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GSE SS8H4 Westward Expansion in Georgia GSE SS8H4

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GSE SS8H4 Westward Expansion in Georgia GSE SS8H4 GSE SS8H4 Westward Expansion in Georgia GSE SS8H4 Explain significant factors that affected westward expansion in Georgia between 1789 and 1840. GSE SS8H4.a Explain reasons for the establishment of the University of Georgia, and for the westward movement of Georgia’s capitals. Lesson Preview • During this time period, Georgia established the FIRST state supported public University ever! • At the same time, Georgia was involved in one of the most infamous examples of government corruption in history UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA • Established on January 27, 1785 • Georgia’s General Assembly approved the charter. • UGA is America’s FIRST public university • Lyman Hall - Georgia’s Governor • Improved Education - Growth of the State • Granted land to create university Governor Lyman Hall • Governor of Georgia • Allocated land for UGA • Abraham Baldwin • Wrote the University’s charter • First president of the University Abraham Baldwin Founder of the University of Georgia Franklin College/Old College One of UGA’s first buildings UGA Campus Tour • After the Civil War, the University was designated as a “land grant institution” • Land is set aside by the federal government to create a university Famous UGA Alumni •Saxby Chambliss •Former U.S. Senator Famous UGA Alumni LINK TO GA STORY • Crawford W. Long • First to use ether as an anesthetic for surgery Famous UGA Alumni • Henry W. Grady • First editor of AJC • Grady Hospital is named for him Famous UGA Alumni • Nathaniel Harris • Founder of Georgia Tech GEORGIA’S CAPITALS Savannah, GA • GA’s 1st capital • Savannah was named after the Savannah River Savannah, GA Augusta, GA • GA’s 2nd capital • Oglethorpe named Augusta in honor of Princess Augusta, wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales. Augusta, GA Louisville, GA • GA’s 3rd capital • Named for French King Louis XVI for his support during the American Revolution Louisville, GA The Capitals • Continued moving westward • Where the people moved, the capitals followed • Eventually, Atlanta will become the capital of Georgia What was the first public university to receive a charter in the United States? A. Emory University B. Harvard University C. The University of Georgia D. The University of North Carolina Why was UGA established? A. Georgia needed a university to match other states education programs B. Land grants made it possible to provide public education opportunities C. To compete against Georgia Tech D. Without it, Athens would have died. What was the sole purpose of the changing of location for the state capital? A. The people kept moving west, and so went the capital with the people. B. It needed to be moved away from the ocean in case of an attack. C. The citizens wanted it to be Atlanta and needed to slowly move the capital closer. D. To hide it from our enemies. GSE SS8H4.b Evaluate the impact of land policies pursued by Georgia; include the headright system, land lotteries, and the Yazoo Land Fraud. Land Policies: The Headright System, Land Lotteries, and the Yazoo Land Fraud • After the Revolutionary War, Georgia gained access to a large amount of land • Land came from American Indians who sided with the British. • Land stretched all the way to the Mississippi River. Land Policies: The Headright System, Land Lotteries, and the Yazoo Land Fraud • War veterans and others believed they had the right to new land • What was the best way to distribute land to the people of the state? HEADRIGHT SYSTEM Headright System • Heads of households = up to 200 acres of FREE land • Men who had families or slaves received even more. • 50 Acres per servant or family member • Soldiers could receive more land Headright System • White men over the age of 21 OR • Soldiers who had fought during the Revolution We have a problem! • Too many claimants • Not enough land to offer Headright System Y E E A A H H Headright System V. Land Lottery LAND LOTTERY Land Lottery • Land lottery systems • From 1805-1833, Georgia had 8 land lotteries • Almost anyone could buy chances to “get” land Land Lottery Land Lottery • Gave average Georgians opportunity to gain large amounts of land Land Lottery • Eligible names sent to the state • Participants paid for ticket • Participants’ names were placed in one drum • The lots bearing a number would be placed in a second drum. Land Lottery Drawing Land Lottery Drawing Land Lottery People could buy more tickets based on: • Age • Marital status • War service • Orphans and widows eligible Land Lottery Land Lottery YAZOO LAND FRAUD Yazoo Land Fraud Yazoo Land Fraud • GA government weakened by Revolution • Not strong enough to defend western GA (Miss./AL) Yazoo Land Fraud Land is sold to companies for unbelievably low prices. Governor and General Assembly had been bribed Yazoo Land Fraud The Yazoo Act (1795) • Much of the land that would become Alabama and Mississippi was sold to: Four land companies for $500,000. Yazoo Land Fraud • General Assembly passed a bill • 4 land companies bought 35-50 million acres • One and half cents per acre Yazoo Land Fraud • Gov. George Mathews signed the Yazoo Act into law • Georgians protested the sale “Something was not right…” Yazoo Land Fraud • Land companies = BRIBED the GA General Assembly and the governor • Bribing the General Assembly is ILLEGAL Yazoo Land Fraud George Mathews Governor of Georgia Took Bribes as the Governor Yazoo Land Fraud William Few Part of the Bribed Legislators? Yazoo Land Fraud • The bribed legislators chose to continue with the sale • James Jackson, a US Senator was contacted • Outraged, he resigned and returned to GA James Jackson Georgia senator who stops the Yazoo Land Fraud Yazoo Land Fraud •Jackson got elected to the General Assembly •He and his political allies took control Yazoo Land Fraud • General Assembly NULLIFIED (Refused to Enforce) the Yazoo Act. • “Known” as the Yazoo Land Fraud • Federal (U.S.) gov’t got involved Yazoo Land Fraud • 1802 - Georgia CEDED (gave away) the disputed land to the U.S. gov’t (AL and Miss.) • GA got 1.25 million dollars • GA was promised the U.S. would remove ALL American Indians from Georgia Burning of the Yazoo Land Act Symbolic Burning of the Illegal Document “Holy Fire from Heaven” Burning the Yazoo Land Act “Holy Fire from Heaven” What was the purpose of the headright system in Georgia? A. Distributed Indian lands to new settlers B. Administered voting and election districts C. Established a method of counting population D. Provided an organized system of collecting taxes Events in which Georgians had the chance to win the right to buy land from the state were known as A. Yazoo deals B. land lotteries C. freedom fighters D. headright systems The Yazoo Land Fraud occurred because land companies A. claimed land that had been acquired illegally B. took land from the Native Americans by force C. made illegal treaties with the Native Americans D. bribed legislators so they could buy land cheaply GSE SS8H4.c Explain how technological developments, including the cotton gin and railroads, had an impact on Georgia’s growth. The U.S. Grows • 1789 - George Washington elected 1st President • Begins U.S. expansion period (1789-1840) George Washington Portrait Saved by Dolley Madison when the British burned the White House in the War of 1812 The U.S. Grows • American Indians CEDED (Voluntarily gives up) land to the U.S. • American Indians given plots of land in the West (reservations) The U.S. Grows • 1803-Louisiana Purchase from France • U.S. gained 10 current U.S. states • LA, AR, MO, IA, MN, ND, SD, NE, MT, WY Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase, 1803 Thomas Jefferson 3rd President Authorized Louisiana Purchase The U.S. Grows • Farmers now had access to Miss. River • Opened new land for farming THE COTTON GIN The Cotton Gin • Tobacco had destroyed the soil • Georgia was looking for ways to make growing cotton profitable The Cotton Gin The Cotton Gin The Cotton Gin • Cotton had to be “deseeded” by hand. • This process took too long • Most farmers could not produce more than one pound of cotton a day. The Cotton Gin • Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 • Cotton gin could remove the seeds from 50 pounds of cotton a day. • Cotton became profitable in Georgia and the rest of the South. Eli Whitney Inventor of the Cotton Gin The Cotton Gin, 1793 The Cotton Gin, 1793 The Cotton Gin • Farmers began to seek out land to grow cotton • The South grew a large majority of the world’s cotton by 1800 The Cotton Gin POSITIVE EFFECT Invention of the Cotton gin = • better economy/ more growth The Cotton Gin NEGATIVE EFFECTS • dependent on one crop • more slaves in GA, & the south The Cotton Gin • Increase in cotton = Need for more slaves • Led to the South’s dependence on slavery • Later one of the causes of the Civil War The Cotton Gin RAILROADS Railroads • Railroads help create many GA cities • Created as a better way to transport cotton & people Railroads • Atlanta - Named for the Western and Atlantic Railroad • Originally called Terminus (End of the Line) • Grew so much, it became the HUB (Center) of the railroads in the South Western and Atlantic Railroad Western and Atlantic Railroad Railroads What impact did cotton have on Georgia’s economy during the 1800s? A. It decreased in importance as more textile mills opened B. It decreased the need for slaves because the state had less rice plantations C. It became the most important crop to the state’s economy and ensured that the state remained dependent on slavery D. It led to the state’s increased dependence on trade as Georgia imported most of their supply of cotton from other states and overseas Increased markets, more efficient trade, and the rise of Atlanta can all be attributed to A.
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