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Junio 2019 Callao, Perú BOLETÍN INSTITUTO DEL MAR DEL PERÚ BOLETÍN INSTITUTO DEL MAR DEL PERÚ nero -Junio 2019 ISSN 0458-7766 E Volumen 34, Número 1 Enero - Junio 2019 BOLETÍN IMARPE 34 NÚMERO 1 Callao, Perú Robles, Siccha-Ramirez, Cisneros Crecimiento en cautiverio de Mycteroperca xenarcha, evaluación dietas. Tumbes, Perú ACONDICIONAMIENTO, EVALUACIÓN DE DIETAS COMERCIALES PARA CRECIMIENTO EN CAUTIVERIO DE JUVENILES DEL MERO Mycteroperca xenarcha Jordan, 1888. TUMBES, PERÚ CONDITIONING, ASSESSMENT OF COMMERCIAL DIETS FOR CAPTIVE GROWTH OF JUVENILES OF GROUPER Mycteroperca xenarcha Jordan, 1888. TUMBES, PERU Johnny Robles1 Raquel Siccha-Ramirez1 Paola Cisneros1 RESUMEN Robles J, Siccha-Ramirez R, Cisneros P. 2019. Acondicionamiento, evaluación de dietas comerciales para crecimiento en cautiverio de juveniles del mero Mycteroperca xenarcha Jordan, 1888. Tumbes, Perú. Bol. Inst Mar Perú. 34(1): 115-127.- Se evaluó el acondicionamiento al cautiverio y el crecimiento de juveniles de Mycteroperca xenarcha empleando dietas comerciales. Durante 14 meses (5 meses de acondicionamiento y 9 de crecimiento) se trabajó con 105 ejemplares de tallas homogéneas, distribuidos en cuatro grupos de tratamiento: T1 (pellet 50%) T2 (pellet 40%) T3 (pellet 50%+alimento fresco) y T0 (alimento fresco). Mensualmente se registró longitud total (Lt) y peso total (Pt). Se determinó el incremento diario de peso individual (IDPI), la tasa de crecimiento específica, factor de condición, factor de conversión alimenticia y supervivencia de cada tratamiento. Estadísticamente se fijaron dos grupos en términos de Lt: 1T -T2 y T3-T0 (ANOVA, F=4,272; p = 0,012, Tukey p = 0,236 y p = 0,694), registrándose mejores valores de crecimiento en T3 (22,50 mm) y T0 (29,34 mm). Los mejores resultados en IDPI se obtuvieron en T3 (0,28 g/día) y T0 (0,31 g/día). Con relación al incremento en peso, los tratamientos no evidenciaron diferencias significativas (ANOVA, F = 0,403, p = 0,752). El factor de condición K mostró diferencia significativa entre tratamientos (ANOVA, F = 31,05; p < 0,05), verificándose dos grupos: 1T –T2 y T3–T0 (Tukey p = 0,994 y p = 0,422). Estos resultados indican que para garantizar el crecimiento de M. xenarcha en condiciones de cautiverio se debe incluir alimento fresco en la dieta, sugiriendo que los alimentos formulados no cumplen por sí solos con los requerimientos nutricionales de la especie. Palabras clave: Mycteroperca xenarcha, mero, pellet, crecimiento en cautiverio ABSTRACT Robles J, Siccha-Ramirez R, Cisneros P. 2019. Conditioning, assessment of commercial diets for captive growth of juveniles of grouper Mycteroperca xenarcha Jordan, 1888. Tumbes, Peru. Bol. Inst Mar Peru. 34(1): 115- 127.- The captive conditioning and growth of juveniles of Mycteroperca xenarcha were assessed by using commercial diets. Over a 14-month period (5 months of conditioning and 9 months of growth) we worked with 105 specimens of homogeneous sizes, which were distributed in four treatment groups: T1 (pellet 50%) T2 (pellet 40%) T3 (pellet 50% + fresh food) and T0 (fresh food). Total length (TL) and total weight (TW) were recorded monthly. Individual daily weight increase (IDWI), specific growth rate, condition factor, feed conversion factor and survival of each treatment were determined. Statistically, two groups were fixed in terms of TL: 1T -T2 and T3-T0 (ANOVA, F=4.272, p = 0.012, Tukey p = 0.236 and p = 0.694), by recording better growth values in 3T (22.50 mm) and T0 (29.34 mm). The best results in IDWI were obtained in T3 (0.28 g/day) and T0 (0.31 g/day). Regarding the increase in weight, the treatments did not show significant differences (ANOVA, F = 0.403, p = 0.752). The (K) condition factor showed a significant difference between treatments (ANOVA, F = 31.05, p < 0.05), with two groups: T1-T2 and T3-T0 (Tukey p = 0.994 and p = 0.422). These results suggest that to ensure the growth of M. xenarcha under captive conditions, fresh food should be included in the diet and it is strongly implied that the formulated foods do not, by themselves, meet the nutritional requirements of the species. Keywords: Mycteroperca xenarcha, mero pellet, growth in captivity 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1. INTRODUCTION En el 2014, la pesca para consumo humano y la In 2014, fishing for human consumption and acuicultura registraron los mayores volúmenes de captura aquaculture recorded the highest volumes of catch y producción, destacando estas actividades como claves and production, with these activities standing out para la seguridad alimentaria, ya que proporcionan más del as key to food security, as they provide more than 15% del suministro total de proteínas animales. La rápida 15% of the total animal protein supply. The rapid expansión de la acuicultura, incluidas las actividades de expansion of aquaculture, including the activities of 1 IMARPE, Laboratorio Costero de Tumbes, Calle José Olaya S/N, C.P. Nueva Esperanza, Zorritos, Contralmirante Villar, Tumbes. [email protected] 115 Bol Inst Mar Perú / Vol 34 / No 1/ Enero-Junio 2019 ISSN 0458-7766 los pequeños productores, figura como una de las razones small-scale producers, appears as one of the reasons de este crecimiento en la producción FAO (2016). for this growth in production FAO (2016). La producción piscícola procedente de maricultura, Between 2005 and 2014, fish production from entre el 2005 y el 2014, creció 5,8% anual (FAO 2016). mariculture grew by 5.8% annually (FAO 2016). Varios países han incursionado en la maricultura Several countries have entered mariculture obtaining obteniendo resultados importantes, desarrollando important results, developing technologies for tecnologías para el cultivo en jaulas flotantes, en cultivation in floating cages, in oceanic and coastal regiones oceánicas y costeras, contribuyendo al rápido regions, contributing to the rapid growth of marine crecimiento del cultivo de peces marinos sobre todo en fish farming especially in the East Asian region and in la región oriental de Asia y en el mar Mediterráneo, the Mediterranean Sea, where most of the production of donde se encuentra la mayor parte de la producción marine fish is found, including Serranidae “groupers” de peces marinos entre ellos los Serranidae “meros” (Rossi 2010). (Rossi 2010). In Peru, fish farming is still in its inception phase. En Perú el cultivo de peces sigue siendo incipiente. Research has begun with the conditioning of Las investigaciones al respecto han comenzado marine fish at the laboratory, such as Engraulis con acondicionamiento de peces marinos dentro ringens anchoveta (Espinoza et al. 2007), del laboratorio, como Engraulis ringens anchoveta Paralichthys adspersus fine flounder (Carrera (Espinoza et al. 2007), Paralichthys adspersus et al. 2013), Anisotremus scapularis Peruvian lenguado (Carrera et al. 2013), Anisotremus grunt, Paralabrax callaensis sea bass (IMARPE scapularis chita, Paralabrax callaensis cabrilla 2015), Cynoscion phoxocephalus cachema (IMARPE 2015), Cynoscion phoxocephalus corvina weakfish (Palacios et al. 2015), and Centropomus cherela (Palacios et al. 2015) y Centropomus nigrescens black robalo (Marinazul, personal nigrescens robalo (Marinazul, comunicación communication). Regarding freshwater fish such personal). En el caso de peces de agua dulce como as Arapaima gigas, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum Arapaima gigas paiche, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum barred sorubim, Colossoma macropomum cachama, doncella, Colossoma macropomum gamitana, Piaractus brachypomus pirapitinga, Oncorhynchus Piaractus brachypomus paco, Oncorhynchus mykiss mykiss rainbow trout, and Oreochromis niloticus trucha y Oreochromis niloticus tilapia, existe Nile tilapia. There is a juvenile production and a producción de alevines y cultivo medianamente medium intensified culture in Peru (PRODUCE intensificado en el Perú (PRODUCE 2009). 2009). Sin embargo existen otras especies de elevado Nonetheless, there are other species of high valor comercial, interesantes para el cultivo, tal commercial value, which are interesting for es el caso del Mycteroperca xenarcha Jordan, 1888 culture, such as Mycteroperca xenarcha Jordan, (Familia: Serranidae), comúnmente llamado 1888 (Family: Serranidae), also known as “mero murique”, que es una especie bentonerítica, “grouper”, which is a bentho-neritic species que habita áreas rocosas costeras, peñas con algas, that inhabits coastal rocky areas, rocks with cuevas y lagunas de manglar (Chirichigno y algae, caves and mangrove lagoons (Chirichigno Cornejo 2001). Se distribuye desde bahía de San & Cornejo 2001). It is distributed from San Francisco (EE.UU.) a Paita (Perú), incluyendo las Francisco Bay (USA) to Paita (Peru), including the Islas Galápagos, llegando ocasionalmente hasta Galapagos Islands, occasionally reaching Callao, el Callao, Perú (Chirichigno y Cornejo 2001, Peru (Chirichigno & Cornejo 2001, Aburto- Aburto-Oropeza et al. 2008). Oropeza et al. 2008). En los últimos años, en el mundo, los meros han Groupers have been considered, worldwide in recent sido considerados como un grupo de peces marinos years, as a group of marine fish with potential con potencial para la acuacultura, sobre todo por su for aquaculture, especially for their commercial importancia comercial, calidad de su carne, rápido importance, meat quality, rapid growth and resistance crecimiento y resistencia a las condiciones de cultivo to farming conditions (Rossi 2010). (Rossi 2010). 116 Robles, Siccha-Ramirez, Cisneros Crecimiento en cautiverio de Mycteroperca xenarcha, evaluación dietas. Tumbes, Perú Este recurso representa una importante fuente This resource represents
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