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Go West, Young Man . . .
Westward Expansion in American History and Mythology
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2 What We Will Do in this Course •Day 1: Westward Expansion: The Big Picture •Day 2: Westward Expansion: A granular look •Day 3: “The West” in American Culture and Mythology
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3 Day 3 – The West in Popular Culture
• 19th and 20th century fiction • Visual Arts – Painting and Photography • Archetypes of the West • Popular Entertainment • Movies • Television • Music
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19th and 20th Century Literature
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13 Literature of the American West
•Began with the settlement of the earliest New England colonies •Took shape in the early 19th century •Reached its peak in the second half of the century in the form of dime novels and other popular literary forms.
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14 Literature of the American West
Common themes: •Male-dominated world •Tension between civilization and the wilderness •Struggle between the individual and society
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15 James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) •Historical Romances of the frontier and Native American Life from the 17th- 19th centuries
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16 James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) •Leatherstocking Tales – • Five Historical Novels focusing on the period 1740- 1806
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17 James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) Story Dates Publication Title Subtitle Date 1740-1755 1841 The Deerslayer The First War Path 1757 1826 The Last of the A Narrative of 1757 Mohicans 1758-1759 1840 The Pathfinder The Inland Sea 1793 1823 The Pioneers The Sources of the Susquehanna: A Descriptive Tale
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18 Willa Cather (1873-1947) • Novels of frontier life on the Great Plains • She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1922 for One of Ours, set in World War I.
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19 Willa Cather
•1913 – O Pioneers!
•1915 – Song of the Lark
•1918 – My Antonia
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20 Laura Ingalls Wilder (1867-1957) • Novels based on her childhood in a settler and pioneer family in Wisconsin, Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota, and the Dakota Territory between 1867-1885 • Wrote the Little House series of books between 1932-1943
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Publication 21 Title Date Books by 1932 Little House in the Big Woods Laura Ingalls 1933 Farmer Boy Wilder 1935 Little House on the Prairie
1937 On the Banks of Plum Creek
1939 By the Shores of Silver Lake
1940 The Long Winter
1941 Little Town on the Prairie
1943 These Happy Golden Years
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22 Edgar Lee Masters (1868-1950) •Born in Kansas, raised in Illinois •Wrote 12 plays, 21 books of poetry, 6 novels, and 6 biographies.
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23 Edgar Lee Masters
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24 Bret Harte (1836-1902)
•Short stories featuring miners, gamblers, and other romantic figures of the California Gold Rush
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25 Mark Twain (1835-1910) Samuel Clemens •Novels about life on the “near frontier”as well as the Far West after the Civil War
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26 Louis L’Amour (1908-1988)
•Hundreds of novels and short stories about the American west between 1951 and 1987.
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27 Zane Grey (1872-1939)
• Adventure novels and stories about the western frontier • He not only popularized the Western – he gave the American West a romantic prominence and significance it otherwise would not have had.
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28 Dime Novels
1860s - Dime novel became a general term for similar paperbacks produced by various publishers in the early twentieth century.
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30 Comic Books
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Visual Imagery – Painting, Lithgraphs, and Photographs
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33 George Catlin (1796-1872)
•Specialty – portraits of Native Americas in the Old West •Based in St. Louis, visited 50 traibes between 1830-36
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Sioux Hunting Buffalo, 1835 34
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Teepee of the Crow Tribe, 1850 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 35
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North American Indians Portrait of Black Hawk, Indian Chief Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 36
37 Thomas Cole (1801-1848) •Founder, Hudson River School
•Known for his romantic portrayal of the American Wilderness
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2: The Savage State “Consummation” 4: Destruction Thomas Cole
The Course of 1: The Pastoral State Empire 5: Desolation (1835-1836) Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 38
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39 Albert Bierstadt (1830-1902) •Born in Prussia, came to America as an infant
•Second Generation Hudson River School
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42 George Caleb Bingham (1811-1879)
•Known as “the Missouri Artist”
•Painted American frontier life along the Missouri River
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https://us02web.zoom.us/j/82093188326
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Daniel Boone escorting a group of settlers 44 through the Cumberland Gap. George Caleb Bingham 1851-52
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Emanuel Leutze,
“Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way”
1860
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AMERICAN PROGRESS
John Gast 1872
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Covered Wagons, mural by Allyn Cox in the House 47 wing of the U.S. Capitol.
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48 William Henry Jackson (1843-1942)
• Born in Vermont • Painter and photographer of the American West • Civil War Veteran – fought at Gettysburg • Went west after he broke his engagement in Vermont
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49 William Henry Jackson
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Emigrants at Kanesville, a depiction of settlers crossing 51 the Missouri River at Kanesville (now Council Bluffs), Iowa, by William Henry Jackson. (undated)
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Crossing the South Platte 52 (William Henry Jackson).
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The Rocky Mountains: Emigrants Crossing the 53 Plains, lithograph by Currier & Ives, 1866.
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54 Ansel Adams (1982-1984)
•Landscape photographer and environmentalist •Black and white images of the American west
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Glacier National Park Farm, Farmworkers, Manzanar Relocation Center, World War II Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 55
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Real Characters of the West
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57 The Men
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The Lawmen The Gunslingers
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59 Billy the Kid Davy Crockett
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Wyatt Earp Jesse Karen McPherson Osher James Institute Fall 2020 Butch60 Cassidy
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Doc Holliday Belle Starr Black Bart
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"Dodge City [Kans.] Peace Commissioners. L to R: Chas. Bassett, W. H. Harris, Wyatt Earp, Luke Short, L. McLean, Bat Masterson, Neal Brown." By Camillus S. Fly, ca. 1890.
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Pocahontas (Matoaka)
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Native American Images from the First Frontier
Powhatan Opechancanough Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 66
67 King Philip Tecumseh Sacagawea (Metacom)
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Geronimo Crazy Horse Sitting Bull Native American Images of the Third Frontier Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 68
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Red Cloud Chief Joseph
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Public Entertainment
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National Parks 1872 – Yellowstone
1890 – Yosemite
1919 – Grand Canyon
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William Frederick Cody (1846-1917)
• “Buffalo Bill” • He bridges the gap – he is both a participant in the Wild West and a showman telling the world about it • Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show established the
template for how people 72 remembered the West.
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Philippe Lescaude 1668-1743 73 Isaac Cody 1703-1737 Joseph Cody 1700-1756
Joseph Cody 1736-1787 Philip Cody Sr. 1729-1850
Daniel Cody 1777-1846 Philip Cody Jr. 1770-1850
Melinda Cody 1803-1888 Isaac Cody 1811-1854 4th Lydia Deuel 1845-1881 William F. Cody 1846-1917 Cousins [Insert Three Generations] 4 times Removed
Karen Sue Arnold 1947-
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75 Buffalo Bill’s Life
•His father, Isaac Cody, was born in Canada •The family moved back to Canada when Buffalo Bill was an infant; moved to Kansas when he was six years old •His father was severely injured in the violence of Bleeding Kansas; he died a few years later
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Buffalo Bill’s Life
• American buffalo hunter, • U.S. Army scout, • Pony Express rider, • Indian fighter • He regularly embellished his life story
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77 Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show
•1883-1913 •Participants •Travels •Impact
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Calamity Jane
Wild Bill Hickock Annie Oakley Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 78
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Old Tucson
• Built in 1939 for the movie “Arizona” (1940) • Also used for • “Gunfight at the O.K. Corral” (1957) • “Rio Bravo” (1959) • “El Dorado” (1966) • “Little House on the Prairie”1970s- 1980s. Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 79
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80 Rodeo and Professional Bull Riders
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81 Dixie Stampede
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Popular Entertainment
Movies
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Revenge stories, which 84 hinge on the chase and pursuit by someone who Ranchers protecting The construction has been wronged. their family ranch of a railroad or a from rustlers or large telegraph line on landowners, or who the wild frontier. Common build a ranch empire. Plot Lines Stories about Outlaw gang cavalry Stories about a shenanigans fighting Native lawman or Americans. bounty hunter tracking down Karen McPherson Osher Institute his quarry. Fall 2020 84
Common Settings 85
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Movie Cowboys
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Randolph Scott
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Henry Fonda
Charles Bronson
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John Wayne
Clint Eastwood
Gary Cooper
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Popular Entertainment
Television
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James Arness James Garner
Chuck Connors
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The Cartrights
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Popular Entertainment
Folk Songs and “Cowboy” Songs
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Sweet Betsy From Pike
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109 • The song is based on the story of Emily West, a teenaged free negro woman who traveled to Texas to work as an indentured servants on a cotton plantation • In 1836, Mexican general Santa Anna claimed her as his “traveling wife” to take the place of his stay-at-home wife in Texas • When Sam Houston’s troops arrived for the Battle of San Jacinto (six weeks after the Battle of the Alamo), Santa Anna was “busy” with Emily and his troops were defeated. • The song was written by the black man who was Emily’s lover before Santa Karen McPherson Osher Institute Anna whisked her away Fall 2020 109
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Oh, What Did you 114 was your murder name in your wife the And run States? for your Was it life? Thompson Oh what or was your Johnson name in or Bates? the States Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 114
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Popular Entertainment
Country Music “Hat Acts” of the 1990s and Beyond
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