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New Plant Introductions: What Is Involved for the NDSU Woody Plant Improvement Program?

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New Plant Introductions: What Is Involved for the NDSU Woody Plant Improvement Program? New Plant Introductions: What is Involved for the NDSU Woody Plant Improvement Program? Todd P. West, Ph.D. NDSU WPIP Steps 1. Obtain potential winter-hardy germplasm for evaluation and/or breeding efforts. 2. Replicate evaluations at several sites within North Dakota. 3. Narrow evaluations to most promising selections. 4. When possible, potential final selections are observed by researchers from regional universities and nursery industry personnel to provide additional input. 5. New name cultivar and select potential trademark name. 6. Distribute propagation material to wholesale nursery propagators. 7. License wholesale nursery firms to commercially produce the new woody plant. 8. Publish information to make known the new introductions at all levels. NDSU WPIP Steps 1. Obtain potential winter-hardy germplasm for evaluation and/or breeding efforts. 2. Replicate evaluations at several sites within North Dakota. 3. Narrow evaluations to most promising selections. 4. When possible, potential final selections are observed by researchers from regional universities and nursery industry personnel to provide additional input. 5. New name cultivar and select potential trademark name. 6. Distribute propagation material to wholesale nursery propagators. 7. License wholesale nursery firms to commercially produce the new woody plant. 8. Publish information to make known the new introductions at all levels. Germplasm Sources • Good eye • Most selections are made just by driving around and finding something different than the species and more interesting. • Foreign and domestic seed sources – Growing out seedling populations and selecting individuals with superior attributes. • Plant breeding – Traditional breeding including F2 populations to observe segregation of traits. – Hybridizing • Both intra- and interspecific hybridization • In Vitro Tissue Culture – Somaclonal variation – Embryo rescue – Mutagenesis – Protoplast fusion - Seed Collection Site ND Latitude Coordinates ~ 46 – 48° N - Seed Collection Site Breeding Efforts • Include mutagenic breeding – Chemical Induced (polyploidy, DNA mutation) – Gamma radiation (DNA mutation) • Traditional breeding efforts – Magnolia – Maple – Elderberry • Protoplast Fusion Spring Welcome® Magnolia Magnolia x loebneri ‘Ruth’ Interspecific Crosses • Take advantage of one species hardiness to make a progeny with a species with less hardiness. • Example: – Hardy: Acer pseudosieboldianum (Korean Maple) – Not hardy: A. palmatum (Japanese Maple) – Acer pseudosieboldianum x palmatum 'Hasselkus' Northern Glow® Maple - J.F. Schmidt & Son Co. Bred by Dr. Ed Hasselkus at UW- Madison, this hybrid seedling originated from seed of the Korean maple but has more of the appearance of Japanese Maple. Its graceful spreading form is attractive in summer green, then comes aglow with bright fall colors. Acer palmatum x A. pseudosieboldianum Northern Spotlight™ Korean Maple Acer pseudosieboldianum ‘KorDak’ • NDSU release. • Very winter hardy Korean Maple selection. • 7-9 palmately lobed simple leaf • Potential to fill void of winter hardy Japanese Maples. • Retention of leaves throughout winter months – may assist in winter sun protection. Photo by Greg Morgenson, NDSU Photos by Greg Morgenson, NDSU Sambucus nigra ‘Gerda’ Black Beauty™ Elderberry Sambucus nigra ‘NDSU TS14019’ Elderberry Groundcover Black Lace™ ‘Madonna’ ‘Hillier’s Dwarf’ Lemon Lace™ Syringa (Lilac) Protoplast Fusion Creamy-white flowers Sparse fragrance Pink flowers Highly fragrant Tetraploid Syringa ‘Dancing Druid’ NDSU WPIP Steps 1. Obtain potential winter-hardy germplasm for evaluation and/or breeding efforts. 2. Replicate evaluations at several sites within North Dakota. 3. Narrow evaluations to most promising selections. 4. When possible, potential final selections are observed by researchers from regional universities and nursery industry personnel to provide additional input. 5. New name cultivar and select potential trademark name. 6. Distribute propagation material to wholesale nursery propagators. 7. License wholesale nursery firms to commercially produce the new woody plant. 8. Publish information to make known the new introductions at all levels. North Dakota Evaluation Sites Carrington Dickinson Absaraka - Primary Research Evaluation Sites - Secondary Research Evaluation Sites NDSU Dale E. Herman Research Arboretum Source: USDA, 2011; http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/ Objectives 1. Obtain potential winter-hardy germplasm for evaluation and/or breeding efforts. 2. Replicate evaluations at several sites within North Dakota. 3. Narrow evaluations to most promising selections. 4. When possible, potential final selections are observed by researchers from regional universities and nursery industry personnel to provide additional input. 5. New name cultivar and select potential trademark name. 6. Distribute propagation material to wholesale nursery propagators. 7. License wholesale nursery firms to commercially produce the new woody plant. 8. Publish information to make known the new introductions at all levels. Northern Empress® Japanese Elm Ulmus davidiana var. japonica ‘Burgundy Glow’ • 2014 NDSU release • 28 x 24’ • Slower growth rate than species • Excellent consistent burgundy red fall color • Minimally affected by black leaf spot of elm • Japanese elm has an inherent resistance to elm leaf beetles and Dutch Elm Disease (DED) • Evaluated at NDSU Dale E. Herman Research Arboretum since 1980 Early apricot-orange fall foliage. Later burgundy-red fall foliage. Cinnamon Curls® Dwarf Korean Birch Betula costata ‘CinnDak’ • 2014 NDSU release • 8 x 8’ (after 25+ years) • Dense oval rounded habit • Exfoliating bark similar to Fox Valley® (‘Little King’) River Birch (marginal hardiness in USDA zones 3-4) • Evaluated at NDSU Dale E. Herman Research Arboretum since 1985. Fall color Photo by Todd West, NDSU Photos by Todd West, NDSU Photo by Greg Morgenson, NDSU NDSU Accession – 1985 Morton Accession – 1995 Photo by Todd West, NDSU September Flare™ Sugar Maple Acer saccharum ‘SeptDak’ • 2015 NDSU release. • Begins to shut down and color by Sept 15th Photo by Greg Morgenson, NDSU Photo by Greg Morgenson, NDSU Lavaburst™ Ohio Buckeye Aesculus glabra ‘LavaDak’ • 2015 NDSU release. • 2012 - 2013 with drought, no leaf scorch. • 12’ wide • Being evaluated by Carlton Plants, LLC (Dayton, OR) Photos by Greg Morgenson, NDSU Photos by Greg Morgenson, NDSU Photos by Greg Morgenson, NDSU Photo by Greg Morgenson, NDSU NDSU WPIP Steps 1. Obtain potential winter-hardy germplasm for evaluation and/or breeding efforts. 2. Replicate evaluations at several sites within North Dakota. 3. Narrow evaluations to most promising selections. 4. When possible, potential final selections are observed by researchers from regional universities and nursery industry personnel to provide additional input. 5. New name cultivar and select potential trademark name. 6. Distribute propagation material to wholesale nursery propagators. 7. License wholesale nursery firms to commercially produce the new woody plant. 8. Publish information to make known the new introductions at all levels. How does it propagate? How does it grow? NDSU WPIP Steps 1. Obtain potential winter-hardy germplasm for evaluation and/or breeding efforts. 2. Replicate evaluations at several sites within North Dakota. 3. Narrow evaluations to most promising selections. 4. When possible, potential final selections are observed by researchers from regional universities and nursery industry personnel to provide additional input. 5. New name cultivar and select potential trademark name. 6. Distribute propagation material to wholesale nursery propagators. 7. License wholesale nursery firms to commercially produce the new woody plant. 8. Publish information to make known the new introductions at all levels. Trademark and Registering Name • New selections are released through the North Dakota State University Research Foundation. • Introductions are trademarked and registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and with the Canadian Ornamental Plant Foundation (COPF). Why Trademark? • Over time they provide significant value or well- known brand name (brand equity). • Increasingly effective in maintaining differentiation in the marketplace. • Example: – First Editions ® - Bailey Nurseries – Proven Winners ® • Owned by 3 US plant propagators (Euro American in Bonsall, CA; Four Star Greenhouse in Carleton, MI; and Pleasant View Gardens in Loudon, NH). • On a retail sales level, Proven Winners ® and Proven Selections ® sales are greater than a half-billion dollars annually. The plants are available from just about every garden center in North America. Example • Autumn Blaze® Maple • What is the botanic name? Photo: http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/FullImageDisplay.aspx?documentid=14655 • Acer × freemanii 'Jeffersred’ • How many sold as Jeffersred Maple? Photo: http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/FullImageDisplay.aspx?documentid=14655 JFS-KSU1 Hackberry Anyone? Prairie Sentinel® Hackberry Celtis occidentalis 'JFS-KSU1’ Steps 1. Obtain potential winter-hardy germplasm for evaluation and/or breeding efforts. 2. Replicate evaluations at several sites within North Dakota. 3. Narrow evaluations to most promising selections. 4. When possible, potential final selections are observed by researchers from regional universities and nursery industry personnel to provide additional input. 5. New name cultivar and select potential trademark name. 6. Distribute propagation material to
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