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The Reality of Trade in West Africa

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The Reality of Trade in West Africa THE REALITY OF TRADE IN WEST AFRICA 2012 ANNUAL REPORT African Center for Trade Integration and Development THE REALITY OF TRADE IN WEST AFRICA 1 2012 Annual Report This report on the situation of trade in West Africa is commissioned and coordinated by the African Centre for Trade, Integration and Development (Enda - CACID). It was conducted by the Laboratoire d’Analyse Régionale et d’Expertise Sociale (LARES) - Cotonou. It triggers a tradition of annual reporting on trade and development in West Africa. Management and coordination: Dr. Cheikh Tidiane DIEYE Writing: Dr. Bio Goura SOULE, Dr. Borgui YERIMA Scientific collaboration: Samba KANOUTE, Roger BLEIN Mapping and illustration: Dominique Joel YALLOU Editing and publishing: Noma Camara Cover photos: National Refining Company (SONARA), Douala (Cameroon Picture: http://sonara.unblog.fr/ Cattle and hydrocarbon traffic. Images: D. Joel Yallou-LARES bags of grain. Roger Blein (ISSALA), SOS Faim-AL and JL Brocart Herd of oxen. http://www.journalducameroun.com 2 THE REALITY OF TRADE IN WEST AFRICA 2012 Annual Report THE REALITY OF TRADE IN WEST AFRICA 2012 ANNUAL REPORT African Center for Trade Integration and Development The editing and printing of this annual report on trade in West Africa was made possible thanks to support from the Friedrich Ebert Foundation and financial support from Oxfam Novib. THE REALITY OF TRADE IN WEST AFRICA 1 2012 Annual Report © 2012 African Centre for Trade, Integration and Development (CACID) Published by ENDA CACID 73 rue Carnot, BP 6879 Dakar-Etoile, Sénégal Tél : (221) 33 821 70 37 Fax : (221) 33 823 57 54 Email : [email protected] Website : www.endacacid.org Member of ENDA Third World international network Director: Dr. Cheikh Tidiane DIEYE Quote: ENDA CACID, «The Reality of Trade in West Africa», 2012 Annual Report, Dakar, Senegal, 112 pages Reproduction of this report for non-commercial purposes, including for educational purposes, is authorized without prior permission by the author, provided the source is fully acknowledged. 2 THE REALITY OF TRADE IN WEST AFRICA 2012 Annual Report TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... 5 PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................ 7 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 9 PART ONE: THE GENERAL CONTEXT OF TRADE IN WEST AFRICA .................................................. 15 SHEET #1: THE ENVIRONMENT OF TRADE IN WEST AFRICA ........................................................16 PART TWO: GENERAL TRADE IN WEST AFRICA .............................................................................. 23 SHEET #2: GENERAL TREND OF WEST AFRICAN TRADE ...............................................................24 SHEET #3: OIL-DOMINATED EXPORTS ......................................................................................... 28 SHEET #4: EXPORTS DOMINATED BY CONSUMER GOODS .......................................................... 32 SHEET # 5: POSITIVE BALANCE OF TRADE ................................................................................... 36 SHEET #6: TRADE WITH THE EU/EUROPE ....................................................................................39 SHEET #7: TRADE WITH NAFTA/AMERICAS ................................................................................. 48 SHEET #8: TRADE WITH BRIC/ASIA ..............................................................................................57 SHEET #9: TRADE WITH THE REST OF AFRICA ............................................................................. 68 PART III: INTRA-COMMUNITY TRADE .............................................................................................75 SHEET #10: RECENT TREND OF INTRAREGIONAL TRADE .............................................................76 SHEET #11: THE FIRST THREE IN INTRA-COMMUNITY TRADE: CÔTE-D’IVOIRE, NIGERIA, AND SENEGAL .................................................................81 SHEET #12: WEST AFRICAN TRADE CLUSTERS AND ROUTES .......................................................85 SHEET #13: GEOGRAPHY OF INTRA-COMMUNITY TRADE FLOWS ...............................................89 SHEET #14: THE PLAYERS IN THE INTRAREGIONAL TRADE ..........................................................94 SHEET #15: INFORMAL CROSS-BORDER TRADE........................................................................... 97 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 101 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................105 LIST OF MAPS ................................................................................................................................108 THE REALITY OF TRADE IN WEST AFRICA 3 2012 Annual Report 4 THE REALITY OF TRADE IN WEST AFRICA 2012 Annual Report ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACP Africa, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States AGOA African Growth and Opportunity Act NAFTA North America Free Trade Agreement EPA Economic Partnership Agreement ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations BOA Bank Of Africa BSIC Banque Sahélo-Saharienne pour l’Investissement et le Commerce BRS Banque Régionale de Solidarité BRIC Brazil, Russia, India and China BTP Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics CEAO Communauté Economique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest/West African Economic Community EEC European Economic Community ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States CSE Compagnie Sahélienne d’Entreprise du Sénégal REC Regional Economic Community ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States CEMAC Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l’Afrique centrale CILSS Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in Sahel CIMA Inter-African Conference of Insurance Markets CNPC China National Petroleum Corporation UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa EAC East African Community FBN First Bank of Nigeria GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute LARES Laboratoire d’Analyse Régionale et d’Expertise Sociale MGS Mutuelle Générale Santé MISTOWA Market Information Systems and Trader’s Organizations in West Africa SSM Special Safeguard Mechanism NSIA Nouvelle Société Interafricaine d’Assurance OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development THE REALITY OF TRADE IN WEST AFRICA 5 2012 Annual Report OHADA Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires WTO World Trade Organisation GDP Gross Domestic Product LDC Least Developed Countries SAAR Société d’Assurance Africaine SADC Southern African Development Community SGB Société Générale des Banques HS Harmonized System GSP Generalized System of Preference UMAC Union Monétaire de l’Afrique central/Cenetral African Monetary Union UBA United Bank for Africa UBN United Bank of Nigeria EU European Union WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union USA United States of America USAID United States Agency for International Development ECT External Common Tariff ZIB Zenith International Bank 6 THE REALITY OF TRADE IN WEST AFRICA 2012 Annual Report PREFACE By initiating this first publication of the «Annual Report on trade in West Africa» the African Centre for Trade, Integration and Development (CACID) is initiating a shift, and an action of anticipation at a time, which prompts, on the one hand, to correct the pathway for the construction of economic integration in West Africa, and on the other hand, to correct some weaknesses in the process. This report, which is designed and coordinated by CACID is an unprecedented and original starting point inaugurating a tradition of annually publishing facts and figures on trade in West Africa, which I hope to be robust, and permanent. The decision to annually publish reports on trade in West Africa is not a coincidence. It is the result of the commitment of Enda Third World in the field of research and advocacy on trade in West Africa for over fifteen years. Acting closer to the social and economic realities of West Africa, and working as a watchdog for civil society, we have seen that the region lacked an information tool, which could be useful to national and regional policymakers, researchers, civil society and the private sector, among others. The idea of producing this report on trade in West Africa emanates from that context. Its mission is to bring together in one place, sound and intensive information about facts and figures on trade in West Africa, business processes and arrangements that countries of the region have committed to, the design and implementation of regional trade policies, in coordination with other sectoral policies. It also allows to analyze and put into perspective the trends in trade, the strengths and weaknesses of the sector and how it can promote growth and development in West Africa. Taking these objectives into account, we have developed this first publication as an overview of trade in West Africa. Starting from the second edition, in 2013, we will have a thematic or sectoral approach that will touch on issues such as «Trade, Environment and Development in West Africa»; “the diversification of trading partners in West
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