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A Revision of Oncinotis Benth (Apocynaceae)

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PARTXV I AREVISIO NO FONCINOTI SBENT H (APOCYNACEAE) A.P.M.DEKRUIF Department ofPlant Taxonomy Agricultural University Wageningen, TheNetherlands Received28-1-198 5 Dateo fPublicatio n17-VI-198 5 INTRODUCTION Thispublicatio n isa monographi c revision of thegenu sOncinoti s containing sevenspecies ,si xo fwhic h are restricted tocontinenta l Africa and onet o Mada­ gascar.Th estud y isbase d mainly onherbariu m material. Inadditio n the author has had the opportunity to study living plants of five species in the wild and undercultivatio n inbotanica lgarden si n Africa. HISTORY OF THE GENUS When BENTHAM (1849) described the genus Oncinotish e based it on a single species,O. nitida. Th enam eOncinotis i sderive d from the Latin 'uncus'(i nGree k 'OVKOQ'), 'uncinatus' meaning 'shaped like a hook, hooked', referring to the curvedtail so fth eanthers . Several authors added further species, some of which were later reduced to synonomy, while others have been referred to the closely related genusBaissea. Meanwhile a few specieswer eerroneousl y described in theclosel y related genus Motandra. In 1954 PICHON revised Oncinotisan d attributed 10specie s to it, 7 of which aremaintaine d here. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION The distribution of the genus is shown on Map A. Oncinotistenuiloba i s the mostwidel ydistribute d speciesreachin gfro m Western Nigeria to Eastern South Africa, O. glabrata, O. gracilisan d O.pontyi occur in West and Central Africa. Lesswidel y distributed species are:O. nitida,limite d to acomparitivel y narrow zone along the West African coast; O.hirta, restricted to Central Africa; and O. tomentella,endemi ci n Madagascar. HABIT AND GROWTH All Oncinotisspecie s are lianas or climbing shrubs. The present author has observed the architectural model of TROLL (HALLE & OLDEMAN 1970: 125; HALLE et al 1978:242 ) in the field for five species {O.glabrata, O.gracilis, O. nitida, O. pontyi and O. tenuiloba).Th e species wind either to the right or to theleft , orar eno t twining. FLOWERING SEASONS Oncinotisspecie s flower towards the end of the dry and the beginning of the rainyseasons ,an d fruits maturei nth edr yseasons . Agric.Univ. WageningenPapers 85-2 (1985) 1 RELATIONSHIPT OOTHE RGENER A Oncinotisi sclosel yallie d toBaissea an d Motandra. These3 genera constitute the subtribe Baisseinae of the tribeIchnocarpeae. The author will return to this subjecti nhi sforthcomin g revisionof Baissea. GENUS DIAGNOSIS Oncinotis Benth. 1849:451-452;Bentha m& Hooker 1876: 718;Baillo n 1889: 210; Schumann 1895a: 179; Stapf 1902: 220-224; Stapf 1907b: 512; Pichon 1948a: 196-197; 1950: 113-114; Phillips 1951:588 ; Pichon 1954: 9-36; Codd 1963:288;Dye r 1975:468;Markgra f 1976:222-223. Fig.A ; MapA Type species: O. nitidaBenth . Homotypic synonym: O. sect. Afrotis Pichon 1948:196. Heterotypic synonym: 0\ sect. MalgotisPicho n 1948: 197.Typ e species:O. tomentellaRadlk . Climbingshrubs o rlianas; whitelate xpresent . Branches unarmed. Branchlets opposite or subopposite, terete.Stipule s none.Leaves opposite or subopposite, thoseo fa pai requal ,withou tcolleter si nth eaxils ;petiol eofte n rounded beneath and channeled above when dry, otherwise terete, glandular along the adaxial side;blad eovat et oobovat eo rnarrowl yso ,usuall yacuminate ,sometime semar - ginate (or exceptionally rounded) at the apex, cuneate or rounded at the base, entire, sometimes undulate or recurved at the margin; midrib impressed above and prominent beneath; on each side 2-25conspicuou s secondary veins,whic h arecurve d towards themargin , anastomosing, impressed abovean d prominent beneath; often in the axils of some secondary veins domatia consisting of pits, often with a ciliate margin, or of a tuft of hairs; tertiary venation sometimes conspicuous, reticulate or scalariform. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, thyr- soid,rathe rlax ,many-flowered . Bracts,an d- ifpresen t- bracteoles,deciduous , insideglabrous ,ciliate .Flower s5-merous , fragrant, actinomorphic orwit honl y unequal sepals. Sepals imbricate, connate up to 1 mm at the base, subacute to obtuse at the apex, entire outside pubescent or with a dense tomentum, inside glabrouso ronl ysparsel ypubescen tnea rth eape xan dmargin ,ciliate ,exception ­ ally inside at the base 0-3 colleters per sepal, situated at the margin. Corolla: tube outside shortly pubescent, exept the portion, covered by the sepals,insid e glabrous,excep tfo rtuft s ofstif fhairs, alternatin gwit hth estamens ;a tth emout h of thecoroll a tube with 5alternipetalou s corona scales;lobe s in bud contorted and overlapping to the right, obtuse to subacute at the apex, recurved, entire, glabrous inside, slightly ciliate. Stamensincluded , connivent into a cone;fila­ mentsabaxiall y glabrous,adaxiall y pubescent; anthers introrse, fusiform, basi- fixed, acuminate, sagittate at the base and at both tips provided with a subglo- boseincrassatio n whichi su pt o0. 1 mmi ndiameter ;cell stwo ,discrete ,parallel , dehiscent throughout by a longitudinal slit; below the fertile part inside on the 8 Agric.Univ. WageningenPapers85-2 (1985) i\k^ >:-i •'•''. r'-'y4}: •;• • r**~ • . • . • . ^ v- •.^.'^ ;.•' /' 1 V "AJV , • • w* -i*""• • • H^lZ*' I. •'*.'." * . ^": iZ.^zr. ¥\ „_J / •'" •:**? 'T ' . *^.' • • ***- **v . ' ' . .'..'•!•.. - t>^l 55^- :•" & ^i^R^yPSb*; ^rj^jjBB * • /ft\ . • & * ^1^-,'i -V •V ••!.;•;•; *n**ei~—»"^»*—*• .•.•"•.'i.'-v?.-''.^--''1;:; ••:-:.^.iS'-1''•*•••.•.::,; : "V ..I;'/ * ;. ';. • . '..v v^«s. sir -M-mfc^ •' • •••--...•• .i. FIG. A. Leaf baseswit h petiole from above (2.7 x) and domatia (27 x); thenumbe r corresponds with the species number in this revision. (1. De Kruif 663; 2. De Kruif 659; 3. Gerard 5497; 4. DeKrui f701 ; 5. DeKrui f666 ; 6. Drummond 10187;7 .Decar y5298) . Agric. Univ. WageningenPapers 85-2 (1985) c <u CQ •5 •S «-» s: O C/) 3 C o<U .c *-» «*o- c #o 3 •c *-> < s< 10 /Igr/c. £//i/v. WageningenPapers 85-2 (1985) connective a nearly oblong patch, the retinacle, 0.1-0.4 x 0.05-0.1 mm, with minute hairs along the margin, adhering to the pistil head. Pistil: ovary hemi- inferior; carpelstwo ,connat ea tth eextrem ebas eonly ,ovoid ,laterall ycompres ­ sed,entirel yo ronl yapicall ydensel ypubescent ;abruptl ynarrowe dint oth estyle , surrounded by a disk, adnate to the ovary at the base only, which iscompose d of a ring and 5lobes , alternating with the stamens; style obconical to almost cylindrical, composed of two connate strands, glabrous; pistil head glabrous, consisting of a slightly 5-winged upper and a cylindrical lower portion, to the latter ofwhic h the5 retinaclesadhere ;pisti lhea d at theape xwit h twoappendi ­ ces, united at the base, glabrous. Placentas adaxial, ovuliferous at the abaxial side only. Fruitspendulous , composed of two (sub-)equal follicles, often re­ curved or upcurved, connate at their extreme base, dehiscent along an adaxial lineo fdehiscence ,fusifor m tonarrowl ycylindrical ,a t theape xacute ,an dwhe n dry often curled, or obtuse; exocarp woody and at the outer surface smooth, sulcate,longitudinall y winged;endocar p stiff, thinly pergamentaceous, smooth inside. Seedsattache d to the adaxial side of the fruit, with at the apex a dense tuft ofsimpl ehair s(coma) ,directe d towardsth eape xo fth efruit ; grain laterally compressed, convex at one side and concave at the other, elliptic to oblong, glabrous, subacute to obtuse at the base, truncate at the apex, subundulate at themargin , with thehilu m at theape xan d witha raphedescendin g to thebase ; testa very thin; endosperm fleshy, in a thin layer completely surrounding the embryo; embryo straight; cotyledons first complicate, later unfolded, ovate to elliptic, at the base cordate, rounded or cuneate, at the apex acute, glabrous on both sides,wit h 3-10 secondary veins; rootlets terete, rounded at the apex, glabrous. Distribution:? speciesi nTropica lAfric a inclusiveo fMadagascar . Note: The sections proposed by PICHON (1948a) and later rejected by him (1954)a sartificial ,ar eals ono tmaintaine d hereb yth epresen t author. KEY TO THE SPECIES 1. Domatia absent or inconspicuous and consisting only of a tuft of hairs (see fig. A:2 an d3) ;branchlet sneve rglabrou s 2 Domatia usually present and consisting of pits with or without hairs along themargi n(se efig. A :1,4,5, 6an d7) ;branchlet shair yo rno t 3 2. Leavessparsel ycovere dwit hsimpl ean d (lessoften ) branched hairs;domati a consisting of a dense tuft of orange-brown simple bairs; petiole densely covered with simple and (less often) branched chairs, along the adaxial sidewit h 1-5 glands and near the base of the blade with at least 1,some ­ times2 pairso fgland s(se efig. A :2) ;coroll a 5.3-9.1m mlong ;lobe s 1-2.4 x aslon ga sth etube ;follicle s shortly rustybrown-pubescent . West and Central Africa 2.0.gracilis Agric. Univ. WageningenPapers 85-2 (1985) 11 Leaves very densely covered with variously branched hairs; domatia very inconspicuous and consisting ofsom eshor t simple or variously branched hairs; petiole very densely covered with variously branched hairs, along theadaxia l sidewit h 1-15 glands and near thebas e ofth eblad ewit h 1-8, mostlyonl y2 glands(se efig. A :3) ;coroll a 4.1-5.9m mlong ;lobe s0.7-1. 1 x as long as the tube; follicles covered with an up to 2.5m m thick,deci - duousdens erust ybrow no rgre ytomentum .Centra l Africa . 3.0.hirta 3. Leaveswit hinconspicuou stertiar yvenatio nbeneath ,dul lan ddistinctl ypale r than above;leafblad e obovate and often emarginate at the apex; follicles narrowlycylindrical .Wes t and Central Africa 5.O.ponty i Leaveswit h conspicuous tertiary venation beneath, glossy and only slightly palertha nabove ;follicle snarrowl ycylindrica lo rfusifor m 4 4. Secondary veins strongly curved and shaping an angle of 10-35(-40)° with themidrib ;pit swit h adens e tuft of hispid hairs along themargin ; petiole puberulous or pubescent, along the adaxial side with 2 pairs of glands, usuallyon epai rnea rth ebas eo fth eblad e(se efig.
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    UNDP-GEF East African Cross Borders Biodiversity Project CHOME FOREST RESERVE VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES LIST (1 July 2003) 1. ACANTHACEAE 1. Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson 2. Barleria ramulosa C. B. Clarke 3. Barleria volkensii Lindau 4. Blepharis ruwenzoriensis C. B. Clarke 5. Brillantaisia sp. (JAM 1261) 6. Crossandra tridentata Lindau 7. Dicliptera colorata C. B. Clarke 8. Dyschoriste subquadrangularis (Lindau) C. B. Clarke 9. Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R. Br. 10. Hypoestes triflora (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. 11. Isoglossa lactea Lindau ex Engl. 12. Isoglossa laxa Oliv. 13. Justicia capensis Thunb. 14. Justicia flava (Vahl) Vahl 15. Mellera lobulata S. Moore 16. Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet 17. Pseuderanthemum subviscosum (C. B. Clarke) Stapf 18. Rhinacanthus gracilis Klotzsch 19. Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims 20. Thunbergia gregorii S. Moore 21. Thunbergia holstii Lindau 2. AMARANTHACEAE 22. Achyranthes aspera L. var. pubescens (Moq.) C. C. Towns. var. sicula L. 23. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. 24. Amaranthus hybridus L. 25. Celosia sp. (JAM 1262, 1308) 26. Cyathula cylindrica Moq. 27. Cyathula uncinulata (Schrad.) Schinz 28. Digera sp. (JAM 1720) 3. AMARYLLIDACEAE 29. Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. subsp. multiflorus 4. ANACARDIACEAE 30. Ozoroa insignis Delile subsp. reticulata (Baker f.) J. B. Gillett 1 31. Rhus glaucescens A. Rich. 32. Rhus longipes Engl. var. elgonensis Kokwaro var. longipes 33. Rhus pyroides Burch. var. pyroides 34. Sorindeia calantha Mildbr. 35. Sorindeia madagascariensis Thouars ex DC. 5. ANNONACEAE 36. Uvaria lucida Benth. 6. ANTHERICACEAE 37. Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques 38. Chlorophytum filipendulum Baker subsp. filipendulum 39. Chlorophytum silvaticum Dammer 7. APIACEAE 40. Agrocharis incognita (C. Norman) Heyw.

  • An Annotated Checklist of the Coastal Forests of Kenya, East Africa

    A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 147: 1–191 (2020) Checklist of coastal forests of Kenya 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602 CHECKLIST http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research An annotated checklist of the coastal forests of Kenya, East Africa Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau1,2,3,4, Quentin Luke4, Mwadime Nyange4, Vincent Okelo Wanga1,2,3, Benjamin Muema Watuma1,2,3, Yuvenalis Morara Mbuni1,2,3,4, Jacinta Ndunge Munyao1,2,3, Millicent Akinyi Oulo1,2,3, Elijah Mbandi Mkala1,2,3, Solomon Kipkoech1,2,3, Malombe Itambo4, Guang-Wan Hu1,2, Qing-Feng Wang1,2 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Gar- den, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China 2 Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SA- JOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4 East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, Kenya Corresponding author: Guang-Wan Hu ([email protected]) Academic editor: P. Herendeen | Received 23 December 2019 | Accepted 17 March 2020 | Published 12 May 2020 Citation: Ngumbau VM, Luke Q, Nyange M, Wanga VO, Watuma BM, Mbuni YuM, Munyao JN, Oulo MA, Mkala EM, Kipkoech S, Itambo M, Hu G-W, Wang Q-F (2020) An annotated checklist of the coastal forests of Kenya, East Africa. PhytoKeys 147: 1–191. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602 Abstract The inadequacy of information impedes society’s competence to find out the cause or degree of a prob- lem or even to avoid further losses in an ecosystem.
  • With Low Coverage Genome Sequencing

    With Low Coverage Genome Sequencing

    Straub et al. BMC Genomics 2011, 12:211 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/211 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Building a model: developing genomic resources for common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) with low coverage genome sequencing Shannon CK Straub1*, Mark Fishbein2, Tatyana Livshultz3, Zachary Foster1, Matthew Parks1, Kevin Weitemier1, Richard C Cronn4 and Aaron Liston1 Abstract Background: Milkweeds (Asclepias L.) have been extensively investigated in diverse areas of evolutionary biology and ecology; however, there are few genetic resources available to facilitate and compliment these studies. This study explored how low coverage genome sequencing of the common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) could be useful in characterizing the genome of a plant without prior genomic information and for development of genomic resources as a step toward further developing A. syriaca as a model in ecology and evolution. Results: A 0.5× genome of A. syriaca was produced using Illumina sequencing. A virtually complete chloroplast genome of 158,598 bp was assembled, revealing few repeats and loss of three genes: accD, clpP, and ycf1. A nearly complete rDNA cistron (18S-5.8S-26S; 7,541 bp) and 5S rDNA (120 bp) sequence were obtained. Assessment of polymorphism revealed that the rDNA cistron and 5S rDNA had 0.3% and 26.7% polymorphic sites, respectively. A partial mitochondrial genome sequence (130,764 bp), with identical gene content to tobacco, was also assembled. An initial characterization of repeat content indicated that Ty1/copia-like retroelements are the most common repeat type in the milkweed genome. At least one A. syriaca microread hit 88% of Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae) unigenes (median coverage of 0.29×) and 66% of single copy orthologs (COSII) in asterids (median coverage of 0.14×).