DOCSLIB.ORG

EN UN FRAGMENTO DE BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL DEL VALLE DEL CAUCA Nathalia Saavedra1, Gustavo H

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EN UN FRAGMENTO DE BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL DEL VALLE DEL CAUCA Nathalia Saavedra1, Gustavo H ESTRUCTURA DE LA COMUNIDAD DE MARIPOSAS ITHOMIINI (NYMPHALIDAE) EN UN FRAGMENTO DE BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL DEL VALLE DEL CAUCA Nathalia Saavedra1, Gustavo H. Kattan1 1Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia 2Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. RESUMEN El bosque seco tropical (bs-T) es uno de los ecosistemas más ampliamente intervenidos y presenta una baja cobertura en Colombia. El Valle del Cauca no ha sido la excepción, la extensión de cultivos agrícolas, sobretodo caña de azúcar y la ganadería han llevado a la pérdida del ecosistema más representativo de este departamento. Las mariposas diurnas han sido utilizadas en estudios relacionados con el estado de conservación de los bosques debido a su sensibilidad a los cambios en el microclima y la disponibilidad de recursos. Caracterizamos la estructura de la comunidad de mariposas Ithomiini en un remanente de bosque seco tropical del Valle del Cauca y e valuamos los efectos de dos factores climáticos para las dos temporadas climáticas que presenta el bosque, precipitación (mm) y radiación solar (cal/cm2), con respecto a la abundancia de mariposas en cada época. Se registraron 799 mariposas de 11 especies de la subfamilia Ithomiini en seis meses (marzo- agosto). Las especies más abundante fueron Mechantis menapis, Mechanitis polymnia y Tithorea harmonia, representando el 85% de la abundancia relativa del muestreo. La correlación entre los factores climáticos y la abundancia de mariposas Ithomiini, fue significativa en ambos casos, demostrando la importancia de estos dos factores en la presencia de estas mariposas. Al ser una reserva natural es importante conocer las dinámicas de las comunidades dentro del ecosistema a través del tiempo, buscando generar resultados favorecedores en estas áreas y fomentar la implementación de nuevas áreas para la conservación de esta comunidad y el bs-T. Palabras clave: bosque seco tropical, comunidad, Ithomiini, factores climáticos, temporadas climáticas. ABSTRACT The tropical dry forest (T-df) is one of the most widely intervened ecosystems and presents low coverage in Colombia. Valle del Cauca has not been the exception, the extension of agricultural crops, especially sugar cane and livestock have led to the loss of the most representative ecosystem in this department. Daytime butterflies have been used in studies related to the conservation status of forests due to their sensitivity to changes in the microclimate and the availability of resources. We characterize the structure of the Ithomiini butterfly community in a remnant of dry tropical forest in Valle del Cauca and evaluated the effects of two climatic factors for the two climatic seasons of the forest, precipitation (mm) and solar radiation (cal/cm2), with respect to the abundance of butterflies in each season. 799 butterflies of 11 species of the Ithomiini subfamily were registered in six months (March-August). The most abundant species were Mechantis menapis, Mechanitis polymnia and Tithorea harmonia, representing 85% of the relative abundance of the sample. The correlation between climatic factors and the abundance of Ithomiini butterflies was significant in both cases, demonstrating the importance of these two factors in the presence of these butterflies. Being a natural reserve, it is important to know the dynamics of the communities within the ecosystem over time, seeking to generate favorable results in these areas and encourage the implementation of new areas for the conservation of this community and the T-df. Key words: tropical dry forest, community, Ithomiini, climatic factors, climatic seasons. INTRODUCCIÓN pero inmerso en una matriz diferente a la El bosque seco tropical (bs-T) es uno de los original (Arenas & Giraldo 2013), como es el ecosistemas más amenazados y menos caso de este PNR. estudiados de la región andina colombiana (Pizano & García 2014). En Colombia este Teniendo en cuenta la pérdida de cobertura de ecosistema se encuentra en tres regiones bs-T en el Valle del Cauca se deben realizar biogeográficas, los valles interandinos de los estudios y seguimiento que permitan ríos Magdalena y Cauca y en las regiones de la monitorear los fragmentos que quedan, para llanura Caribe (Linares & Fandiño 2009). Una entender un poco más sus dinámicas y buscar de las grandes amenazas del bs-T es la conservar aún más áreas (Torres et al. 2012). deforestación, por el aprovechamiento que Es por esto que en este trabajo se utilizan los realiza el ser humano en estos bosques, como parámetros relacionados con la diversidad la ganadería, la obtención de madera, la presente en el ecosistema, que permiten minería y el aumento de la frontera agrícola evidenciar el impacto que pueden presentar los (Gaviria-Ortiz & Henao-Bañol 2011, Orozco ecosistemas por las diferentes presiones et al. 2009, Casas-Pinilla et al. 2017). Debido antrópicas, demostrando su efecto directo o a lo anterior, el paisaje que se presenta en indirecto en los ecosistemas. También, el Colombia de los bs-T son diferentes estudio de la diversidad da cuenta de la fragmentos aislados en medio de una matriz importancia ecológica de un ecosistema, representada principalmente por extensos teniendo así bases para designar áreas cultivos. determinadas para la conservación de las especies presentes (Gaviria-Ortiz & Henao- En el caso del bs-T del Valle del Cauca la Bañol 2011) y planes de conservación para las agricultura extensiva ha sido la actividad que ya existentes. ha causado mayor fragmentación y pérdida de hábitat, debido a que esta región presenta En el caso de las mariposas de Colombia aún tierras fértiles por las inundaciones y no se presenta suficiente conocimiento sedimentos del río Cauca. Dentro de los respecto a dinámica de las comunidades, es remanentes de bs-T que quedan en el por esto que se realizan inventarios de departamento, el Parque Natural Regional El diferentes ecosistemas, buscando conocer más Vínculo se encuentra adyacente a una matriz acerca de la distribución de sus especies y de de caña de azúcar y pastizales, este fragmento las poblaciones en general, permitiendo tener de bosque está compuesto por diferentes datos que soportan cada decisión (Orozco et al. estados sucesionales, dónde hay áreas de 2009). En el subfamiliaPNR El Vínculo, en el regeneración, relicto de bosque primario año 2008 realizaron un muestreo que arrojó intervenido, bosque secundario y matorral 689 individuos distribuidos en 6 familias, 19 (Arenas & Giraldo 2013). Los fragmentos de subfamilias, 149 géneros y 213 especies bs-T que se generan aisladamente comprenden (Gaviria-Ortiz & Henao-Bañol 2011). Esta las comunidades del bosque en estado natural, lista se tuvo en cuenta como referencia para bosque (Muriel & Kattan 2009). Estas este trabajo. mariposas forman parte de los pocos grupos de mariposas que forman leks, los cuales pueden Las mariposas diurnas aportan información estar compuestos por varias especies y géneros acerca del estado de conservación del (García et al. 2002). Los adultos son tóxicos o ecosistema y la diversidad dentro del mismo. desagradables para la mayoría de sus Además, presentan ventajas como organismo depredadores vertebrados e invertebrados, ya modelo de este tipo de estudios, ya que son que obtienen compuestos tóxicos derivados de fáciles de muestrear, presentan un ciclo de las plantas hospederas cuando se encuentran vida corto y conocido, son sensibles a los en estado de larva (García et al. 2002, Valencia cambios en el microclima, temperatura, et al. 2005). humedad y radiación solar, los cuales son parámetros que cambian por las El Parque Regional Natural El Vínculo tiene perturbaciones en los ecosistemas naturales un reporte de 28 especies de la Tribu Ithomiini (Gaviria-Ortiz & Henao-Bañol 2011, Orozco (Gaviria-Ortiz & Henao-Bañol 2011). En este et al. 2009, Muriel & Kattan 2009, Montero et trabajo se planteó evaluar la diversidad de al. 2009). En este caso se eligió trabajar con la estas mariposas para el año 2019, caracterizar Tribu Ithomiini (Nymphalidae), que son la comunidad y analizar las poblaciones para mariposas diurnas pertenecientes las dos temporalidades climáticas (época seca exclusivamente a los bosques neotropicales y época de lluvia). La información obtenida (Casas-Pinilla et al. 2017, Muriel & Kattan resulta valiosa, ya que puede dar cuenta del 2009; García et al. 2002; Valencia et al. 2005). papel ecológico que cumple la reserva en la Contiene aproximadamente 47 géneros y 320 conservación de las mariposas Ithomiini. especies (Giraldo et al. 2010, García et al. 2002, Valencia et al. 2005). La mayoría utiliza la familia Solanaceae como planta hospedera MÉTODOS de sus larvas, y en menor cantidad utilizan Área de estudio Apocynaceae (Muriel & Kattan 2009, García El Parque Natural Regional El Vínculo se et al. 2002, Valencia et al. 2005) y en el caso encuentra ubicado en la parte central del valle del género Hyposcada también pueden utilizar geográfico del río Cauca, en el corregimiento Gesneriaceae (Giraldo et al. 2010; García et al. El Vínculo, municipio Guadalajara de Buga, 2002). departamento Valle del Cauca (Figura 1). La reserva se encuentra sobre el pie de monte de Las mariposas Ithomiini tiene una distribución la cordillera Central (3° 50’433’’N; espacial dentro del bosque según el tipo de 76°18’08’’W), su altitud está entre los 977 y patrón de coloración de cada especie. El patrón los 1150 m.s.n.m. (Arenas & Giraldo 2013). de alas transparentes o alas claras tienden a Es uno de los
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae)
    STUDIES ON THE ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF NEOTROPICAL ITHOMIINE BUTTERFLIES (NYMPHALIDAE: ITHOMIINAE) by GEORGE WILLIAM BECCALONI A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy ofthe University ofLondon October 1995 Biogeography and Conservation Laboratory Centre for Population Biology Department of Entomology Imperial College The Natural History Museum Silwood Park Cromwell Road Ascot London SW7 5BD Berkshire SL5 7PY 2 To my mother, Benjie & Judy in love and gratitude 3 ABSTRACT Two aspects ofthe ecology ofNeotropical ithomiine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) are discussed: mimicry (Chapters 2, 3) and species richness (Chapters 4, 5). Chapter 2 defines eight mimicry complexes involving ithomiines and other insects found in eastern Ecuador. These complexes are dominated by ithomiine individuals. Hypotheses to explain polymorphism in Batesian and Mullerian mimics are assessed. In Chapter 3, evidence that sympatric ithomiine-dominated mimicry complexes are segregated by microhabitat is reviewed. Data confirm that sympatric complexes are segregated vertically by flight height. Flight height is shown to be positively correlated with larval host-plant height. Host-plant partitioning between species in a butterfly community results in the formation of microhabitat guilds of species, and evidence suggests that mimicry may evolve between species which share a guild, but not between guilds. Models for the evolution of mimicry complexes in sympatry, and for polymorphism and dual sex-limited mimicry in Mullerian mimics, are discussed in the light of these findings. Chapter 4 investigates relationships between species richness offamilies and subfamilies ofNeotropical butterflies and overall butterfly species richness at local and regional scales. A strong positive correlation is demonstrated between ithomiine richness and the species richness of all other butterflies.
    [Show full text]
  • Designation of Critical Habitat for Blackburn's Sphinx
    Federal Register / Vol. 67, No. 114 / Thursday, June 13, 2002 / Proposed Rules 40633 substitution of DTV channel 42 for may also be purchased from the DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR channel 62 at Hammond. DTV Channel Commission’s duplicating contractor, 42 can be allotted to Hammond at Qualex International, Portals II, 445 Fish and Wildlife Service reference coordinates 29–58–57 N. and 12th Street, SW., Room CY–B402, 89–57–09 W. with a power of 1000, a Washington, DC, 20554, telephone 202– 50 CFR Part 17 height above average terrain HAAT of 863–2893, facsimile 202–863–2898, or RIN 1018–AH94 308 meters. via e-mail [email protected]. DATES: Comments must be filed on or Endangered and Threatened Wildlife Provisions of the Regulatory before July 29, 2002, and reply and Plants; Designation of Critical Flexibility Act of 1980 do not apply to comments on or before August 13, 2002. Habitat for Blackburn’s Sphinx Moth this proceeding. ADDRESSES: The Commission permits AGENCY: the electronic filing of all pleadings and Members of the public should note Fish and Wildlife Service, comments in proceeding involving that from the time a Notice of Proposed Interior. petitions for rule making (except in Rule Making is issued until the matter ACTION: Proposed rule. broadcast allotment proceedings). See is no longer subject to Commission SUMMARY: We, the U. S. Fish and Electronic Filing of Documents in Rule consideration or court review, all ex Wildlife Service (Service), propose Making Proceedings, GC Docket No. 97– parte contacts are prohibited in designation of critical habitat for the 113 (rel.
    [Show full text]
  • Surgeon's Circular Letter
    y uiivunugii YJ ILU "J U r C 11 R C F ft N \ y ylK III(IT SEP-1952 V O L U M E - V I I Letter NUMBER-9 A FAR !: M 7 PERIODICAL OF ARMY MEDICAJ, SEjCJJQN- HQ - FEC, AND UNC MEDICAL 8ERVICES APO 500 ICAL SERVICE FOR THE CIVIL POPULATION IN KOREA IS UNDER THE DIRECTION OF U. N. CIVIL ASSISTANCE COMMAND IN KOREA (UNCj I 2 3 1. Dr. Charles V. Dukoff, UWCACK, gives public health lecture on "Intestinal Parasites" 2. A Korean doctor and nurse sterilize their hands prior to performing a nephrectomy 3. Staff doctors of the Provincial Hospital 4. Technicians at the hospital make X-rays of a boy's leg with UNCACK allocated equipment 5. Dr. An Yong II gives patient typhoid vac- cine at a Public Health Dispensary \n Korea / 6. Entranced audience listens to a lecture 7. Pharmacist at Provincial Hospital receives medical supplies from UWCACK representative 3, Dr. Kim Wan Kun examines a tiny girl at the Public Health Center, Cheju-Do, Korea. 4 5 6 7 8 A sergeant from the 23d Infantry Regiment, 2d Infantry Division, helps an exhausted buddy to the Aid Station during the battle for "Old Baldy" near Chorwon, Korea. (All Photos by 0. S. Army Signal Corps) Volume VII - Number 9 THE SURGEON'S SEPTEMBER 1952 Headquarters Circular Far East Command Medical Section Letter APO 500 ADMINISTRATIVE Third Northern Command Medical Conference Held at Sendai 134 JLCOM Nurses Conference , 134 USDA To Inspect Poultry and Poultry Products 135 Conducted at Reed Ten-Day Workshop Walter Army Medical Center ...
    [Show full text]
  • Running Head 1 the AGE of BUTTERFLIES REVISITED
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/259184; this version posted February 2, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Running head 2 THE AGE OF BUTTERFLIES REVISITED (AND TESTED) 3 Title 4 The Trials and Tribulations of Priors and Posteriors in Bayesian Timing of 5 Divergence Analyses: the Age of Butterflies Revisited. 6 7 Authors 8 NICOLAS CHAZOT1*, NIKLAS WAHLBERG1, ANDRÉ VICTOR LUCCI FREITAS2, 9 CHARLES MITTER3, CONRAD LABANDEIRA3,4, JAE-CHEON SOHN5, RANJIT KUMAR 10 SAHOO6, NOEMY SERAPHIM7, RIENK DE JONG8, MARIA HEIKKILÄ9 11 Affiliations 12 1Department of Biology, Lunds Universitet, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden. 13 2Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de 14 Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Caixa postal 6109, 15 Barão Geraldo 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil. 16 3Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, U.S.A. 17 4Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian 18 Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA; Department of Entomology and BEES 19 Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20741; and Key Lab of Insect 20 Evolution and Environmental Change, School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal 21 University, Beijing 100048, bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/259184; this version posted February 2, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Centros De Evolução, Refúgios Quaternários E Consetvação De
    Centros de evolução, refúgios quaternários e consetvação de patrimônios genéticos na reg1ao neotropical: padrões de diferenciação em lthomiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) (*) Keith S. Brown, Jr. (**) Resumo incluem parques nacionais ou reservas biológicas efetivas, enquanto 22 são muito modüicados pela Analisam-se padrões geográficos de evolução e ação do homem, e um (Guaporé) poderá ser total­ diferenciação (por pressão de mimetismo Mülleria.• mente destruido antes de serem minimamente co­ no) em 162 espécies de Heliconiini e Ithomiinae na nhecida sua flora e fauna endêmicas. região neotropical (com revisão sistemática e bioló• gica, e descrição de novos taxas), representando 905 entidades düerenciadas, um milhão de dados distri. INTRODUÇÃO bucionais e 2. 832 localidades. Isto indica 50 princi· pais centros de evolução e endemismo de floresta tropical (fenômenos biológicos empíricos e deduti. O recente rejuvenescimento da antiga ciên· vos) . São empregados critérios climatológicos, to­ cia de Biogeogré:lfia (Ball, 1976) inclui uma sé­ pográficos, pedológicos e botânicos na proposição rie significativa de trabalhos realizados no con· de 38 correspondentes refúgios florestais (fenôme• tinente sul-americano. Embora a teoria do nos históricos indutivos), que atuaram na preser­ equilíbrio insular (MacArthur & Wilson, 1967) vação e düerenciação de populações silvícolas du­ rante o último período longo de clima frio e seco e a da deriva continental (Dietz & Holden, 1970) (20 .000 - 13 .000 anos a.p.) . São analisadas as va­ fornecessem bases teóricas e geológicas para riações nas relações entre biotas em düercntes re­ explicar muitos fenômenos importantes de dis­ fúgios, no modo de ação dos refúgios sobre düe• tribuição de animais e plantas, uma outra re­ rentes organismos, nas respostas das populações volução sutil por:ém não menos significativa desses organismos, na conservação atual dos pa­ drões de diferenciação em espécies düerentes, e na foi iniciada por trabalhadores pouco conheci­ integridade passada e presente das áreas refugiais.
    [Show full text]
  • DEVELOPMENT of Cochliomyia Macellaria on EQUINE and PORCINE
    DEVELOPMENT OF Cochliomyia macellaria ON EQUINE AND PORCINE STRIATED MUSCLE TISSUE AND ADULT ATTRACTION TO LARVAL RESOURCE AThesis by STACY ANN BOATRIGHT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ENTOMOLOGY August 2009 Major Subject: Entomology DEVELOPMENT OF Cochliomyia macellaria ON EQUINE AND PORCINE STRIATED MUSCLE TISSUE AND ADULT ATTRACTION TO LARVAL RESOURCE A Thesis by STACY ANN BOATRIGHT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ENTOMOLOGY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Jeffery K. Tomberlin Committee Members, Tracy Cyr S. Bradleigh Vinson Head of Department, Kevin Heinz August 2009 Major Subject: Entomology iii ABSTRACT Development of Cochliomyia macellaria on Equine and Porcine Striated Muscle Tissue and Adult Attraction to Larval Resource. (August 2009) Stacy Ann Boatright, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Jeffery K. Tomberlin Cochliomyia macellaria is commonly utilized in estimating the period of insect activity (PIA) on a corpse due to its rapid colonization time of fresh remains, active oviposition during daylight, and its abundance throughout the southern United States. The primary objective of this study involved C. macellaria reared on either equine or porcine striated muscle tissues at 21°C, 24°C, and 27°C. C. macellaria required approximately 35% more time to complete development when reared at 21°C instead of 27°C. Larval growth and weight gain over time did not differ between larvae reared on equine versus porcine muscle tissue.
    [Show full text]
  • Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies
    ILLUSTRATIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF EXOTIC BUTTERFLIES, SELECTED chiefly from the COLLECTIONS OF W. WILSON SAUNDERS and WILLIAM C. HEWITSON. WILLIAM C. HEWITSON. /// VOL. 1. c\qbA3 JOHN VAN VOORST, LONDON. LUNDON : WUUDFALL AND KINDER. PRINTERS, ANGEL COURT, SKINNER STREET. INTRODUCTION. Although tlie first volume of the " Exotic Butterflies," which is now brought to a close, has not succeeded in a pecuniary point of view, we do not hesitate to proceed with a second—having abundant materials with which to fill its pages—willing to consider any loss which we may sustain as a slight contribution towards the advance- ment of our favourite science, and unwilling that the many beautiful things which have delighted our own eyes should not also be enjoyed by our brother naturalists. Two hundred and seventeen butterflies have been figured as new and distinct species, and I believe they will stand the test of close examination. No one can deprecate more than I do the needless multiplication of species in which some of the naturalists (especially ornithologists) of the present day, both in France and England, seem to take so much pleasure, who, with the knowledge always before them that certain species vary ad infinitum, that others are cosmopolitan in their range, neverthe- less take some extra spot of colour, aided by some slight geographical separation, as sufficient ground upon which to erect a species. I have, however, learned to give great deference to the opinion of any one who may be closely studying some particular group, having myself come to a decision with regard to some of the Ithomias, which I have afterwards reversed upon nearer acquaintance with them, wondering at my own want of acumen ; indeed, so intimate have I become with specimens in my own cabinet, as to know them from others of the same species, when there was no appreciable difference.
    [Show full text]
  • An Initial Study on Arthropod Succession on Exposed Human Tissues in Assiut, Egypt
    Galal et al ... 55 AN INITIAL STUDY ON ARTHROPOD SUCCESSION ON EXPOSED HUMAN TISSUES IN ASSIUT, EGYPT BY Lamia A. A. Galal, Saly Y. Abd-El-hameed*, Rasha A. H. Attia and Doaa A. Uonis Departments of Medical Parasitology and Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology*, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University. ABSTRACT Forensic entomology uses different stages of arthropods as an entomological evidence at death scene to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) using either succession waves or maggot age and its develop- ment. The arthropod succession patterns are greatly affected by temperature and humidity. Their devel- opment rate also differs physiologically depending on their geographical origin. Therefore the knowledge of local fauna is very useful in forensic investigations. Data from other areas having both different envi- ronmental and faunal characteristics might provide insufficient degree of accuracy. The aim of this study is to document arthropod fauna and succession pattern in relation to decomposition stages of human left over parts, in Assiut, during spring-summer season. The experiment was performed during spring- summer season. Human left over parts from orthopedic theatre were used. Specimens were placed in a box, floored with soil and protected with scavenger-exclusion cage and placed upon the roof of Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Campus. Inspection of the specimens was done and at each visit flying insects, larvae and crawling species were collected. Immature stages were reared in the laboratory till adult stage in order to be identified. The results of main insect groups were discussed in relation to decomposition stages. Many insect species were identified and the following orders were represented: Diptera (Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Muscidae), Coleoptera (Dermestidae) and Hymenoptera (Formicidae).
    [Show full text]
  • Immature Stages of Ithomia Salapia Ardea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Ithomiinae)
    FREITAS & BROWN: Immatures of Ithomia salapia TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA, 18(1):17-19, 2008 17 IMMATURE STAGES OF ITHOMIA SALAPIA ARDEA (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE, ITHOMIINAE) André Victor Lucci Freitas and Keith S. Brown Jr. Departamento de Zoologia and Museu de História Natural, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil Abstract – The host plant and the immature stages of Ithomia salapia ardea are described. The isolated eggs are laid under mature leaves of Witheringia sp. (Solanaceae). The larvae pass through five instars, the last with a conspicuous ringed pattern (resembling larvae ofMethona ); the pupae are beige and reflective, very similar to those of other species of Ithomia. The color-pattern of the mature larva of this species is very different from those of the other known species of the genus, suggesting that much additional work on Ithomiinae juveniles should be done before patterns can be generalized. Resumo – A planta hospedeira e os estágios imaturos de Ithomia salapia ardea são descritos. Os ovos isolados são colocados em folhas maduras de Witheringia sp. (Solanaceae). As larvas passam por cinco estádios, com o último apresentando um padrão de anéis conspícuo (lembrando larvas de Methona); as pupas são de cor bege brilhante, muito similares àquelas de outras espécies de Ithomia. O padrão de coloração da larva madura desta espécie é muito diferente do das outras espécies conhecidas do gênero, sugerindo que muito trabalho adicional deve ser feito com imaturos de Ithominae antes que padrões gerais possam ser generalizados. keywords – Brazil, Ithomia, Ithomiinae, life-cycle, Nymphalidae, Solanaceae __________________________________ The knowledge of the immature stages of butterflies has grown RESults in importance since the last decade, and characters of early stages General Biology have proven to be useful when characters of adults fail to solve About 50 eggs and larvae were observed in the field on five some systematic problems (DeVries et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Ithomiini Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) of Antioquia, Colombia
    Neotrop Entomol DOI 10.1007/s13744-012-0102-4 ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS Ithomiini Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) of Antioquia, Colombia 1 2 3 1 CE GIRALDO ,KRWILLMOTT ,RVILA ,SIURIBE 1Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular, Univ Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia 2McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, Spain Keywords Abstract Biodiversity, Danainae, neotropics, Colombia is one of the most biodiverse countries on the planet. Papilionoidea However, economic and scientific investment in completing inven- Correspondence tories of its biodiversity has been relatively poor in comparison CE Giraldo, Grupo de Investigación en with other Neotropical countries. Butterflies are the best studied Sistemática Molecular, Univ Nacional de Colombia, Calle 59A No 63 – 20 Bl 16-102, group of invertebrates, with the highest proportion of known to Medellín, Colombia; [email protected] expected species. More than 3,200 species of butterflies have been recorded in Colombia, although the study of the still many unex- Edited by André VL Freitas – UNICAMP plored areas will presumably increase this number. This work pro- Received 18 September 2012 and accepted vides a list of Ithomiini butterflies collected in the department of 2 December 2012 Antioquia and estimates the total number of species present, based on revision of entomological collections, records in the literature * Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 2013 and field work performed between 2003 and 2011. The list includes 99 species and 32 genera, representing 27% of all Ithomiini species. We report 50 species of Ithomiini not formerly listed from Anti- oquia, and found the highest diversity of ithomiine species to be at middle elevations (900–1,800 m).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Ithomiini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Inferred from One Mitochondrial and Two Nuclear Gene Regions
    Systematic Entomology (2005), DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00321.x Phylogenetic relationships among the Ithomiini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from one mitochondrial and two nuclear gene regions ANDREW V. Z. BROWER1 , ANDRE´V. L. FREITAS2 , MING-MIN LEE1 , KARINA L. SILVA-BRANDA˜O 2 , ALAINE WHINNETT3 and KEITH R. WILLMOTT3 1Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A., 2Departamento de Zoologia and Museu de Histo´ria Natural, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil and 3Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum and Galton Laboratory, University College London, London, U.K. Abstract. A phylogenetic hypothesis for the tribe Ithomiini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) is presented, based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II (COI–COII) region and regions of the nuclear genes wingless and Elongation factor 1-alpha. Branch support for each clade is assessed, and a partition congruence index is used to explore conflict among gene regions. The monophyly of the clade is strongly supported, as are many of the traditionally recognized subtribes and genera. The data imply para- phyly of some genera and tribes, but largely support recent classifications and phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphological characters. Introduction Freitas & Brown, 2004). Danainae is also supported as monophyletic in the higher level molecular study of The Ithomiini is a diverse neotropical butterfly clade com- Nymphalidae by Wahlberg et
    [Show full text]
  • Novedades En Historia Natural
    BOLETÍN CIENTÍFICO NOVEDADES EN HISTORIA NATURAL CENTRO DE MUSEOS MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL a.- ATHESIS DOUBLEDAY (= ROSWELLIA FOX) y PATRICIA FOX tres géneros andinos de Ithominos primitivos Neotropicales (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danainae, Ithomiini) Estas tres mariposas ithominas conforman, dentro de la tribu, un grupo singular, al incluir las especies más primitivas o arcaicas de todas (Brown, 1977). Tanto es así que Brower et al., (2014), en un reciente y meticuloso estudio filogenético y basados en datos moleculares y morfológicos, el cual fue publicado en la revista Sistemática y Biodiversidad, conciben la subtribu Athesitina para Athesis y Patricia, por las siguientes sinapomorfias propuestas por Willmott & Freitas (2006): larva del primer estadio con tallos subtoracicos conspicuos, larva del último estadio con 3 manchas naranjas presentes en las 3 secciones posteriores de cada segmento; punta posterior del Aedeagus con cinta esclerotizada hacia el lado derecho extendida hasta la base de la vesica. No obstante, y lastimosamente, ambos trabajos solo consideraron en sus análisis las especies Athesis clearista Doubleday & Hewitson y Patricia dercyllidas Hewitson, sin incluir a Roswellia (sensu stricto) acrisione Hewitson, el tercer y más raro miembro de la subtribu para comparación. Fox (1956), en su pionero estudio sobre la tribu Tithoreini, considera la especie bajo el género monotipico Roswellia, justificando su estado primitivo y basal por conservar dos de las articulaciones tarsales anteriores en los machos y la presencia de la sutura uncal masculina. Además, Fox analizó los palpos labiales, las patas anteriores en ambos sexos y la venación que es similar a Athesis pero la vena R2 nace en el extremo de la celda o un poco más allá.
    [Show full text]