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Marek Miłkowski Przyczynek Do Poznania Chrząszczy

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Marek Miłkowski Przyczynek Do Poznania Chrząszczy Przegląd Przyrodniczy XXVIII, 1 (2017): 91-100 Marek Miłkowski PRZYCZYNEK DO POZNANIA CHRZĄSZCZY (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) PARKU ZDROJOWEGO W NAŁĘCZOWIE Contribution to the knowledge of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Health Resort Park in Nałęczów ABSTRAKT: Z parku Zdrojowego w Nałęczowie wykazano 54 gatunki chrząszczy należących do 22 rodzin. 15 taksonów dotychczas nie było podawanych z Wyżyny Lubelskiej. Scharakteryzowano mi- krosiedliska, w których występują oraz wskazano na istniejące zagrożenia. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: parki miejskie, różnorodność gatunków w miastach, wschodnia Polska, rzadkie gatunki ABSTRACT: 54 beetle species from 22 families were recorded from the Health Resort Park in Nałęczów. 15 taxa are new for the Lublin Upland. Species microhabitats and existing threats were characterised. KEY WORDS: city parks, species diversity in cities, eastern Poland, rare species Wstęp nia taksonów (Czerniakowski i Olbrycht 2014). Autorzy wskazali na potrzebę zacho- W Polsce jak dotąd pojawiło się niewiele wania starych, dziuplastych drzew będących opracowań dotyczących chrząszczy wystę- ostoją rzadkich i chronionych gatunków pujących w starych zadrzewieniach parko- bezkręgowców. Obecność starych drzew wych. Jednym z nielicznych, dobrze pozna- determinuje występowanie wielu gatunków nych obiektów jest rezerwat Las Bielański. owadów. Skalę bogactwa koleopterofauny Na stosunkowo niedużej powierzchni żyje ukazuje przykład parku im. T. Kościuszki, tu więcej rzadkich gatunków bezkręgowców położonego w centrum Radomia. W latach niż w większości zubożonych przez czło- 2015-2016, na dwóch pniach drzew ściętych wieka lasów gospodarczych (Gutowski et al. i pozostawionych do naturalnego rozkładu 2004). W ostatnich latach ukazała się praca stwierdzono występowanie kilkudziesięciu dotycząca koleopterofauny parku w Często- gatunków chrząszczy oraz innych bezkrę- chowie, skąd autor wykazał 127 gatunków gowców (Miłkowski 2016). Przykład ten chrząszczy (Klasiński 2013). W parkach dowodzi, że nawet w zadrzewieniach par- Rzeszowa stwierdzono występowanie kilku kowych w centrach miast, mogą mieć swoje cennych z przyrodniczego punktu widze- ostoje ciekawe gatunki bezkręgowców, o ile 91 Przegląd Przyrodniczy XXVIII, 1 (2017) zachowany zostanie starodrzew, a przepro- matycznie od wielu lat. Świadczą o tym po- wadzane zabiegi pielęgnacyjne nie będą zbyt jedyncze drzewa – lipy (fot. 1, 2), posiada- intensywne. jące we wnętrzu pni stalowe zbrojenia czy Chrząszcze Parku Zdrojowego w Nałę- też betonowe plomby – sposób konserwacji czowie nie były jak dotąd badane. W lite- stosowany kilkadziesiąt lat temu. Pozostałe raturze brakuje nawet fragmentarycznych drzewa, konserwowane współcześnie, mają informacji, dotyczących ich występowa- usunięty z dziupli substrat, a na powierzch- nia na terenie parku. Celem niniejszego nię oczyszczonego drewna nałożony środek opracowania jest przyczynek do poznania impregnujący. W przypadku zaciekania chrząszczy, żyjących w warunkach dobrego dziupli, woda rurkami jest odprowadzana zachowania starego drzewostanu, przy jed- na zewnątrz pnia. Dziuple konserwowane nocześnie dużej presji ze strony człowieka. w ostatnich latach zazwyczaj charakteryzują Obserwacje przeprowadzono w okresie się mniejszą wilgotnością. 21.06.-11.07.2016 r. Z uwagi na krótki okres Park Zdrojowy, ze względu na pełnioną obserwacji i stosunkowo niewielką ilość funkcję i stałą obecność w nim kuracjuszy stwierdzonych gatunków chrząszczy, wska- i turystów, jest na bieżąco pielęgnowany. zane byłoby podjęcie w przyszłości dokład- Złamane gałęzie są natychmiast usuwane, niejszych badań uzupełniających. zamierające i martwe drzewa są nieliczne Teren badań Park Zdrojowy w Nałęczowie powstał w połowie XVIII w., w miejscu gdzie w pierw- szej połowie XIV w. już istniał folwark i dwór. Inicjatorem powstania parku był Stanisław Małachowski, który w Nałęczowie rozpoczął budowę rezydencji. Budowę pałacu ukoń- czono w 1770 r., a w jej otoczeniu założono park w stylu barokowym. Wkrótce został on przekształcony w ogród w stylu angielskim. Niedługo potem powstał Park Zdrojowy. Do chwili obecnej przetrwały cenne okazy den- drologiczne. Na powierzchni ponad 20 ha zachowało się np. 1300 starych drzew (z któ- rych najstarsze mają ponad 200 lat) i 3500 młodszych (Kałamucka i Neścior 2004). Zespół pałacowo-zdrojowy wraz z par- kiem (obejmującym m.in. układ wodny oraz łąki przylegające do parku od strony zachodniej) wpisany został do rejestru za- bytków nieruchomych województwa lubel- skiego (Obwieszczenie 2016). Fot. 1. Stara, dziuplasta lipa drobnolistna Tilia cordata z betonową plombą we Starodrzew w Parku Zdrojowym charak- wnętrzu. Park Zdrojowy w Nałęczowie, teryzuje się dużą liczbą drzew dziuplastych. 22.06.2016 (fot. M. Miłkowski). Dziuple w pniach są konserwowane – więk- Photo 1. The old, hollowed small-leaved linden szość z nich poddana została zabiegom tzw. Tilia cordata with concrete filling in- chirurgii. Zabiegi te wykonywane są syste- side. Health Resort Park in Nałęczów, 22.06.2016 (photo by M. Miłkowski). 92 Miłkowski M. – Przyczynek do poznania chrząszczy (Insecta: Coleoptera) Parku Zdrojowego ... pniach kasztanowców, stosowane do walki z motylem – szrotówkiem kasztanowcowiacz- kiem Cameraria ohridella (Deschka i Dimić 1986). W dwóch przypadkach zebrano larwy znalezione w dziuplach. Przygodnie zbiera- ne były chrząszcze epigeiczne i odwiedzające kwiaty roślin zielnych, a także związane ze środowiskiem wodnym. Wykaz gatunków W przypadku taksonów stosunkowo rzadko obserwowanych bądź wykazanych z Wyżyny Lubelskiej po raz pierwszy, podano szczegółowe dane oraz krótką charaktery- stykę. Nazewnictwo przyjęto za Löbl i Sme- tana (2008). CARABIDAE Notiophilus biguttatus (Fabricius, 1779) Fot. 2. Stara, dziuplasta lipa drobnolistna Asaphidion flavipes (Linnaeus, 1761) Tilia cordata z betonową plombą we Harpalus luteicornis (Duftschmid, 1812) wnętrzu. Park Zdrojowy w Nałęczowie, Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan, 1763) 22.06.2016 (fot. M. Miłkowski). Amara familiaris (Duftschmid, 1812) Photo 2. The old, hollowed small-leaved linden Tilia cordata with concrete filling in- HISTERIDAE side. Health Resort Park in Nałęczów, 22.06.2016 (photo by M. Miłkowski). Margarinotus merdarius (Hoffmann, 1803) 26 VI 2016, 1 ex., w dziupli w pniu starej lipy drobnolistnej Tilia cordata Mill. z betonową i zwykle oddalone od alejek spacerowych. plombą we wnętrzu. Trawniki są systematycznie koszone, a opad- Gatunek prawdopodobnie występujący w łe liście grabione i usuwane. całym kraju, ale jak dotąd znany z niezbyt Według podziału zastosowanego w Kata- dużej liczby stanowisk. Chrząszcze związane logu fauny Polski omawiany obszar znajduje są z gniazdami ptaków i często spotykane w się na Wyżynie Lubelskiej (UTM: EB88). dziuplach (Burakowski et al. 1978). Nowy dla Wyżyny Lubelskiej. Materiał i metody Dendrophilus punctatus (Herbst, 1791) 1 VII, 8 VII 2016, 2 exx., w przyziemnej Podstawową metodą gromadzenia da- dziupli w pniu topoli białej Populus alba L.; nych był połów „na upatrzonego”. Poszuki- kilka exx., w dziupli w pniu dębu szypułko- wania imagines skupiły się w głównej mie- wego Quercus robur L. rze na penetrowaniu dziupli i martwic na Gnilik znany prawie z całego kraju. Spoty- pniach drzew. Prowadzone były o różnych kany w dziuplach, obecny również w gniaz- porach dnia, rzadziej również o zmierzchu. dach ptaków (Burakowski et al. 1978). Jak Przeglądane były także opaski lepowe na dotąd nie podawany z Wyżyny Lubelskiej. 93 Przegląd Przyrodniczy XXVIII, 1 (2017) StAphYLINIDAE drewnie dziupli, kłód itp., różnych gatunków Hesperus rufipennis (Gravenhorst, 1802) drzew liściastych (Burakowski et al. 1985). 8 VII 2016, 1 ex., w przyziemnej, mocno wilgotnej dziupli klonu zwyczajnego Acer ELATERIDAE platanoides L. Hemicrepidius hirtus (Herbst, 1748) Stenotopowy, rzadko spotykany kusak. Sto- 22 VI 2016, 1 ex., skraj zarośli nad rzeką. sunkowo niedawno podawany z Wyżyny Sprężyk o niedostatecznie rozpoznanym Lubelskiej przez Stańca (2006). rozsiedleniu, gdyż bywa mylony ze znacznie częściej spotykanym, pokrewnym gatun- Ocypus aeneocephalus (De Geer, 1774) kiem H. niger. Larwy rozwijają się w glebie 1 VII 2016, 1 ex., na alejce parkowej, mar- bądź w zmurszałym drewnie w wilgotnych twy. siedliskach leśnych i zaroślowych (Buchholz Rzadki gatunek związany z wilgotnymi sied- 2008). W granicach Nałęczowa – poza tere- liskami. Ostatnio podawany z Poleskiego nem opracowania, stosunkowo licznie spo- Parku Narodowego (Staniec 2010). tykany m.in. w zalesionym Wąwozie Głowa- ckiego oraz na wzgórzu Jabłuszko (obserwa- ScARABAEIDAE cje autora). Protaetia marmorata (Fabricius, 1792) Athous vittatus (Fabricius, 1792) Actenicerus sjaelandicus (Müller, 1764) DRYOPIDAE Agriotes pilosellus (Schönherr 1817) Dryops nitidulus (Heer, 1841) Adrastus pallens (Fabricius, 1792) 22 VI 2016, 1 ex., w mchu na brzegu kanału Adrastus rachifer (Geoffroy, 1785) odprowadzającego wodę z pijalni wód mine- ralnych do rzeki Bochotniczanki. LAMPYRIDAE Gatunek stosunkowo rzadki w kraju. W Phosphaenus hemipterus (Geoffroy, 1762) Polsce środkowo-wschodniej znany jedynie z Roztocza (Buczyński i Przewoźny 2006). DERMESTIDAE Nowy dla Wyżyny Lubelskiej. Trinodes hirtus (Fabricius, 1781) 22 VI 2016, 1 ex., 26 VI 2016, 1 ex., w dziupli EUCNEMIDAE w pniu starej lipy drobnolistnej T. cordata. Xylophilus corticalis (Paykull, 1800) W pajęczynie i na drewnie kilka larw. 21 VI 2016, 1 ex., 22 VI 2016, 1 ex., 30 VI Chrząszcz związany z poziomo budowany- 2016, 1 ex., w dziupli w pniu starej topoli mi sieciami pająków. Larwy odżywiają się białej P. alba.
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