U.S. Army Military History Institute Deception/Surprise 950 Soldiers Drive Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5021 20 Jul 2012

DECEPTION & SURPRISE (TACTICAL/STRATEGIC)

A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources

CONTENTS General Sources.....p.1 Pre-20th Century -General Sources.....p.3 -American Civil War 1861-65.....p.4 20th Century -General Sources.....p.5 -World War I…..p.5 World War II --General Sources.....p.6 --MTO.....p.8 --ETO -Eastern Front…..p.8 -Northwestern Europe…..p.9 --Pacific…..p.11 Since 1945.....p.11

GENERAL SOURCES

Army Times. The Tangled Web: True Stories of Deception in Modern Warfare. Wash, DC: Luce, 1963. 199 p. U166.35.T36. Various military ruses on land and sea since the Civil War.

Barnett, Correlli. "The Impact of Surprise and Initiative in War." Journal of the Royal United Service Institute (RUSI) (2 Jun 1984): pp. 20-26. Per. Reprinted in Parameters (Winter 1984), pp. 69-77.

Beaumont, Roger A. "Certain Uncertainty: Inoculating for Surprise." Air University Review (Jul/Aug 1984): pp. 8-16. Per.

Boatner, Mark M., III. "Surprise!" Army (Jan 1970): pp. 33-38. Per. Historical examples. Deception/Surprise p.2

Cable, James. "Surprise and the Single Scenario." Journal of the Royal United Service Institute (RUSI) (Mar 1983): pp. 33-38. Per.

Croizat, V.J. "Mislead the Enemy." Marine Corps Gazette (Oct 1959): pp. 52-53. Per.

Daniel, Donald C., & Herbig, Katherine L. Strategic Military Deception. NY: Pergamon, 1982. 378 p. U163.S76. Views on theoretical perspectives and historical practices.

Dewar, Michael. The Art of Deception in Warfare. England: David & Charles, 1989. 224 p. UB252.18.D48. Includes historical examples: ancient to 1914 (Chap 2), WWI (Chap 3) and WWII (Chap 4).

Dupuy, Trevor N., editor-in-chief. International Military and Defense Encyclopedia. 6 vols. Wash, DC: Brassey's, 1993. pp. 708-09 & 2331-34. U24.I58.

_____. "Predicting the Element of Surprise in War." Army (May 1977): pp. 44-51. Per. Quantified analysis of data.

Dwyer, John B. Seaborne Deception: The History of U.S. Navy Beach Jumpers. NY: Praeger, 1992. 151 p. VG85.3.D89.

Hadley, Arthur T. "Maneuver Warfare and the Art of Deception." In Maneuver Warfare. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1993. pp. 360-74. U250.M36.

Hall, Mary T. "False Colors and Dummy Ships: The Use of Ruse in Naval Warfare." Naval War College Review (Summer 1989): pp. 52-62. Per.

Hargreaves, Reginald. "For to Deceive." Marine Corps Gazette (Jan 1950): pp. 36-43. Per. Historical examples.

Hartcup, Guy. Camouflage: A History of Concealment and Deception in War. NY: Scribner’s, 1980. 113 p. U166.34.H27.

Hathaway, John G. “Deception Operations: Doctrinal Side Show or Operational Imperative?” AWC student paper, 1989. 41 p. Arch.

Harris, W. A. "Deception." Lecture, CGSC, 1947. 70 p. U167.5.D37.H37. Uses specific examples.

Levite, Ariel. Intelligence and Strategic Surprises. NY: Columbia, 1987. 220 p. UB250.L48.

Lorillard, LTC. Ruses de Guerre et Contre-Ruses. Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle, 1935. 224 p. U166.35.L6. Deception/Surprise p.3

Maguire, T. Miller. Surprise in War: From a Military and National Point of View. Dublin, Ireland: Dollard, 1898. 18 p., 14 maps. U166.155.M3.

Olsen, Frank H. "Great Hoaxes." Infantry (Nov/Dec 1969): pp. 44-47. Per.

Owen, David. Battle of Wits: A History of Psychology & Deception in Modern Warfare. London: Cooper, 1978. 207 p. UB275.O93. Undocumented survey.

Savoie, Thomas A. "Deception at the Operational Level of War." Army (Apr 1987): pp. 30-33, 36-38 & 40. Per. Historical examples.

Sekulich, Miloje. "Deception in War." Trans & digested in Military Review (Nov 1958): pp. 92-97. Per.

Starry, Michael D. "Deception and the Operational Level of War." Ft. Leavenworth, KS: CGSC, 1986. 54 p. UB252.18.S72.

Taylor, Theodore C. "Tactical Concentration and Surprise - In Theory." Naval War College Review (Jul/Aug 1985): pp. 41- 51. Per.

U.S. CIA. Misperception Literature Survey. Wash, DC: Office R&D, Mar 1979. 106 p. U166.35.U5. Includes info on psychological theories of misperception.

_____. Deception Maxims: Fact and Folklore. Wash, DC, Apr 1980. 53 p. U166.35.U5.

See also: -Bibliographies on Camouflage; Intelligence; & Psychological Operations.

PRE 20TH CENTURY-General Sources

Clausewitz, Carl von. On War. [Translated by J.J. Graham] Vol. I. London: Keegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1911. U102C65. See Chaps IX-X.

Lloyd, Mark. The Art of Military Deception. London: Leo Cooper, 1997. 218 p. U167.5.D37.L46.

Sheridan, Robert P. "The 'Massacre' at Old Tappan." Army (Feb 1986): pp. 64-67 & 70-71. Per. Deception/Surprise p.4

Stevens, Peter F. "Early Disinformation Campaign." Military History (Jun 1992): pp. 12, 16, 94-96 & 98. Per. As employed by George Washington, 1776-77.

Sun Tzu. The Art of War. [Translated by Samuel B. Griffith]. NY: Oxford, 1963. 197 p. U101.S95. See especially pp. 53, 66 & 106.

U.S. Dept of Army. Tactical Deception: Field Manual 90-2, dated Aug 1978. MilPub-FM. Includes summary accounts of 10 successful deceptions of 20th century (AppD, 22 p).

Warner, Denis & Peggy. "The Doctrine of Surprise." MHQ (Aug 1991): pp. 21-25. Per. A Japanese staple, they note, 1904-1941.

PRE 20TH CENTURY-American Civil War, 1861-65

Bonham, Francis G. "Deception in War." Infantry Journal (Jul/Aug 1934): pp. 272-76. Per. Includes Stonewall Jackson's 1862 ploy.

D’Aoust, Maurice G. “Hoodwinked: Union Military Deception.” Civil War Times Illustrated (May 2006): pp. 34-39. Per.

_____. “Hoodwinked: Confederate Military Deception.” Civil War Times Illustrated (Jun 2006): pp. 42-48. Per.

Davis, James A. “Musical Reconnaissance and Deception in the American Civil War.” Journal of Military History (Jan 2010): pp. 79-105. Per.

Graham, James J. Military Ends and Moral Means.... London: Smith, Elder, 1864. 475 p. U19.G73. See Chap VII, "Stratagems."

Henderson, G.F.R. Stonewall Jackson.... London: Longmans, Green, 1955. p. 298. E467.1.J15.H55. Used Federal POW's.

Lee, Baker P. "Magruder's Peninsula Campaign in 1862." Southern Historical Society Papers. Vol. 19. (1891): p. 63. E483.7.S7v19. Deceiving McClellan in Jun 1862.

Williams, Kenneth P. Lincoln Finds a General. Vol. I. NY: Macmillan, 1950. Chap V. E470.W765v1. "Quaker" guns at Ball’s Bluff, Sep 1861.

Williams, T. Harry. P.G.T. Beauregard. Baton Rouge: LSU, 1954. p. 154. E467.1.B38.W5. Corinth retreat hoax, May 1862. Deception/Surprise p.5

20TH CENTURY-General Sources

Rankin, Nicholas. A Genius for Deception: How Cunning Helped the British Win Two World Wars. NY: Oxford, 2009. 466 p. U167.5.D37.R36.

U.S. Army. CGSC. Techniques for Deception. Reference Book 31-40, Jul 1974. 36 p. UB252.18.T42. Chap 6 contains capsule accounts of various successful deceptive operations, WWI thru Vietnam.

U.S. Dept of Army. Tactical Deception: Field Manual 90-2, dated Aug 1978. ca 150 p. MilPub-FM. Includes summary accounts of 10 successful deceptions of 20th cent (App D, 22 p.).

Warner, Denis & Peggy. "The Doctrine of Surprises." MHQ, cited above. Per. Japanese experience, 1904-1941.

20TH CENTURY-World War I

Bonham, Francis G. "Deception in War." Infantry Journal (Jul/Aug 1934): pp. 272-76. Per. Includes Allenby's 1918 deception in Palestine.

Davies, Martin. ‘Conceal, Create, Confuse’: Deception as a British Battlefield Tactic in the First World War. Stroud, England: Spellmount, 2009. 256 p. D546.D38.

Dewar, Michael. The Art of Deception in Warfare. NY: Sterling, 1989. 224 p. UB252.18.D48. Includes historical examples: ancient to 1914 (Chap 2), WWI (Chap 3) and WWII (Chap 4).

Dyer, J.H. “A Holding Demonstration in September, 1917.” Royal Engineer Journal (Jun 1939): pp. 236-41. Per. Camouflaged cardboard & wood figures in Lys Vallely, Sep 1917.

“German Precautions to Disguise Intentions.” Field Artillery Journal (Oct/Dec1918): pp. 553-59. Per. Signal/comms/artillery to secure & deceive.

Moore, Earl C. “Wooden Guns in Warfare.” Field Artillery Journal (Jul/Sep 1917): pp. 316-17. Per.

Sheffy, Yigal. "Institutionalized Deception and Perception Reinforcement: Allenby's Campaigns in Palestine, 1917-18." Intelligence and Military Operations. [Edited by Michael I. Handel] London: Cass, 1990. pp. 173-236. UB250.I56.

Smythe, Donald. "The Ruse at Belfort." Army (Jun 1972): pp. 34-38. Per. Deception/Surprise p.6

WORLD WAR II-General Sources

Blumentritt, Guenther. "Deception and Errors during a War." USAREUR Foreign Mil Study, 1946. 4 p. D739.F6713noB-712.

Breuer, William B. The Secret War with Germany: Deception, Espionage, and Dirty Tricks 1939-1945. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1988. 318 p. D810.S7.B68.

Bryant, Melrose M., compiler. Deception in Warfare. Special Bibliography No. 275, USAF Air U, Jul 185. 98 p. Z6724.D42.B79.

Cookson, Robin E. Cover and Deception by the Royal Air Force in World War II. NY: Garland, 1989. 274 p. D810.S7.C66v18.

Cruickshank, Charles. Deception in World War II. NY: Oxford, 1979. 248 p. D744.C77.

"Deception and Cover Plans." USAREUR Foreign Mil Study, 1946. 119 p. D739.F6713noP-044a,b.c. 3-pt collection by German generals.

Dewar, Michael. The Art of Deception in Warfare. Eng: David & Charles, 1989. 224 p. UB252.18.D48. See Chap 4.

Halter, Jon C. Top Secret Projects of World War II. NY: Wanderer, 1978. 192 p. D743.7.H34. See esp Chap 5.

Handel, Michael I., editor. Strategic and Operational Deception in the Second World War. London: Cass, 1987. 348 p. D743.S72.

Holt, Thaddeus. The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War. NY: Scribner, 2004. 1148 p. D744.H65.

Howard, Michael. Strategic Deception. Vol. 5 of British Intelligence in the Second World War. NY: Cambridge, 1990. 269 p. D810.S7.H49.

Jablonsky, David. "The Paradox of Duality: Adolf Hitler and the Concept of Military Surprise." Leaders and Intelligence. Totowa, NJ: Cass, 1989. pp. 55-117. UB250.L43.

Mahl, Thomas E. Desperate Deception: British Covert Operations in the United States, 1939-44. Wash, DC: Brassey’s, 1998. 257 p. D810.S7.M34.

Mendelsohn, John, editor. Covert Warfare: Intelligence, Counterintelligence and Military Deception During the World War II Era. 18 vols. NY: Garland, 1989. D810.S7.C66. Selected docs from National Arch record groups. Deception/Surprise p.7

Mure, David. Master of Deception: Tangled Webs in London and the Middle East. London: Kimber, 1980. 284 p. D810.S7.M76.

Raus, Erhard. "Tauschungen." [Deception and cover plan]. USAREUR Foreign Mil Study, 1946. 9 p. D739.F6713noP-144b.

Reit, Seymour. Masquerade: The Amazing Camouflage Deceptions of World War II. NY: Hawthorn, 1978. 225 p. D810.C2.R44.

Starry, Michael D. "Deception and the Operational Level of War." Advanced Military Studies Monograph, CGSC, 1987. 54 p. UB252.18.S72. Includes a few WWII examples.

Syrett, David. "The Secret War and the Historians." Armed Forces & Society (Winter 1983): pp. 293-328. Per. Review essay on WWII intelligence, espionage and cryptology.

U.S. Army CGSC. Lectures on deception, WWII operations, 1948? ca 50 p. U167.5.D37.H37.

U.S. Central Intell Agency. Covert Rearmament in Germany, 1919-1939: Deception and Misperception. Wash, DC, Mar 1979. 276 p. UA710.U4.

_____. Deception Research Program. Thoughts on the Cost-Effectiveness of Deception and Related Tactic as in the Air War, 1939 to 1945. Wash, DC, Mar 1979. 170 p. U166.35.U5.

U.S. War Dept. Operations Div. Records of the War Department's Operations Division, 1942-45. Pt 1: WWII Operations. Series C: Top Secret Files. Microfilm by UPA, 1993. 26 reels. D769.25.U552Microfilm. See pub guide, p. 22, on various deception plans, policy & strategy.

Wark, Wesley. "Intelligence Predictions and Strategic Surprise: Reflections on the British Experience in the 1930s." British and American Approaches to Intelligence. [Ed by K.G. Robertson] NY: St Martins, 1987. pp. 85-103. UB251.G7.B75.

Willemer, Wilhelm. "Camouflage." USAREUR Foreign Mil Study, 1946. 175 p. D739.F6713noP-130. See especially Chap 5: "Camouflage of Tactical and Operational Intentions."

See also: -Bibliographies on Camouflage; Cryptology, WWII & OSS in Intelligence-WWI; Signal Corps Collection, Arch, on loudspeaker deception units; and specific campaigns and battles for cover and deception operations, e.g. El Alamein, Norway, Olympic, and especially "Ghost Units" created for 1944 Allied cross-channel attack (WWII-ETO). Deception/Surprise p.8

WORLD WAR II-Mediterranean

Macintyre, Ben. Operation Mincemeat: How a Dead Man and a Bizarre Plan Fooled the Nazis and Assured an Allied Victory. NY: Harmony Books, 2010. 400 p. D810.S7.M244. Ruse to cover the Sicily invasion plans.

More, David. Master of Deception: Tangled Webs in London and the Middle East. London: Kimber, 1980. 284 p. D810.S7.M76.

Nodacker, Milton. "Intelligence and Deception Factors in the Battles of El Alamein." Military Intelligence (Jan 88): pp. 26-29. Per.

Reuss, Robert. “Surprise and Deception in the Early War Years, 1940-1942.” AWC student paper, 1993. 48 p. Arch.

Szkoda, W.E. "Camouflage and Deception." Armor (Sep/Oct 1961). pp. 48-53. Per. Includes details on El Alamein deception.

WORLD WAR II-ETO-Eastern Front

Armstrong, Richard N. “Soviet Operational Deception: The Red Cloak.” Ft. Leavenworth, KS: CGSC, CSI, 1988. 56 p. D764.A73.

Barros, James, & Gregor, Richard. Double Deception: Stalin, Hitler, and the Invasion of Russia. DeKalb, IL: No IL U, 1995. 307 p. D749.5.R8.B37.

Glantz, David M. Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War. London: Cass, 1989. 644 p. D810.S7.G53.

_____. “Soviet War Experience: A Deception Case Study.” Ft. Leavenworth, KS: CAC, 1988. 13 p. UB252.18.G52Microfilm.

Myklebust, Svein L. “’The Greatest Deception in the History of Warfare’: Hitler’s Deceptive Operations in the Months Prior to the Attack on Russia in June 1941.” PhD dss, U WI-Madison, 1980. 303 p. D764.M94.

Sevin, Dieter. "Operation Scherhorn." Military Review (Mar 1966): pp. 35-43. Per. Soviet ruse using surrounded unit. Deception/Surprise p.9

Slayton, Barney F. "'War in the Ether': Soviet Radio-Electronic Warfare." Military Review (Jan 1980): pp. 56-67. Per. See pp. 61-64 on Operation BAGRATION.

U.S. Dept of Army. Gen Staff, G-2. "The Role of Deception in Soviet Military Operations." Intelligence Review (No. 192, May 1952): pp. 14-18. Per. Examples from WWII.

Weberstadt, Harald, et. al. “Deception and Cover Plans Project.” Koenigstein, Germany?: EUCOM, 1951. 13 p. D739.F6713noP-044c.

Ziemke, Earl F. "Operation Kreml: Deception, Strategy, and the Fortunes of War." Parameters (Mar 1979): pp. 72-83. Per. German deception plan, Russia 1942, shamming a second offensive toward Moscow.

See also: -Records of the JCS, 1942-45, Pacific. Microfilm (Reel #8, frames 0344-0534).

WORLD WAR II-ETO-Northwest Europe

Beavan, Colin. Operation Jedburgh: D-Day and America’s First Shadow War. NY: Viking, 2006. 401 p. D802.F8.B43.

Breuer, William B. Hoodwinking Hitler: The Normandy Deception. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993. 262 p. D756.5.N6.B74.

Collins, Larry. Operation Fortitude: The Great Deception Operation that Fooled Hitler and Saved the Normandy Landings San Francisco, CA: Bay Area Chap, Assn Frmr Intell Officers, 1995. 22 p. D756.5.N6.C64.

Deming, Dennis C. "German Deception in the Ardennes: Lessons for the Senior Leader." AWC student paper, 1989. 22 p. Arch. Allied reaction.

Deutsch, Harold C. Basic Deception and the Normandy Invasion NY: Garland, 1987. ca 165 p. D810.S7.C66v15.

Dothie, W.H. Operation Disembroil: Deception and Escape, Normandy 1940. London: Hale, 1985. 158 p. D811.D646. Deception/Surprise p.10

"Fortitude: A History of Strategic Deception in North Western Europe, April 1943 to May 1945." Photocopy of galley proof (?) with handwritten remarks. Prepared 1945-1948 and set for publication by British War Office in 1976. 260 p. D7565.N6.F67. Author could be Cuthbert Hesketh.

Gawne, Jonathan. Ghosts of the ETO: American Tactical Deception Units in the European Theater, 1944-1945. Havertown, PA: Casemate, 2002. 342 p. D769.25.G39.

Greiffenberg, Hans von. “Deception and Cover Plans Project, #29.” USAREUR Foreign Mil Study, 1946. 82 p. D739.F6713noP-044a.

Haswell, Jock. The Intelligence and Deception of the D-Day Landings. London: Batsford, 1979. 208 p. D756.5.N6.H29.

Hesketh, Roger. Fortitude: The D-Day Deception Campaign. NY: Overlook, 2000. 513 p. D756.5.N6.H47.

Hobar, Basil J. "The Ardennes 1944: Intelligence Failure or Deception Success?" Military Intelligence (Oct/Dec 1984): pp. 8-16. Per.

Holt, Thaddeus. "The Deceivers." MHQ (Autumn 1994): pp. 48-57. Per.

Hood, Burton F. "Operation Greif." Military Review (Jan 1960): pp. 37-43. Per. German ruse during Ardennes campaign to capture Allied field commanders.

Kneece, Jack. Ghost Army of World War II. Gretna, LA: Pelican, 2001. 280 p. #2113.23HST.2001.

Koch, James R. "Operation Fortitude: The Backbone of Deception." Military Review (Mar 1992): pp. 66-77. Per.

Lemley, Harry I. Papers. Arch. Includes information on deception operations, Southern France, 1944. VI Corps Arty.

Mendelsohn, John, ed. Covert Warfare. Vol. 15: A Basic Deception and the Normandy Invasion. NY: Garland, 1989. 250 p. D810.S7.C66. Selected documents of SHAEF & ETO.

_____. Covert Warfare. Vol. 16: From Normandy into the Reich. In Covert Warfare series. NY: Garland, 1989. ca 300 p. D810.S7.C66. Selected docs on 4 tactical deception operations.

_____. Covert Warfare. Vol. 17: The German View of Cover and Deception. NY: Garland, 1988. ca 300 p. D810.S7.C66v17. Reprints 5 USAREUR Foreign Mil Studies (#B-712, P-044a,b,c and P-096), plus testimony of Skozeny re Ardennes. Deception/Surprise p.11

More, David. Master of Deception: Tangled Webs in London and the Middle East. London: Kimber, 1980. 284 p. D810.S7.M76.

"Operation 'Sealoewe' (German Plan for Invasion of British Isles)." USAREUR Foreign Mil Study, 1946. 32 p. D739.F6713noC-059. By four German officers, one section for each.

Ricklefs, Richard F. “Fortitude South: D-Day Deception.” Military Intelligence (Apr/Jun 1996): pp. 48-50. Per.

Sexton, Donald J. "Phantoms of the North: British Deception in Scandinavia, 1941-1944." Military Affairs (Oct 1983): pp. 109-14. Per.

U.S. Army. European Theater of Operations. "Cover & Deception, Recommended Organization." Exhibit 5 of Cover & Deception Report, ETO, 8 Sep 1944. 2 p. UB252.18.C67aExh5.

Whaley, Barton. Covert German Rearmament 1919-1939: Deception and Misperception. Frederick, MD: UPA, 1984. 149 p. VA710.W52. Reprint of CIA research paper.

Wilt, Alan. F. "'Shark' and 'Harpoon': German Cover Operations against Great Britain in 1941." Military Affairs (Feb 1974): pp. 1-4. Per.

See also: -Bibliographies on Headquarters, 23rd Special Troops in Deception; Operation Fortitude in WWII-ETO- France-Overlord.

PACIFIC WAR

Allied Forces. SWPA. “Staff Study, Cover and Deception, Operation ‘Mike One,” Musketeer Operations.” APO 500: 15 Nov 1944. 18 p. + 4 foldout maps. D767.4.S7223.

"Goodenough Bluff." Military Review (May 1945): pp. 108-11. Per. Aussie "ghost" force seized island.

Huber, Thomas M. “Pastel: Deception in the Invasion of Japan.” Ft. Leavenworth, KS: CGSC, 1988. 55 p. D767.H82.

U.S. Army Forces, Pacific. "Staff Study “Pastel-Two”: Cover and Deception, Olympic Operations." APO 500: 30 Jul 1945. 20 p. + 4 fold-out maps and charts. D767.2.S72. Deception/Surprise p.12

U.S. War Dept. MID. The Punch Below the Belt: Japanese Ruses, Deception Tactics, and Antipersonnel Measures Wash, DC: MID, 1945. 113 p. U15.U635no33.

SINCE 1945

Bittman, Ladislav. The Deception Game: Czechoslovak Intelligence in Soviet Political Warfare. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse, 1972. 246 p. UB271.C95.B5.

Bloom, Richard W. "Military Surprise: Why We Need a Scientific Approach." Air University Review (Jul/Aug 1984): pp. 17-21. Per.

Bok, Sissela. "Secrets and Deception: Implications for the Military." Naval War College Review (Mar/Apr 1985): pp. 73-80. Per.

Bryant, Melrose M., cited above. Z6724.D42.B79.

Card, Mark T. “The Decision Consequences of Strategic Military Surprise.” PhD dss, TX A&M, 1997. 200 p. U163.C37. Argues that Saddam Hussein’s attack on Kuwait was example of an SMS.

Eller, Joseph M. Estimate of Cost of False Targets as Air Defense Auxiliaries. Study TP-38, ORO, May 1961. 11 p. U166.34.E44.

Esther, Elizabeth D. "Tactical Deception in Today's Army." Military Intelligence (Oct/Dec 1983) pp. 24-27. Per.

Hadley, A.T. "Fool 'Em." Combat Forces Journal (Dec 1951): pp. 19-20. Per(Army).

Hand, Robert P. "Deception Planning." Military Review (Sep 1967): pp. 44-48. Per.

Handel, Michael I. Perception, Deception and Surprise: The Case of the Yom Kippur War. Jerusalem: n.p., 1976. 72 p. DS128.1.H335.

Heiman, Leo. "Surprise and Conquer." Armor (Jul/Aug 1964): pp. 50-53. Per. On Israeli doctrine of "constant-flow."

Hopkins, John H. Concepts of Modern Tactical Deception and Its Engineer Equipment Support. Ft Belvoir, VA, U.S. Army Engineer R&D Labs, 10 Mar 1958. 57 p. UG449.H66.

Huber, Thomas M. "Deceiving the Enemy in Operation Desert Storm." In Combined Arms.... Ft Leavenworth: CGSC, 1992. pp. 59-67. U260.C66.

"Light Tanks." Soldiers (Apr 1988): pp. 28-29 and inside back cover. Per. M-1 tank decoy (canvas on stretch racks). Deception/Surprise p.13

Melton, Gary P. "XVIII Airborne Corps Desert Deception." Military Intelligence (Oct/Dec 1991): pp. 43-45. Per.

Miller, Stephen W. "Camouflage and Deception." Armor (Nov/Dec 1975): pp. 15-20. Per.

Nicholas, Jack D. "The Element of Surprise in Modern Warfare." Air University Quarterly Review (Summer 1956): pp. 3-20. Per.

Riccardelli, Richard F. "Camouflage and Deception--Soviet Style." Military Review (Feb 1979): pp. 24-32. Per.

Savoie, Thomas A. "Are We Deceiving Ourselves?" Military Review (Mar 1987): pp. 37-47. Per.

Stevens, Jennie A., & Marsh, Henry S. "Surprise and Deception in Soviet Military Thought." Military Review (Jul 1982): pp. 2-11. Per.

"Surprise and Deception." Military Review (Mar 1959): pp. 100-04. Per. Digested from article in The Owl (Pakistan), Dec 1957.

U.S. Army, CDC. Imitative Communications Deception. USARV, 1969. 13 p. DS559.8.C6.I44. Lessons Learned No 64.

U.S. Army Field Forces. Office of Chief. "Strategic and Tactical Cover and Deception Training." Letter, 15 Jul 1948, w/enclosures. 22 p. U167.5.D37.S73.

U.S. Dept Army. Combat Deception: Training Circular 8, dated May 1953. 16 p. MilPub-Circ.

_____. Gen Staff, G-2. The Soviet Military Deception Plan." Intell Rev (No. 218, Dec 1954- Jan 55): pp. 13-23. UB250.R484.

U.S. Dept of Defense. Conduct of the Persian Gulf Conflict: An Interim Report to Congress. Wash, DC: GPO, Jul 1991. ca 250 p. DS79.72.C66. See Chap 24.

U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam. “VC/NVA Camouflage and Deception Practices Encountered in the Republic of Vietnam.” n.p., 1966. 63 p. DS559.8.V38.

Walker, Edward M. Personnel Decoy, Airborne Diversionary Equipment, Code Name, "Oscar." Report, U.S. Army Engineer R&D Labs, Ft Belvoir, VA, 28 Oct 1955. 91 p. U167.5.D37.W34.

Weart, Douglas S. "Limited Surprise in Limited War." AWC student paper, 1967. 17 p. Arch. Employment of air power. Deception/Surprise p.14

Westenberger, Paul H. "Beware the Russian Ruse." Marine Corps Gazette (Jan 1964): pp. 27-31. Per.

Wirtz, James J. The Tet Offensive: Intelligence Failure in War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell, 1991. 290 p. DS552.3.T4.W57.

See also: -Bibliography on Electronic Warfare.