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Sri Lanka's North Ii: Rebuilding Under the Military
SRI LANKA’S NORTH II: REBUILDING UNDER THE MILITARY Asia Report N°220 – 16 March 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. LIMITED PROGRESS, DANGEROUS TRENDS ........................................................ 2 A. RECONSTRUCTION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................... 3 B. RESETTLEMENT: DIFFICULT LIVES FOR RETURNEES .................................................................... 4 1. Funding shortage .......................................................................................................................... 6 2. Housing shortage ......................................................................................................................... 7 3. Lack of jobs, livelihoods and economic opportunities ................................................................. 8 4. Poverty and food insecurity ....................................................................................................... 10 5. Lack of psychological support and trauma counselling ............................................................. 11 6. The PTF and limitations on the work of humanitarian agencies .............................................. 12 III. LAND, RESOURCES AND THE MILITARISATION OF NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................... -
Urban Transport System Development Project for Colombo Metropolitan Region and Suburbs
DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS URBAN TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORTS AUGUST 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY EI ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. JR 14-142 DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS URBAN TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORTS AUGUST 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS Technical Report No. 1 Analysis of Current Public Transport AUGUST 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS Technical Report No. 1 Analysis on Current Public Transport TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Railways ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 History of Railways in Sri Lanka .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Railway Lines in Western Province .............................................................................................. 5 1.3 Train Operation ............................................................................................................................ -
The Term Level Crossing (Also Called a Railroad Crossing, Road Through Railroad, Train Crossing Or Grade Crossing) Is a Crossing
CHAPTER 3 DATA COLLECTION 3.1 Railway Network in Sri Lanka Data obtained from SLR related to the rail network is summarized and illustrated in table given below. Table 3.1 Summary of existing Rail Network Rail Line Length No s . Protected Level Km Crossings Main line 291(Colombo-Badulla) 67 Puttalam line 120(Ragama-Puttalam) 152 KV line 59(Colombo- 69 Avissawella) Matale line 34(Kandy – Matale) 11 Coast line 160 (Colombo- Matara) 189 Trincoalee line 70(Galoya – 23 Trincomalee) Batticaloa line 212(Mahawa- Baticaloa) 34 Nothern line 184(Polgahawela- 78 Vavuniya) Total 623 Source: Sri Lanka Railways. Note: Number of level crossings in above table includes only the controlled crossings. 3.1.1 The systems adopted for data collection The data collection in this research involved field visits, surveys, interviews, collecting data from SLR sources, literature reviews etc. Under field visits around 125 rails crossings were observed in Colombo Area, Southern Province, Upcountry Area, Trincomalee District and photographs were taken at locations contributed for delay as well as in good sections (very few). Special attention was given on main line as it involves multi tracks in most of the locations. Evaluation of parameters influencing delay at level crossings. Page 24 of 62 In addition to the photographs, all the important points / issues related to delay and safety such as surface defects, visibility problem, alignment related issues were noted down in each locations. Random interviews were made with road users, residents of surrounding areas, gate keepers, rail passengers and officials of SLR whenever required. In collecting data especially on approaches (to address alignment related issues) to the crossings in order to ensure the starting delay of vehicles just after the rail gate is open (after the gate closer for rail passing) was also noted down. -
THE HILL COUNTRY © Lonelyplanetpublications the Hill Country Country Hill the 160 and Climbs,Refreshing Andhistoricsites
© Lonely Planet Publications 160 www.lonelyplanet.com THE HILL COUNTRY •• Colombo to Kandy 161 0 20 km THE HILL COUNTRY 0 12 miles Elkaduwa A10 Knuckles Range A6 Pinnewala A9 (1863m) To Batticoloa The Hill Country Elephant Wattegama (100km) Orphanage Rambukkana Madugoda Mahiyangana A19 Kandy Hunasgiriya Utuwankandu A26 A6 Victoria- Victoria Randenigala Kegalle Sanctuary A1 Kadugannawa Uduwela Reservoir Mawanella ὈὈRandenigala Reservoir The Hill Country lives in a cool, perpetual spring, away from the often enervating heat Cadjugama Bible Rock Galaha (798m) A5 Pasyala Ganga and heavy air of the coastal regions or the hot dry air of the central and northern plains. Henerathgoda Pasgama Botanic Gardens Tourism Everything here is green and lush, and much of the region is carpeted with the glowing Village A21 Pussellawa A1 Ramboda Kothmale Gampaha green of the tea plantations, with montane forest hugging the higher slopes. Gampola MahaweliReservoir Pidurutalagala To (Mt Pedro) Dunhinda Monaragala; Ramboda (2524m) Ragalla Falls Arugam Bay; Kitulgala FallsὈὈ Gal Oya Although Sinhalese culture was born in the north of Sri Lanka, following the decline of A7 Ganga A7 Badulla National To Colombo Park (15km) iya Nuwara Eliya A5 the Polonnaruwa dynasties in the early 13th century, power shifted southwest to Kotte (near lan Nanu Oya Badulu Oya Avissawella Uma Oya Ke Hakgala Norton Bridge Colombo) and to the Hill Country. The kingdom of Kandy resisted European takeover for more A5 Hanwella Castlereigh Hatton Welimada To Colombo Reservoir than 300 years after the coastal regions first succumbed to the Portuguese in the 17th century, (15km) A4 Dickoya Totapola Ella Maussakelle A16 Maskeliya (2361m) Reservoir Bandarawela and the city of Kandy remains the Sinhalese cultural and spiritual centre. -
Environmental Assessment and Management Framework Strategic Cities Development Project (SCDP)
Environmental Assessment & Management Framework - SCDP 33333333Environmental Assessment and Management Framework Strategic Cities Development Project (SCDP) Ministry of Megapolis and Western Development January 2016 January, 2016 Page 1 Environmental Assessment & Management Framework - SCDP Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...........................................................................1 1.1 Project concept & objective ....................................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Description ..................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Objective of the Environmental Assessment and Management Framework (EAMF) ........................................................................................................................ 2 CHAPTER 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .............4 2.1 Overview of Environmental Legislation ................................................................ 4 2.2 Detail Review of Key Environmental and Urban Services Related Legislation 5 2.3 World Bank Safeguard Policies .............................................................................. 16 2.4 World Heritage Convention ................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA ............................................22 3.1 Kandy ....................................................................................................................... -
Jkpo;J; Njrpa Mtzr; Rtbfs;
Pirapaharan 2, Chapter 24: The Country Turns into a Killing Field - Sangam.org Page 1 of 6 www.tamilarangam.net Sangam.org - Ilankai Tamil Sangam Association of Tamils of Sri Lanka in the USA Active Home Page Previous Version Archive Original Version Home Page Pirapaharan, Chapter 24 by T. Sabaratnam (Volume 2) The Country Turns into Killing Field Bus Massacre I traced in Chapter 21 the events that led Pirapaharan to switch the mode of struggle from hit and run guerrilla warfare to sustained guerrilla combat and the manner in which the country slipped into the First Eelam War. The slide began with the first naval clash of 4 August 1984 and the retaliatory, savage land and sea attacks on Pirapaharan’s birthplace, Valvettithurai, and in Jaffna town. Tigers answered the attacks by the armed forces on 5 August with the Nediyakadu landmine blast that killed eight police commandos, including Assistant Police Superintendent Siri Jayesundera, and with the Oddusuddan Police Station attack in which Inspector Ganemulla and seven policemen died. The army struck back with vengeance in Jaffna, shooting at civilians and burning private buildings. The Tigers damaged an armoured vehicle by flinging hand grenades and petrol bombs on it. The public rose in revolt and blocked the movement of the army by blockading the roads. Events moved thereafter in quick succession. Police Superintendent Arthur Herath was killed in Vavuniya and the police retaliated by killing several civilians. The Chunnakam massacre of 9 August and the cold-blooded killing of ten members of a family who were travelling to attend a wedding the following night at Navatkuli estranged the Tamils further. -
Kandy Transport Improvement Program (Ktip) Final Report
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SRI LANKA STRATEGIC CITIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (SCDP) KANDY TRANSPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (KTIP) FINAL REPORT 27th May 2014 Submitted to: Ministry of Defense and Urban Development, Sri Lanka Prepared by Prof. Amal S. Kumarage University of Moratuwa UNIC0NSULTANCY SERVICES Serving the Nations through Technology Transfer in Architecture, Engineering and IT. Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... 6 Public Transport Strategy for Kandy ........................................................................................................ 7 Traffic Management Strategy for Kandy .................................................................................................. 9 Overview of Proposed actions for Public Transport and Traffic Management ...................................... 10 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Study Team ................................................................................................................................. 13 2 Transport Supply Characteristics ................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Road Network ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.2 Rail Network -
LTTE TERROR Archives
FEATURES DN From the Daily News - Part 5 CHRONOLOGY OF LTTE TERROR Archives When the euphoria of victory dies down, and together with it the media hype ceases, when the guns do not rattle and boom anymore, and the sky, the land and the sea become calm and serene, when tranquillity reigns through it is natural to live in the present moment and forget All civilians killed were Tamils the past. But one cannot live in the present without a past. Nor can one envision the future discarding the experience of the preceding events. Hence the Daily News is serialising the Chronicle of LTTE Terror taken from our own archives which would remind our readers how it all began. An awareness of the chronology of terror would help us prevent the recurrence of such Higher death toll terror and frustrate any attempts by misguided elements to repeat history to suit their evil designs. It was not simple terror. Nor was terror sporadic. It was all pre-planned, pre-determined, well-calculated terror. The victims were innocent people. Though it is too many innumerate feared in we would like to recall the major episodes in the Chronology of Terror. Yal Devi blast Twenty three soldiers and eleven civilians were Yal Devi train debacle killed in the attack on the ‘Yal Devi’ between Muru- gandi and Mankulam on Saturday night, the Defence Ministry said last night. All civilians killed were Tamils, the ministry said. The blast that Many of the soldiers were returning home to their families with their salaries, a spokesman added. -
If a Single Well Planned Assault by TELO Could Claim 27O Lives of The
SPECIAL ISSUE TELO www.tamilarangam.netNEWS ILOHBOW 25 .01 -85 EVEN DURTNG A MASSfVK ATTACK , TELO'S CONCERN' WAS SAFTY OF THE CIVILIANS - TELO If a single well planned assault by TELO could claim 27O Lives of the death squad, "GUERILLAS . ALERTED TAMIL CIVILIANS WHO WERE DUE TO BOARD THE TRAIN AT KILINOCHCHI" Nothing would - INT. HERALD TREBUNF seem impossi- Sri Lanka train toll rises to 38 Colombo - The death toll in ble if there is Saturday's arr.bissh, when Tamil separatists attacked a Colombo- bound train in the Jaffna district, rose to 38 yesterday with the recovery of four more a united effort bodies from the wreckage According to official sources. 27 soldiers and 11 civilians were killed in the incident. This was the biggest loss of life suffered by the Army since by all Libera - separatists began their cam- tion Organiza - paign in 1976. "THIS WAS THE BIGGEST LOSS OF LIFE SUFFERED BY THE jkpo; Njrpa Mtzr; Rtbfs;( SRI LANKAN ) ARMY" tions - THE TIMES r www.tamilarangam.net «P g> us rt £> u O uflnrruJ«3BTU) £, fi, 5 • eenrr U0O T&UO Ufl > '=«''. 'U>n cert &^ rr u$ ft P» «mr jkpo; Njrpa Mtzr; Rtbfs; www.tamilarangam.net jkpo; Njrpa Mtzr; Rtbfs; TELO NEWSwww.tamilarangam.net LONDON 25- 01-85 - Tamil train bombing kills 36 From Eric Silver by two or three bombs as it successes in destroying three In Colombo ~»i ,1 o<C' passed through dtMisc jungle. tj'.M-STsi'.a base-; in the Tamils' 0C4 — I A - O—• 11 o i ~ ,, - •:; •. ' i o & i •; 3 r. -
The Haputale and Bandarawela Extensions of the Ceylon Government Railway, with Notes Upon Other Railways Recently Constructed in the Colony.” by FRANCISJOHN WARING, M
272 WARING ON TIIE CEYLON GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS. [Selected SECT.11.-OTHER SELECTED PAPERS. (Paper No. 3010.) ‘I The Haputale and Bandarawela Extensions of the Ceylon Government Railway, with Notes upon other Railways Recently Constructed in the Colony.” By FRANCISJOHN WARING, M. Inst. C.E. THEobject of the present Paper is to supplement those presented to the Institution by Mr. J. R. Mosse, M. Inst. C.E., in 1880,’ and by the Author in 1887,2 by an account of the recent exten- sions to the Ceylon Government Railways, all of which are of 5 feet 6 inches gauge, with particular reference to the Haputale and Bandarawela Railways, where the magnitude of the works, entailed by the difficult country traversed, offers special points of interest. THE HAPUTALERAILWAY. This line isa further extension, about 254 miles in length, into the Province of Uva, of the Nanuoya Railway, and crosses the main dividing ridge of the island, traversing a country evenmore broken and mountainous than that through which the Nanuoya line passes. Its construction was sanctioned by the Secretary of State for the Colonies in February, 1888, and the workswere begun on the15th March, 1889; theintervening time having been occupied in engaging and sending out the staff, despatching to the Colony the necessary plant and materials, acquiring the land and other preliminaryoperations. Curves and Gradients.-Starting at Nanuoya, 5,292 feet above the sea, it rises, at the summit at Pattipola, Ilk miles distant, to analtitude of 6,224.5feet, and thence falls to 4,698 feet at Haputale. The following is a summary of the gradients :- l Minutes of Proceedings Inst. -
Journal of South Asian Logistics and Transport Volume 1 Issue 1 March 2021 JSALT 1.1.R: Pp
REVIEW Journal of South Asian Logistics and Transport Volume 1 Issue 1 March 2021 JSALT 1.1.R: pp. 115-131 COLOMBO SUBURBAN RAILWAY PROJECT: REVIEW OF THE FEASIBILITY STUDY AND PROPOSAL FOR THE WAY FORWARD Tilak Siyambalapitiya Managing Director, Resource Management Associates (Pvt) Ltd, and Former Chief Engineer (Planning), Ceylon Electricity Board, Sri Lanka 1. INTRODUCTION Upgrading the railway network for faster travel, modern rolling stock and passenger facilities is a long-felt need. The Government made a policy decision in 2015 to upgrade and electrify the network serving the suburbs of Colombo, and a project by the name “Colombo Suburban Railway Project (CSRP)” was established in 2016 under the Ministry of Transport. By way of the existing network, the logical nodes of CSRP may be identified as Colombo-Polgahawela (main line), Colombo-Kalutara South (coastal line), Colombo-Avissawella (Kelani valley line) and Ragama-Airport- Negombo (Puttalam line). The distant nodes approximately reflect the boundaries of the Western Province. CSRP published feasibility study reports in 2019 (for Kelani Valley line [1]) and in 2020, for main, coastal and Puttalam lines [2]. The reports are available in the public domain, and CSRP from time to time, invited public comments on their contents. However, there are no reports of any public comments being accommodated or revisions being made to CSRP designs. Figure 1 shows the layout of the Colombo Suburban Railway Project as it is conceptualised at present (2021) by the Ministry of Transport. CSRP defines Rambukkana (on the Main Line), Kalutara south (on the Coastal Line), Negombo (on the Puttalam Line) and Avissawella (on the KV Line) as the end nodes of the suburban railway network of Colombo. -
Performance Report - 2011
Performance Report - 2011 Department of Sri Lanka Railway Vision Provisions of a Safe, Reliable and Punctual Rail Transport Service for both Passenger and Freight Traffic Economically and Efficiently. Mission To provide a secured reliable and punctual rail transport system for passenger and goods transportation. Contents 01. Objectives 1 02. Background 1 03. Executive Summary 3 3.1 Overall Analysis 5 3.2 Performance Indicators 7 04. Financial and Physical Progress - Financial Progress – 2011 8 05. Motive Power Supply and Train Fleet 12 5.1 Motive Power Infrastructure Facilities 13 5.2 Average Daily Motive Power Supply 14 5.3 Fuel Consumption 14 06. Permanent Roads, Buildings and Bridges 15 07. Signalling and Telecommunication System 17 08. Operating Efficiency 18 09. Financial Efficiency 22 9.1 Financial Contribution 22 9.2 Railway Revenue 22 9.3 Passenger Transportation 23 9.4 Freight Transportation 23 10. Human Resources 24 11. Sri Lanka Railway German Technical Training College 25 12. Railway Protection Force 25 13. Passenger Comfort 26 14. Steps taken to improve efficiency and productivity 27 14.1 Infrastructure Facilities 27 14.2 Operations 27 15. Challenges and Problems 27 16. Ongoing Major Projects 27 01. Objectives • Increasing of rail contribution of the passenger and freight traffic. • Confirmation of security of railway operations. • Improving the quality of passenger rail transport service. • Growth of management efficiency. • Increase of rail revenue. • Development of Human Resources. Background Sri Lanka Railways engaging in passenger and freight transportation, in the year 2011 too, took maximum effort to provide an efficient, safe and comfortable service with trains running on time.