he was then in the position of Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan working very closely with Secretary Clinton and, of course, with President Obama. And it’s particularly appropriate that his wife, Kati Marton, should be with us this morning and participating in this panel, and I’ll come back to her own standing as an expert in this field in just a moment. By the way, before leaving the topic of Central European University, you will be hearing, when John participates in the second panel an hour from now, a little bit about the creation of the Richard C. Holbrooke Center for Conflict Resolution and Prevention of Genocide. I also want to acknowledge my friend and colleague, Bruce Jones, who’s down here in the front row. Bruce is a senior fellow at Brookings and the director of our Managing Global Order Initiative, and he and his team have done a great deal to put together today’s program. The first panel, that is for the next hour, is going to look somewhat through the lens of Richard’s extraordinary career to see what lessons might be drawn from his experiences and efforts on the big subject of the day. And then the second panel will take a look at future challenges and policy choices available to the United ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 706 Duke Street, Suite 100 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 GENOCIDE-2012/05/22 4 States, its allies, its friends, and to the international community. The first panel I’m going to introduce very briefly so that we can get quickly into the discussion. Bob Orr is an old and good friend and former colleague who has had the title of Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations and who worked very closely with Richard Holbrooke at the UN, particularly in the 1990s. The Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, issued a public statement this morning announcing the promotion of Bob to a newly created position of Undersecretary for Public and Private Partnerships - - or Policy and Partnerships? It’s such a new position I haven’t even mastered the title yet, but I’m glad -- MR. ORR: No one else has either. MR. TALBOTT: Well, I’m glad you have. Among other things it means that Bob is going to maintain a kind of policy planning function for the Secretary General, but also deal very operationally with major global threats including climate change and threats to global public health. So, congratulations to you, Bob, on that. As for Vali Nasr, he has a distinguished career that has brought him into very close colleagueship with Richard Holbrooke and he has just recently been appointed the new dean of our neighbor here on Massachusetts Avenue, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies as dean, and he is going to retain, I’m happy to say, the title of non-resident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, but not all that non-resident, by the way, since he’ll be just a couple of doors down the street. And as for Kati, she is an author and a journalist and in that capacity has a new book coming out in August, it’s called Paris: A Love Story, and she might even find a way of weaving that into her remarks in just a minute. She’s also been an extraordinarily accomplished and dedicated activist in the fields that we’re talking about, part of the leadership of the Committee to Protect Journalists, the International Rescue ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 706 Duke Street, Suite 100 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 GENOCIDE-2012/05/22 5 Committee, and also a member of the board of Central European University. So, with that I would ask Bob to get us started and we’re going to try to keep these opening comments fairly short so we can get a little bit of interaction among ourselves but then very quickly bring this very expert audience into the discussion. MR. ORR: Thank you very much, Strobe. It’s a great honor to be here and to share the stage with Kati, and you, Strobe, and Vali. Richard Holbrooke was not a rules man, he was a break the rules man, so I’m going to do something very un-Holbrooke-ian. As I cast my brain back to spending time with him addressing issues around this topic of preventing mass atrocities, try to extract a few rules from not what he said, but what he did. And I think the first rule that I learned from him was, make the whole world your own. He was very much identified, I think as Strobe said, with certain parts of the world and certain accomplishments in certain parts of the world, but he had a hunger to know and to address the problems of the whole world and that’s where I really got to know him best, was in one of the parts of the world he knew least, which he admitted, finally, after some time, that when I first was briefing him as an incoming ambassador to the UN and I said, “You’ll spend about 70 percent of your time on Africa.” He looked at me quizzically and he said, “Have you even read my resume?” But the fact was, his strategic mind was perfectly adapted to the needs of Africa, and his heart was perfectly adapted to the needs of Africa. So, I think Kati joined us on the first big trip of his tenure as ambassador to the United Nations. And being very strategic he set out three goals for the trip to Africa -- we traveled to, I think, 11 or 12 countries -- first would be to bring peace to the Congo.
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