9/25/2020 Go West, Young Man . Westward Expansion in American History and Mythology 1 2 What We Will Do in this Course •Day 1: Westward Expansion: The Big Picture •Day 2: Westward Expansion: A granular look •Day 3: “The West” in American Culture and Mythology Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 2 3 Day 3 – The West in Popular Culture • 19th and 20th century fiction • Visual Arts – Painting and Photography • Archetypes of the West • Popular Entertainment • Movies • Television • Music Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 3 1 9/25/2020 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 8 8 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 9 9 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 10 10 2 9/25/2020 11 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 11 12 19th and 20th Century Literature Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 12 13 Literature of the American West •Began with the settlement of the earliest New England colonies •Took shape in the early 19th century •Reached its peak in the second half of the century in the form of dime novels and other popular literary forms. Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 13 3 9/25/2020 14 Literature of the American West Common themes: •Male-dominated world •Tension between civilization and the wilderness •Struggle between the individual and society Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 14 15 James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) •Historical Romances of the frontier and Native American Life from the 17th- 19th centuries Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 15 16 James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) •Leatherstocking Tales – • Five Historical Novels focusing on the period 1740- 1806 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 16 4 9/25/2020 17 James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) Story Dates Publication Title Subtitle Date 1740-1755 1841 The Deerslayer The First War Path 1757 1826 The Last of the A Narrative of 1757 Mohicans 1758-1759 1840 The Pathfinder The Inland Sea 1793 1823 The Pioneers The Sources of the Susquehanna: A Descriptive Tale Karen McPherson1804 1827 The Prairie A Tale Osher Institute Fall 2020 17 18 Willa Cather (1873-1947) • Novels of frontier life on the Great Plains • She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1922 for One of Ours, set in World War I. Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 18 19 Willa Cather •1913 – O Pioneers! •1915 – Song of the Lark •1918 – My Antonia Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 19 5 9/25/2020 20 Laura Ingalls Wilder (1867-1957) • Novels based on her childhood in a settler and pioneer family in Wisconsin, Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota, and the Dakota Territory between 1867-1885 • Wrote the Little House series of books between 1932-1943 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 20 Publication 21 Title Date Books by 1932 Little House in the Big Woods Laura Ingalls 1933 Farmer Boy Wilder 1935 Little House on the Prairie 1937 On the Banks of Plum Creek 1939 By the Shores of Silver Lake 1940 The Long Winter 1941 Little Town on the Prairie 1943 These Happy Golden Years Karen McPherson Osher Institute 1971 The First Four Years Fall 2020 21 22 Edgar Lee Masters (1868-1950) •Born in Kansas, raised in Illinois •Wrote 12 plays, 21 books of poetry, 6 novels, and 6 biographies. Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 22 6 9/25/2020 23 Edgar Lee Masters Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 23 24 Bret Harte (1836-1902) •Short stories featuring miners, gamblers, and other romantic figures of the California Gold Rush Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 24 25 Mark Twain (1835-1910) Samuel Clemens •Novels about life on the “near frontier”as well as the Far West after the Civil War Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 25 7 9/25/2020 26 Louis L’Amour (1908-1988) •Hundreds of novels and short stories about the American west between 1951 and 1987. Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 26 27 Zane Grey (1872-1939) • Adventure novels and stories about the western frontier • He not only popularized the Western – he gave the American West a romantic prominence and significance it otherwise would not have had. Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 27 28 Dime Novels 1860s - Dime novel became a general term for similar paperbacks produced by various publishers in the early twentieth century. Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 28 8 9/25/2020 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 29 29 30 Comic Books Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 30 Visual Imagery – Painting, Lithgraphs, and Photographs Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 31 31 9 9/25/2020 33 George Catlin (1796-1872) •Specialty – portraits of Native Americas in the Old West •Based in St. Louis, visited 50 traibes between 1830-36 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 33 Sioux Hunting Buffalo, 1835 34 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 34 35 Teepee of the Crow Tribe, 1850 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 35 10 9/25/2020 36 North American Indians Portrait of Black Hawk, Indian Chief Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 36 37 Thomas Cole (1801-1848) •Founder, Hudson River School •Known for his romantic portrayal of the American Wilderness Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 37 38 2: The Savage State “Consummation” 4: Destruction Thomas Cole The Course of 1: The Pastoral State Empire 5: Desolation (1835-1836) Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 38 11 9/25/2020 39 Albert Bierstadt (1830-1902) •Born in Prussia, came to America as an infant •Second Generation Hudson River School Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 39 40 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 40 41 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 41 12 9/25/2020 42 George Caleb Bingham (1811-1879) •Known as “the Missouri Artist” •Painted American frontier life along the Missouri River Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 42 43 https://us02web.zoom.us/j/82093188326 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 43 Daniel Boone escorting a group of settlers 44 through the Cumberland Gap. George Caleb Bingham 1851-52 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 44 13 9/25/2020 45 Emanuel Leutze, “Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way” 1860 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 45 46 AMERICAN PROGRESS John Gast 1872 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 46 Covered Wagons, mural by Allyn Cox in the House 47 wing of the U.S. Capitol. Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 47 14 9/25/2020 48 William Henry Jackson (1843-1942) • Born in Vermont • Painter and photographer of the American West • Civil War Veteran – fought at Gettysburg • Went west after he broke his engagement in Vermont Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 48 49 William Henry Jackson Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 49 50 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 50 15 9/25/2020 Emigrants at Kanesville, a depiction of settlers crossing 51 the Missouri River at Kanesville (now Council Bluffs), Iowa, by William Henry Jackson. (undated) Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 51 Crossing the South Platte 52 (William Henry Jackson). Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 52 The Rocky Mountains: Emigrants Crossing the 53 Plains, lithograph by Currier & Ives, 1866. Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 53 16 9/25/2020 54 Ansel Adams (1982-1984) •Landscape photographer and environmentalist •Black and white images of the American west Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 54 55 Glacier National Park Farm, Farmworkers, Manzanar Relocation Center, World War II Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 55 56 Real Characters of the West Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 56 17 9/25/2020 57 The Men Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 57 58 The Lawmen The Gunslingers Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 58 59 Billy the Kid Davy Crockett Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 59 18 9/25/2020 Wyatt Earp Jesse Karen McPherson Osher James Institute Fall 2020 Butch60 Cassidy 60 61 Doc Holliday Belle Starr Black Bart Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 61 62 "Dodge City [Kans.] Peace Commissioners. L to R: Chas. Bassett, W. H. Harris, Wyatt Earp, Luke Short, L. McLean, Bat Masterson, Neal Brown." By Camillus S. Fly, ca. 1890. Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 62 19 9/25/2020 63 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 63 64 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 64 Pocahontas (Matoaka) Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 65 65 20 9/25/2020 66 Native American Images from the First Frontier Powhatan Opechancanough Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 66 67 King Philip Tecumseh Sacagawea (Metacom) Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 67 68 Geronimo Crazy Horse Sitting Bull Native American Images of the Third Frontier Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 68 21 9/25/2020 69 Red Cloud Chief Joseph Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 69 70 Public Entertainment Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 70 National Parks 1872 – Yellowstone 1890 – Yosemite 1919 – Grand Canyon Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 71 71 22 9/25/2020 William Frederick Cody (1846-1917) • “Buffalo Bill” • He bridges the gap – he is both a participant in the Wild West and a showman telling the world about it • Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show established the template for how people 72 remembered the West. 72 Philippe Lescaude 1668-1743 73 Isaac Cody 1703-1737 Joseph Cody 1700-1756 Joseph Cody 1736-1787 Philip Cody Sr. 1729-1850 Daniel Cody 1777-1846 Philip Cody Jr. 1770-1850 Melinda Cody 1803-1888 Isaac Cody 1811-1854 4th Lydia Deuel 1845-1881 William F. Cody 1846-1917 Cousins [Insert Three Generations] 4 times Removed Karen Sue Arnold 1947- Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 73 Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 74 74 23 9/25/2020 75 Buffalo Bill’s Life •His father, Isaac Cody, was born in Canada •The family moved back to Canada when Buffalo Bill was an infant; moved to Kansas when he was six years old •His father was severely injured in the violence of Bleeding Kansas; he died a few years later Karen McPherson Osher Institute Fall 2020 75 Buffalo Bill’s Life • American buffalo hunter, • U.S.