February - March 2016 Volume 11 No. 1 `100.00 (-Based Buyer Only)

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Page 4  naval modernisation Future Weapon Photograph: Technologies – Navy’s Blueprint of ‘Make in India’ Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) Page 5 Exclusive

Ministry of Commerce ‘Facilitator’ of ‘Make in India’ Initiatives Page 6 A Roller-Coaster Journey Vikrant-to-Vikrant – Now Ahoy Vishal! India’s entry into the elite global group of designers and builders as its exclusive fifth member will mark an unenviable milestone Rear Sushil Ramsay (Retd)

Page 7 Anti- warfare of Project-28 Kavaratti SP’s Naval Forces – A Decade of Service to the Nation Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) Page 8 – Modernisation India’s Quest for a With target set to triple its surface fleet strength and nearly doubling its Air Wing inventory, the Indian Coast Guard is well poised for a quantum jump Strategic Maritime Reach Sushil Ramsay (Retd) Page 10 EMALS – An Electrifying Finance Minister Arun Jaitley has announced a defence allocation of `2,58,589.3 crore Launch System Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) (about $38 billion) in the budget 2016-17 which is 1.47 per cent of the GDP Plus Indo-Israel Defence n Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) From the capital budget about `11,595 announced a defence allocation of Co-operation – crore has been not been spent which `2,58,589.3 crore (about $38 billion) in Naval Perspective 11 he Finance Minister’s bud- is equal to 13.4 per cent. This could be the budget 2016 which is 1.47 per cent of get speech has always high- utilised to boost popular schemes which the GDP. This figure includes revenue and Rear Admiral Sushil Ramsay (Retd) lighted the allocation for the could give advantage to the government capital expenditure, net of recoveries and International Fleet Review – defence forces with the cus- as five states are going for election this revenue receipts but excludes the defence Instrument of Power tomary closing remark that if year. The government also considers the pensions. Tadditional funds are required, they will defence manufacture as a key player Projection 12 be met. However this year the budget to boost ‘Make in India’ and accord- Rear Admiral Sushil Ramsay (Retd) Revenue Budget speech does not include any reference to ingly changes in customs and excise The total revenue allocation `1,43,869.46 News in Brief 14 the allocation for defence and the word duty rates have been planned on certain crore (about $21.15 billion) which is about defence is used only five times. In fact inputs to reduce costs and improve com- 6 per cent more than the revised estimates the burden of Seventh Pay Commission petitiveness of domestic industry in sec- of `1,25,808.67 crore of 2015-16. and One Rank One Pension (OROP) has tors like defence production and some Army. A total allocation of been highlighted. It is altogether a differ- other sectors. `1,02,788.84 crore is shown which ent matter that the Ministry of Defence includes other revenue expenditure like can rarely spend all the allocated funds Defence Budget Allocations pay and allowances of civilians, transpor- Applied for and a portion has to be surrendered. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley has tation, stores, works, etc. Out of this pay

1/2016 1  naval modernisation

The first issue of SP’s Naval to 1.71 per cent of the GDP, was preceded by a document in this issue. The defence Forces 2016, coincides with however the parliamentary titled ‘Technology Perspec- cooperation with Israel is also the Land, Naval and Internal standing committee has rec- tive and Capability Road Map highlighted in this issue. Then Homeland Security Systems ommended a minimum of 3 (TPCR)’ which was prepared in there is an article on EMALS. Exhibition (Defexpo 2016) per cent of GDP as the defence April 2013 by HQs Integrated There is also a write-up on being held from March 28-31 budget in its reports to the Defence Staff, which gave out the completion of ten years at Naqueri Quitol in Quepem Parliament. Navy is on even the future defence technolo- of SP’s Naval Forces. The issue Taluka of South , India. The keel with the construction of gies required for the defence just about wraps up with the reason given for the change 47 ships of all types includ- forces. This document was news in brief and flag post- of venue from the traditional ing , aircraft car- placed in the public domain ings. Happy reading all you Delhi to Goa is because of the rier and fast attack vessels. so that the private sector discerning readers and meet renovation to be carried out at As part of ‘Make in India’ cam- and the Defence public sec- you at Defexpo 2016 in Hall Pragati Maidan. This issue also paign of the government, Navy tor undertakings have a level 10.5.5 at Goa. coincides with the national has prepared a Indian Naval playing field. Suitable extracts

EDITORIAL budget which was presented Indigenisation Plan (INIP) for from INIP on future naval on February 29 thus the lead 2015-30 which has touched weapon technologies have article is on the Navy aspects upon the future require- been featured in this issue. of the budget. Arun Jaitley has ments of all types of hardware Another major naval event, set aside `3,40,921.98 crore including submarines and which placed India on the ($52.2 billion) for the Minis- naval aviation in a compre- global platform, was the Inter- try of Defence. Excluding the hensive manner. Navy’s foray national Fleet Review, held at defence pensions, an amount into indigenisation began from Febru- of `2,58,589 crore has been over five decades ago with the ary 4-8, 2016, with the theme allocated for defence (about design and construction of ‘United through Oceans’. More Jayant BaranwaL $38 billion). This amounts warships in the country. INIP about it in a report included Publisher & Editor-in-Chief

Photograph: Indian Navy and allowances for the Army personnel are dra Modi has already unveiled a plaque for `67,721.78 crore. the foundation stone on January 3, 2016. Navy. A total of `17,424.79 crore is This facility will be utilised for the manufac- shown which includes other revenue expen- ture of all defence utility helicopters. diture. Out of this pay and allowances for Indian Coast Guard. The Coast Guard naval personnel is `5,272.70 crore. had been allocated `1,200 crore last year Air Force. A total of `23,655.83 crores which had been raised to `1,500 crore in has been allocated which includes other the revised estimates. The same amount is revenue expenditure. Out of this pay and allocated now for the acquisition of ships allowances for Air Force personnel is like advanced offshore patrol vessels, `12,072.53 crore. inshore patrol vessels, fast patrol vessels, Ministry of Defence (Miscellaneous). helicopters, aircrafts, etc., to bolster their This includes planned and non-planned allo- coastal security capability. cation of `36,133.18 crore for Secretariat- Naval Dockyards. The allocation of General Services, Border Road Secretariat, Rs 1,456.77 crore has been made to cater Indian Coast Guard, Defence Estates Organ- for their upkeep and modernisation and is isation, Jammu and Kashmir Light Infan- marginally more than last year. try, DRDO, Ordnance Factories, NCC, etc. It First of Scorpene submarines, INS Kalvari, undocked Modernisation of Ship Yards. Moderni- includes a capital allocation of `450 crore for sation needs of the defence have roads and bridges and North-eastern areas. naval fleet) comes to `18,907 crore (about and Japan but there seems to be no prog- been made based on the requirement of the Indian Coast Guard. `1,624.41 crore $2.8 billion). Naval Dockyards which repair ress. A contract was signed between Indian ongoing and future projects. Accordingly for revenue and `1,500 crores for capital the naval ships have a separate budget of Navy and HAL in July 2010 for supply of the DPSU Shipyards i.e. Mazagon Dock Ship- budget has been allocated. `1,456.77 crore. 17 Nos of Hawk AJT and associated equip- builders Ltd, Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Naval Fleet. This head covers the mod- ment which has to be delivered 2016-17. Engineers Ltd, Goa Ltd and Hindu- Capital Budget ernization of the key element of the Navy, i.e. The aircrafts are being built by the Hindu- stan Shipyard Ltd have embarked on a com- Allocation under this head is meant for all the Naval Fleet. About 47 platforms- rang- stan Aeronautics Limited with transfer of prehensive modernisation programme. Ade- modernisation schemes and `86,340 crore ing from submarines to aircraft carrier, are technology from BAE Systems, UK. There quate funds also have been allotted for the (about $12.6 billion) has been allocated. being built in Indian shipyards. The major was an urgent need for maritime surveil- purpose by the government from a separate This head covers committed liabilities and warship construction programmes in prog- lance domination considering the size of head as applicable to DPSUs. The Indian Gov- what is left, is for the new schemes. Out ress include the Aircraft Carrier, P15A and the Indian Ocean region. Accordingly eight ernment has also announced that all warship of this, `78,586.68 crore is specifically for P15B , Scorpene submarines, P28 P8I of Boeing were contracted for and have requirements for the Indian Navy are being the three services. This allocation includes ASW , P17A Stealth and been delivered. Navy has projected four met by domestic shipyards thus modernisa- weapons and warlike platforms and also fast attack boats. The seven stealth frigates more P-8I which have been accepted by the tion of shipyards is underway accordingly. It land and construction, Naval Fleet, Naval will be built under Project-17A out of which Government during July 2015 at an approxi- is projected that by 2027, Navy’s force level Dock Yards, Joint Staff, Special Projects four are to be build at Mazagon Dock, Mum- mate cost of `4,380 crores (about $0.65 bil- is likely to be 198 warships as compared to and procurement of Rolling Stock. bai, and three at Garden Reach Shipbuilders lion). There is also a requirement for eight its current fleet of 137. Army. `1,565.94 crore has been allo- and Engineers Kolkata. Apart from these medium-range maritime reconnaissance air- cated for aircraft and engines. This amount projects, six conventional and six nuclear craft for which an RFP was floated in 2013. Conclusion will just be able to sustain the existing fleet powered submarines, two midget subma- The other requirements are of additional There is not much change in the defence bud- and major new acquisitions are ruled out. rines for special operations and 12 mine multi-role helicopters and naval light utility get as compared to last year with the added For heavy and medium vehicles `3,411.72 counter measure vessels (MCMV) have been helicopters (NLUH). Earlier it was reported problems of Seventh Pay Commission and crore and for other equipment `16,173.35 cleared by the DAC. MCMV are to be built that 11 Indian private sector companies, OROP. However the modernization of the crore thus it is anybody’s guess as to what at Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) as ‘Make in which include Tata Advanced Systems, Navy is on an even keel and way ahead of the new equipment can be inducted. India’ initiative with foreign collaboration, at Bharat Forge, Reliance Defence and Aero- Army and the Air Force. The successful con- Air Force. `17,833.45 crore under air- an approximate cost of `32,000 crore (about space, Mahindra Aerospace, L&T, etc., had clusion of the 47 ships of all types including crafts and aero engines, `127.35 crore $4.7 billion). It is reported that letter of responded to the RFI to form joint ventures submarines, aircraft carrier and fast attack under heavy and medium vehicles and intent has been issued to GSL. MCMV proj- with AS 565 mbe of Airbus, Bell Helicopters vessels, which are under construction will `9,595.22 crore under other equipment has ect will replace the 12 existing Pondicherry- and Super Lynx 300 of AgustaWestland for add to Navy’s maritime power. Shortage of been allotted. class ocean procured in the 56 (NLUH). However, the picture is not clear all types of helicopters is an area of concern, Navy. `3,805.00 crore for aircraft and 1970s and 1980s. South Korea’s Pusan- as during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s so is amphibian US-2 ShinMaywa which has aero engines, `35 crore for heavy and based Kangnam Corporation is expected to visit to in December 2015, India had been on the drawing board for a long time. medium vehicles, `2,600 crore under other be one of the foreign contenders. signed an agreement with Russia to build Another area is the dwindling conventional equipment, `12,467 crore under Naval Aircraft and Aero engines. Likely plat- Kamov Ka-226 light utility helicopters under submarine fleet. Considering the long ges- Fleet, `1,456.77 crore under Naval Dock- forms on the horizon are Naval Multirole the government’s ‘Make in India’ mission. tation period of acquisition of submarines, yards has been allocated. Helicopter Sikorsky Seahawk S-70B, 16 Earlier it was reported that Anil Ambani’s there is a requirement to expedite these proj- of which were cleared by the government Reliance Group will be the Indian partner but ects. After fructification of these projects, the Analysis of Navy’s Capital Budget last year and amphibian aircraft for which now it is HAL who already have started the combination of nuclear powered submarine, The total capital budget for modernisa- US-2 ShinMaywa is a strong contender. The construction of a separate helicopter manu- conventional submarines and aircraft carri- tion (aircraft and aero-engines; heavy and proposal for US-2 ShinMaywa has been dis- facturing plant near Tumakuru, around 75 ers will enable India to cast a long strategic

SP www.spsnavalforces.com medium vehicles; other equipment and cussed at the highest level between India km from Bengaluru. Prime Minister Naren- shadow over the Indian Ocean region.

2 1/2016 Unique.Unique. AheadAhead ofof thethe Art.Art. Unique. Ahead of the Art.

ShinMaywaShinMaywaShinMaywa Advert_for Advert_for Advert_for MYB MYB MYB & & MAI.indd &MAI.indd MAI.indd 1 1 1 20/11/1220/11/1220/11/12 2:18 2:18 PM 2:18 PM PM ShinMaywa1-13_SP's NavalForces Advert for NF.indd 5-2013.indd 1 14 24/01/1325/01/14 3:481:54 PMPM  technology Future Weapon Technologies – Navy’s Blueprint of ‘Make in India’ “Come, make India your workplace. This is the best time ever to be in India and it’s even better to Make in India.” Prime Minister Narendra Modi while speaking at the ‘Make in India’ Week held from February 13-18, 2016, at .

Photograph: Wass n Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) have a variant of 1,600 km. There is a pos- sibility of a submarine launched ground he Indian Navy (IN) has a attack variant of LRASM also. Raytheon has tradition of over five decades claimed that their JSOW-ER missile system of indigenisation in the field is cheaper and roughly as effective as Lock- of design and construction of heed’s LRASM. IN already has naval ver- warships. Currently 48 state-of- sion of BrahMos whose next generation is Tthe-art ships and submarines are under already under development in India. India construction in government and private will need an anti-ship missile on the lines shipyards. To fulfill the ‘Make in India’ of US’ LRASM. Nirbhay is already under vision of the , IN has development with Defence Research and embarked upon a plan to achieve self- Development Organisation (DRDO). DRDO reliance in the design and manufacture of also has a joint venture with Israel Aero high–tech defence equipment. The plan has space Industries to develop a next-gener- been articulated through a guide line docu- ation LR SAM with a range of 70 km. The ment titled “Indian Naval Indigenisation first trial firing has already been conducted Plan (INIP) 2015-30”, which supersedes the during end December 2015. Indigenisation Plan published in 2008 for Missile Guidance Systems. The cost of the period 2008-22. It may be brought out missile guidance systems is very high and that the IN had the foresight to establish a in modern missiles it may be as much as 50 Directorate of Indigenisation under a two- per cent of the total cost of the missile. The star Admiral, more than a decade back. cost will depend upon the type of guidance They now plan to build the ‘Make in India’ Black Shark heavyweight torpedo systems. Infrared and video seekers, one- vision on their experience gained through way command data links, GPS, and new Iner- five decades of indigenisation. The docu- and soft-kill weapons. Thus the ‘Fight’ capa- stealthier, faster, and smarter with better tial Measurement Unit weapon navigation ment covers all aspects of the naval equip- bility has to match the threat to include hard electronic counter countermeasures capa- systems cost less as compared to two-way, ment including Marine engineering equip- and soft kill, operating in a networked envi- bilities to face future threats. Lockheed’s high-data-rate links and long-range ment; Electrical and electronic systems; ronment. Adding the template of Coopera- long range anti-ship missile (LRASM) pro- seekers. Another approach to reduce cost Weapon, armament and sensors; Subma- tive Engagement Capabilities will integrate gramme was launched in 2009 to replace is to standardise components across the rine equipment and systems; Aircraft han- all the sensors to provide a composite threat four decades old Harpoon. A two-pronged board for all missile systems. Cost is always dling equipment; Diving and special opera- picture which in turn will integrate the fire- approach was initially undertaken with an important criteria thus this aspect is to tions equipment; Naval aviation equipment power of all net-worked platforms to make LRASM-A being a subsonic, low-flying be kept in mind while developing guidance and future technologies. optimum use of them to destroy the hos- and stealthy weapon and LRASM-B being systems which will be co-developed along Categorisation of Ship’s Equipment. tile elements. The document thus stresses a high-altitude supersonic, ramjet pow- with the future missile systems. The equipment can be classified for war- that the indigenous Research and Defence ered anti-ship missile, similar to the Rus- ships and submarines as follows: effort needs to be directed towards devel- sian BrahMos supersonic anti-ship missile. Guns zz Float. This category includes all materi- opment of suitable missiles, guns and soft- Due to financial constraints, LRASM-B was Conventional guns have reached a pla- als, equipment and systems associated kill weapons for anti-missile defence (AMD), cancelled in 2012. The prominent features teau in terms of range and calibre as these with the hull structures and fittings. precision longer range missiles for offensive are that it will ‘intelligently’ sense and are dictated by length of the barrel and 90 per cent indigenisation has been action against ship and land targets, guns avoid hostile threats via an on-board pas- the recoiling force which depends on the achieved in this category. with suitable ranges for providing naval gun sive radio frequency and threat warning muzzle velocity (MV) during firing. Con- zz Move. This category includes propul- fire support (NGFS) and anti-ship and anti- receiver, equipped with an on-board data- siderable research is already in progress in sion system, power generation diesel/ submarine torpedoes. link, advanced artificial intelligence soft- developed countries for the development gas/ engines, alternators, Anti-Ship Missile Defence. This has to ware, low probability of intercept radar, of extended range guided munition pro- associated control systems and other be provided by a mix of quick–reaction high imaging infrared sensor and an inertial jectiles for larger calibre (127mm, 155mm associated equipment. 60 per cent indi- performance surface-to-air missile (SAM) sys- navigation system with embedded GPS. In and even larger) guns. Thus more lethal genisation has been achieved in this tems, high rate of fire close-in weapon sys- addition to LRASM’s own electronic ‘sniff- NGFS capabilities for warships needs to be category. tem (CIWS) guns and, in future, the employ- ing’ abilities, high fidelity off-board data indigenously developed. zz Fight. This category includes all types ment of directed energy weapons (DEW). can be sent to it via data link from exter- Extended Range Guided Munition of ship-borne weapons and sensor sys- Attack and Fire Support Missions. nal sensors. LRASM can also search for its (ERGM). The ERGM is a 12-calibre rocket- tems that directly improve upon the NGFS is provided by precision anti-ship own target autonomously, hundreds of assisted projectile capable of carrying a combat capability of the ship. 30 per missiles, land-attack missiles and thus suit- km away from its launch point. LRASM is 4-caliber submunition. Unitary warhead cent indigenisation has been achieved able calibre guns with appropriate ammuni- planned to be launched from an aerial plat- constructs are also under consideration. in this category. tion need to be developed / procured. Small form as well as naval surface combatants. The 110-pound aerodynamic projectile uses It is clear from above that the areas of calibre guns are also required for engaging Range is expected to be 320 km but could a coupled GPS/INS guidance system. MK45 focus for achieving self-reliance are ‘Move small craft, boats, etc., when operating in Mod 4 will reach ranges in excess of 60 nm and Fight’ category in which ‘Fight’ category the littoral environment or engaging non- (about 111km) with accuracy and lethality. is more critical. The aim of this article is to state actors in policing / low intensity con- The rapid developments in the Raytheon Missile Systems is the prime con- give the readers a glimpse of the IN’s future flict roles. Anti-ship and land-attack mis- tractor and the US Naval Surface Warfare vision in the critical area of ‘Fight’ category. siles should be capable of being launched field of defence electronics, Center is the Technical Design Agent. from ships, submarines and aircraft. ammunition and data Vulcano Ammunition. OTO MELARA is Future Technologies – Fight category developing the Vulcano ammunition fam- The rapid developments in the field of Attack Missiles processing are continuously ily which is based on sub-calibre with the defence electronics, ammunition and data Cruise and sea-skimming missiles launched guided version having aerodynamic con- processing are continuously reinventing the from ships, submarines and aircraft are the reinventing the nature of the trols and INS/GPS navigation. Two types nature of the threats to naval platforms. Our most effective weapon for anti-shipping of ammunition, i.e. unguided and guided potential adversaries including non-state and for engaging land targets due to their threats to naval platforms versions are being developed both in the actors are acquiring potent air-defence sys- accuracy and long range. The future sys-

www.spsnavalforces.com tems, anti-ship weapons, mines, torpedoes, tems will have to have a longer range, be Continued on Page 13...

4 1/2016 RELENTLESS JOURNEY OF make in india EXCELLENCE SINCE 1964

exclusive

The Narendra Modi-led Government is going aggressive on several initiatives and top of them all is the ‘Make in India’ plan. All the ministries are working in that direction, more so the Ministry of Commerce and Industry which is key to the push that is required for not just self-reliance in several sectors but also to give it an export momentum. In response to questions from Jayant Baranwal, Editor-in-Chief of SP’s Naval Forces, the ‘Make in India’/Invest India team at the respective offices, on behalf of the Minister of Commerce and Industry, Nirmala Sitharaman, has outlined the ‘Make in India’ plans in the aerospace and defence sectors, the sectors that are going to give a massive thrust to development. The team on behalf of the Minister has responded to SP’s specific questions. Excerpts: Ministry of Commerce ‘Facilitator’ of ‘Make in India’ Initiatives

SP’s Naval Forces (SP’s): When you say ‘Make in India’ what exactly is the desti- nation – (a) to get foreign OEMs to manu- facture the military platforms in India for Indian market and (b) to get foreign OEMs to manufacture for the overseas markets? Ministry: The main objective of the ‘Make in India’ campaign is to transform India into a global design and manufacturing hub. The products manufactured in India can be used for domestic consumption and can be exported as well.

SP’s: What all incentives the foreign OEMs are supposed to get under the campaign? Ministry: As per the extant Defence Pro- curement Procedure 2013, foreign direct investment (FDI) in joint ventures with Indian enterprises is considered as an eli- gible avenue for discharge of offset obliga- tions in India.

SP’s: In view of creating a solid India- based industrial complex, what all steps 18 years for existing as well as future been confined to DRDO (Defence Research less wastage of public monies, while the are being taken? licences. and Development Organisation), in our results do not really align with those Ministry: The government has taken the zz Notified strategy for export of defence country so far. What all is being done to dimensions? following initiatives in order to build an products? The detailed strategy can be expand the number of players in India? Ministry: The government is taking steps indigenous defence manufacturing base in accessed from the link pasted (http:// Ministry: The government is considering to improve the performance of DRDO to India: ddpmod.gov.in/showfile.php?lid=174) providing incentives for undertaking R&D transform the organisation into a hub for zz Liberalisation of FDI cap in defence zz Notified list of military stores requir- activities in India. As per the information defence manufacturing. manufacturing. FDI up to 49 per cent is ing No Objection Certificate from available in public domain, the govern- allowed under the automatic route. FDI Department of Defence Production? ment is considering to fund private R&D FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) beyond 49 per cent is allowed under The detailed list can be accessed from for building a defence technology base in government route on a case to case the link pasted (http://dgft.gov.in/ the country for which various norms will SP’s: As current level is 49 per cent basis, which is likely to result in access exim/2000/NOT/NOT13/not11513. be stipulated in the Defence Procurement (raised from 26 to 49), which kind of to modern and state-of-the-art technol- pdf) Procedure 2016. Moreover, the first budget programmes may still attract beyond the ogy in the country. of the current government had also pro- limit of 49 per cent? zz Issue of list of equipment requiring SP’s: Will the technologies be borrowed/ vided for creating a `100-crore technology Ministry: As per the FDI policy, now FDI an industrial licence and liberalising purchased from overseas? development fund to provide resources beyond 49 per cent is allowed under regulations. The detailed list can be Ministry: Yes, the technologies will be to public and private sector companies to approval route in cases which result in accessed from the link pasted (http:// transferred by the foreign companies. support research and development (R&D) access to modern and state-of-the-art tech- dipp.nic.in/English/acts_rules/Press_ of defence systems. nology in the country. Notes/pn3_2014.pdf) SP’s: Will the route of transfer of technol- zz Finalisation of security manual for ogy (ToT) be used to enable fast estab- SP’s: Will the government be funding any SP’s: What has been the total of FDI till licensed defence industry? The secu- lishment of industries offering instant programmes in case private sector com- now as a result of the referred raise? rity manual can be accessed from the delivery possibilities? panies are willing to work on develop- Ministry: As per the statistics published on link pasted (http://ddpmod.gov.in/ Ministry: No, transfer of technology will ment of certain military programmes? DIPP (Department of Industrial Policy and showfile.php?lid=151) only enable the foreign companies to get Ministry: Yes. The fund is being created to Promotion) website, defence sector has man- zz Increase in initial validity of industrial more incentives. It will not enable faster support companies to invest in R&D. aged to received FDI amounting to `0.48 licence? The initial validity of indus- establishment of such industries. crore between September 2014 to Decem- trial licence has been extended to 15 SP’s: How about stronger accountabil- ber 2015 (i.e the time since the FDI cap was years, which is further extendable up to SP’s: Research & development – it has ity within DRDO ensuring that there is increased from 26 to 49 per cent). SP

1/2016 5  aircraft carrier A Roller-Coaster Journey Vikrant-to-Vikrant – Now Ahoy Vishal!

India’s entry into the elite global group of aircraft carrier designers and builders as its exclusive fifth member will mark an unenviable milestone to cross for the contemporary entrants in the field

Photograph: n Rear Admiral Sushil Ramsay (Retd) years. This was also the first visit by an aircraft carrier to Colombo after 42 years. oon after gaining indepen- On January 23, 2016, Sri Lankan President dence and the division of Royal Maithriplala Srisena visited Vikramaditya Indian Navy (IN) assets between and was presented by a 50-men Guard of India and Pakistan a new journey Honour, after which he walked around the for the IN was charted based on ship. The ship participate in IFR 2016 in Sthe concept of “two fleets; one for the Bay Visakhapatnam. of Bengal and the other for the Arabian On its return leg from IFR 2016 to the Sea”. “The nucleus of each fleet was to be Base Port, INS Vikramaditya, accompanied formed by a light which would by IN ships Mysore and Deepak paid a good- be replaced by two fleet carriers, and will visit to Male, Maldives. During the visit these carriers were to be protected against the warships had professional interactions enemy surface ships for which cruisers with the Maldives National Defence Force to were considered essential”. further enhance close co-operation between The first perspective plan for the expan- the two forces. Rear Admiral Ravneet Singh, sion and modernisation accordingly pro- the FOC Commanding was posed that the “Royal IN starts its naval embarked on Vikramaditya during the visit. aviation by acquisition of two light fleet car- Above two overseas deployments indeed riers which are smaller vessels with half the Undocking of IAC (Vikrant) at Cochin Shipyard have left behind footprints of power pro- complement of aircraft, in the first instance. jection in no uncertain terms. These two light fleet carriers would be given Sea Kings were first inducted in 1970s, the and back was designated as her last opera- up when the first two fleet carriers are modern Sea King Mk 42B helicopters with tional deployment. It is now confirmed Awaiting Rechristened Vikrant acquired”.Thus during the 10-year acquisi- anti-submarine and ship strike capability that she would be decommissioned in On June 10, 2015 the first indigenously- tion plan, the IN proposed to acquire two were inducted in the late 1980s. The IL 38 June 2016. By the time the White Ensign is built aircraft carrier IAC-1, Vikrant was light fleet carriers, which were later to be MR and ASW aircraft were acquired from hauled down for one last time, INS Viraat floated at a simple ceremony at Cochin replaced by four fleet carriers and a total Soviet Union, soon to be followed with TU would have set an unprecedented record of Shipyard Limited (CSL). Post its launch the of 280 aircraft (16 squadrons of 16 aircraft 142M long-range maritime reconnaissance being the oldest aircraft carrier in service ship is currently undergoing major out- each and two Fleet Requirement Units with aircraft also during this decade. Dornier anywhere in the world. By the end of June fitting work and a series of fitment and 24 aircraft), out of which one light fleet car- 228 maritime patrol aircraft was acquired in 2016, the ship would have completed 56 machinery trials, basin trials, extensive sea rier and 154 aircraft (32 fighter aircraft, 16 the early 1990s, as replacement for French years and seven months in commission. trials, etc. The IAC-I features a STOBAR strike aircraft, 24 second-line aircraft and Alizes ASW aircraft. Islander, MR aircraft, configuration with a ski jump. The deck 82 training aircraft) were to be acquired the Chetak light utility helicopter which still Vikramaditya Arrives is designed to enable aircraft such as the during the first phase by 1954. The second serves the Navy in SAR and anti-submarine Originally built as Baku and commissioned MiG-29K to operate. It will deploy up to 30 light fleet carrier was to be acquired in 1956, attack roles, the Kiran jet trainer, Sea King in 1987, the carrier served the Soviet and fixed-wing aircraft, primarily the MiG-29K the four fleet carriers in 1958, 1960, 1962 Mk 42 C commando carrier helicopter, later the Russian navies, as Admiral Gor- and the indigenous naval variant of Tejas and 1963 and another 134 aircraft between Kamov 25 and Kamov 28 ASW helicopter, shkov before being decommissioned in Mark 2, besides carrying 10 Kamov Ka-31 1955 and 1963. were inducted in a phased manner. 1996 as she was too expensive to operate. or helicopters. The Vikrant was India’s only carrier for over Admiral Gorshkov was purchased by India Ka-31 will fulfil the airborne early warning The First Aircraft Carrier 20 years. Owing to her poor material state on January 20, 2004, after several years of (AEW) role and the Sea King will provide INS Vikrant, a majestic class aircraft car- she was out of action in real terms since negotiations at a final price of $2.35 billion. ASW capability. rier and former HMS Hercules, was com- the early 1990s. Despite several major She was commissioned on November 16, Vikrant will be powered by four General missioned on March 4, 1961, merely seven overhauls, extensive refits and refurbish- 2013, at a ceremony held at Severodvinsk, Electric LM2500 gas turbines on two shafts, years after the end of first phase of the ments, she was operationally deployed in a Russia. On June 14, 2014, Prime Minis- generating over 80 MW of power. The gear- plan. Vikrant heralded a paradigm shift fairly restricted manner. ter, Narendra Modi formally inducted INS boxes for the carriers were designed and in naval warfare by aerial strike capability Vikramaditya into the Indian Navy and supplied by Elecon Engineering. The suc- added to the then infant IN. Indeed, a major Vikrant-to-Viraat dedicated her to the nation. cessful completion of the 40,000-tonne air- milestone had been crossed. Since then the By mid-1980s a debate on retirement of the The deal also included the purchase of craft carrier will put India in the elite group Fleet Air Arm has grown steadily to emerge sole aircraft carrier was gaining credence, 12 single-seat Mikoyan MiG-29K ‘Fulcrum- of four nations — the US, Russia, UK and as a critical force multiplier. In the entire simultaneously it was also considered pru- D’ and four dual-seat MiG-29KUB aircraft — capable of designing and con- spectrum of naval warfare, viz. surveil- dent to keep alive the expertise, art and (with an option for 14 more aircraft) at structing aircraft carriers. lance and reconnaissance, identification skills of operating aircraft carriers to attain $1 billion, six Kamov Ka-31 ‘Helix’ recon- While the credit for the basic design or engagement, a potent and capable naval blue water capabilities for the IN. Accord- naissance and anti-submarine helicopters, of Vikrant rests squarely with the Indian air arm, significantly remains a powerful ingly, INS Viraat, a Centaur class aircraft torpedo tubes, missile systems and guns. Navy’s own Directorate of Naval Design, instrument of blue water capability. How- carrier, formerly known as HMS Hermes, Facilities and procedures for training pilots its conversion into detailed shipbuilding ever, after phase one the ambitious aircraft was acquired off-the-shelf from UK and and technical staff, delivery of simulators, design was undertaken by the design team carriers acquisition plan was consigned to commissioned on May 12, 1987. Viraat was spare parts, and establishment mainte- of CSL. The ship has a length of over 260 the cold storage. modified with a 14º ski jump to operate nance of facilities were also part of the con- metres and breadth of 60 metres and as Two decades later, the 1980s witnessed the Sea Harrier, a reinforced , tract. The upgrade involved stripping all per present indications is expected to be the wide ranging acquisition of naval avia- and 1.2 inches (3 cm) of armour over the the weaponry and missile launcher tubes commissioned in 2017. tion assets. The Sea Harrier, fighter, recon- magazines and machinery spaces. A fully from the ship’s forecastle to make way naissance and strike aircraft, was acquired operational Viraat could embark up to 26 for a short take-off but arrested recovery Vishal Ahoy! as a replacement for the Sea Hawks, to combat aircraft. However, considering her (STOBAR) configuration, transforming the IAC-2, to be christened as INS Vishal in due beef up the carrier-borne fighter and strike age and mounting cost of refurbishment Gorshkov from a hybrid missile cruiser to course, will be the second carrier of the capability. With the acquisition of guided and maintenance, decommissioning her a potent and modernised aircraft carrier. Vikrant class. During mid-2015 the letter of missile destroyers of Rajput class, Kamov has been under discussion for quite some On January 21, 2016, INS Vikramaditya, request outlining the broad specifications of 25 helicopters were inducted to provide times. The ship’s latest deployment from made its maiden overseas visit to Colombo, IAC-2 had been issued to all global aircraft vital anti-submarine and ship strike capa- Mumbai to Visakhapatnam to participate capital of Sri Lanka, marking the first visit

www.spsnavalforces.com bility. While anti-submarine warfare (ASW) in the International Fleet Review (IFR) 2016 by an Indian naval ship to Sri Lanka in 30 Continued on Page 13...

6 1/2016 RELENTLESS JOURNEY OF anniversary EXCELLENCE SINCE 1964 SP’s Naval Forces A Decade of Service to the Nation n Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) brought an end to the Indian sea power. So after about 1400 years of dominating the seas, for about 700-800 years r Jayant Baranwal, Publisher and Edi- Indian maritime power had no significant presence. That tor-in-Chief of SP Guide Publications had period coincides with foreign powers dominating us. already launched Aviation in 1998 and Land I think and hope that we are now going to rejuvenate Forces in February 2004. He now wanted to Indian maritime power and hopeful that in the next 5-10 complete the triad by starting the publish- years, India will become one of the outstanding maritime Ming of a magazine for the Indian Navy. He thus met the powers. It is thus a very appropriate and timely occasion then CNS Admiral and apprised him of his you have chosen to launch this new Journal. Mr Baranwal plans. The CNS offered full support for the endeavour. It has been bringing up the topic with me from time to time must be mentioned here that publishing of defence related and I must confess that I was a bit doubtful and differed magazines is a difficult niche market and needs immense with him on two issues. Firstly I said that will the Journal courage and vision to dab in it. Mr Jayant Baranwal pressed of this nature be able to sustain itself? Secondly I asked on and finally the first issue was released by Admiral Arun him whether Naval Forces was an appropriate title or Prakash during January 2006. Admiral Arun Prakash, Chief of the Naval Staff, released the would it be better to call it Maritime Forces but on both inaugural issue of SP’s Naval Forces on January 12, 2006 these issues he had no doubt. He is quite a resolute person SP’s Naval Forces released by CNS between the guests which provided them an opportunity to and went ahead with what he wanted to do. I am certain SP Guide Publications launched SP’s Naval Forces on interact with Indian Naval Chief. that in times to come, he will be proven right and I will be January 12, 2006, when Admiral Arun Prakash, Chief of proven wrong. the Naval Staff, India, released the inaugural issue at an CNS Speaks at the occasion At this juncture I must also compliment him as I have impressive ceremony at the United Services Institute, New I think Indians generally believe that India is a continental gone through his publications over the years and I think Delhi, in the presence of a large number of senior officers power, has always been so but if you go back in history you that they have come a very long way and today all of them from defence, industry and diplomatic corps. will find that there was a period of about more than 1000 are of international quality in content, production and get Welcoming the distinguished gathering Mr Jayant years upto 1300 AD, when India was a maritime power. We up. This is a tribute to his energy and devotion, and some- Baranwal, briefly highlighted the endeavours of the pub- were engaged in trade and commerce very actively in the thing we can feel proud of. So in conclusion may I once lishing house during the last four decades in bringing out Arabian Sea and on the east coast there was a succession of again felicitate you Mr Baranwal, it is a day of great signifi- defence publications focused on each service. He particu- dynasties like the Pandavas, Mauryas, Cholas and Srivijyas cance not only for you and your company but also for us larly thanked Admiral Arun Prakash for his gracious pres- who were not engaged in invading the neighbourhood but in the Navy. It will give us a forum to project issues and ence on the occasion and for all the encouragement and transporting Indian culture and religion from India to the focus on maritime India. I also hope that the name will not support that was received from staff of Naval Headquarters, whole of South East Asia. The Srivijyas dynasty lasted for be restrictive to navy as the word ‘maritime’ encompasses New Delhi in making release of this publication a reality.The many years and was brought down by another dynasty i.e. a whole universe of maritime issues like merchant navy, ceremonial release was followed by an interactive session the Cholas. After that the influx of the Moghuls and Arabs ports and ships. SP

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1/2016 7  coast guard Indian Coast Guard – Modernisation

With target set to triple its surface fleet strength and nearly doubling its Air Wing inventory, the Indian Coast Guard is well poised for a quantum jump in its coastal security prowess

n Rear Admiral Sushil Ramsay (Retd) In Service: 93 Ships is being augmented to protect the nation from threats emanating from the sea. CG was formally established on Ship Class Type Origin Displacement In Service Two more hovercrafts will be joining August 18, 1978, as an armed force Sankalp class Advanced offshore patrol India 2300 tonnes 2 the Okha station. ACV H-187 is the seventh of the Union by the Coast Guard Act, vessel hovercraft and first in the class of 12 hov- 1978. It operates under the Depart- ercrafts to be supplied by UK-based Griffon Samar class Advanced offshore patrol India 2005 tonnes 5 ment of Defence of the Union Min- vessel Hoverwork Ltd, a pioneer in the machine, Iistry of Defence. The Coast Guard works which was conceived 40 years ago. in close cooperation with the Indian Navy, Vishwast class Offshore patrol vessel India 1800 tonnes 2 Department of Fisheries, Department of Vikram class Offshore patrol vessel 1220 tonnes 9 Air Wing of ICG Revenue (Customs) and the Central and Samudra class Pollution control vessel India 3300 tonnes 3 The need for a full fledged Air wing for ICG State police forces. The Coast Guard is the (PCV) was felt right from the time of its incep- principal agency for enforcement of provi- tion. The first ICG aviation unit to be com- Jijabai class Inshore patrol vessels 200 tonnes 13 sions of all national enactment in force in missioned was 800 Sqn on May 22, 1982 the Maritime Zones of India (MZI) and pro- Vadyar class Interceptor craft 2.4 tonnes 8 with two Chetak helicopters at Goa. vides following services to the nation and Bristol class Interceptor craft 5.5 tonnes 4 The first fixed-wing squadron of Indian marine community. Coast Guard was commissioned with two Interceptor boat India 32 tonnes 12 zz Ensuring safety and protection of the Fokker Friendship (F-27) aircraft on July artificial islands, offshore installations Fast patrol vessel 215 tonnes 15 30, 1983. These aircraft were taken on dry and other structure in India’s maritime Extra fast patrol vessel India 270 tonnes 7 lease from Indian Airlines. These aircraft zones. (XFPV) did a yeomen service to ICG through their zz Providing protection to fishermen and tireless operation from Dum Dum Airport Seaward defence boat 203 tonnes 2 assistance to them at sea while in dis- in maritime surveillance and search and tress. Inshore patrol craft South Korea 32 tonnes 5 rescue roles covering the entire Exclusive zz Preservation and protection of mari- Air cushion vehicle UK N.A. 6 Economic Zone. time environment including prevention (Hovercraft) The first planned induction included 12 and control of maritime pollution. fixed-wing aircraft for coastal surveillance zz Assistance to the Department of Cus- Under Construction/Order: 80 Ships and six single engine helicopters to sup- tom and other authorities in anti-smug- port ships at sea. gling operations. Sankalp class Advanced offshore India 2230 tonnes 1 being built The first Dornier squadron was com- patrol vessel zz Enforcement of MZI Acts. missioned as 750 SQN (ICG) at Daman in zz Initiating measures for the safety of life Vishwast class Offshore patrol vessel India 1800 tonnes 1 on order Jan 1987. and property at sea. Samudra class Pollution control India 3300 tonnes 2 being built The first full-fledged air station was The following additional responsi- vessel (PCV) commissioned at Daman on October 29, bilities have been entrusted to the Indian 1987. Since then the following air squad- Rani Abbakka Class Inshore patrol vessel India 275 tonnes 2 being built + Coast Guard: 6 on order rons/flights have been inducted into the zz Coordinating authority for taking mea- service and are located as shown below: sures to address oil pollution response Interceptor boat India 75 tonnes 1 being built + 5 on order in the maritime zones of India. The Fixed-Wing Squadrons Director General ICG is the Chairman of ABG fast interceptor crafts Interceptor boat India 75 tonnes 9 built+ 2 on 750 Sqn (ICG) daman the National Oil Spill Disaster Contin- order 700 Sqn (ICG) Kolkata gency Plan preparedness meeting. Air cushion vehicle UK 30 tonnes 7 +11 on order 744 Sqn (ICG) zz The authority for coordinating mari- (Hovercraft) 745 Sqn (ICG) time search and rescue in the Indian (Hydrofoils) UK N.A. 12 on order 747 Sqn (ICG) search and rescue region. The Chair- Dornier Flight Porbander L&T fast interceptor crafts Interceptor boat India 36 on order man of the National Maritime Search and Rescue Board. Cochin fast patrol vessels Fast patrol vessels India 20 on order Rotary-Wing Squadrons zz The Chairman of the Offshore Secu- (FPV) 800 Sqn (ICG) goa rity Coordination Committee and 841 Sqn (ICG) daman regular meetings are conducted at the Aircraft Origin Type Quantity Remarks 842 Sqn (ICG) Mumbai national level to identify threats to HAL, Dhruv India Utility helicopter, 9 848 Sqn (ICG) chennai offshore installations such as internal attack helicopter CTK Flt Port Blair sabotage, terrorist attacks, hijacking of HAL, Chetak India, France Utility helicopter 18 Manufactured under platforms, drill ships, jack up rig, blow licence by HAL Advanced Light Helicopter outs, fire hazards, etc. 850 Sqn (ICG) Porbander Dornier Do 228 India, France Maritime 24 18 built by HAL zz The authority responsible for coastal The Air wing inventory of the ICG is as surveillance & security in territorial waters. search & rescue follows: zz Nominated as the Lead Intelligence Accordingly, the Indian Coast Guard Agency for the country’s coastal/ sea has floated a global tender worth over borders—for the purpose of generat- platforms that are already under con- would have 83 ships and seven aircraft $200 million to procure 16 light utility ing, coordinating and sharing the intel- struction in Indian shipyards and is in inducted and also establish a regional helicopters to be deployed on its ships to ligence with the agencies concerned the process of signing contracts for build- Headquarters North East at Kolkata. In the augment aerial patrol and surveillance, as including the Central Government. ing another 200 platforms; as per official recent past, regional Headquarters North- also the search and rescue capabilities. It After the 2008 Mumbai attacks, the reports of MoD. West was established at Gandhinagar and is now reported that acquisition of light Indian Government initiated a programme At present, the coast guard has 44 ships, district Headquarters at Kavaratti. utility helicopters will follow the ‘Make in to expand the ICG force, assets and infra- six hovercraft, 28 Dornier coastal surveil- In pursuance of its modernisation plans India’ route. structure. The force is expected to be tri- lance aircraft, four twin-engine Dhruv Griffon 8000TD, a hovercraft built in UK For upgrading the surveillance capa- pled by the end of the second decade of the advanced light helicopters, 20 Chetak and having a top speed of 50 knots and bilities, 12 Dornier aircraft from HAL were century in terms of manpower, vessels and single-engine helicopters and 24 intercep- armed with a remote operated machine planned for induction in the Eleventh Five aircraft inventories. tor boats in its surface and air fleet. About gun, was commissioned as ICG ACV H-187 Year Plan at a cost of $320 million, of 50 per cent of the surface platforms have at Okha. Accordingly, surface and air assets which four have been inducted already. In Modernisation Plan already exceeded their designated life. are being acquired for strengthening the addition, the Coast Guard has issued fresh With target set to triple its surface fleet Presently, 155 ships are under con- newly created Coast Guard stations and the RFI for procuring six multi mission mari- strength by the turn of this decade, ICG struction at various shipyards in India. In Headquarters, proportionate infrastructure time patrol aircraft. The present status of

SP www.spsnavalforces.com has placed orders for 131 surveillance the next couple of years, the Coast Guard is being developed and trained manpower the project is not known.

8 1/2016 RELENTLESS JOURNEY OF marketing feature EXCELLENCE SINCE 1964 Comprehensive Coastal Defense Solution from Vympel Shipyard

(Top, left) Pr.12418 missile boat; (right) Pr.12150 ; (Above, left) Pr. 14310 patrol boat; (right) Pr. 19910 light survey vessel

any states consider the intercept almost any maritime target. Man- the state border, patrol, ensure navigation ted with most advanced combat informa- problems of coastal defense, gust is fast skimming boat with “deep-V” safety, combat piracy and to participate in tion management systems. In addition, all territorial waters and exclu- hull form made of aluminum-magnesium rescue operations. To do this, the missile of them possess large upgrading potentials. sive economic zones control alloy can achieve its maximum speed of boat has all the necessary capabilities. Its Vympel is interested to participate as one of the top priorities 53 knots and is irreplaceable for solving maximum speed is 40 knots, range 2300 in upgrade programs of regional Navies Mand a primary mission for their navies. tasks falling within the scope of duties km, and endurance 10 days. Its armament employing both the whole range of produc- This is the reason why experts forecast of maritime police, customs and during system includes 16 Uran-E anti-ship mis- tion and technical capacities and a huge steady demand in the global market for lit- search-and-rescue operations. The proj- siles receiving target designation from shipbuilding experience which Shipyard has toral ships, in particular patrol boats and ect is a universal platform which can be the Garpun-B radar system, the Igla MAN- gained within more than 85 years history. SP small displacement ships. used for diverse modifications of the boat PADS on special launcher, a 76mm AK-176 Russian shipbuilding enterprises are according the customer’s request. Man- gun mount, and two small-caliber AK-630 traditional leaders in the littoral ships gust was upgraded that had resulted in close-in AA artillery systems. segment. significant improvement of her combat, Vympel is also involved in manufacture Russia’s expertise in medium and small tactical, seaworthy and technical char- of survey boats - Large Inshore Survey boat displacement shipbuilding is focused in the acteristics and habitability. Upgraded project 19920E (320t displacement) and city of Rybinsk at Vympel Shipyard which Mangust can in fact be considered as a Light Survey Vessel project 19910E (995t produces ships and boats both for national cost-effective replacement for boats with displacement). Naval Forces and Coast Guard, as well for larger displacement as is equal with them The boats are intended to perform foreign navies. As a result of constantly in characteristics but cheaper. To engage inshore surveying, buoy laying and main- increasing demands that challenge a naval surface, aerial and coastal lightly-armored tenance works; maintain, inspect, perform ship - including difficult service conditions targets patrol boat is equipped with the recharging and repair of coastal and float- as well as the necessity to withstand hos- 12.7-mm universal remotely controlled ing navigational facilities; deliver person- tile naval forces VYMPEL is involved in the combat module. nel, special-purpose equipment and cargo process of adoption of new projects and Mirazh patrol boat project 14310 is a onto unprepared shore. The survey equip- in the modernization of those which are fast skimming boat featuring an aluminum- ment of the boats comprises of multi-beam already well known by customers. magnesium alloy hard-chine hull. Featuring echo sounder with data acquisition/pro- The main projects of this type being displacement of 120 boat has speed cessing equipment, sounding depth finder, produced by Vympel Shipyard JSC are the of up to 50 knots and range of 1500 miles. survey profilograph, roll parameter mea- project 12150 Mangust and the project Vympel shipyard also offers Molniya surement system, sound-in-water velocity 14310 Mirazh boats being successfully missile boat project 12418. The present- meter, self-contained returnable hydrologi- operated by the Russian Border Guards. day Molniya missile boat is intended to cal probe, automated mareograph. Both Thanks to the employment of specialized destroy detachments of enemy combat- of these vessels are also provided with a devices such as the Arneson-type drives ant boats and ships, amphibious units and full range communication and navigational with partially submerged propellers and convoys; provide screening protection for equipment. sets of automatically controlled bottom ASW forces, amphibious units, convoys; The above mentioned ships fully cor- interceptors, these boats possess high conduct tactical reconnaissance, and pro- respond to latest trends in shipbuilding, For more information please visit our site speed, maneuverability and seaworthi- vide surveillance of the surface situation. and can enhance combat capabilities of any www.vympel-r.ru or contact us by e-mail ness characteristics which enable them to In peacetime, the boat is used to protect country’s navy by many times. They are fit- [email protected]

1/2016 9  technology EMALS – An Electrifying Launch System

The EMALS system is a multi-megawatt electric power system involving generators, energy storage, power conversion, a 1,00,000 hp electric motor, and an advanced technology closed loop control system

Photographs: US Navy n Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) motor in real time in which launch speeds cater for a wider range of aircraft types and ollowing systems are cur- weights as compared to steam catapults. rently being used for aircraft take The smoother acceleration for launch may off and landing on aircraft carriers: extend the lifetime of the aircraft. Catapult-assisted take-off but arrested-recovery (CATOBAR). Energy Storage FThis system is meant for large, heavy and The required energy for a launch is drawn heavily armed aircraft. At present US, from the energy storage devices during each France and Brazil use this system. There two- to three-second launch. The energy are many means to power the catapult like storage devices are recharged from ship’s air pressure, hydraulic and steam power. At power between launches. EMALS can launch present the use of electro-magnetic means every 45 seconds. Each three-second launch to power the system is under development. can consume as much as 100 million watts Short take-off but arrested-recovery of electricity, about as much as a small town (STOBAR). This system is limited for use uses in the same amount of time. Such a with lighter fixed-wing aircraft with more system may use an acre of equipment but limited payloads. At present Russia, China, as per lab engineer Mike Doyle, “due to ship- and India use this system. board space limitations, we have to take Short take-off vertical-landing that and fit it into a shoebox.” (STOVL). This system can be used for STOVL aircraft like the Harrier Jump Jet Energy Distribution System family and Yak-38. At present it is in use This system delivers the energy from the with India and . power conversion system to the launch motor. The ground-based EMALS catapult Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System tests have launched EA-18G Growlers, F/A- (EMALS) 18 Super Hornets, C-2 Greyhound planes Steam powered catapults have many limi- and E2D Advanced Hawkeyes, among tations. Being very large systems, they others. In fact, EMALS has even launched require large manpower to operate and an F-35 Joint Strike Fighter at Lakehurst. maintain. They are reaching a plateau in The first ship borne EMALS system has power generation as such will not cope up been under construction for several years with the future heavier aircraft. Steam cat- aboard the USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78), the apult launch has an adverse effect on the first in class of the new carriers expected to life of the aircraft as it is not smooth. The be delivered to the Navy in 2016. weight of the aircraft dictates the amount of steam to be used but once the launch starts Advanced Arresting Gear (AAG) programme there is no way to fine-tune the quantity of General Atomics was awarded this contract steam. Excess of steam will rip off the nose in 2003 to supply US Navy aircraft carriers wheel landing gear which is attached to the with an electric motor-based system that catapult. Too little steam will not provide will replace the current MK 7 hydraulic sys- adequate speed for take- off. Considering tem for aircraft deceleration during recov- some of these limitations, EMALS is under ery operations. AAG allows arrestment of a (Top) An E-2D Advanced Hawkeye launches successfully using the electromagnetic aircraft launch system development by General Atomics for the broader range of aircraft, reduces manning (EMALS); (Above) An F/A-18E Super Hornet prepares to launch during a test of the EMALS US Navy’s latest aircraft carriers, contract and maintenance, provides higher reliability, award of the Program Definition and Risk and safety margins. It replaces the mechani- Reduction phase was given in 1999. West- which is sandwiched between the two Prime Power Interface cal hydraulic ram with rotary engines using inghouse had developed almost similar sys- beams and can slide back and forth along This system provides the interconnect simple, proven energy-absorbing water tur- tem in 1946 but which was not deployed. their lengths. Each beam is made up of doz- with the ship’s electrical distribution sys- bines coupled to a large induction motor, The EMALS system is a multi-megawatt ens of segments. Along the two beams is tem and delivers power to drive the energy providing fine control of the arresting electric power system involving generators, the wiring sealed in a housing which turns storage generators. forces. AAG has many advantages over the energy storage, power conversion, a 1,00,000 the beams into an electromagnetic force to current recovery systems as it is fully com- hp electric motor, and an advanced technol- propel the carriage. When the beams are Launch Motor patible with Nimitz class and Ford class ogy closed loop control system with built selectively switched on and off, they gener- This has been developed in a linear induc- carriers, has renewed service life margins, in performance monitoring. It is planned ate an attractive magnetic force at the car- tion motor configuration which is compact self-diagnosis and maintenance alerts and to replace the current steam catapult being riage’s leading edge and a repulsive mag- and modular which is integrated with the reduced manning and total ownership cost. used on all US aircraft carriers. The Gerald netic force at its rear. Only the segments flight-deck structure that converts electri- R. Ford is designated to be the first carrier to around the moving carriage are energised, cal current into the electromagnetic forces Indian Perspective use EMALS. The advantages as given out by creating the effect of a magnetic field which to accelerate the aircraft for launching. The During his visit to US in December, Defence General Atomics are: while moving through the twin stationary motor is designed to withstand the con- Minister Manohar Parrikar and Secretary zz Reduced manning workload beams, propels the carriage. The carriage ditions existing on the flight-deck as well Ashton Carter commended positive dis- zz Reduced thermal signature and the aircraft are connected through the during launch operations. Power cussions at the Joint Working Group on zz Increased launch availability nose wheel landing gear and employs the Aircraft Carrier Technology Cooperation zz Reduced topside weight same hardware as used by the current sys- Power Conversion Electronics (JWGACTC), especially in the area of Air- zz Reduced installed volume tem. After the system is switched on, the The power conversion electronics derive craft Launch and Recovery Equipment zz Launch capability for UAVs aircraft is pushed and pulled electromag- power from the energy stored and convert (ALRE), and look forward to continued netically down the catapult until airborne. this power to a travelling wave of energy progress to be achieved at the second meet- Basic Concept The carriage releases the aircraft at about of the appropriate voltage and current to ing of the JWGACTC in February 2016 in EMALS is based on larger linear induction 200 miles (320 km) and comes to a stop drive the carriage for launch. India. It is reported that INS Vikrant, which motors. The system works with the help of in only 20feet (about 6 m) due to reversing is currently under construction at Cochin, two 300-foot-long stationary beams, or sta- the electromagnetic field which is also used Launch Control will have a catapult launch system instead tors which are spaced a couple of inches to bring the carriage to the starting point The EMALS uses a state-of-the-art system of a ski-jump. India thus may be interested

SP www.spsnavalforces.com apart; a 20-foot-long carriage or shuttle for another launch. Major subsystems are: to control the current into the launch in EMALS and AAG.

10 1/2016 RELENTLESS JOURNEY OF foreign relations EXCELLENCE SINCE 1964 Indo-Israel Defence Co-operation – Naval Perspective

The military business between the two nations has flourished to multi-billion dollar enterprise, giving rise to not just wide ranging acquisitions but several successful state-of-the-art joint ventures on munitions, military hardware, core systems, etc

Photographs: IAI n Rear Admiral Sushil Ramsay (Retd) IAI - RAMTA A prominent manufacturer of naval related ilateral relations between products, RAMTA Division is a supplier of India and Israel in the key facets patrol crafts such as the Super Dvora MK of economic, military, and strate- III Patrol Craft. With a length of 27 meters, gic domain have witnessed signif- and weighing 70 , the Super Dvora MK icant development, both in quan- III is an advanced multi-mission fast patrol Btitative and qualitative terms. As a result of craft, capable of supporting a variety of the growing bilateral relations between the sensor and weapons suites, and carrying two countries over the past two decades, out littoral and deep water missions such India has emerged as the largest buyer as search and rescue missions, surveil- of Israeli military hardware, equipment lance, complex activities in cooperation and consequently Israel has leapfrogged to with additional ground, air and naval sys- being the second-largest defence supplier tems, in addition to offering protection to India after Russia. The military business against a wide range of potential threats. between the two nations has flourished Ramta’s core competency includes the to multi-billion dollar enterprise, giving following: rise to not just wide ranging acquisitions zz Maritime (multi mission patrol and but several successful state-of-the-art joint interdiction craft) ventures on munitions, military hardware, zz Ground Systems (light armoured vehi- core systems, etc. Military and strategic cles, armoured platforms, anti-mag- ties between the two nations now extend to netic mines systems, robotic systems) intelligence sharing on terrorist groups and zz Metallic and composite Aero structures joint military training which are considered (build-to-spec, build-to-print) key elements of strategic partnership. As of 2014, India is the third-largest Elbit Systems Asian trade partner of Israel, and tenth- Elbit Systems Ltd. is an Israel-based interna- largest trade partner overall. In 2014, tional defence Electronics Company engaged bilateral trade, excluding military sales, in a wide range of programmes throughout stood at US$4.52 billion. As of 2015, the the world. Elbit Systems is therefore well two nations were negotiating an extensive positioned to meet the challenge, with over bilateral free trade agreement, focusing on three decades of experience in design and areas such as information technology, bio- development of high performance naval sys- technology, agriculture, etc. tems. Moreover, decades of expertise in the The litmus test of the growing strate- areas of radar, navigation, communications, gic relationship between the two countries command & control, electronic warfare (EW), was when Israel at the most crucial times Dvora electronic support measures (ESM) and elec- supplied weapons and ammunition which tronic intelligence (ELINT) have resulted in enabled India in winning the Kargil War the ability to offer comprehensive solutions, against Pakistan in 1999. Israel also pro- delivery of long-range anti-missile defence as for reconnaissance missions at sea. From systems integration, services and long term vided humanitarian relief to India. Follow- system for Indian naval ships. The joint 2000 onwards, India has acquired Searcher support for naval customers. Elbit System’s ing a devastating earthquake in 2001, Israel development project was announced in II and Heron UAVs designed by IAI. Israeli combat experience is expressed in a broad sent an IDF emergency response delegation 2005 with original delivery schedule was in aerospace firms are once again leading the range of systems including shipboard com- to India for two weeks to provide humani- 2012. IAI successfully test fired IAI-DRDO fray for India’s upcoming tender for the bat management systems assuring infor- tarian relief and treatment for the victims. joint venture Barak 8 anti-missile defence acquisition of 95 UAVs. At least two Israeli mation dominance over potential enemies, In November 2002, the head of Israel’s system for the Indian Navy(IN) on November firms, including Innocon, Blue Bird Aero supporting a Common Tactical Picture, space research programme, Colonel Avi 10, 2014. Since then Barak 8 MR-SAM has systems and Elbit Systems have expressed shortening decision cycles and executing Hareven, and the head of the Indian Space been successfully installed of several front- their interest in offering their UAVs for IN rapid, accurate weapon engagement. Its sub- Research Organization (ISRO), Dr K. Kas- line ships of the IN, including aircraft carrier and Air Force. A requirement of ship-based marine ELINT systems detect and recognize turirangan, signed an agreement on space INS Vikramaditya. Simultaneously, Barak-NG, rotary UAVs is under active consideration threats under dense electromagnetic con- cooperation between the two countries. Long Range SAM has also been successfully to provide integral surveillance and recon- ditions.These systems are installed on the The key to the growing India-Israel ties, test fired and now being inducted on board naissance capability to the surface ships at Israel Navy’s Dolphin class submarines and however, is in the realm of security and newly commissioned INS Kolkata. This devel- extended ranges at sea. are also installed on submarines of several defence. Israel has sold radar and surveil- opment fulfils the long standing aspiration With a thrust to provide further boost other navies worldwide. Elbit Systems are lance systems as well as electronic compo- of the IN to equip its frontline ships with LR- to the indigenous capability to develop the prime integrator in turnkey naval plat- nents for military aircraft and has helped SAM as the standard AMD outfit. UAVs and the Unmanned Combat Aerial form upgrades which include full systems India defence itself through training in The IN presently has a squadron of Vehicles (UCAV) there are plans for DRDO integration and technology transfer. The counterterrorism methods. Also in 2011, Searcher Mark II and Heron. These are sponsored three Rustom UCAVs and one Company has decades of expertise in naval India placed orders for four advanced Israeli located at Kochi and . Plans are ground station for $60 million with 12 C4I, radar, weapon systems, navigation, Phalcon AWACS planes (airborne warning afoot to induct additional squadrons for more to come; 10 MALE Rustoms at a cost and EW, to equip customers with and control systems) which are capable of deployment in southern peninsula and of $225 million; four Pawan mini UAVs for advanced, cost-effective combat suites to detecting hostile aircraft, cruise missiles the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. All of $33.2 million; 50 air- and ship-launched meet the missions ahead. and other incoming aerial threat far before these Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are Nirbhay UAVs; three rotary UAVs at a cost The Company also focuses on the ground-based . In July 2014, a repeat deployed for surveillance and reconnais- of $232 million; unspecified numbers of upgrading of existing military platforms, order for additional two AWACS was placed sance missions from respective base ports. Netra micro UAVs for $50,000 per unit; and developing new technologies for defence, on Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). The IN has been increasing the use of UAVs Gagan tactical UAVs at a cost of $55 million India expressed deep interest in the and drones for coastal surveillance, as well with help from Israel. Continued on Page 13...

1/2016 11  fleet review International Fleet Review – Instrument of Power Projection

“IFR 2016 while showcasing the prowess of the Indian Navy has brought together navies from across the globe here on Indian shores, signifying our common desire to use the seas to promote peace, cooperation and friendship, as also to develop partnerships for a secure maritime future.” Pranab Mukherjee, President of India

Photograph: Indian Navy n Rear Admiral Sushil Ramsay (Retd) International Maritime Conference The International Maritime Conference aval Fleet Reviews are a with theme “Partnering Together for a long-standing tradition of the Secure Maritime Future” was held on Feb- navies, the world over. Histori- ruary 7-8, 2016. Admiral D.K. Joshi (Retd), cally, such events were held to Chairman, NMF, launched the Conference showcase the naval prepared- with his opening remarks. Thereafter, the Nness as a prelude to war or a demonstra- theme address was delivered by Admiral tion of maritime warfighting capabilities Dhowan. Manohar Parrikar, delivered the to deter potential adversaries. This per- keynote address at the conference. spective on naval reviews, however, has Session I: “Importance of Ocean and changed substantially in the recent times Navies in Global Geo-Strategic Matrix” was and the offshoot of the traditional naval moderated by Admiral Madhvendra Singh reviews has given birth to what has come (Retd), former CNS. Lt General Dan Leaf to be known as the International Fleet (Retd), USA spoke on “The Importance of Review (IFR). IFRs have come to stay as a Oceans and Navies in Geo-Strategic Mix”. congregation of warships of the friendly Second speaker was Professor Ye Hailin, foreign navies and host navy to demon- China who spoke on “South China Sea strate solidarity, mutual trust and coopera- Disputes: Perceptions and Misperceptions tion to safeguard the global commons. among the Players”. This was followed by a While for the past several decades, the presentation on “No Way But ‘Hi’ Way!” by Indian Navy (IN) has deputed its warships to Anup Singh (Retd), IN. Rear participate in IFR organised by several mari- Passage Exercise (PASSEX) Admiral Antoine Beaussant, France, made time nations, the first of its own indigenous a presentation on “Maritime Security and avatar was IFR 2001 held at Mumbai. Before to the power projection. Along the way, the for making this Fleet Review a truly historic Navies: The Future Challenges in the Indian that the Indian variant of naval reviews was President also witnessed demonstrations in success. For me personally, witnessing the Ocean”. A presentation on “Towards a New designated as the President’s Fleet Review the form of breathtaking fly-past by Naval harmony among the best of International Maritime Strategy for Medium Powers: (PFR), with its first edition held in 1953. Since Air Arm and a daring display by the elite Navies here has been a rewarding experi- Defining the Challenges for the Medium then 10 PFRs have been organised and its Marine Commandos. The fly-past comprised ence. Today it is our pleasure to welcome Power Navy” by Rear Admiral James Gold- last edition was held in 2011 again at Mum- 15 formations of 45 aircraft including two 50 foreign Navies from every corner of the rick (Retd), Australia and this was followed bai. IFR 2016 is the eleventh edition of Fleet formations from the ICG. It also showcased globe at India’s second International Fleet by a presentation on “Maritime Coopera- Reviews and the second edition of IFR held at the latest acquisitions of the IN such as MiG- review — the first one on India’s East Coast. tion and Building Bridges between Mari- Visakhapatnam. 29K, long range MR aircraft P-8I and AEW Your participation is a message of coopera- time Neighbours and Partners” by Profes- helicopter Kamov-31. tion and friendship that we deeply cherish. sor Renfrew Christie, South Africa. President’s Review On behalf of my countrymen, I thank you Session II: “Regional Perceptions and The President of India, Pranab Mukher- Presidential Address all for accepting our invitation and joining Approaches for Maritime Cooperative jee reviewed the fleet of warships of IN Speaking on the occasion, the President in this event with such spirit. The oceans Engagement” was moderated by Ambas- and the participating foreign navies in the said that the IFR 2016 while showcas- and world’s waterways are global commons. sador K.V. Bhagirath, Secretary General, Visakhapatnam harbour on February 6, ing the prowess of the IN, has brought Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam — the concept Indian Ocean Rim Association. The first 2016. IFR 2016 displayed in the world- together navies from across the globe of whole world as a family — is perhaps presentation on “Japan’s Security Role view, the IN’s capabilities, discipline, valued here on Indian shores, signifying our com- most vividly witnessed on the oceans of the in the Indo-Pacific Region” was made by principles of friendship across the oceans, mon desire to use the seas to promote planet that connect us all. We take pride in Professor Eiichi Katahara, Japan. This was mutual trust and commitment to safeguard peace, cooperation and friendship, as the fact that of all the IN ships participating followed by a presentation on “Globalisa- the maritime heritage of mankind. Appro- also to develop partnerships for a secure in this Fleet Review, at least 37 are ‘Made in tion, International Liberalism and the Mari- priately then, the IFR logo depicted the three maritime future. Presence of foreign coun- India’ — a number that will surely rise in the time Cooperation Nexus” by Rear Admi- operating dimensions of the IN, with a ship, tries in such large numbers has made this coming years. An important part of India’s ral Raja Menon (Retd), IN. Next subject of submarine and an aircraft, as also the letters international event spectacular and truly transformation is my vision of ‘Blue Econ- presentation was “Cooperative Maritime I-F-R formed an integral part of the logo. The reflects the spirit of this IFR; we are indeed omy’ in its widest sense. The Blue Chakra Engagement in the Indo-Pacific Region” by Dolphin was chosen as the mascot depicting ‘United through Oceans’. The President – or the wheel – in our national flag, repre- Professor Geoffrey Till, UK. First Admiral friendship across oceans and the theme for said that the navies of the world have a sents the potential of the Blue Economy. An Amarullah Octavian, Indonesia, spoke on the IFR 2016 was ‘United through Oceans’. unique role in promoting goodwill, nurtur- essential part of this pursuit is the develop- “Indonesian Approach and Perspective After a 21-gun salute and ceremonial ing peace and tranquillity of the oceans. ment of India’s coastal and island territo- on Asia’s Regional Maritime Cooperative guard of honour, the President embarked Ships and personnel participating at this ries: but, not just for tourism”. Engagements” and the last speaker, Profes- INS sumitra, an indigenously built naval off- momentous Fleet Review are ambassa- sor Ataur Rahman, Bangladesh, spoke on shore patrol vessel, designated as the ‘Presi- dors of great nations that they represent. IFR Events “Building Partnerships in the : dential Yacht’. The President was received by My special compliments to the IN, espe- IFR activities were kick-started by the Chief Opportunities and Challenges”. the Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Defence cially the , for the Minister of Andhra Pradesh, N. Chandrababu Vice Admiral , delivered the Minister Manohar Parrikar and Chief of Naval meticulous planning and flawless conduct Naidu paying homage to the martyrs of the valedictory address which brought curtains Staff Admiral R.K. Dhowan. The President’s of today’s splendid Fleet Review. An event War Memorial on February 4, 2016. Admiral down on the conference and was followed Yacht weaved through the 70 ships lined of such magnitude could be organised R.K. Dhowan, FOC-in-C, Eastern Naval Com- by the closing remarks and a vote of thanks up on parade in Visakhapatnam harbour. A only by the involvement and support of mand, Vice Admiral Satish Soni and Com- by Dr Vijay Sakhuja, Director, NMF. spectacular fly-past was conducted as a part the people. May I thank and congratulate manding Officers of visiting foreign naval of the static review of the Fleet. Towards the the Government of Andhra Pradesh and all ships laid wreaths at this War Memorial as a Passage Exercise final stage of the review, a mobile column of citizens of Visakhapatnam for their coop- mark of respect to fallen heroes. On conclusion of IFR 2016, in a first of such warships and submarines carried out high eration. The Maritime Exhibition on the theme kind of spectacle, in the Indian Ocean, 54 speed steam past alongside the Presidential “Innovation, Youth and Indigenisation” Indian and foreign warships which partici- yacht. Prime Minister’s Address was inaugurated on February 4, 2016, at pated in IFR, sailed out of Visakhapatnam In addition to 65 IN warships and three A colourful City Parade in which the partici- AU Engineering College grounds. harbour in two Carrier Battle Groups com- IN submarines, the Review also included 24 pating navies along with few naval bands of A grand opening ceremony for the prising of 27 warships each to participate foreign ships, two ships from the Indian foreign navies, IN troops, sea corps, International Fleet Review 2016 was held at in the Passage Exercise (PASSEX). It is an Coast Guard (ICG) and three from Mercantile veterans, etc. took part. Prime Minister Nar- Command Stadium, INS Satavahana on Feb- age-old tradition that visiting foreign navy Marine. Several enthralling waterfront activi- endra Modi, who presided over the function, ruary 5, 2016. E.S.L. Narasimhan, Governor warships are escorted out to the open seas ties by sail boats, water skiing display and said, “My profuse thanks to the men and of Andhra Pradesh, was the chief guest and for homeward passage on completion of

SP www.spsnavalforces.com helicopter demonstrations added fervour women of the IN for their tireless dedication graced the occasion as the guest of honour. the goodwill visits.

12 1/2016 RELENTLESS JOURNEY OF Continued... EXCELLENCE SINCE 1964

Future Weapon Technologies...continued from page 4 extended range and long range category. directional errors or gravitational effects. bubbles that are created in the wake of the Appointments The calibre selected is 127mm for the naval The energy can also be adjusted depending target ship. The Signal Processor Unit is zz Vice Admiral , Flag Offi- version. Projected ranges for the unguided on the target and storage is not a problem the brain of the torpedo and is completely cer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern version is up to 70 km, while the range of on board a warship. microprocessor based. Adding to the com- Naval Command, has taken over as the guided version is expected to be of up High Power Microwave Weapons plexity is that it is wire guided. Raytheon’s Flag officer Commanding-in-Chief, to 100 km when fired by the 127/54 calibre (HPMW). HPMW consist of basically two MK 48 Mod 6 Advanced Technology is a . gun and of 120 km when fired by the new major technologies. First are the millime- heavyweight torpedo designed for optimum zz Vice Admiral H.C.S. Bisht, Director 127/64 calibre light weight gun. tre wave devices which can be focused on effectiveness against all targets, in both lit- General Coast Guard, has assumed Railgun. The electro-magnetic (EM) Rail- a target at great distances and produce a toral and deep-water environments. In the command as the Flag Officer Com- gun uses high-power EM energy instead burning sensation. An example of this is lightweight category torpedoes is Raythe- manding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval of explosive chemical propellants to fire a the Active Denial System. The second is the on’s MK 54 that can be deployed from a sur- Command. projectile farther and faster than any cur- electromagnetic bomb, which can destroy face ship, helicopter or fixed-wing aircraft rent gun. Rail guns can achieve a MV of electronic circuitry, communications net- to track. It can classify and attack underwa- zz Vice Admiral , Deputy Mach 7-10. Such a high degree of MV makes works, and harm organic matter at a dis- ter targets. It uses sophisticated processing Chief of projectiles fired from a Railgun more pen- tance, with a non-nuclear electromagnetic algorithms to analyse the information, edit (Operations), has been appointed as etrating against hard targets and achieve a explosion (pulse). out false targets or countermeasures, and Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, much longer range of about 160 km. BAE Laser Weapons. Lasers consist of two then pursue identified threats. Black Shark . Systems has received a contract for design basic groups, i.e. low and high energy. Low- is an advance, long-range, multi-purpose, zz Vice Admiral B.K. Verma, Chief of and production of the 32 Mega Joules (MJ) energy lasers can be used to disrupt vision heavyweight torpedo designed and devel- Staff, Eastern Naval Command, has Laboratory Launcher for the US Navy. Gen- and high-powered lasers can be used on oped by WASS in cooperation with the Ital- taken over as the -in- eral Atomics is developing a Railgun called people and material. High-energy lasers are ian Navy. The wire-guided heavyweight tor- Chief, Andaman & Nicobar Command. the Blitzer System on its own. EM Railgun already under advanced stages of develop- pedo can be deployed to defend any surface zz Vice Admiral P. Ajith Kumar, Com- comes under the category of kinetic energy ment in the , China, Russia or underwater targets and can be launched mandant Indian , has weapons and is a cost effective option as and Israel. US Navy is pursuing laser weap- from submarines, surface vessels or land. been appointed as Deputy Chief of compared to land attack missiles when a ons very vigoursly to be deployed on naval Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Sys- Integrated Defence Staff (Operations). large amount of firepower/bombardment surface ships as CIWS for providing effec- tem. Roketsan of Turkey has produced one is required. Kinetic energy weapons are also tive defence against anti-ship missiles. of the most modern ASW systems which has zz Vice Admiral Atul K. Jain, Controller comparatively safe and can be stored in properties like automatic direction capabil- Personnel Services, has been trans- larger numbers on warships. Underwater Weapons ity; fragmentation at the desired distance ferred as the Chief of Staff, Eastern Torpedoes, rockets and mines are the com- and depth and insensitive munition (such a Naval Command. Soft-kill Weapons mon underwater weapons. Out of these munition is chemically stable to withstand zz Vice Admiral G.S. Pabby, Director Directed Energy Weapons (DEWs). A DEW torpedoes are the most complex underwa- mechanical shocks, fire and when hit by a General, Naval Projects, Mumbai, has is a system which employs direct energy to ter weapons. shrapnel but that can still destroy the tar- been appointed as Controller of War- damage or destroy adversary equipment, Torpedoes. Torpedoes have a large get. It can be integrated with other weapon ship Production & Acquisition. facilities, and personnel. The two basic types number of high-tech subassemblies like management systems and has a time fuze. It zz Rear Admiral Vinay Badhwar has of DEWs include lasers and microwaves propulsion system; batteries; homing sys- is used from surface platforms against sub- been appointed as the Officiating which are both part of the electromagnetic tem for terminal guidance which includes surface platforms at a range between 500 Chief Hydrographer. spectrum and are made of the same electro- homing head and a signal processing unit; and 2000 m and a depth of 15 – 300 m. Its zz Mukul Asthana on pro- launching system is stabilised, automatic magnetic energy which consists of light and gyro and control systems, and proximity motion to the rank of Rear Admiral pointing and lock – in with Sonar Data. radio waves. DEW can be defined in terms fuse. The propulsion can be by a thermal has been appointed as Director Gen- Mines. Mine design has advanced sig- of wavelength or frequency. The basic rela- engine or electrical. Homing head of most eral Project Varsha. tion between the two is that higher the fre- modern torpedoes have acoustic sensors. nificantly in the last two decades with the quency, shorter will be the wavelength and The homing head should also have acous- introduction of smart processor based zz Commodore Mohit Gupta on promo- vice versa. Thus the light waves can thus tic counter countermeasure features to intelligent mines. Development of the tion to the rank of Rear Admiral has vary from a fraction of an atom in size to overcome countermeasures taken by the lightweight/portable mines that can be been appointed as Assistant Chief of thousands of km long. DEWs operate at the target such as jammers and decoys. A wake launched from air to counter underwater Naval Staff (Submarines). speed of light, and hence are immune to the homing torpedo detects and homes on to threats is also underway. SP zz Commodore S. Mahindru on promo- tion to the rank of Rear Admiral has been appointed as Flag Officer, Sub- marines. A Roller-Coaster Journey...continued from page 6 zz Commodore A.V. Bhave on promo- tion to the rank of Rear Admiral has carrier shipbuilders. These include Rus- EMALS technology promises to bestow sev- During the recently concluded second been appointed as Chief Staff Offi- sia’s Rosoboronexport, the United States’ eral advantages to give Vishal an edge over meeting of JWGACTC from February 15 to cer, SFC Headquarters. Lockheed Martin, France’s DCNS, and the the other emerging systems in this sphere. 18, 2016, the US delegation has visited Shore zz Commodore R. Pendharkar INS ’s BAE Systems. The Naval In furtherance of US-India coopera- Based Test Facility at Goa, , Viraat on promotion to the rank of Design Bureau has defined Vishal to displace tion in the strategic field, a Joint Working Bengaluru, and the Cochin Shipyard Ltd. to Rear Admiral has been appointed 65,000 tonnes, i.e. 25,000 tonnes more than Group on Aircraft Carrier Technology Co- assess the indigenous capabilities of build- as Assistant Chief of Integrated IAC-1, Vikrant and to steam at 30 knots. operation (JWGACTC) has been established ing and integrating various naval weapons Defence Staff (Intelligence-A). The specifications outline the IAC-2 to carry under the auspices of the Indo-US Defence and sensors, capabilities of the shipbuilding an air wing of 30 to 35 fixed-wing combat Trade and Technology Initiative. The yard with walk around of IAC-1. zz Commodore J.S. Sekhon on promo- aircraft and 20 rotary-wing aircraft. With forum’s charter encompasses meaningful tion to the rank of Rear Admiral has the modernised Vikramaditya going strong dialogue and interaction on advanced air- Conclusion been appointed as Judge Advocate for operational service over the next three craft carrier technology, including nuclear Commissioning of Vikrant will bring the General (Navy). decades, addition of Vikrant and Vishal will propulsion and EMALS to pave way for journey of the Indian aircraft carriers on to a zz Commodore K.M. Deshmukh on pro- significantly contribute to IN’s aspirations of top of the line technology intensive IAC-2. steady course and it will be a unique feather motion to the rank of Rear Admiral operating two carrier battle groups at any The CATOBAR capability is being earnestly in the IN’s Design Bureau’s hat. The DG of has been appointed as Assistant given point on India’s either Coasts. pursued to ensure faster, fail-safe and effi- Naval Design’s roll of honour will be com- Chief of Material (D&R). The letter of request specifies a catapult cient sorties generation rates of the future plete with indigenous designs of all types of zz Commodore V. Mohandass on promo- launched but arrested recovery (CATOBAR) aircraft carriers. In addition to operational major warships. India’s entry into the elite tion to the rank of Rear Admiral has system. Feasibility is being assessed for benefits, EMALS promises to reduce the global group of aircraft carrier designers and been appointed as Additional Director CATOBAR system to incorporate General airframe stress of CATOBAR launches for builders as its exclusive fifth member will General Quality Assurance (Navy). Dynamics’ new electromagnetic aircraft carrier-based aircraft, thus reducing main- mark an unenviable milestone to cross for zz Commodore D.S. Chauhan on pro- launch system (EMALS) technology. Evolving tenance costs over a period of time. the contemporary entrants in the field. SP motion to the rank of Rear Admiral has been appointed as Commandant College of Defence Management, Indo-Israel Defence...continued from page 11 Hyderabad. zz Commodore Sanjay Misraon promo- homeland security and commercial avia- Tata Power Company Limited managed to ects in the fields of high-endurance and tion to the rank of Rear Admiral has tion applications and providing a range of resolve these issues. rotary UAVs, submarine-launched cruise been appointed as Additional Direc- support services, including training and missiles, anti-ballistic missile systems, tor General Strategic Systems Quality simulation systems. Conclusion network-centric operation, micro-satellite Assurance Group. In 2006, India sought Israeli expertise With each successive Government recog- surveillance systems, advanced preci- Indian Coast Guard in the production of key surveillance sys- nising the need for augmenting the grow- sion-guided munitions, third-generation zz Rajendra Singh has taken over Direc- tems. India’s DRDO faced technical diffi- ing bilateral defence co-operation between night-vision devices, etc. With successful tor General of Indian Coast Guard culties with the Divya Drishti surveillance India and Israel, the modernisation pro- culmination of the high-end technology (DGICG) from February 26. He is the project. However, Elbit Systems, in collabo- grammes of the have projects, several new vistas of greater first officer to take over as DG who ration with the DRDO’s Hyderabad-based gained in substantial terms. The coop- bilateral defence co-operation between is from the ICG cadre. The other DGs Defence Electronics Research Laboratory, eration has leapfrogged many levels with the two countries could be expected on have been from the Indian Navy. SP the Electronic Corporation of India, and increasing focus on joint Rand D proj- long term perspective. SP

1/2016 13  news

Publisher and Editor-in-Chief News in Brief Jayant Baranwal Assistant Group Editor R. Chandrakanth Senior Editorial Adviser R. Adm S.K. Ramsay (Retd) K-4 Missile being tested and Threat Alert Radar for detection, demonstrations to the National Coast Senior Technical Group Editor It has been reported in the media that tracking and guidance of the missile. The Guard of Mauritius. Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) India is all set to test-fire its longest range firing trial of the LR SAM has been jointly Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) secret undersea missile, code named K-4, carried out by the Indian Navy, DRDO and Annual Refit Conference and Contributing Editor which is capable of delivering nuclear war- Israel Aerospace Industries. Infrastructure Review Meeting Lt General V.K. Kapoor (Retd) head at 3,500 km away. The test is planned The Indian Navy’s Annual Refit Conference Contributors to be conducted from a submerged plat- Commissioning of INS Kadmat (ARC) and Annual Infrastructure Review India form in the Bay of Bengal during March. (AIR) Meeting concluded on March 15 at Admiral Arun Prakash (Retd) This test would be conducted from a Headquarters, Eastern Naval Command. R. Adm Raja Menon (Retd) submerged pontoon, replica of a subma- The two-day conference was chaired by Cmde C.P. Srivastava rine, positioned nearly 30 feet deep in the Vice Admiral A.V. Subhedar, Chief of Mate- Cmde Sujeet Samaddar (Retd) Cmde A.J. Singh (Retd) sea. The Defence Research and Develop- rial, and attended by all the stakehold- ment Organisation has developed the mis- ers representing the Naval Headquarters, Europe Alan Peaford, Doug Richardson, sile. While the missile’s first test was for a three Naval Commands, the Tri-Services Andrew Brookes (UK) range of 3,000 km, this time the scientists Command at Port Blair, Dockyards, Repair USA & Canada are reportedly trying for its full opera- Yards and Material Organisations of the Lon Nordeen (USA) tional range of 3,500 km. Navy. Addressing the participants of the Anil R. Pustam (West Indies) conference, Vice Admiral H.C.S. Bisht, West Asia/Africa Launch of Yard 2097 INS Kadmatt, second ship of Project 28 FOC-in-C Eastern Naval Command appre- H.R. Heitman (S. Africa) (P28) class anti-submarine warfare (ASW) ciated the role of Naval Dockyards and Chairman & Managing Director corvettes, was commissioned into the Repair Yards in maintaining and refitting Jayant Baranwal Indian Navy by the Chief of Naval Staff at the ships and submarines of navy. Executive Vice President a glittering ceremony held at Naval Dock- (Planning & Business Development) yard, Visakhapatnam on January 7, 2015. China’s second aircraft carrier Rohit Goel The event marks the formal induction into China is operating Liaoning, its first air- Administration & Circulation Bharti Sharma the Navy of the second of the four ASW cor- craft carrier, for training as well as tech- [email protected] vettes, indigenously designed by the Indian nology risk reduction and validation, but Creative Director Navy’s in-house organisation, Directorate the second carrier it is now building at Anoop Kamath of Naval Design and constructed by Garden Dalian, Liaoning province, will be focused Design Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited, on military missions and capabilities. Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht The sixth ship of Landing Craft Utility Kolkata. Addressing the gathering Admi- Senior Zhang Junshe with the Research Assistant: Graphics (LCU) MK IV project, was launched on ral R.K. Dhowan, Chief of the Naval Staff, People’s Liberation Army Naval Military Survi Massey March 12, 2016, at an impressive cer- said that “commissioning of INS Kadmatt Studies Research Institute said that China Sales & Marketing emony at Garden Reach Shipbuilders and marks yet another milestone in our journey urgently needs a second carrier, as the Director Sales & Marketing: Neetu Dhulia Engineers Ltd, Kolkata. In accordance with towards self-reliance and ‘Make-in-India’”. country is seeking to improve its defence General Manager: Rajeev Chugh the traditions, invocations from Atharva The earlier Kadmatt was also an ASW cor- systems to better safeguard its national SP’s Website Veda were recited and Smt Seema Verma, vette, acquired in 1968 from the erstwhile interests. Actually it needs at least three Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra P. Ashish wife of Vice Admiral Bimal Kumar Verma, Soviet Union, distinguished herself in the aircraft carriers — one can be on duty, Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma AVSM, Commander-in-Chief, Andaman & 24 years of service to the nation. INS Kad- one can train personnel and the third Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal on behalf Nicobar Command, applied ‘Kumkum’ on matt is named after one of the large islands can be under maintenance. The new car- of SP Guide Publications Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may the ship’s stem. She, thereafter, named the amongst the Lakshadweep group of Islands rier has been designed in China and will be reproduced, stored in a retrieval ship as ‘LCU-L56’, wished the ship good off the west coast of India. have a displacement of 50,000 tonnes, a system, or transmitted in any form or by any luck and launched the vessel. Rear Admi- conventional power system, and will carry means, photocopying, recording, electronic, ral A.K. Verma (Retd), VSM, Chairman & ADM Scott Swift, Commander US domestically developed J-15 fighter jets or otherwise without the prior written Managing Director, GRSE Ltd, commenced Pacific Fleet visits India and other ship-borne aircraft. The ship permission of the publishers. the proceedings with a formal welcome. will use a ski-jump mode for launching Printed in India by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd fixed-wing aircraft. He said China will con- Successful LR SAM firing by IN sider developing a nuclear-powered air- © SP Guide Publications, 2016 The Indian Navy (IN) has successfully car- craft carrier after it gains enough experi- Subscription/ Circulation ` ried out the maiden firing of its newly ence in operating such large vessels. Annual Inland: 600 • Overseas: US$180 E-mail: [email protected] developed long-range surface-to-air- [email protected] missile (LR SAM). The firing was under- New Floating Dock for Chinese Letters to the Editor taken on the Western Seaboard by INS Navy [email protected] Kolkata, wherein the missile successfully China’s new floating dock can repair ships For Advertising Details, Contact: intercepted an aerial target at extended Admiral Scott Swift, Commander, Pacific displacing up to 30,000 tonnes anywhere [email protected] ranges. Apart from the missile, the system Fleet, visited India from January 7-9, 2016. it is required, freeing the PLA Navy from [email protected] includes a Multi Functional Surveillance His visit consolidated the growing defence the need to use fixed dockyards. It is SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD relations between India and US and also China’s first self-propelled floating dock POSTAL ADDRESS to explore new avenues for naval coopera- Huachuan-1and has successfully repaired Corporate Office tion. Admiral Scott Swift held bilateral dis- warships in a mock war zone, expanding A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, >> SHOW CALENDAR cussions with CNS Admiral R.K. Dhowan. the navy’s warship repair scope far from New Delhi 110003, India Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, 24620130 He also interacted with the Deputy Chief of the coast, according to military sources. Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 Naval Staff and members of the Naval Mar- While traditional floating drydocks lack a 28–31 March Regd Office Defexpo India 2016 itime Foundation. The Indian and the US propelling system and have to be dragged Fax: +91 (11) 23622942 Naqueri Quitol, Quepem Taluka, South Navies cooperate with each other in terms slowly to its destination, Huachuan-1 is E-mail: [email protected] Goa, India of technical training, anti-piracy patrols, equipped with a dual-engine system and Representative Offices https://defexpoindia.in Navy to Navy staff talks, bilateral exercises designed to sail open sea areas by itself. BENGALURU, INDIA such as MALABAR, as well as interact at Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) 29–31 March various multilateral forums like RIMPAC. Global submarine construction 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kalyan Nagar, DIMDEX 2016 Bengaluru 560043, India. Qatar National Convention Centre, forecast Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 As per Forecast International, there is a Doha, Qatar INS Tabar visits Mauritius MOSCOW, RUSSIA www.dimdex.com INS Tabar, a stealth of the Indian slow but steady increase in the planned LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin Navy, entered Port Louis, Mauritius, on submarine construction rate combined Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., 16–18 May March 10 and remained there till March with the average hull life of a submarine 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. Sea-Air-Space (Navy League) 13, 2016. The primary aim of the visit was which suggests that the current produc- Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, Gaylord National Convention Center, Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 Maryland, USA to participate in the Mauritius National tion plans will sustain a fleet of roughly Day celebrations on March 12 and to 235 SSKs, 114 SSNs, and 44 SSBNs, for a www.spguidepublications.com www.seaairspace.org www.spsnavalforces.com strengthen the existing bonds of friend- total of 393 submarines. This is still less 24–25 May ship between the two nations. On the than the current worldwide fleet of around RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25836 Naval Combat Systems 2016 occasion of the National Day, the ship 430 hulls, but the differential has shrunk London, UK www.navalcombatsystemsevent.com fielded a marching contingent in addi- steadily over the last decade. At the turn tion to fly-past by Chetak helicopter and of the millennium, the number of subma- 1–3 June performance by the Indian Naval Band. In rines planned was barely sufficient to sup- UDT - Undersea Defence Technology addition to the National Day celebrations, port a force of 300 submarines, implying Norges Varemesse, Oslo, Norway instructors from the ship also imparted that the world operational submarine fleet www.udt-global.com SP www.spsnavalforces.com harbour training through lectures and was likely to contract sharply.

14 1/2016 “In a country like India with limited support from the industry and market, initiating 50 years ago (in 1964) publishing magazines relating to Army, Navy and Aviation sectors without any interruption is a commendable job on the part of SP Guide“ Publications. By this, SP Guide Publications has established the fact that continuing quality work in any field would result in success.”

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