THE TEBTUNIS PAPYRI s* " V o a i
POr\ EGYPT EXPLORATION SOCIETY t/i & Tza.cz Co - R ^n THE TEBTUNIS PAPYRI
VOLUME III
PART I
EDITED BY
ARTHUR S. HUNT, D.Litt. PROFESSOR OF PAPVROLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD AND FELLOW OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE FELLOW OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY
AND
J. GILBART SMYLY, Litt.D. SENIOR FELLOW AND LIBRARIAN OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN
WITH ASSISTANCE FROM
B. P. GRENFELL, E. LOBEL, M. ROSTOVTZEFF
WITH SEVEN COLLOTYPE PLATES
LONDON HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, AMEN HOUSE, E.C. 4
NEW YORK : 114 Fifth Avenue 1933
[All rights reserved]
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS
GRAECO-ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGY, VOLUME III THE TEBTUNIS PAPYRI
VOLUME III
PART I
EDITED BY
ARTHUR S. HUNT, D.Litt. PROFESSOR OF PAPYROLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD AND FELLOW OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE FELLOW OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY
AND
J. GILBART SMYLY, Litt.D. SENIOR FELLOW AND LIBRARIAN OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN
WITH ASSISTANCE FROM
B. P. GRENFELL, E. LOBEL, M. ROSTOVTZEFF
WITH SEVEN COLLOTYPE PLATES
LONDON HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, AMEN HOUSE, E.C 4
NEW YORK: 114 Fifth Avenue
J 933
[All rights reserved} PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN PREFACE
To the long interval which has occurred between the appearance of this fresh instalment of the Tebtunis papyri and that of its predecessor various causes have contributed, chiefly the protracted illness and sad death of Professor Grenfell. In my absence from Oxford he had spent much time towards the end of the war on the texts of these papyri, which had been obtained from the cartonnage of mummies discovered at Umm el Baragat, and he was looking forward to their early publication. When in 1920 his health failed, the work was laid aside in the hope that he might eventually be able to return to it. On the final extinction of that hope in 1926 the question of publication was revived, and in order to facilitate this it was decided, with the kind concurrence of the authorities concerned, to repeat the arrangement made in the case of the first Tebtunis volume, which was a joint production of the Univer- sity of California and of the Egypt Exploration Society (hence copies supplied to the latter's subscribers have, as before, a pair of title-pages). The decision was also reached to divide the volume into two, partly on account of its probable bulk, partly in order to render some important material the sooner accessible. But the preparation of the present first Part proved more onerous than was anticipated. Examination of the MS. left by Grenfell showed not only that the commentary (except in that on no. 703 : see below) was unwritten, but also that the texts many cases needed much further study, while some still remained uncopied. In these circumstances it has seemed to us unwarrantable to assign to him on the title-page editorial responsibility for this book, though we desire to emphasize the importance of his preliminary work. We are also much indebted to Professor M. Rostovtzeff both for having drafted the full commentary on no. 703 and for many helpful suggestions elsewhere, and to Mr. E. Lobel, who worked on a number of the texts at an early stage, both at Dublin and at Oxford, and has viii PREFA CE given assistance with the new literary pieces. Mr. C. C. Edgar has been good enough to look over the proof-sheets of the non-literary section and to contribute some valuable comments and corrections.
Part 2, which will include the remaining texts and the index to the whole volume, is in course of preparation and will follow with as little delay as possible.
ARTHUR S. HUNT.
Oxford, March, 1933. CONTENTS PAGE Preface ...... vii List of Plates ix Table of Papyri ...... xi
Classification of Papyri according to Mummies . xv Note on the Method of Publication and List of Abbreviations xvii TEXTS
I. New Literary Fragments (690-5) II. Homeric Fragments (696-7) .... 2 3 III. Royal Ordinances. (698-700) .... 36 IV. Official Documents ...... 46 Registers cf. (a) (701-2 ; 793, 814-16) (b) Instructions (703-19)
(c) Orders for Payment (720-3) Reports cf. (d) (724-43 ; 801)
(e) Correspondence of Patron (744-9) (/) Correspondence of Adamas, etc. (750-7) V. Private Correspondence (758-68) 178 VI. Petitions (769-805) 191
VII. Declarations and Applications (808-13) . 260 VIII. Records and Abstracts (814-16). 270 IX. Agreements (817-25) 315 LIST OF PLATES — I. 692 Fr. 1, Cols, ii-iii, 694 Fr. i, Cols. 1 in
II. 697 Cols, iii—v, vii III. 703 recto, Col. iv
- IV. 809, 811 . at the end.
V. 815, Fr. 5 .
VI. 817 .
VII. 698, 819 .
TABLE OF PAPYRI
B.C. PAGE
r 690. Hesiod, Catalogue? . 2nd cent. 2 691. Lyric Extract . Late 3rd cent 692. Sophocles, Inacfois 2nd cent. 3 693. Extract from a Comedy Late 3rd cent 13
694. Treatise on Music . 3rd cent. 15 22 695. List of Tragedians . Late 3rd cent 696. Homer, Odyssey i 2nd cent. 23
697. Homer, Odyssey iv, v 2nd cent. 25 698. Decree of Antiochus IV Epiphanes 170-169 36 699. Decrees of Euergetes II x 35-r34 37 700. Decree of Euergetes II concerning Associa tions, and Purchase of Property 124 39 701. Register of Official Business 2 35 46
701 (a). Register of Official Correspondence About 131 64
702. Register of Official Correspondence . About 260 65 703. Instructions of a Dioecetes to a Subordinate Late 3rd cent 66 704. Correspondence concerning Corn-transport 208 102
705. Official Correspondence . 209 104 706. Correspondence concerning Embankments 171 ? 106 707. Circular and Proclamation 118 108 708. Official Circular Late 3rd cent no 709. Letter of a Monopoly-superintendent 159 in 112 710. Correspondence concerning Crown Land . 156
711. Letter concerning a Defaulting Comarch . About 125 114 712. Letter to Cultivators of Crown Land Late 2nd cent, ii5 713. Letter to Cultivators of Crown Land Late 2nd cent 117 714. Release of Crops 2nd cent. 118 715. Letter concerning Release of Crops 2nd cent. 119
716. Letter 158 • 120 717. Letter concerning a List of Produce Late 2nd cent 121
718. Dues from Crown Cultivators . About 140 121 122 719. Licence for the Vintage . 150
720. Payment through a Bank . Before 238 . 123
721. Order for Payment . 193? . 124
722. Order for Payment to Soldiers . 2nd cent. 125
723. Order for Payment to Soldiers . i37 127 Xll TABLE OF PAPYRI
E.C. 724. Supply of Wine to Soldiers 725. Communication from an Engineer 726. Irregular Grant of Land .... 727. Complaint of a Sitologus .... 728. Report concerning the Oil Monopoly 729. Report concerning Seizure of Livestock 730. Police Report
731. Report concerning Watchmen . 732. Report concerning the Salt Monopoly 733. Report of Theft 734. Reports to Epimeletae ....
735. Report concerning Collection of Arrears . 736. Report concerning Guards
737. Application of Priests for Land . 738. Letter concerning Land assigned to Priests
739. Report concerning Incriminated Officials . 740. Report concerning Sale of Land 741. Correspondence concerning a Sitologus 742. Correspondence concerning Defaulters 743. Report from a Comogrammateus 744. Letter of Patron 745. Letter concerning the Appointment of a Guard ...... 746. Correspondence concerning Cleruchic Dues 747. Letter of Reprimand ....
748. Letter concerning Draught-animals .
749. Letter concerning Provision of Donkeys . 750. Letter of Adamas to Dionysius 751. Letter from Adamas to his Father 752. Letter to Adamas from his Father 753. Letter to Adamas
754. Letter to Adamas from his Brother . 755. Letter of Heliodorus
756. Letter of Adamas (?) 757. Letter to Heracleides
758. Letter of Reproof . 759. Letter of Reproof
760. Private Letter . 761. Letter of Asclepiades
762. Private Letter . TABLE OF PAPYRI xin
E.C. 763. Letter of Ptolemaeus 764. Correspondence of Philon and Pemsas 765. Letter concerning an Assault
766. Letter to a Banker .
767. Letter of Apollonius .
768. Family Letter .
769. Petition to the King .
770. Petition to the King . 771. Petition to the King and Queen 772. Petition of a Tax-farmer 773. Petition of a Cultivator
774. Statement of a Sitologus 775. Petition of a Cleruch 776. Petition concerning a Dowry 777. Petition of a Prisoner
778. Application to an Epistrategus 779. Petition to Ptolemaeus, Strategus 780. Petition to Ptolemaeus, Strategus
781. Petition of a Priest . 782. Petition to an Epimeletes 783. Claim for Costs of Maintenance
784. Complaint of Theft .
785. Petition to Phanias, Strategus .
786. Petition to Phanias, Strategus . 787. Petition to Phanias (?), Strategus
788. Petition of Crown Cultivators . 789. Petition of Cultivators
790. Petition of Priests .
791. Application to a Strategus 792. Petition to a Revenue-inspector 793. Register of Official Correspondence
794. Notice of Loss . 795. Notice to Chief of Police 796. Notification of Theft 797. Notification of Robbery with Violence 798. Complaint of Assault 799. Complaint of Aggression 800. Complaint of Assault 801. Report concerning a Theft 802. Complaint of a Ship's Guard XIV TABLE OF PAPYRI
803. Petition of Crown Cultivators .
804. Notification of Burglary . 805. Complaint of Breach of Contract 806. Property-return .... 807. Application for Lease of Crown Land 808. Application for Transfer of Land 809. Declaration concerning a Divorce 810. Declaration on Oath 811. Declaration on Oath 812. Offer for Post with Tax-farmers
813. Declaration of a Comogrammateus . 814. Records of Sale of Forfeited Property
815. List of Abstracts of Contracts . 816. Copies of Documents 817. Loan on Mortgage .... 818. Renewal of Loan .... 819. Lease of Land ..... 820. Cession of Quarters .... 821. Withdrawal of Claims
822. Prescript of Cleopatra I and Philometor 823. Receipt of a Ship's Captain 824. Receipt of a Ship's Captain 825. Receipts of a Ship's Captain CLASSIFICATION OF PAPYRI ACCORDING TO MUMMIES
The following is a list of the papyri arranged according to the mummies from which they came. This evidence is often valuable for purposes of dating and sometimes in less obvious ways. UM
NOTE ON THE METHOD OF PUBLICATION AND LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Most of the literary texts contained in the following pages are printed as they stand in the originals, except for division of words, addition of capital initials in proper names, and supplements of lacunae. In two cases, 692 and 694, an exact transcription and a reconstruction in modern form stand side by side. Additions or corrections by the same hand as the body of the text are in small thin type, those by a second hand in thick type. Non-literary texts are printed in modern style with resolution of abbrevia- tions and symbols, accentuation and punctuation. Additions and corrections have been incorporated in the text wherever this could be conveniently done, and their occurrence is in the critical notes where alterations in the have recorded ; original been reproduced, later hands are distinguished as usual by thick type. Faults of orthography, &c, are corrected in the apparatus where they seemed likely to give rise to any difficulty. Iota adscript is printed where written and also used in abbreviated words and lacunae. brackets expanding supplementing Square [ a resolution of abbreviation indicate lacuna, round brackets ( ) an or symbol, angular brackets () a mistaken omission in the original, double square brackets a braces a letter or letters. Dots within brackets [[ ]] deletion, { } superfluous the number of letters lost or deleted dots outside represent approximately ; brackets indicate mutilated or otherwise illegible letters. Letters with dots under them are to be regarded as uncertain. Heavy Arabic numerals refer to the Tebtunis papyri in the present and the two volumes arabic numerals to lines small Roman numerals previous ; ordinary ; to columns. The numbers to the left below the titles of the texts are those of the mummies from whose were extracted a table of the mummies cartonnage they ; and the texts they produced is given on p. xv.
The abbreviations used in citing papyrological publications are substantially those adopted in the Archiv fur Papyrusforschung, viz. : —
Archiv = Archiv fur Papyrusforschung. B. G. U. = Aeg. Urkunden aus den st. Museen zu Berlin, griech. Urkunden. (M.) = L. Mitteis, Chrestomathie. P. Amh. = The Amherst Papyri (Greek), by B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt. P. Bouriant = Les Papyrus Bouriant, by P. Collart. xviii LIS T OF A BBRE VIA TIONS
P. Brit. Mus. = Greek Papyri in the British Museum, Vols. I-V, by Sir F. G. Kenyon and H. I. Bell (many in Vol. I re-edited in U.P.Z.). P. Cairo Preisigke = Griech. Urkunden des aeg. Museums zu Cairo, by F. Preisigke. P. Cairo Zen. = Catalogue des Antiquites egyptiennes du Musee du Caire, Zenon Papyri, Vols. I-IV, by C. C. Edgar. P. Edgar = Selected Papyri from the Archives of Zenon (Ann. du Service des Antiq. de VEg. xviii-xxiv), by C. C. Edgar. P. Eleph. = Elephantine-Papyri (B. G. U. Sonderheft), by O. Rubensohn. P. Enteux. = ENTETHEI2 de la Soc. de (Publications eg. Papyrologie I), by O. Gueraud.
P. Fay. = Fayum Towns and their Papyri, by B. P. Grenfell, A. S. Hunt, and D. G. Hogarth. P. Flor. = Vols. I and G. Vitelli Vol. Papiri Fiorentini, III, by ; II, by D. Comparetti. P. Frankf. = Griech. Papyri der Universitat Frankfurt (Sitzungsb. Heidelb. Akad., 1920), by H. Levvald. P. Gen. = Les Papyrus de Geneve, Vol. I, by J. Nicole. P. Giessen = Griech. Papyri zu Giessen, Vol. I, by E. Kornemann, O. Eger, and P. M. Meyer. P. Giessen Bibl. = Mitteilungen aus der Papyrussammlung der Giessener Uni- versitatsbibliothek I, by H. Kling. P. Gnom. = B. G. U. Vol. V. 1, Der Gnomon des Idios Logos, by W. Schubart. P. Gradenwitz = Griech. Papyri der Sammlung Gradenwitz (Sitzungsb. Heidelb. Akad., 1914); by G. Plaumann. P. Grenf. = Greek Papyri, Series I and II, by B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt. = from Irish P. Gurob Greek Papyri Gurob (Roy. Acad., Cunningham Mem. xii),
by J. G. Smyly. P. Hal. = Dikaiomata, &c, by the Graeca Halensis. P. Hamb. = Griech. Papyrusurkunden der Hamburgischen Stadtbibliothek, by P. M. Meyer. P. Hibeh = The Hibeh Papyri, by B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt. P. Leyden = Papyri Graeci Musei antiquarii Lugduni-Batavi, by C. Leemans. Re-edited in U.P.Z.
P. Lille = Papyrus grecs de Lille, tome I, by P. Jouguet, P. Collart and others. P. Magd. = Papyrus grecs de Lille, tome II, 2-4, by P. Jouguet, P. Collart and others (republished in P. Enteux.). P. Mich. Zen. = Zenon Papyri in the University of Michigan Collection, by C. C. Edgar. LIST OF A BBRE VIA TIONS x ix
P. Oslo = Papyri Osloenses, Fasc. II, by S. Eitrem and P. Amundsen. P. Oxy. = The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, Parts I-XVII, by B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt.
P. Par. = Les Papyrus grecs du Musee du Louvre (Notices et Extraits, xviii. 2), by W. Brunet de Presle and E. Egger (Nos. 10-13, 22~^4j re-edited in U.P.Z.).
P. Petrie = The Flinders Petrie Papyri, Parts I— III, by J. P. Mahaffy and
J. G. Smyly. P. Reinach = Papyrus grecs et demotiques, by T. Reinach and others. P. Ryl. = Catalogue of the Greek Papyri in the Rylands Library, Vol. II, by J. de M. Johnson, V. Martin, and A. S. Hunt. P. S. I. = Papiri della Societa Italiana, Vols. I-X, by G. Vitelli and others. P. Strassb. = Griech. Papyrus der Universitatsbibl. zu Strassburg, Vols. I and II, by F. Preisigke. P. Tebt. = The Tebtunis Papyri, Parts I and II, by B. P. Grenfell, A. S. Hunt, J. G. Smyly, and E. J. Goodspeed. P. Thead. = Papyrus de Theadelphie, by P. jouguet. P. Tor. = Papyri Graeci Regii Taurinensis Musei Aegyptii, by A. Peyron. P. Uppsala = Berliner Leihgabe griech. Papyri, by T. Kalen and others. P. Zois = Papiri greco-egizi di Zoide [Mem. dclla R. Accad. di Torino, xxxiii), by A. Peyron. Re-edited U.P.Z. 114. Rev. Laws = Revenue Laws of Ptolemy Philadelphus, by B. P. Grenfell. SB. — Sammelbuch griech. Urkunden aus Aegypten, by F. Preisigke and F. Bilabel. Theb. Bank = Aktenstucke aus d. k. Bank zu Theben (Abh. Pr. Akad., 1886), by U. Wilcken. Theb. Ostr. = Theban Ostraca, Part III (Univ. oj Toronto Studies), by J. G. Milne.
U.P.Z. = Urkunden der Ptolemaerzeit, Vol. I, by U. Wilcken.
Vol. I, Vol. II = P. Tebt., Parts I and II. (W.) = U. Wilcken, Chrestomathie.
I. NEW LITERARY FRAGMENTS
690. Hesiod, Catalogue ?
126, Fr. 1 8-6x12 cm. Second century b.c.
The recto of this papyrus, which consists of three fragments, contains some remains of the first book of the Odyssey (696). On the verso of the first two of is these fragments (= 696. i) part of a column of non-Homeric hexameters, written in a rather irregular hand distinct from that of the recto though not dissimilar in style. Further columns may have preceded and followed, for though no writing is apparent on the verso of the third fragment, this is accounted for by the fact that, the direction of the columns being the same on both sides of the papyrus, the verso of Fr. 3 fell lower than the last line of the column on Frs. 1-2, which has below it a considerable margin. The question of the extent of the loss between Frs. 1 and 2 is discussed in the introduction to 696. Unfortunately these new verses are much mutilated, and of the fourteen represented none is complete and the majority are obscure. So much, however, is evident, that the passage relates to Minos, whose love for some woman is described and the birth to them of a child, apparently the Minotaur. Presum-
the mother was who be named in 1. 2 but if the reference ably Pasiphae, may ; in 11. 14-17 is to the Minotaur, which can hardly be doubted, this was an unfamiliar version of the story. It would be natural, irrespective of the charac- teristic 8' to that the phrase 17 vTroKva-aixevi] (1. 15), suggest fragment comes from the Hesiodic KaraAoyo? TvvaiK&v, a work popular in Egypt. The adventures of Sarpedon, another of Europa's sons, are known to have been recounted in the third book (P. Oxy. 1358), and possibly those of Minos were dealt with there also.
S ety Ei8av 7re/z7re ap vvjjicpou . [
All . SegafxevaL Traa\J\ a[
S eiy . . ne/j.yjrai' [
KCLL T€ . [ ? 3 lines lost B 2 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI
• • • [ ]f/ *f0? [
• [ 3* R? ...'...[•..]. [
• Meil'Wl 7rCET • • TO [ ] [ iravres €7ret [ ]a Ka[
. . oy /cat e . . [ ] pp^r[
TT/y 8 ap [eu o] . . kcli r . ravpooi [. .]pip.€i>r]s peifxiSao [ Se no . . Meivcoi re/ce 15 rj [. .]p.€VT] /ca[ . . C7re . . Oavpa i[§€Lv] aptv yap po [ 7TO(5a at . ej/ . e*? ... p6e Kai | 1. EtSaf is for and looks but the final is presumably Ifyv, wpfyai S[e probable, vestige unrecognizable. 2. but the is and would be Possibly Iiao-[t]0a[r7, (f> questionable e.g. p easier; narpi, however, is not satisfactory. 12. Not ei»tp ncyapoi(Ti apparently; the doubtful 1 may be 1 letter is intention was to convert the to p, but this too is unintelligible. The following more like p than ». 1. S with viov at the end of the verse. 15. r) v7roK[vcra]pew7, e.g. Ka[pTepov 16. . but is unsuitable. Perhaps ] pa p,ev, K]apa 17. This line looks like a later addition and may well be by a different hand. It was begun rather farther to the right than the lines above, and the ink is of a lighter colour. 691. Lyric Extract. 104. 1 1-5 X 24-6 cm. Late third century b.c. These few lines, extracted perhaps from some lyrical composition (cf. e.g. 1), were written with a coarse pen in a somewhat ungainly hand. There is a broad margin below 1. 6, with which the column evidently ended : a narrow space above 1. 1 is inconclusive, and other lines may have preceded. How much is lost at the of the lines is not clear their would that beginnings ; length suggest the lacuna is not large, but restoration does not seem at all easy. ] . ve • (£)V . . 01s ] a-X P-tvec avpas ziriyXatiapevov [. .]ai8 692. NEW LITERARY FRAGMENTS 3 vanav coy ]io$ Tpeipei (j)i\ auOepa Scoparacr[ ? . 6ea ? ] epevyfictTi Kovcpr/pei vvpcpav OaXafiovs e77"£7re7rr[ . v S ov ] aWorpiois piyvvTCti povaav apovpais fJ-acr . acr . . . . kcli aKoaicri 5 ] Xr)y€T€ [xovcrav napacr^LV $rifii€ J*\rave• • • letter line is 1. 1. (Tr^-yXaicTfievov. The fourth from the end of the smudged and may viav was meant. have been corrected ; possibly 2. is a wide interval between vanav and cos which well Perhaps ]vos. There kt\., might be taken for an interlineation above 1. 3. The papyrus shows a clean vertical edge to the 11. 1 the final right, and 11. 1, 4, and 5 appear to be complete at the end, especially and 4, sigmas blank no further letters would therefore be being followed by an appreciable space ; expected at the ends of 11. 2-3. 3. Neither fpevypan Kovtyrjpei nor evy/xari k. is an attractive combination, and Kowfytjpr)? is elsewhere attested e-m should be written and con- apparently not ; perhaps separately nected with OaXcifMOw:. ' 4. This might be taken to mean He does not mix with strangers on the Muses' ' ' fields but is for -ait : he does not allow his muse to on ; perhaps aXXorpiois trespass another's ground'. ? that 5. <&ripu : is this an allusion to the Ithacan bard There is no external indication this word and the three last letters of 1. 4 are not an integral part of the text; it is hardly credible that they are an extraneous addition to be combined as fiXao-cprjpe. 692. Sophocles, Inachus. Fr. 1 cm. Second b.c. Ij, 8-5x21 century I Plate (Fr. 1, Cols, ii-iii). That the drama of which some exiguous remnants survive in this papyrus is to be recognized as the Inachus of Sophocles is at once suggested by the occurrence of that name in Col. iv, 1. 23. Of the construction of the Inachus there is not much to be gleaned from the few surviving fragments, which are all quite short (Pearson, Nos. 270-95). Argus watched like a herdsman over Io (Fr. 281), whose transformation into a cow seems to have been effected in the course of the action (Fr. 279). Hermes, sent as the agent of Zeus to rescue Io, and per- haps Iris as the messenger of Hera (Fr. 272), were introduced, and presumably Argus was eventually slain by Hermes, according to the ordinary story. What part was taken by the river-god Inachus, the father of Io, is unknown. The commonly accepted view that this was a satyric drama has been disputed by 53 iii. in d. 88 Bergk (Gr. Litterahirgesch. 441) and Wilamowitz (Einl. gr. Trag. ), but is cogently upheld by Pearson, Fragments of Sophocles, i. 198. B 2 4 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI Into these data the new fragments, so far as they go, fit very well. Unfor- tunately no specification of the dramatis personae occurs, but there are refer- ences suggestive of Argus (cf. i. 7, n.), and one of the characters is certainly ' ' Hermes, who is described as the messenger of the love of Zeus (ii. 6-7) and comes into conflict with the Chorus (iii. 4 sqq.). Moreover, Hermes wore the cap of Hades, which would be a natural means of eluding the vigilance of Argus. This interesting detail happens to supply a link with a well-known vase-painting at Naples discussed by J. Overbeck, Gr. Kunstmyth. i. 480 sqq., and illustrated in his Atlas, vii. 16. Hermes, wearing the Hades-cap and armed with a sword, is there depicted as about to attack Argus, who appears to be unconscious of of his presence. Io, represented as a maiden with the horns and ears of a cow, sits by equally unperturbed, and the only figure displaying any loss of equanimity is of the onset of has one two satyrs whom Hermes overthrown ; the other on the opposite side of the picture unconcernedly amuses himself with a hare. Accor- ding to Overbeck (following Grimaldi-Gargallo) the artist was here emphasizing the effectiveness of Hermes' disguise, and he suggested that the use of the cap of Hades, a trait nowhere mentioned in connexion with the myth of Io, was derived from some lost literary work. The postulated literary source is now forth- and more allusion for the coming ; what likely painting could be found than to the celebrated play of Sophocles? In the papyrus, certainly, Hermes has been the of but do not from recognized, notwithstanding cap invisibility ; we know what part of the play the passage comes, and the drawing perhaps represents a rather earlier stage in the action. A further point of connexion is the intro- 1 duction of the satyrs, for though there is no direct proof, there can be little doubt from the style of the new fragment, which recalls that of the Ichneutae, that they belong to a satyric drama. The tendency to colloquialism, of which instances may be recognized in ii. 1 Tiokvibpihas, 8 avrbv . . . iroba, 9 irplv pv 22 d)irov . . . aiafai, seems to have been stronger here than there, as might be expected from the probably later date of the Inachus. The lyric metres that occur, as in the Ichneutae, are of a simple kind, and, as there also, a dialogue is conducted partly by means of short lyrical passages. A considerable use is of made trochaic tetrameters (Cols, ii-iii). Of the three surviving fragments the largest contains the tops of three successive columns, and the ends of 27 lines from the upper part of another column are preserved in a second piece. That this is to be placed after the former is indicated by a comparison of 1. 22 with iii. 4, and it may well have been the next column. Fr. 3, not improbably the top of another column, is 1 In another vase-painting, referred to by Pearson, op. cit. p.. 199, satyrs hold back Hermes, who is attempting to kill Argus. 692. NEW LITERARY FRAGMENTS 5 insignificant. The small upright hand is to be referred to the second century B.C., to which the documents obtained from the same mummy belong, e.g. 783. Small oblique finials frequently attached to the bottoms of upright strokes to the of (p, t, &c.) give a rather ornate appearance. Owing partly running the ink and partly to damage to the surface of the papyrus, decipherment is in some parts difficult and uncertain. Paragraphi are employed, as usual, to mark a of in one an arrow-head the change speaker ; place (iii. a) apparently performs same function. A marginal sign of doubtful meaning occurs at iii. 1. Some insertions have been made by one or more secondary hands. We are indebted to Professor A. C. Pearson for valuable suggestions on this text. TEBTUNIS PAPYRI Col. i (Fr. i). 3 short lines lost av crvpiyy . [.]SeK\vco . . rr]v[. .]aty^occ[ 10 1 (?) lines lost ]fj.iro8igeTai e 3 /? 15 1" Col. ii (Fr. 1). Plate I. 7roXv7roXviSpiSas OTicroSzTrpoTepoov 0l'0fJ.eVCT€6p0€L TOvaiSoKvveas (TKOTOvapoTovvTrai Tov($io ei[.]acranrape SevT€povcnrovovcr€oiKa(T7rpivp.V(rcuK€i'Ovcre\cu' 10 coveo-opai? eiaTOKaraTToSe-^iv p.avLara8eK\veiv avyapovv^vXoyoov KaKocr€LTrLcrr€Q)a[ . . 15 8ia\r}6eo^X [ . . .]aov@o[ .]r]7Top7ra(popo9 692. NEW LITERARY FRAGMENTS Col. i. av adira^ avpiyyo[s] <5e kXvco Ta6fiov{. .].[•]•• H • • • * . . . ttjv [? fid]aiv (3ou>[v 10 lost a (?) lines k~\piro8i^Tai ]epa> 15 Col. ii. noXv rroXvLSpiSas oris oSe Trporipcov ovopi eu ae Opotl tov 'AiSoKvveas VTTOU. 5 (TKOTOV apOTOV rbv Albs p.ev ovv epeoToov d[yy]eXov, p.kyav Tpoyj.v. rd ad el[K]daai rrdpeaTLv 'Epfirjv rrp[b]s ^o^r\p.aTa avrbv ovtol a\ avrbv 09 p.ov Sevp' dviaTptyj/ev noSa. Ktvovs kXdv. SevTepov?, ttovovs eoiicas Trpiv p.vaai 10 u>v taopas €ll/ eiy to KdTa noS '^X fxavia rdSe KXvetv. av yap ovv, Zev, Xoycov kcckos d 7riaT€00$ 81' d 15 X V foojSAajSfr ] [ ]aov/3o[ ]V TTOpTTOLCpopoS 8 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI Col. iii (Fr. i). Plate I. }• ylriTypavfxaXaioXa[.] navra air fir] y^av o8iovooar[ TjparayaSLoa-av SioaapaXaTpicroSe 5 €mp:€7ro8avep:ei €fJ.e)(€paKOfl.l€l fieyaSeoo-apaftei Toov€vavTLcovroTapfi[ 10 Ta>yKaTa>Sto(r(paXayy[ 8(op.aTO)i>yei/jLT]a7r€Xai[ Trov8e)(prj7ro8aaTaTi^€[ 7rpotr . . . coa p.r]T coKaycouo[ . . . 15 prjXeya [.]eKKopvyr) [ mCop-atXa . pi/x[ Col. iv (Fr. 2). . . TCttTToSl ] . . . COL . . ] pool ]yoi7ror[ . . . ] 8eTovap . . . . . . . . ] y rem . ar^y ].[..]./:. 9 .[ . . . TO. . ] [ . . . ] [.}yypTT€T[ ) IO ) } ]aptar«[ ] , ]apio [.]aSow 692. NEW LITERARY FRAGMENTS Col. iii. •tyiQvpdv fj.d\' alo\a\y\ Ttdvra p.r\yava. to Aiov ftW[ Aibs av 77 pa rdya ; A los dpa Xdrpis 6'<5e. 7r6(5a e^(€ //€• vefiti. fikya Sios dpaftei. Tcov kvavTiasv to Tap(3[o$ ro t<£i/ KaTco Aibs (f>a\dyy\a>v el SeofiaTCov y' fir] VeAafy ttov 8k xprj noSa aTaTi^e[iu npoa ... coy a . . k< 15/177 Aey' [.] Kopvvqs [ otgofiai \a . pi//[ Col. iv. . . Tdl TToSl ] . . . (O . . ] /Oft) ]fCU 7TOr[ SeTOVS . . . 1 p ]• V • . . re7R . arryy ]•[• ....o.[ . . . ra . [ ]...[ VVV 7T€r[ 10 a/)£crre[ . J .... 8' ov. ] apio\f\a IO TEBTUNIS PAPYRI 15 . €^€UpOVO0fiOTT]TaT[ K . . . T . 7TT}aOfJ. [ cvSoit a . evaofi€v8o[ ...... k . ai^prjae ^e apeyv . . rjcpvcraaayi] 20 ovTnreiOeaOaiKaXoocr TauTafirjXe^r) icnrXeoo 7rov^ijvoaaia^aiXarpL[ yrape(TTLViva-)(a)iXoy\_ ]oXLyouia-^y€i(TO/j.[ 1 . . . 8v VTO(TT\ . ] eaau8p[ Fr. 3. ]..[..]... raa ] XaTpiV . . . . (TK 3 ..'•'[.]. i. 5. Either cV\(Taira£ or Is anat;. 7. The second y appears to have two cross-bars; perhaps the cross-bar was originally placed too low and so rewritten higher. An a is possible as the next letter, but o-vpiyya 8e does not fill the space. The metre in either case is obscure. The mention of a pipe here, with and in 11. well suits the Inachus cf. Aesch. Prom. o-Ta6jj.ov[ /3oa)[i> 8—9, ; 574 KrjpoTrXaa-Tos " Schol. iv kcli abovra avrbv tov schol. Ar. OTofiei bova£ and So^okA^s 'iw^m (sc. Apyov) eladyet, Eccl. 80 fiovKuXe'iv 8e us rrjv 'lu> 6 ".\pyos iv 'lvdx ii. 1-15. (Chorus) 'Wisest of the wise is he, whoever he be of the men of old, who meetly calls thee by the name of the infernal darkness of the Hades-cap. (Hermes) Nay, rather the mighty courier of Zeus, his love's messenger. (Ch.) Having regard to your bombast one may guess that you are indeed Hermes, who has brought me footing it back here. (H.) Methinks that in the twinkling of an eye you will set out on another useless task. (Ch.) For keeping on the track of a quarry in sight it is madness to listen to these words. For thou, O Zeus, art indeed a perverter of true speech, because of this heaven- inflicted trouble.' 1-5. Unless the form w w— is admissible in dochmiacs, it seems best to regard these lines as anapaestic monometers, with resolution in the first anapaest four times. 692. NEW LITERARY FRAGMENTS n . 15 ] igevpov cofioTTjTa r[e k . . . r . ^nrjcrop. [ 8' ovt' ~\ov dXevaopev 6o[ . at ere . . . . . k . ] yjpr] ^ecr [ ]apevv . . 7] (pvaacra yfj 20 ]ovtl neidecrOaL /caXco? ravra TrXkco ] /xf] Xe£r)$ ei\irov Zrjvbs aid£ai Xd,Tpi[u J napeaTiv 'Iud^cp Xoy[o? I oXiyov iayyeis op[oo? . . . . Svvtos 25 ] t[ . ] €crai>8p[ ]to. .[ Ft. 3. ] Xdrpiv ]....$ KaXcos is metre as well as sense for no\vi&pi8as as nom. sing, thus commended by ; though synapheia is broken in the same metre in iii. 4-7, that may there have been excused by a change of speaker. There would then be no connexion between the present passage and Etym. M., to ka\ p. 42. 41 (Soph. Fr. 953, Nauck) ap,dpTr]p.a TTapa rfj 2an(pol no\vi8pi8i, irapa 2o(po<\fl cf. on r 6 'I8pi8a (7To\vi8pi8a, Etym. Flor. Milleri); Schol. A Homer 219 yap 2o(p. I8pi8a ecprj cf. Ac/tarn. rrjv alriaTiKrjv. For some analogous comic patronymics Aristoph. 595-7. 68e may be supposed to mean Argus, who apparently had somehow been made aware of the Hades-cap and had addressed its wearer in the terms of 11. 4-5. aporov virai at the end of the latter line is taken as an adjectival attribute of 1 8vu'"A'i8os '1801 but For 'Ai8oKweas cf. e.g. Homer E 844-5 'A^ "? xvverjv, pr) piv o{$ptfj.os"Apr]S, the as the compound is new. irporepav seems to imply that Argus was regarded by Chorus : 1 tov 8e crov ovk av Or should the 7. yjso(prip.aTa cf. Soph. Aj. IIl6— 7 ^Ao\j/ov (TTpacpelrjv. word be understood to imply that Hermes was still invisible and only audible ? 8. avrbv . . . TTo8a : a colloquialism for which cf. avroiro8r]Ti, avTcmo8iq. 12 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI 10-15. There is considerable obscurity here, and the translation offered above is no more than The metre of 11. *^ ctc? ^^- ^— which recurs in iii. 1 the tentative. 11-15, , (if first of is is is a syllable atoAa[i>] shortened), unusual; Eur. El. 726 = 737 parallel. 16. nop7ra iii. 1. yjnrvpav seems to have been written for tyi6-. Perhaps the marginal sign, which consists of a short curved stroke with a dot to the right of the top, was connected with the mistake. ' devises all 2-8. (Hermes ?) Zeus means [to accomplish his will]. (Chor.) Is it then perchance again from Zeus ? So this is the servant of Zeus ! He is coming against me. Hold me, he is coming. He will carry off my hand. My teeth chatter with a great fear.' 2. E.g. &o[ff a Pov\(Tai TeXel^ (Pearson). 3 sqq. A series of disjointed sentences, which were perhaps spoken by different members of the Chorus this as in the ii. account ; supposition, remarked note on 1-5, would for the neglect of synapheia. 5. For TToSa vepei (or vepe't ?) cf. Pindar Nem. Vi. 1 5 ebv noba vepav. 6. This line was dropped owing presumably to the homoeoteleuton. It is hardly to be regarded as a variant of 1. 5, for which the insertion of the two letters xf above in would have sufficed. The is en was not written. x probable ; epe apparently 7. On the analogy of such phrases as Soph. Phil. 1301 pedes pe . . . x eiPa this should mean 'he will drag my hand away with him '. The supposed p of icopiei is unsatisfactory; it would naturally be taken for a v, but icoviei, if it gave a good sense, would be excluded by the metre. 8. For the translation suggested cf. Homer K 375-6 {SapfHalvav, apafios Be 81a aropa ytyver odovrcov, ^Xwpoy vnat Sfiovs. 9. A change of speaker seems probable here, though it is more likely than not that the was as at ii. the have been paragraphus omitted, 5-6 ; paragraphus may placed by mistake below 1. 7. Who the interlocutors are in the following dialogue is not clear. Perhaps they are Silenus and Hermes. in- 16. 0'iCopai, if right, is apart from Apollonius Dyscolus (Anecd. Bek. 538) the only stance of the which is in with 8v iv. of a 5. enia-TCLTrjs looks likely, but the space is insufficient except on the supposition of fibres of sheets at this slight displacement some upper ; there was a junction two point. But fivqs could be read in place of arrjs. 12. This line and 1. 14 are in a larger and less well-formed hand, apparently different from that of the inserted line iii. 6. d\e : X to a short 17. vaopev (?) the is suitable, and with this reading what seems be dash the line the t a is for but a\eva> in the oblique above between and accounted ; trage- dians has hitherto been confined to lyric passages. 8' 6W may of course be 86vt. 18. The doubtful f may be £, preceded perhaps by e. ev t 19. y]ap vtv suggests itself, but the is very questionable. 22. Cf. iii. dative. 4. ei]irov alai-ai is a variant of olpa>(eiv \eyeiv. Perhaps XaVpi, Pr. 3. Line 1 of this small fragment was either the first or second of a column, unless the lines were shorter but the breadth of the blank to the preceding appreciably ; space right indicates that they were themselves short lines, or at any rate not tetrameters. 693. NEW LITERARY FRAGMENTS 13 693. Extract from a Comedy. 104. Height 36-7 cm. Late third century b.c. The verso of the sheet containing 769 is inscribed with remains of two columns, the first of which, forming the third of 769, mentions the nth and 12th years, more probably of Euergetes I than of Philopator. At the top of the second stands similar but much mutilated draft and below this are column another ; the following 28 trochaic tetrameters, written with a coarse pen and difficult to decipher owing partly to the cursiveness of the hand, partly too to the discolour- ation of the papyrus and other damage. Since, moreover, the ends of the verses are lost throughout, the text is in a very unsatisfactory state, and much remains at present unintelligible. Apparently the lines are an extract from the con- is to cluding scene of a comedy. A marriage about be celebrated (1. 1), and the speaker, presumably the father of the bride, specifies certain gifts, including a it is to piece of land (1. 6), which natural suppose formed her dowry. Further on, after a very defective and obscure passage, mention is made of various which well be connected with the viands (11. 19-22), may wedding festivity. The last line is preceded by a paragraphus marking a change of speaker: whether the extract ended here or was continued in another column is unknown. [ ere . [e]w ayaOais r]8r) Tv^aicriv irpos [ . woXeiTcov cra>v [. .] eyco yap ov7ro\a(3[cov . . cr . . KO.I tcov ep.ov StSeofii. eficov [ a aoL kccl . . v . . . . v . 5 [..]... SiScofj.i [ . . S tov [. .]a €7ri8iSa>/j.i aypov ov[ .[..].... 9 [xol 7T/J0? ere K[a\ npos tov Bioov[a v navTos ieT 10 a Sikclov yue . . . ov7ro\a/3(o[v cr iv Tponois e\atpov €virop[ tcci? evecrTL . . . e . StaTpi(3aicri.v [ e . . 0? ov oulT. vopcov ypacpaicriv .T]| tcuv e . . SiKaia . ofioLoov yap 6[. .]a [ (TTi v . . . . k . . 15 nepi v er . . v koivos . epou kov^ [ (X . . criv eicr . . . vvr\ to irapov evn[. .]ve7rapo . . i^ofx-qv &..[.].[ a . . ovcos gk . . . Seat . . . v . . crKopoov a@ [^Xav [ p 20 . tt[i\kplolov K^J^Xiov enyi^f /3oA/3o? errixopev [ crevTXiou tlv . . . pvQp.ov iyev ULTLvrjcra 0? Trap [ ravra Kai Tocravra emiSr] irap^avr] KaXo[ ayados Saifxoov aXrj . . y /ecu to tov fiaWavT^ov 25 avSpe? a>v xPV crT0 $ ev 6tov$ €7reKa\ovfxe[v ... re tov iraTpos 0tAo? ti? KaTaye\acrTao~[ TTpOTCpOV OVV OVK CLV TTaOoL TTjV CTKiav €0[ . . . . Ovos af e TroXXa [.] arrp 7rpoa[. ,]oy X P 7ra[ 6. Perhaps [raurja. 10. The fifth letter from the initial a seems to be an alteration of e to 1 or vice versa. letter the 6 like w 14. The before supposed looks or r). 1 7. Round brackets like that prefixed to this verse are commonly employed for the purpose of cancellation. 1 18. seems more probable than p before x '• perhaps eixop-qv or ootxopnv. 19-22. Cf. Aristoph. Fr. 180. 1 /3oA/3dr, revrXlov, Mnesim. Hippotroph. (Meineke, Com. Gr. Fr. iii. 569), /3oX/3dy, e\da, 24. 1. uyados . . . dXrjdas ? The letters after aXrj look like pos, and if 6as was intended the writer was more careless than usual. fiaXXav (or -Xov) seems to have been corrected from : first is (3aXav the first letter is hardly 6, though this at sight suggested. 26. r of m is apparently written through o. The last letter of the line may be S. 27. ttjv o-Kiav is unmetrical. 694. NEW LITERARY FRAGMENTS 15 694. Treatise on Music. 6 Fr. 1 18-5x20-6 cm. 3rd cent. b.c. Plate I Cols, (Fr. 1, ii-iii). These fragments from a treatise on music, though unfortunately small, have a value as emanating, apparently, from a school not represented in the extant works on the subject. An indication of the writer's affinity is afforded by the occurrence of the technical terms hi 6£ei£>v and : — Nicomachus, Enchir. 9, who quotes a passage from Philolaus dp\xovias (i.e. octave, bid Traa-Qv) 8e p-eyedos cruAAa/3a kch 81' 6£eidv. to Se bi dfeiav p.ei£ov ras (TvWafias eTToySo'a)' lori yap and vTrdras els p.4aav ' The writer subsequently proceeds to subtract by concord' (bid avpcf)covias) two tones from the avKkafir] or interval of a fourth, leaving an interval less than a tone (11. 24 sqq.). Since the difference between the intervals of the fourth and the fifth was a tone, such subtraction could easily be effected by constructing the interval of a fifth above the lower note and then descending a fourth from the note so obtained. By applying this process to the interval of a fourth, two whole tones may be removed, leaving a smaller interval (Aet/x//a, bieo-is, later, in- accurately, r)fxiT6viop). Similarly, three tones can be subtracted from the interval of a fifth, and the same Xetppa remains. Thus the octave, being the sum of a fourth and a fifth, consists of 5 tones and 2 equal \dpp.aTa. If the remainders were half tones, the octave would contain 6 tones in all. Aristoxenus held that they were true half tones, but he receives no support from other Greek writers on who maintain the view which it is natural to music, energetically contrary ; sup- pose would be shared by an authority who employs the technical language of Pythagoras and Philolaus. A statement to that effect may actually occur in Fr. 5. Probably then the present passage was part of his proof that two so-called semitones were not equivalent to a tone. He cannot merely be giving a con- struction of the diatonic scale of the octave, since he divides the tetrachord upwards with the semitone at the top, whereas in a properly divided tetrachord 16 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI the semitone is the lowest of the intervals (cf. P. Oxy. 667, init.). The steps specified in 11. 24 sqq. may be expressed in modern notation thus : — :q: : QI § :|^1- :q: -«s<- # V The script is a good example of the early bookhand, similar in type to the Petrie Phaedo, though less compact. As in that papyrus, the square E some- times side side with the rounded form an archaic is also appears by ; ( (I) noticeable in 1. 50. There is a good deal of variation in the. length of the lines. A coronis in the margin at 1. 25 recalls the bird-like shape seen in the Timotheus papyrus, forming a link between that symbol and, e.g., the coronis at the end of P. Brit. Mus. 134 and the analogous developments of the Roman age. Letters representing musical notes are commonly enclosed between double dots, but the second pair is not infrequently omitted, and sometimes both pairs are dispensed with. The earliest dated document accompanying 694 was 821 of the fourth year of Epiphanes, but 694 seems likely to be older than this by half a century at least. On the verso is some much damaged cursive writing, in more than one column, perhaps a copy of official correspondence, written in a hand suggest- ing a date not very late in the third century. Fr. 1. Col. i. . €Tai . erai ] ] ](paipov/j.evov a}fyaipov\xkvov }ti }tl ]tol ]tol ]Trpoa$ev 5 iixfrpoaOev ] ] 8ei ri ]oi>8ei .[....]..[.. .]a(jovTL ~\ov .[....].. [? tXa^aaov . \<£><$ <5e Slcc ]i(oa-8eSiacrvp[. ,]iacr avfj[(p(Di>]ia$ }(Paipovp.tvov a\<^aipovp\^vov 10 10 to Se jeoraiTo^e ] 'iarai, Sea ] Se [St' o£et]coj> p Trpbs v, 6Y dub tov ]8io£eiooP(nTOTOV [tov <5e] 6£eia>i> 15 ]cova(p[.]ipe8euTocr 15 [81a naa\ociv d Fr. 2 + Fr. 1, Col. ii. Plate I. to ]Xa(3rjT0Tr)cr;p.: [AetVexai cnAjAa/S?) ttjs p. v Kal ndXiv "\t7 paKanraXiv [Trpbs 8idcTT]r)pa. 81 ]vcrv\\a(3r]i> [dirb d£eia>]v o~vXXa(37)i/ ]ava(peXoo [ k~\dv dcpiXco- 20 ]a\cu8r] 20 [p*v, carat tovo$ ?. Tr\dXiv St) • • • • • • • • • Kal [ .~\vKatcrv\\a(3[. .] [8id Tra(TCd\v o~vXXa(3[r)] to [ ]io£€ia>v . Sid ocrov H> Sia(TVfx(pa)i>La(Ta)(pio(rova[. ] avpcpcavias cc^pi d[v eAacrcrcoat'Toi/Ai7r77tco5e eXdaaco avTov Xinfji, &6V ecrrco 81' eo"Ta)<5io£eicoiv[t\-] Trpoo~;£ ogeimv [v] irpos £. . Sid [. .] rjvirpoa.-^.-SiaTeacrapwv [dp\)(jiv Trpbs £ Tto~o~dpa>v o' otl 30 €i\r) n KaiTTfiy. .] j£irj) 5ia[- .]. . o Si it Kal TT]V:o8lO^€t(tiUri:^C)\\SrjXoi'87]OTL tt)i> dgeicov t) 7rp[bs] [p] Sid [rejo-crapcoi/ (?)• SfjXop St) otl 7ra\iva,WocrTOVO(r;oTrpo .Icucrcocrre tovoi . . cocrre [.]i»oToi'O£a0»7tp7j[. ...].[.. [S]vo d(prjp7)[vTai\ [. ,]ois ...... 7TT . . . . [ ]V0VT0 [.J7TT [ ]V0VT0 [.] ziT) dv. SijXos [ ]crr]i€iriai'8rj\ocra[. .] [ ]arj d[pa] eCTTLV CO? [.]Tpoiro(T€(rTU' 40 a[.]ct(paip€ Fr. i. Col. iii. Plate I. [•] •.'?•[ 43 5° 55 60 65 694. NEW LITERARY FRAGMENTS !9 8' kcrrlv 8cd ]tl/€aTLy8iacrVfjL(pa)u[ TrdX\iv ]£€i . . . . ] [.]v\\apr] Fr. 5. . tov oid TTacra>v ]r)aa [ ? cri/AAa/3]??? ct7r[6 ? ]rai8io[ ]ycoi>a7rorrja[ ? 8vo To\v(£iv diTo r^y [crvXXa(3fi$ . ? . y ] eXacr[. .]vXeur[ ] eXacr[cro]i/ Aenrferai Fr. 6. ][ . . T0VT0V TOV ] TOVTOVTOv[ ] j royotf ]TOVoveXao~o-[ j 'iXaaa\ov Fr. 7. Col. i. Col. 1". . . . . tyOetO- [ ]00€«T [ . . . . kv Ttt> ] ei>T(t>iXei({)6ei'Ti ] XsHpOkvTi \-TLT0vyap ]ti, tov yap Col. ii. Col. ii. . . . . avXXa(3r] [ avXXa(3r] [ 8e . . a7roAe[ 8e . . a7roAe[ C 2 20 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI Fr. 8. Col. i. Col. i. to. Tafj.ep€fnrpocrda(pr}Lpr]fMet/a p\v efnrpoaO' d^rjp-qpkva . . . To8io£tia>vaTTOTov . . . to Si o^eioov diro tov [8ia TTaCTGCtV Col. ii. Col. ii. • • Kanrpo[ KCUI npo[ Fr. 9. ovra>cra\ ovTcos a[ Fr. 10. Toenofji[ to kirop\evov ? Fr. II. . . ~\ovcova.p [ -]6v(ov ap [ Fr. 12. ].[.].[.. .)jr](T ].[].[• -fa* 1 . . a ... co . . a . . . to ] of 2 lines. Fr. 13. Col. i, slight vestiges 694. NEW LITERARY FRAGMENTS 21 Col. ii. • • • a[ a[ a[ a[ 1. Perhaps Xet]n-eTai. cf. 1. and Frs. 6. 7. For [eXa](To-oi» 27 5. 4, 3. 10. This is a short line, and possibly a few letters after roSe have disappeared. v to i> be a if the fifth 12-36. 'Let v to be an octave, and p. fifth; be taken from the octave there remains a fourth, the interval p to v. Again, if we subtract from the fifth a fourth, the remainder will be a tone. [A tone may thus be subtracted from any interval a fifth and then a fourth since the octave and the fourth and the fifth by rising falling ; and] it is that it has been taken and subtracted concords. [are concords], evident (the tone) by Let us then subtract a tone from the fourth by concords until an interval less than a tone o is in this : v to be a fifth then first let be taken at a fourth to : it is left, way Let £ ; £ clear that one tone, that of v to o, has been subtracted. Again, let ir to o be a fifth and it o to p a fourth : it is clear that again another tone, to p, has been subtracted. Therefore two tones have been subtracted from the fourth . . .' 16 sqq. The position of Fr. 2 at the top of Fr. 1. ii. is clearly indicated by the sense. How many lines are missing between 1. 20 and the first line of Fr. 1. ii. is uncertain, but there were not less than the lines below 1. 20 were shorter than probably 7 ; immediately those preceding. On the right-hand edge of the papyrus opposite 1. 20 there is a curved in to the next column it is different from the coronis at I. mark referring some way ; 25. 20. XeineTai tovos is too long for the lacuna unless the supplements of the preceding v tov 81 in 11. lines are correspondingly lengthened, e.g. by writing rffv and o^eicov 17, 18. like iirei tlo-l to 81a is to be restored. 21. Something avfx(paviai 7rao-a>]i> 33. Apparently it was written instead of p in the interlinear insertion, just as the second :o below was originally written in place of :tt. There is some indication that the in- dis- correct it was crossed through, and a p, which was presumably substituted, may have appeared above it. reo-o-apav is required after ha, but the blurred marks at the end of the line cannot be said to suggest those letters. lines has at 41-3. A strip containing the remains of these three some time been joined to the main fragment by means of adhesive paper. It is of course quite possible that there were originally decisive indications of its position here, but this now looks very question- able, since there is a blank space below 1. 43, although the surface is apparently intact. What is left of 11. 41-3 would therefore be more suitable as ends than as beginnings of lines. The verso is inconclusive. 50. C being preceded by double dots should be a musical note, but the reference is obscure. the number of tones in the six 53. e£ : the writer was presumably referring to octave, to but less in cf. introd. according Aristoxenus, reality ; 1. of the letter after t do not 55. Perhaps dnTaicai8[(Ka : cf. 61. The slight vestiges suggest a S but are not inconsistent with it. 22 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI 57. Kal should be followed by whichever of the words for semitone, Xeipfia, tUats, writer. If is in Fr. one of the other two rjniroviov, was employed by the fjfitTo]uiov right 5, would rather be expected here. letter after o or not otherwise 63. Both here and in Fr. 10 the was apparently p. v, y, : i.e. a would be an obvious word in this context. (7r6y[8oov, 9 8, tone, Fr. 4. 2-4. This passage is practically a repetition of Fr. 1, 14-16. The interlinear 5 at 1. 2 was very possibly inserted by a different hand. In 1. 4 on the left-hand edge of the papyrus some ink somewhat above the line may represent another interlinear insertion. to have been a line was Further on, the word o-vWaPr) seems mistakenly repeated ; appar- X ently drawn through the later letters, but that it was carried to the left of the second is not clear. Fr. 5. The process described in the first two lines of this fragment appears to have been the converse of that in Fr. 4, dfaipedeio-qs being supplied before o-v\\ap]ijs. What 8i 8vo but this be a than follows suggests d(f)aipedei>T Fr. 10. Cf. Fr. 1, 63, n. 695. List of Tragedians. II. Fr. 1 5*6 x 7-3 cm. Late third century b.c. Parts of two columns from a list of tragic poets, carefully written in a clear semi-cursive hand. Dated documents accompanying these fragments were not prior to the reign of Epiphanes, but they may themselves be somewhat earlier. At any rate they certainly afford more ancient testimony to the currency of such products of Alexandrian erudition than the papyrus giving lists of artists, engineers, Sec, which was published by Diels in 1904 (L aterculi Alexandrini'm. Abh. Berl. Akad.). The present list was also a more scientific compilation than those, being both thorough and comprehensive. It gives, besides the names of the poets, their birthplaces and the number of the tragedies which they com- what is of the three whose names are posed ; and, especially remarkable, preserved, Amymon, Democrates, Moschus, none was previously known as a tragedian. Its arrangement, however, seems not to have been very methodical, for the names were not in alphabetical order, and though two Sicyonian poets occur together they are followed by a native of Lampsacus. Whether merit was a factor in the disposition cannot be determined. Perhaps the index tragiconim mentioned in Cicero's Hortensius (cf. Ouintil. x. i. 57) was something of this kind. Col. i. • •••••• ovtos e]7T0Lr]ae ezrra [TpaycoiSias ] 696. HOMERIC FRAGMENTS 23 Attikos] €k Qopi [kou OVTOS zTTOirjcre Tpayeo]i8ias Col. ii. • ••«•• 2lKVQ> l>lO$ 0VT09 5 AfXV/lOOV L €7T0lT](rC rpaycoiSias [ AiifioKpaTr]? 2ik[v Moayos Aap.yjraKrivos ol>t[o? €7roi]rjae 10 rpaycoiSias TpiaKovr[a . . . [. .jr. [ letters are a small detached 9. The ^o-e on fragment (Fr. 2), which may be placed here with probability. II. HOMERIC FRAGMENTS 696. Homer, Odyssey i. 126. Fr. 1 8-6 x 12 cm. Second century b.c. A welcome accession to the early Ptolemaic evidence for the Odyssey is found in the following fragments and the more substantial remains of S-e in 697. The present papyrus consists of three pieces which do not join, the first two last forming Col. i, of which Fr. 2 gives part of the three lines, and the third containing what is left of Col. ii. If the normal text was followed in 11. 93-6, one verse is lost between Frs. 1 and 2 but the of the only ; height column would then have been unusually small, the inscribed surface not exceeding about 1 1«5 cm., or approximately the breadth of 11. 81-2, and since some MSS. insert two additional lines after 1. 93 it seems quite possible that a lengthier passage stood here in the papyrus. On the other hand a column of about 20 24 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI lines is a suitable for the 80 verses most divisor preceding Col. i, unless serious additions occurred there also. A date fairly early in the second century B.C. is indicated by the slightly sloping and not very regular script. Col. i is much discoloured and the appearance of the surface in both columns rather suggests use smaller has been off. previous ; some writing perhaps washed from this the text was not accurate a verse To judge specimen very ; new after 1. 92 is the principal feature of interest. In collating 696-7 we have utilized T. W. Allen's edition, but the MSS. are cited according to the lettering of Ludwich. The verso contains 690. Col. i (Frs. 1-2). a 81 <*> narep T^erepe [KpouiSrj vn]aT€ KpeiovT(o[v €t vvv dtotcri fieu Sr) tovt[o (piXov\ paicapecrcn [ voaT-qaai OSvarja [7ro]\v[(p]poi>a ov8t 8o[pov8e Epp.€iap. [/*eV enctra StaKTopov ap[yei(povTT]i> 85 vqaov ey flyvyir\v OTpvvojxev ottl ra\y^iara vvjMpr) €i^7r\oK]afio)i €nrr]i vqpeprea /3[ovXr]u voaTov O[8vacrr]\os TaXacncppovos avrap €y[eov I\6a kcll 01 p.aXXov [eTr}orpvv(o p.€vo? ep. (p[pecn Oeia) 90 [ety ayoprjv KaXe]aavra Kaprj Kop.oa>PT[as A^oaovs [navi p.vr\ [p.r]X aSiva a a f 92 [p.rjTpo? €T)S pL^vrjarrjp^ ?y[ ]' [X]f/T[77S' (3aaiXeir]9 8 re JJvXov 93 [7T€p.^ra> ey ^7rap]Tt]v K.[ai ey r]p.a6oei>Ta \yoarov 7revcropeuo]v 7r[ar/Ooy (friXov t]v nov aKovaiji 95 [ nocrcriv eo[y enrovcr vno eSrjcraro xaXa neSiXa apfipoo\ia )(]p[vcr€ia ra pnv tj8 €7T aneipova yaia\y ap,a ttvoltjls avep.010 Col. ii (Fr. 3). [eiXtro] 8 aXKLp.ov ey^oy aKa\\p.evov o£u ^aXKCoi 100 [fipidv p]*ya (JTifiapov rm 8ap.vr]\(n art^ay avSpoov 697. HOMERIC FRAGMENTS 25 rjpaxov t[o\l(tiv re KorecrcraTO o(3pinoTr[arpr] 8e [/S77 ko\t Ov\vp.TTOLO Kapr)vc&v ai£[a : so &c. others. 83. [7ro]\v[<£]poi'a FPH, ; Salcppova 85. otti'. o 91. 1. anenreip : airenrep.(V MSS. Cf. 697 e 99. a. first cf. a 8 92 A new line, for the part of which 368, 321 (xrjTpos efirjs fivrjarripes, and for the conclusion e.g. p 370. 94. Only slight vestiges of the tops of letters remain, and it would be equally possible to 8 the first of in read \Ko.8ev « Kpirrfy r[e kt\, the two additional verses inserted here some MSS. But a longer addition may be suspected : cf. introd. 97-102. These verses were athetized by Aristarchus. IOI. KOTecrcraro : KOTeaoerai rightly MSS. 697. Homer, Odyssey iv, v. JJ. Col. i 9-3 x 8 cm. Second century b.c. Plate II (Cols, iii-v, vii). Of nine successive columns only one is unrepresented in these fragments from a roll containing Homer 5, e. They show an unusual amount of variation in handwriting. A good literary type, upright and regular, is seen in Cols, iii-iv (cf. Plate II). Col. i is generally similar, though with a tendency to cursive forms and this becomes in the last lines of v. ; tendency accentuated eight Col. From this point the cursive style is continued to the lower part of Col. ix, where between 11. 240 and 248 there was a return to a formal script like that of Cols, iii-iv, but larger. Perhaps a second scribe should be recognized in Cols, v-ix, but it seems questionable. The variation of hand makes responsi- bility for the occasional interlinear additions more than usually difficult to assign, but a few may well be secondary. To the same cause may be attributed some differences in the length of columns, for whereas Cols, iii-v consist of 38 or 39 lines, Col. ix, where the writing becomes larger, has 36. But it hardly accounts for the high average of 43 in Cols, vi-vii, where the lines are not more closely than in the columns some omissions occurred spaced preceding ; possibly here. The evidence of this manuscript, as of 696, was utilized by Mr. T. W. Allen in his second edition of Homer in the Oxford Classical Texts, but at that time it had not been sufficiently studied, and several of the readings which are there attributed to it are untenable cf. nn. on e text ; 29, 52, 1040, 236, 254-5. The 26 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI ' ' is decidedly of the eccentric kind commonly seen in the Homeric papyri of the earlier Ptolemaic period, although an exception has lately appeared in the fragments of the Odyssey recently edited by O. Gueraud {Rev. de l'£g. anc. i. 88 sqq.), which approximate to the vulgate. In that example the percentage of new verses is no more than 1-5, whereas in the present papyrus, though of later date, there are 16 in 162 lines, which is almost as high a percentage as in P. Hibeh 23. On the other hand only one line, e 30, is definitely known to have been left out as mentioned a of the of the ; but, above, comparison length columns points to some omissions between e 116 and 184. e 21 is entirely transformed, and other more or less considerable variants which have not elsewhere been recorded are not infrequent; cf. nn. on e 8, 13, 52, 60, 100, 106, 108, 112, 135, 139, 215, 226, 233, 252, 254-5, 260. As usual, they are seldom of much value at € 8 a of is e ;- conjecture Nauck supported, and the order given to 254-5 and the avoidance in the former verse of the repetition of ttoulv are not un- attractive. In a few places, 8 806, e 50, 232, the ordinary reading has been above a the reverse is seen in 8 800. of superscribed novelty ; process Some the variations, e.g. those in e 99, in, 134, and perhaps 260, are attributable to inaccurate copying; cf. the evident errors in b 809, e 14, 17, 23,98, 102, 229, 258. Col. i. 8 796 [eiSooXov iroi-qae Sefxas 8] tjikto y\v\v[ai\Ki [ [IcpOifirji Kovprji fx]€ya\[r)Top]os iKapioio [r-qv EvfirjXos] oiTvie $[epr]LS e]vL o[i]Kia vamv [7T€p.7re <5e p.i\v rrpo? 8[cop]aT OSvacrtios 6eioio KdTO, 0U(1OV , 800 [7709 TL-qvekorf\eLav o8vp[op]ei r)i' yoaaxrav [navcreiey] K\av$[p.]oio y[o]oio re [8]aKpvoeuTOS [ey 6a.Xap.ov 8 ei]o~r)Xde napa kXt][i]Sos ipavra, 8 kcci [crrt] ap virep K}€ [evSeis TL-qve\\ oaTijxos ov8 entL €ti [kXolulv aKa\yr}a6ai p vr)n[io]s £ 810 [tl7tt€ Kaaiyv]r]TT] Sevp 7]Xv6es ov tl irapos ye 697. HOMERIC FRAGMENTS 27 iroXXou [ncoXeai eirei /xa]Xa a[7TOTrpo6]i 8 Col. ii lost. Col. iii. Plate II. 01 ecov ev e 6 [nvqaajxevq f*]eXe yap Soofiacri vv/xtprj^ [Zev irarep 7]S a]XXoi /za/capey deoi aitv eoyrey tis £Ti [fit] TTpo\(ppcov ayavos firjS tjttlo? eirj [crKr)iTTOvyos (3ao-]iXevs /j.r]8e (pptariv aiaijxa et&oy koli aicrvXa 10 [aXX aui ^aXeiros r] eirj pefoc ov [coy tls p.ep.u]r]Tai OoWcreioy Oeioio [Xaoov oicriv avao~cr\e Trarrjp 8 coy t]ttios qcv o ei> [aXX /X€U vrj]crcoi pn/iisti xpccTep aXyea nao-^wv €v ov [vvfX(pr}$ p.i\yapoLcn KaXvtyovs p.iv avayKrji ov 15 [tcr^ei 8 oWarjcu r\v rrarpiSa yatav iKeaOai [ov yap 01 napa vrf^'s €7rrjp€TfJ.oi Kai eraipoi [ol Key fiif nefj.TT\oiev an evpea vara [0]aXao~o-r)$ \yvv av naiS ayan]r)TOv airoKTtivai fieixaacri[v 8 [oiKaSe vlo~o[1€vo\v e/3ri yuera Tra,T[p\o$ a[K0vqv 20 [ey TLvXov r]ya6]erjv rj8 e[y AaKe8aip.ova 8iav [ttjv 8 rjp,ei(3er e]neiTa [Tr]a[rr]p av]8poo[v re 6ea>v re [T€KVOV €fiOV 7TOLo]v «T6 tTTOS (f)Vy€V ep/Co[? o8]o[vTC0V [ov yap Sr) tovtov p-tv\ efiovXtvaas voov avTrj tol a7roTeia€Tai [coy 77 xeivovs] 08vo-o~evs eX[6cov tvi 24 a [olq-iv fieyap]ois 77 ap.(pa8ov 7?[e Kp]ixp[r)]8[ov Se Svvacrat 25 [TrjXenayov crv] 7refx^rou e7na[Ta/^en»y yap 26 [coy Ke] fxaX ao~Ki]6[r)s] t][v TrarpiSa yatav iKTqrat 8 ev anovecavTai 27 [fJ.vr)o~]Ti]pes v\j]i 7raAi/x7rerey 27 a [....].. irpo[ 28 viov avriov [77 pa K\aL Epfi[eiav (piXov t]v8a 29 [....]. Epp:ei[a 31 [vocrrov] O[8vvo-aeios] raXa[crt 01/re ? 1 . 32? [? c^e]co[i/ 7r]oyU[7T?7 .]?T€0e[ 28 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI a . . . . 32 [ ] b Oeoicri 32 [ ]r€ 33 [aXX y €7Ti 34 [rjfiaTL eiKoaTCoi] ^[^epirjy [epifiooXov ikoito 35 [<&cut]Kooi> ey yaiav o]i ay[yi6eoi yeyaacriv Col. iv. Plate II. 01 airo 40 a oy [yap ttjiS aura (pi\]a>v TrjXe Xa 01 ecrrt re iSteii/ kcli 41 aX[X en poip 0iAo]fy iKeo-[6ai [olkov ey vtyopo [avrCK €TT€i6 vtto noaaiju (8rj[aa\ro xaX[a ntSiXa ra 45 ap[(3pocria] y^pvaeia piv] 7]S €7T a7T€ipot/[a yaiav ap]a Trvoir]iv \t\6tXrjL tov[s avre vTrv\cod\yTas eyeipei tt]v [/*e]ra yepaiv \^X<£>V "ntT*? K]paj[v? apyeupovr-qs V 8 50 Tluepi-qs 67Ti/S[ay e£ aidepo? e/z]7recre [ttovtcol crevctT eneiT tni Kvpa Xap[coi op]vid[i toiKco? oy r ew KoXiTo\iaLv\ 7r[o]Xtr)s a[Xoy] aTpvye\roio i)(6[va$] a[y]/pcocrcr[coi> Tr~\vKiva 7r[r€pa] 8zv€Ta[i aXprji TroXeeaau/ [tool i/ceXoy oyrjaaro] Kvpa[ 55 [aXX ore 8r) rr\v vr\crov\ cupLKtro [j\r)XoQ [eovaav e/c ttovtov ttzl [tv6 (3as foei5]eoy rj [po]i>8e lkzto tool [r}uv o [vai€P €V7rXoKap.o]s ttjv [8 evSoOi T€Tp.€i> eovcrau [nvp pzv €7r ecr^]apo0tj/ peya 8[aur]o rrjXodi [8 o8pt] 60 [KtSpov T evK]avTOLo dvcov [r ava\ vrjcrov opoo[pei 8 ev8ov ottl [Saiopepcov rj aoL8i]aov(r kccXtjl [ [itTTOV eTTOL^opeUT] y(pv](r€LT]l KepKiS VtpaiVi[v Se [vXr] cr7reoy apcpi Tre [KXt]6pr] t aiyeipos re kcli ev^coSrjs K[v7rapi Col. v. Plate II. 8eoi [ov yap t ayvooTes a\\rj\oia]i 7reA[o]^[rcu vaizi 80 [ada.va.TOi ov8 et tis a-noirpoBi 8co]p[a]Ta evSov [ov8 ap OSvcrarja peyaXrjTopa ere]r/ze^ • 95*? [ ] [ 95 £? [ ]m5[ 95^? [ ] 95^? [ W< Tore tireo-cnv 96 [/ecu 8rj piv apei(3o)pe[vo]$ 7rpoa€eiirev [ zXOovTa $ea rot [eipoiTais p. 6e]ov avrap eyco [vrjpepTtcos tov pvdo]v ei>ia7T7] 100 Wis 8 av eKCov] Tocrcroyro SiaSpapot aXpvpov v[Scop re [aaneTov o]v8e tls ay^i (3poTG>v n[oXi? 01] 6eo[io~iv [cepa re pegovari /ecu] egaerovs €Ka[ropl3a$ ov sctti Aio 104 [ovre Trape^eXOeLV aXXov 6eov ov[6 aXia>o~ai T 105 [0^0-i tol avSpa 7ra]p[e]ivai oi£vpooT[aTov aXXcov [avSpcov 01 nepi a]crrv peya IIpiap[oio pa^ovTO [etj/aere? 8€Kar]coi Se ttoXlv ne[pcravT€S efiTjaav [oiKa8 arap avio]vTts A6rjvair)[v aXiTOVTO re KaKov [rj crcpiv €7roopo~ a]vepov [icai Kvpara pa no [tvO aXXoi pev] navT[e]s aire in [top 8 apa 8evp] avtpos re /ccueo? /ecu [Kvpa 7reAacrcre Col. vi. a vvktos in [ ]coy peT[a K]vpaai [apoXym ? vvv €tl 01 [aXX poip ecm cpiXovs] re [i]8eeiv Ka[t ixeaOai 3° TEE'TUNIS PAPYRI ii5 olkov ey wtyopcxpov Kai ctjv ey 7rar]ptSa y[aiav ].?.y..[ coy <5e 81a (fiaTO piyrjcrev KaXvyj/cn 6ea]cot/ \ • ••••••• 132 Zei/y eAcray eKe]a[crae pecrcoi evi oivoni ttovtgu ev6 aXXoi pev] Travres a7re[(f>6i6ou ea6Xot eraipoi 8 re rov apa Sevp] avepos /c[a/eoy Kai Kvpa ireXaaac tov re i35 pcv €yco]u €(piXi[o]i/ K[ai crpeipov rj8c e Orjcreiv a6av}arov Kai ayrjp[a>v r\para Travra enei ov aXX 7r]a>? eor[t] Aios \yoov aiyioyoio ovt€ 7rap€^eX6]e[i]i/ aXXov 0[eou ovO aXicocrai epptTco €L piv k\ziv[o\$ cna^rpwev Kai avaiyei ttovtov €7T ov 140 arpvy]eroy nep-yjro) [8e piv 7TT] eya> ye ov yap poi napa vqzs eiTr]p]er[poi Kai eraipoi Col. vii. Plate II. 171 [ [Kai piv abcovqcras area nrepoeyTa] 7rpoo~r]v8a ri o~v 6ea roSe 173 [aAAo 8tj prjSeai ov]8e n 7ro[p]irr)[v 183 a dapaei p[r]8e ri irayyy pcra (ppeai StiSiOi Xirjv 183^ ck y €/i€de[v 184 icttco vvv [ro8e yaia Kai ovpavos evpvs virep6e 185 Kai ro Kar[n(3op.ei'oi' Srvyo? vScop oy re peyiaros o/3K[oy] 5e[f^oraroy re 7reAet paKapecrai Oeoiai ri rot /xrj [avTcoi n-qpa KaKov fiovXevo-epev aXXo aXXa ra ps.v [uoeco Kai ^pacraopai aacr av €poi ntp ore ikoi a[vTr]i ft\r][8oi/ir]v pe \pcia> roaov 190 Kai yap e[poi voos eariv evaiaipo? ovSt poi avrrji Ovpos [evi o-Tr)6eo-o~i o-iSrjpeos aXX eXerjpcou Sia [coy a]o[a (fxovTjaacr rjy-qaaro Oeacov K[apnaXip.a>s 8 c-ntira per lyvia fiaive Oeoio 697. HOMERIC FRAGMENTS 3 t Col. viii. • • • • • • • . • • • k av6i ToSe [evOaSe fxe]v[cov aw tfxoi 8cofx.cc (pvXaacrois [adavaros r et^]? ifx.e[ipopevo? trep i8ecr]dai re eeXSeai iravra 210 o~[r)i> aXoyov t]t)s a[*ef rjixara] uvai o[v fiev 6rjv KtC\yr\s ye \yepeicov ev)(o]fx.[ai] ov [Seiia? ov]8e cpvrjv ([net ov ncc? ov]Se eoiKtv Ovqras a[6av]ccTi]icn [Stfxas kou eiSos] epigtiv rr\v 8 aii\ap.e\i$ofi£vo\s Trpocrecprj 7roXv}fir]Ti[? OSvcratvs 6ea . 018a 215 \noTva lit]] rccyra [ kcci] ayjos [ [navTa fiaX ovi>exa] crtio Trepei[ [Kvixaai kcu 7roX]e[p]coc fi€ja [kou roSe toicti yev€o~6co 8 eSv 225 [00? ecpar rjeXios a]p kcc[i] e[m xvecpas rjXOev [eXOovres 8 apa t]oi ye fxv^coi o^neiovs yXacpvpoio \repTrea6rfv cpL]XoTrjTL nap aXXr]X[oicn lizvovtzs 8 [rjfios t]piyev]€L ecpavr] poSo8aKT\vXos Ha>? re re [avTi% fiev (f>a]pos Ktra\ya evvvr OSvcrcrevs evvvr 230 [avTT] 8 apyvcpeojv cpa[p]os fity[a WLKpr] Kai St [Xeirrov ^api]ev 7r[e/)]£ [gcovrjv /3aXer i£vi Col. ix. .[ 8 232 [KaX]r]i> -^pvcreLTju KecpaXrji ev[edr]K€ KaXvirrprfv 232 a Kp[r]Se]fivcoL 8 etpvirepde KaXy[^raro 81a Otacov 232^ Ka[X]coi ^77y[arecot] to pa 01 re6y[cofx€vov rjev 233 ay[rap] 08v[o~crr)L fx]eyaXr]Topi pr][Sero Trofmriv 01 ev Sco[Ke fxev 7reAe>ci/]j> iieyav a[pfievov TraXaprjicri 235 \aXi<[eov afupoT~\epco6ev a.Ka)(fx.\evov avrap ev avrcoi o~T€i[Xetov 7repi]KccXes eXocivov ei/ ([vaprjpos $ 8 [Saxe tTTeija crKeirapvov ev[£oov rjp)(€ 0S010 [vr/crov e7r e]cr^arir]? 061 8evS[pea fxaKpa necpVKei 32 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI t [x\T]$pi] aiyeipo? r eAar]^ r rj[v ovpavo/xrjKr)? ? 20 letters 240 J ]<-y[ • • 241 ? [ „ „ ] [ 8 koli [yofji(poicni>] apa tt)[v ye appovirjuriv apaacrev \ocrcrov T19 r] eSacpos v[t]o$ Topvcoaerai avrjp 250 [(popriSos e]vpeir]s i[v eiSa? TeKToavvacov [rocra-ou] €7t €vp€ia[v a^Strjv TTOL-qcrar OSvacrevs crraLLivtcrcn [ ]v avTrjv a\papa>v 6ap.ecri 253 7r[oi]et (trap fxaKpr)(Ti\v tTrrjyKti'LSecrcn reXevra 256 257 [K]up.aa[t]v iXap e/ze^ \ttoXXtjv 8 ene^evaro vXr/v 8 re TiOei 254 [e]v ktt[oi>] kcc[i eiuKpiov appevov avrcoi 8 lOvvol 255 [ef] apa TTrjSaXiov 7r[oiT]craTO o <5e 81a Oeaoov 258 \f\o 259 [io-rjta TroirjcracrOaL 8 [ev Te^rjcraro Kai ra 8 . 259 a [?r]/?oy apa iKpicxpiv [ 260 [ev] 8 V7rep[a]s re 7ro5a? [re KaXou? t eve8-qatv ev avrrjt [po])(Xoi tool rereAecrTO [Te]TpaTo[v] rjpap er]v [/ecu anavra 8 ano Sta [tq>]i ap[a 7re]/U7TT[a>£ 7re//7T vqaov KaXutyco Ta e[i/m t aptyiecraaa [OvcoSea Kai Xovaaaa Unidentified. • • • • M]•[ ]./».[ 697. HOMERIC FRAGMENTS 33 OSvcraaos: 6 11. § 799. 'OSucnrT/or vulg. ; SO, tOO, is of full so that ei in 800. The initial supplement length, nus or omras place of rjos would be unsuitable. For the new v.l. Kara dvpov cf. v 379 vocrrov 68vpopevr] k. 6. The non- assimilated form yoaaxrav is like vauTaaxra (B 648, &C.)j yooaxrav ]\ISS. 801. even with the v is short for the which would accom- [77auor6i€j/] superfluous space, modate two or three more letters. The second o of [8]aKpvoevros was corrected from a, and perhaps the a of K\uv6poio has also been altered. 806. For the original ending ^7r[io]y, which is not elsewhere recorded, cf. 1. 818 and o- t the recurrent eVt vtjtuos rja, e.g. j3 313, 229, 19, &c. 807. The accidental omission of the line was presumably caused by the homoeoteleuton. 1. 809. [o]i>6 • • ei '• Kai • • • «°" TW e 8. M*/fi • n MSS., both here and in /? 230. ^8' had been conjec- tured by Nauck. 8 II. Obvao-eios : cf. 799, n. 13. ptpvef. Kilrai MSS. ov : 14. 1. fj. 17. air : 1. eV. 21 = A 544. The Ordinary text has ttjv 8' aTTap.eifi6p.evos irpoaeq^r] vecpeXr/yepera Zevs. 23. 1. 'Odvarevs. 24 a. A new line formed by a combination of a 269 and £ 330 (= r 299). 27 a. This line is not in the vulgate. The slight remnant of the first letter would suit and of the second v. e.g. t, p, v, e.g. rj, 29. 'Eppeiw ai) yap afire to. t ciXXa nep ayye\6s io-ai' is the ordinary version of this line. was about five but the In the papyrus Eppei[a preceded by letters, reading [vie and can be but . ]ufi«i .[ or, e.g., \)8ep[ read, ao-(r)ep[cp ojuSet, proposed by Allen, op. cil., ad he. is very unconvincing. Qiouri in 1. 32 b, if not altogether satisfactory, appears cf. X Beolcn H. Ven. ea-crl Oeoicri. possible ; 41 cpiXos, 195 rftiXos 34. Whether the papyrus omitted or inserted k (or y) before etKoor&n cannot be deter- mined. 40 #-41. These verses are identical with 6 113— 14, with the substitution of airo r^Xe y kt\. for dnovoo-cpiv okeo-dai, 6 114 coinciding with 4 41 except for dXX ert in place of d>s yap. At the end of 1. 40 a 1. tjjX' a\aXr}o-8ai, for which cf. 7313 86pu>v airo ttjX' d\d\T) : so most and others. 42. erjv MSS, ; fjv F some eis : e's MSS. : so cf. schol. Q al koivoX bid tov Aristarchus read 48. [e]#€X?7t BM ; 344 rj iBeXy, where tdeKei, the common lection here. 50. UetepiTji, the original reading, is not otherwise recorded. or t evi as in : os re Kara deivovs koXuovs 52. ko\ivo\io-lv^ 7i[o]\i?/5 (not Seijyqj Allen, ofi.Cl/.) vulg. eVi KoXnoio-ip does not occur elsewhere in Homer. D 34 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI 53. tx#[va?] seems probable on account of the space, but cannot be regarded as certain Ixdm MSS. rather is 59. h[aur\o than k\out\o suggested by a vestige of the top of the initial letter; the MSS. are divided. so FU and Eustath. most rrjXodi: others, ; r^Aoo-e MSS. 60. evKJavroio (so apparently) 6vw. evKairoio dvuv MSS. evKavTos occurs in Photius 430. 24. . : so &c. oS«Sei others. opw[pei FU ; 9$a-d? Line 96 was preceded by at least three lines not included in the ordinary text. If the passage consisted of four verses, and 11. 82-95 were as in the vulgate, the column would be of the same length as Col. 1. Allen has suggested that the new lines contained a of the in 11. in b x "T repetition question 87 sqq., and 95 conjectures xP oppa]nL as in but the three letters a d[a>Top edoou, H. 29. 8, are slender basis, and the n is hardly secure. In d the letter be X 95 second may (? rjrjAe). 97. «ya> Tot: SO most MSS.; eywye F. 98. 1. KfAeaFt. 99. e\6eip\ e'A&V" MSS. Cf. 695 091. 100. Toacrovro '. to(t 108. The a in «V *c papyrus had participle place of the vulgate vdara, and avio]ures (cf. 332 ('k suits the rather better than Tpoi'?js dviovTo) perhaps space roo-Teoji/rey. no. : so P.S.I. 8 2nd and MSS. -6eu Aristarchus. aneipdidov (? cent.) many ; in. kcikos : (pepcov MSS. KaKos was no doubt brought in from 1. 109. Cf. I. 134. 1 1 1 a. Another new line. For [apoXym cf. X 28 and 317 per da-Tpdai wktos dp. 112. : so the bulk of the Aristarchus. letter is yjv^coyet, MSS.; rjvaiyeiv The following broken, but there is enough to exclude a v. ? o'Uov8e : a\jf \l0a.Kr)v8e (or ?) orn ra^tora MSS. it that 114. ]vs might be read instead of re, but considerations of space make probable the papyrus agreed with the MSS. in the insertion of re here. 116. Above the end of this line there is an interlineation (apparently by the first hand), the explanation of which is not evident. The remains are not inconsistent with Ka\u\^o>, would some variation in the middle of the line it is that which, however, require ; unlikely deawv and KaXv^co merely changed places. But the vestiges of the letters which have been taken to belong to 1. 116 are so slight and ambiguous that the identification of that verse is extremely doubtful. To suppose that the line was originally omitted and subsequently added, like S807, is not satisfactory, since the name Ka\v\^a> would then be expected to have stood further to the left. : 1. n. 134. k[cikos (pepcov MSS.; cf. in, 135. eyw 139. eTrco\rpvvev '. enorpiivei MSS. 183 a-b. Line 183 a = 8 825, and was coupled with another verse apparently analo- to Ven. ov roi ri 8ios tvaBetiv KaKov which follows ti gous H. 194 yap e£ epiBev ye ; Bdpo-fi pijSe in in a-fjai perd (pptal 8el8t8i \itp>. It is of course possible that the papyrus, as that passage, a-rjcri replaced wdyxv. 697. HOMERIC FRAGMENTS 35 184. Some ink in the margin opposite this line may be an impression from another sheet of the cartonnage. rot: which is with Wolf 187. so MSS. generally ; o-oi, preferred by Allen, and Bekker, occurs as a secondary reading in DH. 210. re : om. FU but the is no means certain. so many MSS., ; reading by here is i-dSe instead of r68e 215. The ordinary reading \ii) p.01 ^coeo. rao[e would be are to suitable, but the preceding remains hardly be reconciled with p.01, and suggest another is there a t. t after the lacuna. If ravra right, must have been further divergence, e.g. -ye x&>eo. 223. Some five or six more letters are required to fill the initial lacuna. Perhaps there was a flaw in the papyrus, or the scribe may have made a mistake, e.g. by originally writing noXXa in front of p,aka. 226. Ton to) MSS. Possibly ran was written, but the o seems preferable. 228. rjpiyeveia (pavrj MSS. 229. . . . are = S 1 the rest of b with the 232 a-b. Kp[rj8e]p.vooi vrry on] 84-5, 232 coinciding latter part of 2 172. 233. aVTCip\: KM TOT MSS. 236. The spelling nepiKaXes is found also in DH. The rest of the line is very doubt- fully deciphered, but the reading given by Allen, op. cit. -x\a\cnov p.d\\a Tiptov kt\. appears to n^ 67!"°" fill the is be mistaken. x] would not space, and the n improbable. aTLT s: tri e MSS. are divided between this and 238. i\o-X l -rju. 240? The remains of this line are inconsistent with the ordinary version of 1. 240 ava Trakai, Tvepinrfka, to. ol ttKuokv (Xacppas. A 8 is a possible alternative for the first letter and t for the second. ? as in the but the are and 241 Perhaps 8tv]ftp[ea, ordinary text, vestiges inconclusive, the variation in the preceding verse adds to the uncertainty. v 252. 'iKpia 8e arijaas, apapcov MSS. Part of a vertical stroke before avrrjv suits a but well to an t. Allen has might equally belong e.g. proposed [km Ka\r]]v. 254-5. The position given to these two lines, below 1. 257, seems more logical than that in the vulgate. They also show two new variants, in 1. 254 re ndd for note!, and most in 1. as for for which there probably 255 \ev\ (hardly [«]aS reported by Allen, op. cit.) npos, is not room. 257. The superscribed reading kv/u : re nodcis 260. no8as [re koXovs koXovs MSS. 264. The repetition of to. caused a lipography which was afterwards corrected. This insertion is more cursively written than that in 1. 257, but is not necessarily by a different hand. Several MSS. similarly have eL^af instead of etfiard r. Unplaced Fragment. This small piece, in a hand similar to that of Cols, v (end)-viii and ix (upper part), appears to belong to the present roll. In the last line vvp.^ in some form is suggested, but no line in which that word occurs suits the rest of the frag- ment, and the 4> is not at all secure. D 2 36 III. ROYAL ORDINANCES. 698. Decree of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. i a. 5-4x18-3 cm. 170-169 b.c. Plate VII This exiguous fragment, notwithstanding its size, has a certain historical importance, for it bears directly on the vexed question of the relations of Ptolemy Philometor and Antiochus Epiphanes of Syria after the latter's invasion of Egypt in 170 B.C. According to Porphyry (F. H. G. iii. 720), Antiochus deprived Philometor of the throne, and Jerome, In Dan. xi. 26, says that he was himself formally crowned at Memphis. Coins of Antiochus, struck apparently in Egypt, lend some support to such statements. Mr. Bevan suggests (The Ptol. Dynasty, p. 284; cf. Camb. Anc. Hist. viii. 505, Kolbe, Beitr. z. syr. undjud. Gesch. p. 34) that it would be in accordance with the king's character to amuse himself by going through the coronation ceremony at Memphis without attaching any real significance to it. Bouche-Leclercq somewhat similarly regards the coins as proving no more than that Antiochus wished to affirm a right to exercise the royal authority, which, however, he did not assume, contenting him- self with the official role of protector of the kingdom by Philometor's consent (Hist, des Lagides, ii. 16). Yet in 698 we find Antiochus, with no qualification of the royal title or recognition of the existence of a protege, but in the ordinary form of the kings of Egypt, issuing a decree to the cleruchs of the Arsinoi'te nome. It certainly looks as if the ancient authorities who speak of a temporary dethronement of Philometor were not misrepresenting the facts. BacriXecos AvTibyov npocrTd^avTOS' TOIS kv TOIL KpOKo8l.\07roXlTT]l KXrjpOV- [X • • • • • ' — By decree of King Antiochus : To the cleruchs in the Crocodilopolite nome . . .' 2. KpoKobiXoTToXirrji : this seems to be the only instance of the designation of the Arsinoi'te nome by the adjectival derivative of Kpoico8i\a>v noXis, and may be explained as due to the unfamiliarity of Antiochus with the usual nomenclature. At this date 6 'Apo-t- was the established of the the earlier was votrrjs name Fayum, appellation of which 17 Xlfivrj or 6 in is rather \ifj.viTT]s (Rev. Laws xxxi. 12, n.). Wilcken's statement Grundz. p. 104 misleading. 699. ROYAL ORDINANCES 37 699. Decrees of Euergetes II. 87. Fr. 2 11-3 x 13-8 cm. 135-134 B.C. Decrees of indulgence, (piXdvdpooTra, were promulgated by Euergetes II soon after his return on the death of Philometor (P. Tor. 1. ix. 21) and also on several occasions towards the end of his life (5, 124, P. Tor. 1. vii. 13 sqq.). 699 now acquaints us with another series of decrees of a more or less similar kind issued in one of the intermediate years, the 36th of Euergetes' reign. Unfortunately they have survived only in a few small fragments, of which two, giving parts of the concluding column, are printed below. That Fr. 1 was the top of the column of which Fr. 2 formed the end is indicated by a junction of two sheets of papyrus occurring in both, and also by the verso, which is inscribed with official accounts of payments of corn by various persons. When the two pieces are adjusted according to this junction the fracture to the right follows an approxi- mately vertical line, and suitable restorations are obtainable on the supposition that the loss here averaged 15 letters. Of the decrees in this column all but the last are expressly concerned with the temples and their belongings, and the same subject is prominent in the minor fragments (see below). Perhaps then the whole series related to the temples, just as what remains of 124 apparently refers to cleruchs. It is remarkable that two of the ordinances were incorporated with but slight modification in the more comprehensive series of decrees issued in 118 in 5 see nn. on 11. 1-2 and B.C. and preserved ; 15-17. Fr. 2 has a few letters from the ends of some lines of the preceding column, to which the verso suggests that the largest of the fragments (Fr. 3) not here printed is to be assigned. This is much damaged, but a few words are here and to 1. nal kv kc there legible. Two references the 25th year occur, 4 ] oaa [r]<2i and 1. e&>? tov «e was the of (Irei) [ 15 ] (ctovs). The 25th year, 146-5 B.C., year the death of Philometor and the return of Euergetes to power, and hence was a in of latter. In 1. natural termi?ius a quo or ad quern new ordinances the 7 ~\o*v recalls 5. but the was different. Fr. from the UpS>v (d>io>v [ 78-9, context 4, top of a column, and Fr. 5 are connected by the similarity of their versos, but no combination has been found Fr. reads rots and satisfactory ; 5. 6-7 ] ytveOkiois a[ Fr. the of a few has as the t\&v ddi(Tjx\Jv(i>v. 6, giving beginnings lines, yep&v [ first of the verso indicates that this is not to be at Fr. 1. them ; but placed 7. Two further pieces and some tiny scraps are too much defaced or too slight to yield anything of value. fov [ray r)yopacrp.ei>]a.$ npocp-qreLas Kai ykpa k[o.I ypappaT€ia? tcls [ri/xay Tt~ayp\kvoi zialv rois xvpiois [p.£veiv 38 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI toc ex tS>v [ ]a y^pr)para e[ . . [ ] p.r) Sanavdv, e£[ . reXelaOai kcu eh 5 [ ] t[ Se r&v [irpoaTerayacn ] aTvparo^y 21 letters tccs ] npdae[is ev naiv [ vTrdp\\ovTa lepoi[? Se TOV? [ ] K€KVQ\G>fieV0V? 10 [ e\KeK\f\r]VTO [ kcu [ •••••••]toi? to[ eK ra>v Toi>9 lepcov [ r]a Ka6r)K0v\ra Se . . e/c irpocneTdyjxcTi /jltj[. .] [\a}/x(3dv€ii> r[ rS>v /cara p\r\Qeva Tpbir\o\v p-qcf eue^ypd^eiu [fir/Se kclQtikovtcov ? Se ig e/y ra iepct viroXoyelv pr)6ev. TTpoa\rerd-^acjL Kal prjOiva e^dyeiv prjS' aTTofiid^ecrOai Trap o[i? touch? davXiai VTrrjpyov. npocnerdyacrL Se pr)6eva KaKOTeyvelv [prjSe tl trapa to, ev avToiS Sir]yopevpeva irpdaaeiv [ 20 p.r]Se tovs eiri Trpaypdrccv TeT[a]yp[ei>ov$ [..].... aOarooi £r)piovcr6ai. (eTovs) A5- [ 2. Second 1 of Kvpiotv coir, from s. 1-2. '(They have decreed that) those posts as prophet and honourable offices and secretaryships of which they have paid the prices shall be secured to their owners '. These lines evidently corresponded closely to 5. 80-3 ras rjyopaarpevas irpo^nias Kal yepa kcu ds ra in ra>u eltri tols yp^appareias) Upa Upcov Trpocrohuv [wli/ rlajs ripas reraypevai. (1. -voi} pivav TavTas t)e rois n'XXots. As observed in the n. iepols Kvplcos, Lili) e'|[etli'at [roijy lepevai napaxcopelv ad loc, the subject of Teraypevoi dcri is the priests, who were not, however, mentioned in the preceding sentence of 5, though they may have been in the present place. The next words peveiv . . . Kvplios suggest that Kvplois (-019 altered from -os) in 1. 2 may be a mistake for cf. 5. the rot? is used. upois Kvpias ; too 51, where phrase Up. \i£v. [Kvpl~\a>s again remains rather than but fie is 3. The suggest ] before 8e. For in 1. 8 cf. 5. hardly be of sufficient length xnrdp]xovra e.g. 9 [to] en indp- 11 but the is uncertain [\ovra] anpara, P. Ryl. 217. dnpdrav inrapxdvrcov, supposed \ very and might be e.g. n or .er. 13-15. The sense of this paragraph is not very clear, vnokoye'iv in 1. 15 apparently applies to temple revenues, and evexvpd(eiv may well refer to the sources of such revenues Or do 11. 13-14 prohibit the removal or pledging of valuable objects belonging to the etc ? is not a satis- temples (e.g. prjldevla [\o.]pPdu(iv t[oiv Upuiv p.r]dev) p,r] 84v\a, however, very factory reading, the a being represented by a horizontal stroke which might more suitably cr. of Dem. In Meid. 10 belong to, e.g., a The similarity /117 i^eivai pfjre fve^'pda-ai pr'jre ~\ap,fidv(iv erepov hepov was pointed out by Prof. A. M. Harmon. 15-17. 'And they have decreed that no one shall be removed or forcibly ejected at those temples where rights of asylum subsisted.' be en rcov davXcov This ordinance is a parallel to 5. 83—4 irp\^o\ in to Se . . . make the ordinance similar form 5. 138 sqq. prjdeva \oyeveiv pr]8e r[o]vs o-rpar-qyovs prjbe Ka\ rovs enl xP (l ^ v rtTa(y)p{v\evovs ktX. In either case the letters before (r^piovo-Oai in 1. 21 are difficult to deal with unless what appears to be Baron, may be regarded as a mis- take for 6avaTu>i. The whole sentence may then have run somewhat as follows : 8z ri ra jrpo rovs rovs e ^als an d for the words 5. roi/s 8e o~rp. prj8e (i\\o(y)s npos XR > concluding 92 irapa ravra noiovvras at 1. 8av[drwi (\qpiovo-6ai, 700. 49. The slight remains the beginning of 21 are not inconsistent with \woo\vvras. eaxdrai is unobtainable. 700. Decree of Euergetes II concerning Associations, and Purchase of Property. 2 and j. Height 24 cm. 124 B.C. In form this papyrus is akin to P. Zois 1-2, Amh. 31. It gives a series of documents recording two purchases, made by a certain Ammonius, of land which 4o TEBTUNIS PAPYRI - had been put up to auction by the government, and the payment of the price together with the appropriate taxes to the bank. As often, the chronological order is reversed. First stand the banker's receipts (1-4, 80-3), then come copies of the official letters authorizing him to receive the payments (11. 5-8, 85-7) and of the biaypatyai or statements of the details and circumstances of the pur- 88 a decree the chases (11. 9 sqq., sqq.), incorporating royal concerning property cf. 1. land of various associations (11. 22-55; 100). Part certainly of the now and all of had to such an bought by Ammonius (1. 11), presumably it, belonged association hence the relevance of the decree. the most ; Unfortunately this, important component of the document, is very imperfectly preserved. It begins a the for the with lengthy preamble (11. 22-36) giving grounds enactment. They cannot be clearly followed, but it seems that the ownership of property by the bodies concerned had given rise to difficulties or abuses which called for correc- tion. Gymnasia and other associations at Alexandria were therefore now to alienate the property specified (11. 37-9). Reference is made to a previous holders of to such decree bearing on the subject (11. 40-2), and property belonging associations in the Arsinoi'te nome were ordered to declare it within a given time laid financial (11. 42-5). Other obligations were upon gymnasiarchs and various to officials of the nome (11. 45-8). Disobedience was be punishable by death, its and rewards were offered for information leading to detection (11. 49-52). Finally, purchasers of property sold in accordance with the decree were promised the ordinary rights of ownership (11. 52-5). On the verso of Col. i are remains of some lines in demotic, and on that of Col. iv is a fragmentary money account in Greek. Col. i. 7reTTT(jOKei> kv noXet {"Erovs fxq £\ttI Tr\v Kp[oKo8iXcoi> rpd(Tre£av) cocrre els top tu>v [Aiovvcricoi Tpa(7r€£iTT)i) fiaaiXei K^^copiapevdyv \6yov Xrjp- Kara, [pdrcov Trap' 'Appwvtov ri^v v\noKHpkvit)y [Siaypacprjv xa(\i l ^ LOcrr [apy(vpiov) rd{XavTa) e, ] re(Xos) T, (e^r]Koarfjs) 0, (x VS ?) [^- avvviro- 5 [Qecov Aiovvo-icoi \aipetv. $e£]dpevo$ Tj[ap 'Appcovtov [ypd(povTo$ 'la^yplcovost] joy (3a(o-iXt.Kov) yp(appar ices) ya(XKov) 7rp(oy) [dpyiypiov) rd(X.) e kcli tt)v tcl ei? Kara. [{8iKdrr]v) kcu raXXa KaQr\Ko\vTa dvkvzyK t[o fiao-iXiKw rr\v . [vTTOKdpeurjv 8id\ypacpriv. eppcoo-o (erovs) /x[ koltolkovvtcov [fiao-iXd Kal fiacnXio-o-qi App]d>vios Tavplvov t[6ov 700. ROYAL ORDINANCES 41 €19 \€V 'OgvpVyXOlS Ttjs) IIo\efjlCOl>0? fX€pt8[0S TlflTjV . crvvoSov kv ] Upa y[f}L rryy ovarjS irepl rrjv kv 8val avTrjv Kooprjv kp(3p]6)(ov acppaylo-i [dp(o)v(poov) ktj, yetVoyey rfj? pev (wpcoTrjs) vdrov , dTr]r)\ia>TOV rrjs cpeivrjs 8[id>pvyos Kal tcov p\€Toya>v (poiviKoav, [fioppcc ig I At]/3dy opeivr] Sioopv£ [ . . 8e votov . rrj? StVTepas] yeirovts [ (3oppa drrr]]Xia>TOv Io-ieTov k\ou Ai/3oy . k< . 81a. $1X1- ] (Xdfiopev e*c[ Kal tov vov toov (rrpcorcov) (piX(cov) Kal aTpa(ri]yov)] ypappa[Te<09 airo tov -n I XoytaTT]pi]ov vfroKtipevov poo-rayparos tov rov eKKeipkvov] kv KpoKoSfXeov [-voXei rfji (3 tov QwvO ps ? (erot/y). fiao-iXiaov TrpoaTa]^dvTcov. 6e[ letters tS)v I8ta>v . 15 k]m [ ] [ Col. ii. letters dXXd Kal els Kal 25 [ 36 o]vs yvpvaaiapyjas . ovs to, e/c nXeiovo? Kal Sid ] y^povov 181a ]ert avvXtXeypkva ovs k^apyvpi- \rapkvov<5 tov Xoltiov tov £ijv ]r)pia>v kXaTTcopkvovs 81a ttjv tcov Kal tcov 30 [ 33 ,, CTTo\y8r]v rjyovpevcov ]tcov a>0~T €K TOV T010VT0V prjSeTTOTe \Tvyydve.iv, tt&vtcov Se to. i'Sia. ~\vopevas napayyeXtas Kal crvvXoyovs ]ovptvoi. ef'y ev8tav navras dno . . . to Kal 35 [ „ „ ]y 7repiaipe6kvrcov 77/30? r^y ]/j.kvr]S aTrepicnrdo-Tovs yevT)6kv\ra\$ Trpoo-TtTa^yapev to. kv AXe£av8peia yvpvdaLa „ Kal noXiTevpa]Ta Kal avvoSov? kKSioiKecv dva . tov ttoXitlkov ] yeaOai wXrjv npoTepov 42 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI 40 32 „ Kal I Kara ttjv \d>pav yevrjOrjvai oaa pkv 25 » 7rpoaTeTa^a]pev Sid tov npotKKeipkvov kv tool . 20 1. r* tcov ef tcol (erei) ? npoaTciypaTos t]ovs 'kyovTas AparivoiTrji vop.au yvpvacricov Kal Kal avvoSjav Kal TroXiTevpiaToov diroypd- 1. dv 18 kv fjpepais TptaKovra ?] dcf rj? fjpepas to npoo-Taypa Kal 26 1. kv dXXais tov? <5e 45 kKTtOfji ]j/ 7t£vt€, yvpva- Kal 1- Kal Kal Kal aidpyovs 25 j eyAoyftjcrra? [o]iK[ov]6pov? Kal tovs dXXovs ndvTas tovs 'k^ovT]d? tl tcov toiovtcov ..[.]... vat 23 1. kv dXXai? ? r)pkpa]i$ nkwe Kal dvacpipeiv kv Tai? 13 1- tov Se prj ovtoo iroir\o~avTa ? 6av]aTOoi 'kvoyov eivai' prjvveiv <5e 5o tov (3ovX6p,)e[vov 22 I. ]€iov kdj on 6 pikv kXevOepos XrjyjreTai ttjs t]ov kvcr^drjaopkvov ovaias to Tpirov pepo?, 6 Se SovXo? kXevdepo? toTai Kal [npoa]Xrjyj/€TaL to '4ktov. toIs S\ 7rpocnXivaop(voi9 Trpbs tovs [dyopaapov? Col. iii. tcov 7rpoK€ipkvcov at S[iaypa fiaaiXiKOV, Kal e£eo~Tai a[i>T0is xprjcr6ai re Kal oIkov]o- 55 pe7v dwirtvOvvois ov[aiv. 7rpo9 a Kal 'Io-^vpioovos t[ov /3acriXiKov ypappaTeoojs kmSovros to,? ypacpas eo[s dvevrjvo^evai] tg>v tov? KcopoypappaT([as Sid ]eov imdpyziv toi? TrpoKei[pevoi$ Tas irpoKHpkvas] 60 kpfipoyov dp(o)v(pas) kt) a>\y ilvai ttjv] a> Kal d£i(av) ra(A.) (3 dXXco[v ra(A.) /3 'Ea, / ra(A.) e,] Ka6d Kal TrpoTeOfjvai e/[y Trpacriv TrooXovpkvoov dpa tois dXXois Sid tov n[ap rjpaov kv KpoKO- SiXccv iroXei knl tov Spo[pov avp- ] 65 irapovToov 'Apfipoaiov n[ kv toi? (rrpdoTOis) (pi'X(ois), Evfilov t[ov npbs Ttji o~Tpa~r]yiai TCTaypkvov Kal kirl to>[v npoaoSoov tov ApaivoiTOv ? IlToXepatov AaKXr)TTi\dSov ] kv tois TrpooTois (pi'Xois [ 700. ROYAL ORDINANCES 43 70 rov crvyyevovs Kal v7ropv[rjp,aroypd(pov 0T]papevov 'Arrivov t[ rov Kal dXXa>v 'layypiwvos /3acriXi[Kov ypap.p.arecos ] nXeiovcov Sid Krjpvi<[os vTToa-rfjvai npb Av8pov[iKov rovrov 8e 75 aKoXovdoos, p[rj -napayevopevov ? eicvpdodr] ] 6 o>i Appoovios 7rpoyeypap[pkvos k(f> rrapaXafiovra aKoXovdcos Sid rov it Siaypa(pr]U r[o?s poo-rayp\aros ] 8iaaa(povp:kvois rd£a[o-0ai a ....[.]... yfjs Tlfifjy [ ] e. 62. rf of TrpoT(8t]vai coir, from Col. iv. 8. 80 "Erovs pq TLayoov ireirrcoKev kirl rtj[v kv KpoKoSiXoov noXei rpdire£av Aiovvctlooi TpaTregc-rji coare (3ao~iXei els rb[v Ke)(copicrp.evov Xbyov reov Xrjp- pdrcov nap Appcaviov Kara rr\v V7roKeipk[vr]v Siaypacpyv ^a{X.KoD) Trp(bs dpyiypiov) rd(X.) £ reXos 'Act, (e£r]K0O-rr)s) \jr, ^iXioaTrjs) /*/3. [ ©ecov Alovvctlcdl ^aipeiv. 8e£dpe[vos Trap Appcoviov avvvnoypdcpovros 85 'Icryypia>vos rov fiacriXiKov ypap.parecos )^a(XKov) [npips) dpyiypiov) rd(X.) £ Kal rrjv (SeKarrjv) Kal rdXXa rd Ka- QrjKovr els to fiaaiXiKov Kara rr]v V7T0Ke[ip.evrjv Siaypatprjv dveveyKe. [eppoocro. (erovs) p.^ fiao-iXel Kal (3acriXicrcrr]i Ap.pd>vios [Tavpivov rS>v KaroiKovvrcov kv 'O^vpvyyois rfjs UoXkpeov[os peplSos els riprjv rod ovros vorov 90 nepl rfjv avrrjv [K(op,r)v dp(o)v(poov) ? , yeiroves 1. 6eov , 20 , XapdiTiBos lepd yfj [l\ fioppa | a7rr]Xid)- rov Kal Kal IJeroaipios Tipovs \ep[cros, Xifibs , rfjs ovo-qs kv nepl rr\v avrrjv Ku>pr)v lepa yfjt \ykpo~ov ap(o)v(p.) c, rjs yeiroves vorov 'ApiaroKov {eKarovrdpovpos) KX{fjpos), fioppa Sia>pv£, dnr)[Xioorov 17 1. 95 rov 'AnoXXa>viov napdSeiaos eprjp[os, Xt(3bs dvd piecrov ovros e^aycoyov, Ka6[d Kal npoeredrjcrav els npaaiv Sid rcov 1. $iXivov (npcorcov) (piXioov) Kal o-rpa(rr]yov) Kal ypap[p.arecos rov 14 Xoyiarr/piov dnb rov eKKeip.evov npo[crrdyp,aros kv KpoKo- 44 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI SiXoov noXei rrp. (3 rod OcovO rod p[<^ ? eroi/y. ioo VTreKeiTo Kal dvriypacpov rod Trpoardyp[aTos. npbs o Kal 'Icr^vpicopo? rod fiaaiXiKov yp[ap.p.aT€a>? £tti86vtos ras ypacpds tSijXov avtvTqvoykvai tovs KcopLoypap^pareas Sid rcov ... . cov virdpyziv roi<5 TrpoKeip.evois rov npoKeip-evov [....'.... ov uvai rr]v a£i{av) rd[X.) S T Kal 1 — 22 1. 7-779 y^epaov dp(o)v(p.) rd(X.) /? T, [ra(A.) £ 105 TT(i)Xovp.Zv(£>v dpa toTs dXXois Sid [tou nap' rjpcou 1-8. 'The 46th year . . . Paid in to the bank at Crocodilopolis to Dionysius, banker, to the king's credit for the separate account of receipts, from Ammonius in accord- ance with the appended statement, 5 talents of copper on the silver standard, tax 3,000 drachmae, for the sixtieth 500 dr., for the thousandth 30 dr. Theon to Dionysus, greeting. Receive from Ammonius, Ischyrion the basilico- grammateus countersigning, 5 talents of copper on the silver standard and the tenth (?) and other proper taxes, and pay over to the royal treasury, in accordance with the ap- pended statement. The 46th year . . .' 1 sqq. The fracture on the right-hand side, though ragged, follows a more or less vertical line, except at 11. 19-20, where it recedes; the loss on this side seems to amount generally to some 15 letters, to which a small addition is permissible in the two lines specified. 2. Cf. 1. which the termination - u>v is a alternative. 82, gives /xdr ; Xnyevudrav possible This special revenue account appears not to have occurred previously. The name recalls the KexcopLo-nevT) np6cro8os (cf. Vol. I, 570), but the non-recurring character of the payment is more suggestive of the ftW Xoyoy, to which the dues recorded in P. Amh. 31, B.G.U. 992 (W. 1 6 1-2), documents analogous to 700, were paid. e is this doubtless the tax 4. Td(Xavra) obtained from the amount of the t 18. i\d$op.ev (or -e\d$op.ev) evidently belongs to a relative sentence corresponding to ktX. in 1. the was neither . . . Ka8\d 96 ; following word apparently eWio-[#at nor eKKeip[ep 700. ROYAL ORDINANCES 45 18-19. For Philinus cf. I. 97. Eubius in 1. 66, if the restoration there is right, is to in be regarded as an assistant, like the imoo-pd-rriyoi U.P.Z. 124. 33 (P. Leid. A), Theb. 8. cf. lxxxvi where other for Bank 9 ; Gue'raud, 'EvTevtjus, pp. sqq., evidence the existence of assistant strategi is collected and discussed. 21. The date should be the same as in 1. 99. 22. Perhaps d([a>prjardptvoi. 27. 'i8ia : or I8ia, both here and in 1. 32, since it is clear from 11. 37 and 93 that the scribe was apt to omit the iota adscript. rav 29. cm Kpir]r]pi(ov may be suggested. 34. Cf. Dittenberger, Or. Gr. Inscr. 90. 1 1 tt)v k'lyvnTov (Is ev8lav dyayuv. 35. T ys '• or rds. Names of two more associations are to be lost in the lacuna 38. likely ; perhaps ntpeVeir was one of them (cf. Dittenberger, Or. Gr. Inscr. 176, 178 (W. 141-2), Wilcken, didvovs 1. Grundz. p. 139) and (cf. P. Enteux. 20-1) the other. In 43 a shorter supplement ' ' is For £k8ioikuv in the sense of alienate cf. Theb. Bank 1. i. required. 9 eydioiK^aipois ; as Wilcken has pointed out, the same meaning is to be recognized in 27. 27, 57 (W. 331). Not the first letter be «. 47. en[i]8ovvai apparently ; may iv ra'is ? Cf. Theb. Bank 1. i. 48-9. I [dvacpopals e.g. 5-6. — 50-2. Cf. P. Hibeh 29. 5-6, B.G.U. 1730. 11 15 i = Archiv viii. 214-5). Some as «ri tov 2>t. such phrase kuBtjkovtos dp^lov perhaps preceded ftp' Cf. Theb. Bank I. ii. 6 avT tcov uvtoIs : cf. Theb. ii. 81a rcbv 58. E.g. Trap* /3k Bank 4. 13—14 evpio-Kopw In 1. a shorter [ 8. dva . . 3. The rate, (fip.) ., may also have been stated. 62. Cf. B.G.U. — 8 els Cf. Bank I. i. . . . us . . . tov tov 63 Sqq. Theb. 8-I3 [e'^Je'&i'iro] npaaiv [«rl] hpop.ov deoii . . S* • . fieyuurrov 'Apficovos . \npoK-qpv\Y6(i'Tu>v 'AcncX^Trtd^ou tov nap' i)p.a>v ., 0~WTrap6vTa>v . . . (cat ak\a)v hia H . . 2. 8 P. Zois I. 'HpciK\ei8ov ol 1. is tcov (7rpu>7-ots) cpikms, which recurs in 69, an unusual variation of the common irpaTw which is used in 1. there can have been real distinction. For cplXcoif, 97 ; hardly any Evfiiov ktX. cf. P. Petrie III. 2 1 roO tov n. e.g. (g) 7 rrpos tt)i o-rp. 'Apo-ii/. [vop.ov TeT^aypevov, and on 1. 19. A tentative restoration of 11. is but 74 sqq. 75-8 given exempli gratia ; 71736 'Av8pov[i tv \ cf. 1. ii as the land had to a o-vvohos. 93. Itpa yi)i ; there, probably belonged 98. Was tKK.up.ivov a mistake for v-ttok.? Cf. 1. ioo, and 1. 20, where vno<. seems to have been written but the after was smaller than there. ; gap npo[aTaypaTos apparendy 102. Cf. 1. n. 81a tg>v stood 11. 58, Perhaps only PiftXiwv here ; or dvacpopcov (cf. 48-9) may be thought of. 46 IV. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS. 701. Register of Official Business. 84. Height 40-4 cm. 235 b.c. This papyrus, which is of unusual height and is inscribed on both sides, has been cut into several pieces together making two main portions, one of which contains on the recto two columns, the other three more, but of the last of these the remains are too slight to be worth reproducing. On the verso there are again five columns in all, but of the first, which corresponded to the last of the recto, only the extreme ends of lines are preserved and it may conveniently be omitted. Which of the two main fragments should be placed first is question- able. The recto of what we have called Fr. 1 relates to the month Hathur in at first (1. 85), and two mentions of Phaophi Fr. 2 (11. 144, 152) sight suggest that the latter preceded, a supposition which would accord with the fact that the hand of Fr. 1 is more cursive than that of Fr. 2. But names of other months, is Mecheir, Phamenoth, and Pharmouthi (11. 154-5) also occur, and there no difficulty in supposing e.g. that the fishermen's wages for Phaophi were not paid till the following month. The recto thus seems inconclusive and the arrange- ment adopted gives a more natural sequence for the verso, where (the position of the fragments becoming reversed) the account for the six months Mecheir- Epeiph in Fr. 2 is followed by references to Tubi and Pharmouthi in Fr. 1 (11. 316, 321). In any case the question is of no particular importance. Between Fr. 1 ii and Fr. 2 i of the recto one column at least is missing, but very likely no more, if the marginal figures in Fr. 2 refer to the same month as those in Fr. 1. If the fragments were placed in the reverse order the assumption of a gap between them, though probable enough, would not be necessary. The entire text is a record, arranged under the days of the month, of official business, principally documentary, though notes occur of other matters, e.g. at 1. 85 of the arrival of a certain official, at 11. 248 sqq. of proceedings at a session of nomarchs. The character of the transactions referred to is varied. Orders for the issue of seed-corn predominate on the recto (1 sqq.). Another prominent subject, which recurs on the verso, is the fishing industry (cargoes of fish, 11. 26, to fishermen for nets 38, freight charges, 29, 220, purchase, 228-9 ; payments and wages, 86, 150, 223), concerning which an interesting account of profit and expense on sales is given in 11. 194 sqq., following upon a half-yearly statement 701. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 47 of of amounts collected in respect various imports (11. 182 sqq.). Other entries the sale of land relate to the disposal of some sheep (1. 145), Crown (1. 174), costs for a to of building (1. 224), barley beer-shop (1. 246), payments guards (11. 250, 265), and a petition presented to the nomarchs, of which a copy is given in 11. 339 sqq. The names of the writers of letters are often omitted. Sometimes writer is mentioned 11. in one more than one (e.g. 86, 149) ; place (1. 31) two recipients are similarly associated, and it is frequently stated that a duplicate had been sent to a second person. Titles are regrettably seldom added. It is natural to identify Architimus, to whom much of the' correspondence is addressed, with the antigrapheus of that name who occurs in 1. 274, a supposition which seems to suit the variety of his activities (issue of corn passim, embarkation of fish, e.g. 11. 26, 38, disbursements of money, e.g. 11. 87, 229). He is commonly asked to give orders ( cf. also 1. n. the concerned was that of the industry ; 322, Possibly department oeconomus. At any rate, this document is a valuable specimen of the day-books kept in government offices. Texts of a similar class and of about the same period are P. Ashmol. = SB. Petrie III. Cairo Zen. 1 The 702, ( 4369 b), 87, 5901 , 59023. 1 2th year, in which 11. 183 sqq. are dated, is perhaps to be referred to the reign of I rather than that of his from the same is Euergetes predecessor ; 847, mummy, of the 30th year of Philadelphus. i. 1. Recto, Col. (Fr. i.) ^Ap\iTi/i(oi. \n.a . cocrre vi [rjpioXiou dxivSwov,] tol^tcli 8e ewpopia 5 [irvpbv KaTa Xoyov to]v o-nepfiaTos. 3 ^Ap^iripooL. gvvtcl^ov p]eTprjcrac Zokopcoi TLdcnTOS 48 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI ev [ eh tt)v 2vp]cov Kcoprji yfjv 1 6 letters coare dnoSovvai ] irv(pov) p., 10 [ey vecov fipioXiov dKtvS]vvov, rd^erai Se tov [tK(p6pia Trvpov Kara, X6yo]v crireppaTos. ] \ApyLTLp.coi. crvv^roL^ov fierpfjaai Uaovpi XjojofiTios coo-re diroSovvai [eh ttjv ne]pl Mvfjpiv 6X(vpas) i, X v^a)V aKlvSvVOV. %COCTCOl TO (WTO. 5 [*"Y ] VP-LoXlOV Sia Acopicovos. KaXXtn- ^Ap\i\Tl/iooi. avvTa£ov peTpfjcrai ev Tevaco [tt]coi eh ttjv ttjv dp.ireXcovt Kp(t$fj9) i, (bare dwoSovvaL ey vecov rjpioXiov dicivSvvov. 20 Scocrcoi to avTO. ApyiTipcoi. crvvTa£ov p.eTpr\crai AiocpdvrcoL eh IlaXid AiocpdvTov ttjv e/i yfjv Trv(pov) ey , cocrTe dnoSovvat ey vecov rjpioXtov aKLvSvvov, Ta^eTai Se eKCpopia nvpbv kcltcc Xoyov tov crirep- 25 jxctTos. XcoacoL to civt6. tov ^Apyj,]Tip.m. [crvvTa]£ov efi(3aXea6ai eh 'Adv[p e]v jfj fidpi 12 letters ... a ... . . [ ] Opicracov tci(X.) (Sp. ?) 'B, 1. [ ]t ' • • u €t$ vo-vXov to eV 30 [• '] yeivopevov ©ecovt. Sore . . tl eh ov [ ]cpdvei, Tlereae/x ey kol . . . eh k . [...]. Tpeh, / y. 6picr[aco]v [tcov] [(Sp.)] [ApyiT]ipcoL. crvvTa£ov fxeTpfjcrai [e/y] ttjv ev TaveacoTi yijv Trv(pov) dpT(d(3riv) a, [e]«popia nvpbv kclto. Xoyov tov cnreppaTOS. XcOCTCOL TO OLVTO. [tr]apd Acopicovos ApyjL.Tip.coi. ep.(3aXov AXe- tcov £di'8pcoi. Opiacra? fiivpias) eh k (Spaypcov), / 40 (irpcoT-qs) tc\ Svo p.eprj, SevTepa? to TpiTov, kccI dXd/3r)Ta$ 'Z eh tcov k (Sp.), tt)v Se 701. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 49 Ttfxrjv Xa/3e kolI to BoKifiaaTiKOv. 'ApXiTifMoi ^aipeiv. irenpaKapev ©6X1 tov KeaTpea tov ev Tapieieoi tov airr\v Kai dpcreva Xaov irpos 45 'iaov dv(d) (jrevTdofioXov), tov 8e vnepniTTTOVTa dpaeva dv(a) (reTpd>- fioXov). ovv avTa>i epfiaXov f ttjv Tiprjv Kopiadpevos to Kai TCOV [kcl]1 SoKipacrTiKOV, 6picro~d>v £e{yyri ?) T eh K (8p.). . . Uavdi Kai [. ,]coi ^aipeiv. epfiaXov Taccjos Opiacrcov (7rpd)TT]s) (Sevrepas) (5/).) x tcov k cov to. 8vo [els o] (5/o.), (irpdoTrjs) pepr), (Sevrepas) to Tphov. 1 8. 1. . . . 26. inserted rf]v yt\v. \apxiT\ifiui above the line. 40. 5. 48-9. 5, /3; 5 in I. 49 inserted above the line. ii. 1. Col. (Fr. ii.) 50 t). 'ApyiTipati. o~6vTa[£ov peTpijcrai els ev to>l . ttjv 7rept\[d>paTi yrjv Trv[pov) , coare dnoSovvat ey vecov r}[pi6Xiov aKivSvvov, ra£e- tcli Se e<(f>6pia irvpbv [ 55 'Ap^iTificoi. o~vvtcl£ov p[eTpijaai els ttjv ep. JJaXlr yr\v Trv(pov) e, [cocrre dnoSovvai ey vecov qpioXiov aKiv[8vvov, ra^ereu Se e«p6pia nvpbv Kara \6[yov tov aireppaTOS. 2,000-coi to a[VTO. 60 Ap^iTipcoi. o-vvT[a£ov ep(3aXea6ai &0X1 tov KeaTpea tov v\jrdpyovTa ev Tapieieoi /cara to eneaTaXpevov ao[i vnoXoyfjs, Tr)v 8e Tiprjv [Xdfie. Oecovi. ireirpaKapev ©0X1 tov K[eaTpea tov 65 virdpyovTa ev Tapieieoi di[Trjv Kai dpaeva taov npbs iaov dvia) (jrevToofi.), Kai tov VTr[epTTiTTTOVTa dpaeva dv(a) (reTpoofi.). epfiaXov ovv avT[5>i 8id ? tov d-n[o]XeXeypevov. Zaiirvpiujy SrjfioipuvTt. 1 6. ^Ap\iTipoii. perprjaov^ 'Ovvdxppi 6vpovpa>[i els tt\v E 50 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI 70 o-LTopeTp(av tov A6vp irv(pov) dpT(dfi-qv) ai_ k[oX 6vT]\a.T7}L 6\(ypa?) yL.8 Kal el? to v7ro£\yyiov to (3a8iaTiKov 6X(ypa?) y. Acapictiv 'ApxiTipooi. Set aireppa So[6fjvai ev to?? XaoT? Tots %vpcov Keoprji el? [ttjv o~k 75 [X]rjK[6]/3po)Tov yfjv. avvragov ovv to [yivopevov eKciaTeoi ov eo~Ti peTprjo-ai rj yrj [Slo. toov Trap' rjpoiv vwrjpeTcov, tov Se ir\rj6o[v? oaov dv Sodfji vo~Tepov aoi ypd^jropev yjpr\p.aT^crpdv. Sid K6p Ka>pr]i el? ttjv CTKOoXrjKofipcoTov yrjv anep/xa to yivopevov exdcrTGoL, eiriaKe^d- pevo? eK ttj? ypa . la. 85 irapeyeveio Kopcov [[. .]] A6vp ict. [TKo/icoi/]] AvTiadevrj? NiKavSpo? Apyj.Tip.coi. So? toI? eK TeiiTvo? dXievcri IlaavTi IlacoTO? Kal UaaVTL IldiTO? el? SiKTva a-jaTa (Spaypd?) v. tovto Se dnoSdoo-ovo-iv eK tov tcov 9° ToOofJTO? Tepfipvo? aeK^doXia (Sp.) pv. 69. apxt-Tin<*i ixerprjaov crossed through, the latter word inadvertently. 80. Immedi- this line . . . . ately above another, q^xiTitj-Vi avvra^ov v. ..[, has been expunged. 91. kohuv over an expunction. iii. 2. Col. (Fr. i.) [to irepi AXa](3av6t8a irv(pov) le, coo~T€ dir[o8ov-] 95 [vai ey vecov] rjpioXiov aKivSvvov, ra£[erat] [Se to, eK(f>6pia] nvpbv kcitcc. Xoyov tov crire[pp]aTO?. Mevcovi clvto. [ ? t]o [tcov ev epyao~T\r}pia}i irdvTcov kol& rjpd[? ovtcov ? [ApytTipoii. o~v]vTa£ov p.eTpfjcrai IIavcra[viat. ?] 701. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 51 100 [o-neppa eh] tt]V rrepl Tapaviv yr\v [rrv(pov)] k(3, vkoov [coore dno]8ovuaL ky fjpioXiov [aKiv-] Se [Svvov, Ta]£eTai eKcpopia irvpov /car[a Xoy]ov Mevoovi to [tov o-rrepp\aTos. avT[6.] [Ap^LTipooi. . . [tov crneppaTO? .] [ ]o\r)9. aXieicov to. [rrepl tg>v ]f eTrexooprjOr) \md[p-] [yovTa SiKTva] y, enel Se tt\v knlyyaiv Toh vvvl 'iva 115 [ dn^oSovvai kpyd- [fav Tai tt}V ? ye^pepivqv, etnaKe^aaQai Se [ 8ik]tvo,. L0VVCToSdi [Apy^iTipoji. avvTa~\£ov peTpfjcrai A pooi AttoXXoSotcoi [ Ka]l aireppa etc irevTe Kal T€- 120 [eh ttjv irepl] Uoap yr\v ooo~Te dtroSovvai [ ] Kp(idr}s) e, [ky v'eoov r\pLoXio]v dnivSwov. [? Mevoovi to av\ro. ^ApyiTifxmi. pe]Tprjcro^ eh ttjv irepl to>l 1 125 [ fjv e]x^ ^avfjais "flpov irv(pov) [tov cnreppaTo?. M.]eva>vi to clvto. [Ap^LTipcoi. avvTct\£ov peTpfjaac Mappfji Kal Kal 130 [ IIe]Teo-ov)((0i IpovOov 1. . 001 Kal [ 15 ] *ZtOTOT]TI 12 1. . . 8 [ ] [. o]vaiv to Kara ttoXlv [ eh] nepl Trv{jpov) v, E 1 52 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI dnoSovvai vk I- . . 1- [ 15 ] [ 15 129. tr of ficTpqaai corr. from t. 2. Col. iv. (Fr. ii.) dTroSaxrei S' ky vecov rjpioXtov cc[klp8]vvov, ji Tagerai Se tol kwfiopLa nvpbv Kara Xo]yov tov ankppaTos. Mkvcovi t[o aVTO. wpoXoyqaev Ne^Oevi^L? 'Zoyjnfyov K]ara- fiaXeiv knl Tpdirefav vnep p[. . . .] I Ka K€ €is (Sp.) pX6, $ad> 145 irtpi 'Appcoviov. eTreiSrj rereXey-7j[ ay\[i]o-TevovTa? avrov p€Tay[ayka]$ai t icaTa/SaAXera). 150 NUavSpo? 'AvTicrBkvqs Ap\nTip(oi \yaip{\iv. aXiti Sb$ Nt)(da.pl3fji XoKtcos 6yjr[d>via] Toh tov knl a^eSiaL aXuvai 4>aoo(j>i. edooKtv N€)(6tvi(3i? Xoy&Tov aiT[oXo}yo? . d €X[aP]ev MtX ip kS d Ka . 155 _&appov6i y, / PT(d(3ai) £, { ] . . Mappkm Kdirr)Xo<$ ^apevcoO k<7 [. .] 01 <5e (pipovaiv €. 'Ap\iTipcoi. avvTa^ov peTpfjo-ai Aio[. . . .] IlaXlT . AioTipov eh ttjv kp yrjv nv(pov) [. .] 160 a>crTe dnoSovvai ky vka>v r)pioXio\y aKivSvvov, Ta£erai Se tov nvpov [to,] k«p6pia nvpbv KaTa Xoyov tov e 165 ety ttjv ep IlaXh yfjv nv(pov) Kp(i6rj?) 1, c^crre] dnoSovvai ky vecov rjpioXiov aKiv8v[vov,] rdgeTcu 8e tov nvpov Kara Xoyov t\ov cnrep-] fiaro?. Mevtovi to ai>TO. . . 'Ap-^tTificoi. avvra^ov furpfjaai Apco[. .] 170 (SovkoXcol cnreppa e/y to nep^aipa [to nepi] 'AXa(3av6i8a nv(pov) k kp(lOt)s) X, cSore diro8ovv\_ai\ vkoov olkIvSwov ei . . . . . ky rjpioXiov a{. .,] TagtTai <5e to. kwpopia nvpbv K tov cnrep/xaTos. Mivcovi to av^To.] Sicov x 75 \k\irptaTO AttoXXcovlos Aiovvcrios To[6or)$ ?] tov (3ao~iXiKov napaSeiaov dv{a) nv^pov) etjor(a/3ay) 8ia[Koo~ias.] [Ni]K to [(3]a8iaTLKOv 6X(vpas) /?. tcov tt6 toko-Suv tS>v . . nepl kpp[. .] e/y r TOKaSas . . . 180 r[a]y kcpaivtTO cro[ .] . 6 eV2 . . Tp[. .]v k/3 3 Ka[l T]o$OT]S to[. .] i€. / kv tois k[(3], p.8, X(onrai) pe <5e*a[ ] 155. k of kS corr. from 1? 156. I. Mappevs or Kan^Xov. 159. ov of 8iotiuov re- written. Col. v. 2a)7raJT/3ftH occurs as an addressee, and in the margin near the end of the column the day of the month k(3. ii. 2. Verso, Col. (Fr. ii.) Tov tj3 (erouy) dvacpipei IloXepcov [tcc] dno Meylp eooy 'EttucP XeXoy€vp[iva] covcov 8 . 185 dno ra(A.) [.]<, a kiriKtcpaXiov ra(A.) [ iepcov (popov pirg [ kvoiKL(av | [ dprreXov p£/3 [ 190 wpofiaToov (popov B)(X [ voS 7rpa.KTopeias [ dAoy dnb KT)Xooveia>v Xa[ 'BooXa / ra(A.) q (nevToofi.). J 95 l\6vo$ Tt/irj, a eyei IIoXep:co[v'] kv reoi 8 vop.au knpdOrj ra(A.) [ kv . Meptyei Ta(A.) y [. .] (fjpito/3. ?), kv Trji yd>pai 'A, kv AXe£av8peiai ra(A.) r\ 'BpoS (nevTcofi.), 200 / (jdX.) ig A-^rve (nevTonfi.) {r}pi(o/3.). dnb tovtov dvrjXooTai. eh tov \nX\ovv kv Mepcpei reAoy ra(A.) a 'B tov . eh tt]V yd>pav yjra (o/3. ?), tov eh AXe£dv8peiav dnoaTa- XevTO$ . 205 dvrjXcopa (pepei Tv[ ,] tov eh AXe£dv8peiav Tapiyo[v] reAoy ra(A.) y 'B *at aAAa dvrjXcopaTa tyepei dvT]X[oo]Kcbs eh top vopbv ra Kal eh ya>p.aTa [eTe]pa ra(A.) [£] '/j *at €*y ror lyBvv enmXoTs K[al] net . . oty 215 d\jrd)via Kal dXX dvr\XdpaTa (rdX.) (3 'Ak<$ (Svofi.), to tov 6 'Ea^a ndv dvriXa>p.a eh vopb[v] (rdX.) (rpicofi. ?), Xoind a tyipei KaQapd eycov ano l)([0]vo$ Kal tov vopov eW Entity p.r)vbs (rdX.) a 'A[pia (reTpd>(3.). ra Xoind r^y Ky. ApyiTtp[coi. 809 ? to coaTt to . 220 eh Aoopiatvo? A/3 eh [ aAAo* 80s AnoXXavim eh to vavXov t\ eh AXe- tov T £dv8peiav Tapiyov [ dXXo' 809 ToOoiji Kal Xoy^Trji — eh Toils enl a^eSiai to 6^d>vLo\y 701. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 55 iii Col. (Fr. 2. iii). 225 AvTicrdevrj? NiKavSpo? [Ap^LTipcoi ? el? to. . ol- 86? "SlJlCOl'L [ K080p.ovp.eva e[v toi? opioi? (5p.) t[ 'Ap^nijxooL. avvTa£[ov Sovvai a el? k 230 Tip.rj? Optacrcov (fy>.) [tcov (8p.). to 'Epyo^dpei o.vt[6. 'Ap\tripa>c 8b? A io(pdvTGo[i el? "£lp.ov ov \6yov 8d\creL ApviTl/xcoi. crvvTa£[ov 'AvTiaOevov? 235 vnep [ Ap^iTipcoi. 8idypa^r\ov el? to, Kara Mep.[abiv edv 8e tl irXelov SoOfjii 7rpoo$[ KOI k< 240 17 KGLTayQelcra Qpicrcra [ ev e.Tip.r\Qr] Mepfyei (SevTepa?) el? 0. / 'Ar\y (8vo(3.). 'ApxiTipcoi. (rvvTa£[ov fierprjaat 245 (I? ttjv ev rm 8pvpa>[i aijcrdpov dpT(d(3.) y e[ Mevcovi $ai>rj[o~LO? ev 'ApyLTifiau avvTa£ov p.eTp[r)o~aL el? to gVT07rd>\lOV Kp(l6fj?) p. [ 250 KJ5. Ap\LTip:(OL. avvra£ov [ Site .111. L (rdXavTa) k Kal t[o>i] 'Acnc\r}TTLd.[8T)i kO . . . y, / (rd\.) [. to 255 'EpyoX[dp]ei ay[r6. to avTo NA.7r[o\\]o8d)pa)[i ?]] eo~ . . . Ky. elo~e866r) ay [ PAPYRI 56 TEE'TUNIS o € 0S *T 8 t 1 t eis k8. 'Ap\iTi/i[m.] gdv[8pe]iav .[.]...[ iov Kal € [ a els o\ [ y AvTiaQkvr\i [ a\\o. . . . rots 265 added above the line. fi. «. Initial t corr. 252. /3. 230. rifii]s 242. 251. (from e«?). Col. iv (Fr. 1. i). . . rSiV [. .]a, avveSpevovTcov vopapyaiv tov 275 [Ka]l 'Apx[i]TLpov dfTiypatyios [Ka]Te [K]al "flpov 'IpovOov avvTa^dvTOdv [[fat]] 1 T ,' 280 [[[ ] [tt)v] Tiprjv dpT(d(3.) kcclS', I 18} dv(d) { (8p.) Cj7/, (L8'] dv(a) V iP, ' tS>l [ ]ti Ivapa>TO$ AiopvaoScopcoi, ieL 285 KaXacripci dpT(d(3.) dv(a) {pp.) rj (Sp.) p<8, Kal avTWL Aiovvao8d>pa>i dpT(d(3.) 9, arj(rd(p.ov) L.8fr\ (8p.) / (5p.) crcj. tcpepev 8\ Kal "WevTjais nao-TcxpSpos SeScoKobs apT(a/3.) Ae5', / Xokovcol avrl e<5 290 xr)vo/36(TKa)i -rrai8apiov dpT(d(3.) , Kal AiovvaoSoopm avrl fiobs Kal p.oayapt°v K&6ap°v y^-« SeScoKevai twv 8\ k^L dpT(d/3.) e(prj T7]v Tip.T]v AiovvaoSdopooi Kal 701. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 57 Kal . . 295 Mkv(avi Kal "S2pa>L 'Ifiovdov 8[.]a>i $avrj Kal to>v kOvcov apriafi.) iyL. SeSoadai ai/Tois tt)v Tip.T]v e£ 77 {8p.) } Kal WeviOov JJok&tos dpT(d(3.) k pp. 300 irapovTe? 8k Kal avrol Kal irepl tovtow avaKpivopLtvoi ov\ o)fio\6yow. . . . I which is bracketed. bracketed and 277. Tifajp above Siowcroftoopou, 278. [<]ai Siowo-obapov added above the line. 293. After 8e a blank space. 1. Col. v (Fr. ii). 1 a lines lost. TldiTL . aXAo* 809 [ 315 ^dXlKl T0V(T7)[ \8 tov Tvpi (8p.) [ 'iva L p.r] KooXvrjTai f) xi^ i ? npb? tt}v o"xt8iav [ tTTOifjaaTO 'lKa8ia>v VTrbp.v7)pa irapa tcov M.iKpo\ip.\ya(oiV ? r . avTLypacpa avyypacpfjs [ kv to>l . irapa JJavaKTrjc /*e[.] [ 325 Kvpia d£ta>crai'Tos Stpcov[o\? j avrov crvyypd^aaOat e[ TOVS kp\ (pvXaKTJL ovTa? [ Kal to . [ dpyvpiou [ avTa>v 330 nap' \ typatyav 8\ Kal %vt€v£[iv coy v7roK€iTai ? toIs vopapyais 01 MiK{po\i/j.i>acot ? ^ai^peiv). - ecmv ov . . . rjpuv d fii]vo9 Kal ov 8vi>dp[eda to>v 8iKaia>v 335 Tvyeiv npo? tovs Ka>fj.[dp^a9 ?, dXXd 58 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI e£€pr)fi(OKa kou tariv vvv eprjfio?. ti>[tv)(6pe6a ovv vp.lv tov Saipova tov [ftaaiXicos pf] ncpuSeiv rjpcov tt)[p Kcoprjv ovcrav 340 eprjpov. (3ovX6pe6a yap [aTroXvd£vT€9 ? to. SiKaia no€iv avTois, Ka[l pevu kirl knl tovtoi? J7 Kcoprj ^a>[pa?, oVcoy Kal pr)6\v 8iairi7TTT)i tco[i (3a el ovv Kal vp?v SoKei pr] 7repi[i8€iv 345 ovtoos fjpas T€ Kare)(op[£pov9 Kal tt]v Koop-qv eprjpov, £[a]6[p€0a t5>l f5acri.\tl xprjcripoi. of 1-5. 'To Architimus. Give orders for the measurement to Sokonus son of Pasis, for the dyke-area at Alabanthis, of . . . artabae of wheat, to be returned from the new crop with an increase of one half, all risks excluded, and he shall pay rent in wheat proportion- ate to the seed.' 1-5. Cf. 11. 7—11, 21—5, 50-9, 94 sqq., P. Lille 39-51. Since Zokovos is an uncommon name (not in Preisigke's Namenbuch), the borrower was probably the same as in 1. 7. In what relation the rent stood to the seed is not stated. It is noticeable that the clause specifying the rent is omitted where the loan did not consist of wheat. 13. naovfii : or lladvfii, for which cf. P. Cairo Zen. 59173. 37. 14. The abbreviation, which recurs in 11. 71-2, consists of a small o adjoining the X on the left side of the top; cf. e.g. P. Petrie III. 99. 19, 101. 14. 18. Teraa) is an unknown local name, rrju for yrjp is clearly written. 22. Tlaki6, in 11. 56, 159, and 165 spelled iTaXtV, is not otherwise known. The name was cited from this papyrus in P. Tebt. II. p. 393. ilaXtV as a personal name occurs in P. Amh. 142. 6. 27. Opiaaoov: cf. 11. 32, 39, 47-8, 90, the genitive occurring in all these places except 1. 39, where the accusative with a numeral is used. In the present case dpiauwv is followed by what may be the abbreviation of raXavrov, which is supported by 1. 48, where the word is but i.e. as in 1. could also governing clearly (bpaxnal) ; a, npartji, 40 (see below), be read. In 1. 47 a different abbreviation is used, having the form of a tall narrow z with a horizontal stroke on the right, Z, which we suggest may stand for Ovyi' Opiacrai are men- tioned also in P.Mich. Zen. 2. n, 72. 6, Cairo Zen. 59040 and 59261 (dpicra-tpnopoi 59261. 3). In the latter papyrus, which is dated 251 B.C., they were sold at 2 dr. for 5, whereas in is 2 for the rate in 1. 701 the normal value dr. 7 ; cheaper specified 90 was due to the special circumstances. In 11. 40 and 48-9 the fish are distinguished as n-po^s and Scvrepas, but there is no difference in price, which would rather be expected if they were graded according to size. 28. : cf. 1. els 1 = on the 10th. Perhaps [a>v npf]v tc^tou e.g. 42. rfjv ? 30. [IxOtyl 701. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 59 Ka\ written small and rather above the was an 32. 6pia[aS)]v ktX., very line, apparently afterthought. unknown but included in the list in P. Tebt. II 34. Tavta-SiTi : another otherwise place, (P- 403)- 38-47. 'From Dorion to Architimus. Embark for Alexander 10,000 thrissae at 70 and for 20 dr., of which two-thirds are of the first grade and one-third of the second, 7,000 value the assessor's alabetes, at 70 for 20 dr., and take the and charge. the To Architimus, greeting. We have sold to Tholis the cestreus in the magazine, non-male and male in equal numbers, at 5 obols each, and the males in excess at 4 ob. Also Accordingly embark it for him, having received the value and the assessor's charge. 3,000 pairs of thrissae at 70 for 20 dr.' former was a 41. The price of the aXd^rts is the same as that of the dplo-o-ai. The fish of considerable size, as seen in P. Oxy. 1857, where 5 uXd^res weighed 70 pounds. Zen. It is mentioned along with dpla-a-ai also in P. Mich. 72. 5. for the of who 42. 8okipaartKov : apparently a charge made maintenance SoKipao-raL, with cf. P. Hibeh 106 no. and 1. below. were associated rpane(iTm ; introd., 30, n., 47 to a different but 43-5. Cf. 11. 64 sqq., where a similar letter, addressed person the evidently concerning the same transaction, is registered. The xearptvs resembled in both in the sea and in the Nile cf. Strabo e« 6pi(T 73-84. 'Dorion to Architimus. Seed should be given to the people in the village Syron for the worm-eaten land. Give orders therefore for the quota to be measured to each owner through our subordinates, and we will afterwards write you a statement of the amount given. Through Comon.' ' each To Menon. Measure out to the people in the village Syron for the worm-eaten land man's quota of seed, ascertaining it from the list which you have from us.' These two letters are evidently complementary, like those in 11. 43-7 and 60 sqq. 1. 81. P.S.I. where on the 74. o-KoA]nK{o]3paTop is assured "by Cf. 490. 14, present Grenfell's which has been too analogy yr)v has a better claim to be supplied than Kpi6i)v, as Rostovtzeff readily accepted, P. Cairo Zen. 59433. 14-15, where, observes, [ 86-90. 'Antisthenes and Nicandrus to Architimus. Give to the fishermen from for fixed nets This Teptus, Pasus son of Paos and Pasus son of Pais, (?) 50 drachmae. they shall repay out of their share of thrissae at the rate of 200 for 20 dr.' 60 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI This passage, together with some others in the present papyrus, brings welcome in evidence concerning the fishing industry, confirming the view maintained Vol. I, p. 49 that that industry was a government monopoly; cf. especially 11. 1 13-17, 150-2, 214-15. What is here said leaves no longer room for doubt that the fishermen worked for the State a share of the fish avrav 11. as well as owner of the fishing rights, receiving (1-6 pepos, 89-90) 1. The State for the of as a wage ( 87. Tenrvos : cf. introd. and P. Petrie III. 46 (5) 10 iv'Thrrvi. The present passage shows that the nominative is T«rrvs or -tv, not -rius, which was adopted in the index of P. Petrie and in P. Tebt. II, p. 404. 88. arard: enrd is apparently not to be read. is the letter after is more like o> than a. 93. tr€K/3a)Xiu enigmatical ; (3 94. For the initial supplement cf. e.g. 1. 105. Line 98 suggests that perhaps ('pyao-Trjpiov rather than is here to be cf. 89. 12 roh t6 irepix^p-a (11. 2, 170) supplied ; airoXoyoio-i n(p\ to in the avTTjv, 111. 2-3 rots (titoX. -nep\ Qeoyoviba ipyaarr^piov, and other parallels collected n. on the former passage, 774. 11, &c. 98. This seems to be a postscript to the foregoing entry. If the initial supplement is right, the beginning of the line must have projected slightly beyond 11. 94-6. " fi 1 is restored from 1. and Kai on account of the in 1. 104-5. [p° '] 125, plural no, though it is hardly certain that an independent entry does not begin at 1. 109. For to nepl 'AA. cf. 1. 94, n. 1 1 0. E.g. Trapii-[8eio-uv. 1 13-17. This entry is apparently concerned, like 11. 86 sqq., with fishing-nets. For at the cf. 11. but a name in the dative nep) beginning e.g. 145, 179 ; irepl ™]y preceded by is of course also If i f v 1' in 1. 116 is some such word as possible. rrju x \p p<- h right, aypav may be understood. 120. U6ap = U6av, for which P. Petrie, III. 82. 17 is presumably to be added to the line of that o-e. e. seems references given in P. Tebt. II. p. 396. (In the preceding text, fiat this line looks but the likely to be "ZeBpenndi or ^vOvkiu). At the end of Tt\rdpTov likely, meaning is obscure. 124. Ttat should perhaps be written with a capital letter, though no such locality is is known : a mistake for to improbable. 133. Kara n6\iv, if the previous words are rightly read, designates an area and may be a be compared with the Hermopolite Uep\ noXiv. Either an {pyaa-rrjpiov or neplx ' 142-152. Nechthenibis son of Sochotes agreed to pay to the bank on account of . . . the amount of 139 drachmae, of which 66 were due on Phaophi 21, 73 on the 25th. Concerning Ammonius. Since the shepherd anda person from whom he received the his relatives be and about the if one sheep are dead, let summoned questioned sheep ; any ? to taken them let him make agrees (to take them or having ?), payment. Nicandrus and Antisthenes to Architimus, greeting. Give to Nechthambes son of Sokeus, fisherman, the wages for Phaophi for the fishermen on the raft.' the 142-4. Cf. 1. 153, which shows that Nechthenibis was a sitologus. Apparently 1. if month was Hathur cf. amounts in 144 had been paid, the current ; p. 46. the of this is not 145 sqq. Owing to the ambiguity of 6/^oXoyoI, meaning paragraph had or to very clear. Was the problem to trace sheep which disappeared, merely replace 701. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 61 the shepherd ? The mention of the person from whom the shepherd had received them seems to be in favour of the latter supposition. — 2. Cf. 1. tls rovg eV« to 1. In 151 224 ax- 6\j/apio[i> , 318 irpos rrjv 1 80-I...... Perhaps 2o[. .] rp\e(pbi\v to[77coi']. 182. te in front of this line is apparently a misplaced day of the month. Perhaps 8eica[voh at the end. This account seems to be in a hand different from that of the it 183-218 sqq. recto ; becomes smaller and more cursive as it proceeds. ' 183-94. 1° tne I2tn year Polemon reports the amounts collected from Mecheir to Epeiph : from sales 4 talents . . . dr., for capitation 1 tal., temple-dues 187 dr., for rent 60 dr., for vineland 162 dr., for sheep-dues 263^] dr., collectors' receipts 474 dr., for salt 290 dr. 1 obol, from water-wheels 31 dr.: total 6 tal. 2831 dr. 5 ob.' '. i.e. first half cf. 184. anb Mex>p eag Ent l : II. 189. apntXov elsewhere dpntXiicd (P. Petrie 13 (17) 3, III. 100 (3)), and dp.n(\a>va>v II. ' 195-218. Proceeds of fish, in the hands of Polemon : sale in the nome, 4 talents i . . . at tal. ... dr. in the at [? dr.], Memphis 3 ob., country 4,000 dr., Alexandria 8 tal. 2,174 dr. 5 OD - Total 17 tal. 1,755 dr. 5^ 0D - Less cost of transport, namely tax at 1 the to Memphis tal. 2,500 dr., on consignment the country 79[.] dr. 1 ob., on that sent to Alexandria he reports expenses amounting to 34[oo] dr., tax on salt fish to Alexandria 3 tal. 2,584 dr. 3^ ob. Total 6 tal. 653 dr. 4^ ob. Remainder in hand from proceeds of salt fish 11 tal. 1,102 dr. 1 ob. He further reports other expenses for the nome, namely, the tal. dr. 1 and for dykes, &c, 7 4,964 ob., on the fish, for wages to escort and . . . and other expenses 2 tal. 1,026 dr. 2 ob. : total of expenses for the nome 9 tal. 5,990 dr. 3 ob. Remainder, which he reports as nett in hand from fish and the nome up to the month Epeiph, 1 tal., 1,1 11 dr., 4 ob.' 202-8. The tax here, which is at the high rate of about 40 per cent., though paid on cannot be the or P. Petrie III. Tapi\os (1. 206), Terdprr] raplxov -\T)puv (cf. 58 (c), 117 (/;), Cairo Zen. 59206), which was not only less heavy but was levied on the manufacturer, not collected at the place of sale. On the other hand the percentage seems excessive for an import duty. With regard to these figures there is a considerable discrepancy between the sum of the items as and the total of 1. and error or v given 208, some omission has occurred ; the doubtful in 1. 205 is possibly x, but that will not mend the arithmetic. is for fill o 213. There perhaps just room [eVej^a, but two letters would the space and could be read in place of p. 214. enlnXooi are known in the Ptolemaic period from B.G.U. 1742. 17, 1743. 13 (=Archiv viii. 188-9); c f- the ^mKiwv in P. Cairo Zen. 59389. They may have accompanied of or have a more check on the fishermen's cargoes fish, kept general work. *[al] 7rai§tW would be admissible, but the letter alter n may be X. 216. The number of the talents would more naturally be read as e, but that does not suit the since an e is in 1. 218. At the end of the are arithmetic, impossible line, <\ (rptw/3.) still more a matter of inference, the scanty vestiges being really unrecognizable. 219 sqq. This supplementary paragraph was entered in a hand smaller than that of the rest of the column, probably by a different person. It is evidently the continuation of 11. 257—8, which were a later insertion in their column. At the end of 1. 219 a name is and in 1. 221 like els is in 1. missing, something t[S>v ayovrwv wanted. The amount 222 might be read as (reTpwpoXov), but that seems impossibly small. Tothoes in the next line may be the same person as in 1. 92. 238. This line was inserted after 1. 239 had been written, n nXdov refers to the amount which Architimus was directed to pay. . . . o 11. 242. (fieurepay) was apparently an afterthought. For (fievr/pn?) cf. 48-9 and n. on 1. 27. 248-9. Inserted later. ' . . . to in 255. 'Epyox[ 260. : cf. III. i. ii. Lille kind of /3atotf[Xi>7r]i'ov P. Petrie 129 (a) 11, (b) 12, 1, 25. 43; some 701. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 63 boat is apparently meant, ris paioitXvniov possibly recurred after Kai in 1. 262, but the letters are too indistinct for recognition. iv cf. 1. but the word is not ouaiv. 266. For (f)v\[a\Krjt. 327 ; following . at a session of thenomarchs and Architimus the 274-301. 'On f. .] 1st, antigrapheus, Sisouchus son of Kalasiris attended and said that he had given the value of 38^ artabae of sesame, namely, to Pokus, corn-measurer, on the valuation of Dionysodorus and Menon and Horus son of Imouthes, 21^ art., of which 14 were at 7 dr., making 98, and 7! at 62 to . . . son of and Kalasiris art. at 8 8, making ; Inaros, Dionysodorus, 15^ dr., making dr. and to himself art. of sesame worth 6 total dr. 124 ; Dionysodorus ^ dr.; 290 Psenesis, pastophorus, also reported having given 35^ art., namely to Sokonus, gooseherd, for a slave to for a cow and unblemished calf and of the 5^- art., and Dionysodorus 3^ ; (remaining) 26^ art. he said that he had given the value to Dionysodorus and Menon and Horus son of . . . son of at 8 282 dr. that Imouthes and Phanesis, corn-measurer, dr., making ; and of the value had the 13^ art. of the associations been given them at the rate of 8 dr., and of the 20 art. of Psenithus son of Pokas 140 dr. They themselves, however, being present and being asked about this did not agree.' 287. dv(a) (8p.) C was perhaps inadvertently omitted after o-rjad^ov). 290-2. avrl = for the services of? The amounts are too small to be prices. 296. The number anP is suspect as being a multiple of neither 26^ nor 8, and a mistake for o-t/3 seems likely. 297. Whether these Wvr) were priestly classes or other associations is not clear. 301. This line is followed by a considerable blank space. 314. The figure 8 denoting the 4th of the month stood against one of the lines lost in the upper part of this column. : the uncertain letter before the lacuna is more like than tt the k 322. MtKpoktf^yaiav p ; is confirmed 1. where the same occur. by 332, people apparently MiKpoXipvaloi (or -Xipv^rai ?) lacks authority, but the pwpd Xipvr) is known as a minor division of the Arsino'ite nome in the cf. P. It was in the early Ptolemaic period ; Tebt. II, p. 350. probably north-east of the is it is nome, the district with which 701 chiefly concerned ; and not heard of after the third century B.C., during the course of which it was presumably absorbed in the division of Heracleides. Of the reason for its disappearance we are uninformed, but the complaint of the petitioners in 11. 331 sqq. that their village was in process of decay may be significant, if the name in 1. 332 is rightly restored. ' 331-47. They further wrote a petition as follows: The dwellers by the Small Lake to the nomarchs, greeting. It is now a period of . . . months that we have been under restraint and we are unable to obtain our the comarchs (?), rights against (?) ; they have laid waste our village and it is now deserted. We beg you therefore by the genius of the not to suffer the deserted state of For wish are king our village. we [,if we released,] to deal fairly by them, and on these terms the village will remain as it was before, in order that there may be no loss to the king. If, therefore, you think fit not to suffer us to be shall thus put under restraint and the village to be deserted, we serve the king's interests '. is obtained from 1. cf. 1. which that some at least 333. Ka[rex6pe6a 345 ; 327, implies of the villagers had been actually imprisoned. Perhaps they were fishermen who had been guilty or accused of some irregularity. 335. dXXd : or e.g. olirep. 337-8. Cf. 765. IO, P.S.I. 361. 6 opvva be 701 (a). Register of Official Correspondence. 39(a)- 17 x 10-5 ^n. About 131 b.c. This fragment, probably from the end of a column, seems to be similar in character to the preceding papyrus. Its short paragraphs, which are separated like of the by slight intervals, look copies integral parts of official communi- cations on various subjects. The lines, written in a rather small cursive, were apparently of considerable length, but to judge from 1. 9, where there is an appreciable blank space after the last word, the loss at the ends is slight. Lines P. illicit 1-5 relate to the tax on beer (cf. 40. 4, Hibeh 106. 7, &c), 6-8 to sale of some monopolized product (beer again?), 9-10 to crops, 12-13 to some property which had become alytaXocpop-qros, i.e. presumably swept away by an encroachment of the lake. The 39th year mentioned in 1. 5 refers to the reign of Euergetes II. STL jl\ KGU €7TL TCOV \OLTTG>V a>y KCU del TT)]v TiprjU KdOdlTZp . dXXd els ovOzv ] tt}v fjyayev f]p.a$ avvTeXelo-6[ai tov XB 5 ] (frouy). . ] eroty eniTifiois fjp.ds TrepifidXXziv p.a[ kav ] dyopdfofiev (3ao~iXiKG>v TrpaTrjpicav ea[ ]p£vov$ 77 TTapairobkovvTas. tov kou Kara ray ]ju&)j/ IO ]0V TTVpOV KaOoTL KUL TTpOTtpOV. 1 tTraKoXovOeTv. kcli ]kov alyiaXcxpoprJTOv yivojikvoy [ ] 9. k of Kara corr. I. Perhaps npaypartvo^evoi. Instead of irpocrpftirretv en, -penrTflre Tt might possibly be in read. This verb recurs in 759. 6 (cf. P. Oxy. 1678-9); the present passage the sense seems to be like that of itTipinreiv in 5. 183-5, 790. 9, and antithetical to enovalws irpoatX- in 66vTt[s the next line. 702. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 65 5. A0 seems preferable to A/8. 6—8. Cf. the COnjundion of eniriftov and irapairoAt'iv in 38. 4—7. fiaaiKiKa nparrjpiaSeQm not in the v of is to have occurred previously papyri. The ]p.dvovs unsatisfactory. n. : or are alternatives. ] iijaKokovddv k\o.tuk. n]apaK. possible 12. alyia\o(popr)Tov : cf. 7roTnpo 702. Register of Official Correspondence. no. Height 19 cm. About 260 b.c. Both the recto and verso of this papyrus, of which there are two or three fragments, were utilized for copies of official letters, written in short columns. It is, however, in wretched condition, and only the following letter, which is one of those on the verso, seems worth reproducing. Though the text of this is in places uncertain, its gist is clear. The writer complains of long delay in getting in a debt from certain byssus-workers, and implores his correspondent to take steps to exact payment from them. Another letter addressed to the same person followed. date is indicated the hand other from the same An early by ; papyri mummy are of the 22nd year (of Philadelphus), and this document may be referred to about the same period. Cf. 701. Verso, Col. i. 8 7 lines, concluding . . . cocttz irpoe£r})(dai [r]a Xonra Kal d8iKtlo~6ai 8 tool rjpds Kal [ev] tovtcol pepei. . . aim. irXeovaKi? aoi Kal [.] eVreraA/zou 10 X Kal yiypacpa to kv tois ftvao-ovpyol? vvv [o]v 6 [KJal Oecov, eiTTep rivd aavTOV Col. ii. [Aoyjoi' £x eiy KaL Vl*®"' T°$\? v 15 dvdpco-Toys [.] Si^a. \jiur- dwv dvdy to. ad>p.aTa. ov yap en Trpo(f>do~€[is tov? ISiov? tyovaiv (pdptvoi [ F 66 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI fieWovs vtyaiveiv (TvvreTe- uaiv. . 1S0 . . . 20 Xccrpeuoi yap [ noiTjcreis Sikcligos av clvtos 7rpa[£ . . . to dpyvpiov, [[ ]] £Tri8ei£[as rm rcof . . dp-^Kpe? irapd Aiofip.ov [. a>v a.Tte 1 lines, beginning aW-q. 10. For the fivo-ampyoi cf. 5. 239 sqq., and on the linen industry generally 703. 87 sqq. and nn. For the cross in the left cf. introd. there is a similar margin 730, ; cross opposite the second line of the following letter, 1. 27. 18-19. fieWovs is a difficulty. The first X may be o, and possibly an t was inserted that letter that is for is between and e, but not helpful, Ka\nei\\ovs incredible ; naWovs cannot be read. Perhaps then cjia^voi (6Vt) . . . pe\\uvo(i) was meant : a short substantive may have stood at the end of 1. 18, if IBlovs (or possibly Upovs) is right. 20-1. o-v ovv el . . the then at 5jk«i 703. Instructions of a Dioecetes to a Subordinate. 8. Height 32-5 cm. Late 3rd century b.c. Plate III (recto, Col. iv). This important papyrus contains a copy of a long memorandum (v-n6p.vr]p.a) giving detailed instructions on the management of various departments of the royal revenues; for a survey of the contents see p. 73. Owing to the mutilation of the covering letter which was prefixed, the identity of neither the writer nor the addressee is certainly known. If the name Zenodorus (Zenothemis is an alternative) is rightly read in 1. 1, it may be supposed that the author was so called and internal evidence that he was the dioecetes at ; strongly suggests Alexandria (see below, p. 67). Not only does his memorandum deal almost exclusively with royal revenues, but he it was who had sent the addressee to a province and probably appointed him (11. 358-9). Moreover, there are similar instructions, or mentions of them, in other documents which emanate from the dioecetes. As for the person addressed, of the officials representing in the nome the department of finance, the oeconomus seems the most likely : the 703. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 67 subjects of the memorandum coincide with matters dealt with by the oeconomus 1 in the third century B.C. Especially instructive are a comparison with P. Petrie III. 32 {a)-(g), a series of petitions to the oeconomus of the Arsinoi'te nome, and a study of the duties of the oeconomus as revealed by Zenon's correspon- dence cf. Rev. de et hist. iv. It is clear from that corres- ; Beige phil. p. 652. pondence (e.g. P.S.I. 330, P. Cairo Zen. 59041, 59073,59096-7, 59109), and from P. Hibeh 133, how close were the relations between the oeconomus and the dioecetes in the third century B.C. Later, with the transfer of most of the duties of the oeconomus to the strategus and 6 Wi t&v irpoo~6bu>v (see 27 and U.P.Z. no), the situation was changed. This leads to the question of date, another point on which the papyrus is not ex- plicit. There can, however, be little doubt that the script is of the third century B.C., and it may, we think, be as early as the reign of Euergetes I, to which some other papyri from the same cartonnage may be referred. Moreover, both in style and contents the memorandum is closely related to third-century texts, especially those of the second and third Ptolemies, while on the other hand it differs from the similar documents of the second century, e.g. 27 and U.P.Z. no. The clearly- formulated directions are put in short, pointed sentences, which are introduced by a few formulae many times repeated, with no attempt at rhetorical refinements. Good to this be seen in the Zenon cf. parallels plain style may correspondence ; e.g. Cairo 2 I# S( C KCLL T" - °* Ka ^ 7<* kcli to. P. Zen. 59 5 7 I 1' C^yo-P*- Upeia tovs \rjvas [k]gu Kolttcl ZvravOa, at; av (kttoitJl (703. 48), Treipco (703. 41) kitiaKOTia.v (703. 47, 183)' ovTuts yap rjp.lv p.a\\ov earat ra hiovra (703. 255)- Kat Ta yevr\p.a.Tia Se tva rpo'ircoi rwl crvvKop.i 1 A modern treatment of the office of the is still a cf. good oeconomus desideratum ; Rostovtzeff, Large Estate, p. 148. F 2 68 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI Alexandria, points to a time immediately before or after an important war (cf. n. ad loc). If the papyrus is rightly assigned to the reign of Euergetes I, the period of unrest may well be the time after the Syrian war, from which there is a tradition that Euergetes was recalled by a rising in the Delta (cf. Bouche-Leclercq, Hist, des Lag. i. 253, W. W. Tarn, Camb. Anc. Hist. vi. 306, Bevan, Ptol. Dynasty, pp. 196-7). To the same period may be traced a hope among Egyptian nationalists that the capital would be transferred back to Memphis (Struve, Raccolta Lnmbroso, p. 280, Reitzenstein and Schaeder, Znni antiken Synkretismus, p. 38, Gressman, J. Theol. St. xxviii. 241). But a date near the battle of Raphia in the next reign would also be suitable. is In several passages 703 described as a vitoixvriixa (11. 2, 136, 235, 240, 260), a word of frequent occurrence among the terms applied to documents emanating from or addressed to the king and his officials. The evidence concerning it has been recently collected by P. Collomp, Recherches sur la chancellerie et la diplomatique des Lagides, p. 18; cf. Bickermann, Archiv viii. 218, ix. 164, Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encycl. xiii. 53-6, Gueraud, 'Evrevgeis, pp. xxii sqq. Collomp failed, however, to notice that vTrofivqiJLa in the official language of the Ptolemies has not only the meaning of petition addressed to an official (while the petitions to the king are called evT(v£eis), but also various other meanings. ^T-nofxvmxa is in fact what the word implies, a memorandum. It may be a memorandum for private use, a reminder of either some business to be carried out in the future (e.g. P.S.I. 1 429, 430) or dealt with in the past (e.g. P. Cairo Zen. 59218, 59297). Or it may be a memorandum addressed to another person in order to remind him of some- or to ask him to remind else to this of which in- thing somebody ; class, many stances occur in Zenon's correspondence, belong the various official and private reports and petitions or complaints. But there are also hypomnemata written, not to a man of higher standing by an inferior or to an official by a private person, but emanating from men of higher or equal position, and containing memoranda which are in fact requests, orders, or instructions to a colleague or subordinate. Such documents are com- mon in Zenon's correspondence, e.g. P. Cairo Zen. 59048, 59054, P.S.I. 425, and are exemplified also in the detailed instructions given by Apollonius to the of his estate cf. P.S.I. P. Cairo Zen. managers ; e.g. 500, 502. 17 sqq , 59292. 420, and 59155, which was based on an order to Apollonius from the king. Of the same kind is the elaborate memorandum on viticulture, of which fragments survive in P.S.I. 624, and which was probably compiled by Zenon for use in Apollonius' vineyards. Similar instructions were given by higher officials to their subordinates, and no doubt by the king to his ministers and generals. 1 Cf. the viro/ivrjuaruTfioi or ((prjfitpiSes of the kings and higher officials. 703. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 69 Before the of had but little discovery 703 we information respecting vTTop.vv,paTa of this type. P. Hibeh 77 was perhaps such an instruction sent by the dioecetes to officials of the (?) Heracleopolite nome. SB. 5675 (B.C. 184-3) contains a fragment of a judicial instruction which came directly from the king, since it is accompanied by a royal letter. Again 27 (B.C. 113) includes a long letter written the dioecetes to 6 krn r&v by irpoaobuv concerning the management of xAcopd, and €TTL(Tiropa and the appointment of reliable yevrjpaTocpvKaKes. This letter had been a detailed instruction on the preceded by same subject (1. 59). Still more instruc- tive is U.P.Z. no. In 164 B.C., probably after some internal disturbances which followed the dynastic strife in Alexandria, the king was anxious to have all the land under and issued a royal cultivation, Ttp6o-Tayp.a irepl rrjs yeapyias (11. 26-7) ordering the land to be cultivated, if necessary, by those who were not used to it (compulsory lease). The dioecetes thereupon called up his subordin- ates and imparted to them detailed orders (biao-TokaC) both orally and in written form He also sent out a instruction 1. (11. 35-6). long {v-n6p.vi]p.a, 50) and a letter the of the regarding publication royal decree (1. 62). The existence of vnop.vrip.aTa embodying official instructions was accordingly is known ; nevertheless 703 a real revelation. For the first time we have not quotations from or mentions of an instruction, but the instruction itself; and for the first time we meet an instruction of a general, not a special, character. In fact, this document is a kind of vade-mecum for the oeconomus, who in the closing sentence is advised €lv T ° hia s KC" etao-rav ix vTtop.vrjp.aTa x*P° > "n*pi- 67rto-re'AAe[iy] KaOa awTeraKTai. It is, so to say, his appointment-charter. Wilcken has lately 2 xlii. U.P.Z. that such charters suggested (Z.Sav.-St. 132 , p. 457) were called ivToXai, but this appears to be mistaken. The hToXrj was a circular order addressed to a group of officials, and Wilcken postulates a form of it which included directions for the management of an office, the original being handed to the newly appointed official, while copies were sent to those interested. Such letters of appointment no doubt existed; P. Petrie II. 43 {a) is an example. But it seems unlikely that they included more than a general definition of the office, such as, in fact, is there given. Instructions for the conduct of the office, if added—and were usual — rather in form they probably , were the of 1nr0p.vqp.aTa and xpripaTtapLoi, not evroXai. If written instructions were handed to every newly appointed official, or at least to those of superior rank, it may be assumed that there was in the bureaux of the higher officials and of the king a set of standard v-nopvr)p.aTa. In that case there must have been a special bureau for writing them and for amending them in accordance with new orders and new circumstances. Such a bureau was the no doubt virop.vqp.aToypacpe'Lov, which, along with the eTno-ToXoypacpelov, played an 7o TEBTUNIS PAPYRI important part in the life of the king and his principal subordinates. Hypomne- matographi at the courts of the Hellenistic kings are well attested (P. Collomp, op. cit. p. 72, gives a list of them). To the dioecetes, too, both a hypomnemato- and an were attached cf. U.P.Z. P. Cornell graphus epistolographus ; 14. 127-45, I. the is in 127, 150, 156 (zincrToXoypoKpdov ; v-nojj.vr]iJ.aToypa(pdoi' perhaps meant II. 10, 128). The same is true of the epimeletes (P. Strassb. II. 105. 3, Wilcken, Archiv vii. 91); and there were bureaux (private or public?) similarly named even in villages (58. 12, 33, 112. 87). But while the business of the epistolo- graphus was easily understood, the office of the hypomnematographus remained a puzzle. Collomp's suggestion that he was responsible for the hypomnematis- moi or daily registers of official business and for the subscriptions on petitions may be correct, but those duties would hardly account for the prominence of the bureau and its chief. If, however, he also compiled and kept up to date the instructions given to the higher officials, his importance in the bureaucratic life of Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt is more readily comprehended. We have said that 703 is unique in its kind, but this is true only for the Ptolemaic period. A similar document of the Roman age is extant in the well- known Gnomon idiu logu (B.G.U. V. 1), a memorandum originally issued by Augustus to the idiologus, and kept up to date by means of the addition of various orders and decisions of the emperors, the senate, the prefects of Egypt, 1 and the idiologi themselves. It has survived in an abridgement made for the use of local officials, and as it now is has a form quite different from 703. While the latter is a set of orders given directly by one official to another, with very few quotations of other documents (11. 57, 83, 97, 99, 132-3, 187, 216), the Gnomon consists of concise statements coupled with quotations of various imperial Constitutions and other sources, and is neither personal in reference nor colloquial in phraseology. Of its original form, however, we are ignorant, as well as of the extent to which this may have depended on a Ptolemaic document of a similar nature and as first drawn it ; possibly up by Augustus was more akin to 703. The study of these two texts suggests another question. 703 cannot be said to include all the branches of financial administration likely to have been under the control of the oeconomus and the treatment of those which ; appear is unequal, some being dealt with more fully, others in a very superficial way. The same is true of the Gnomon see G. Abh. Berl. Ak. Phil.-hist. ; Plaumann, 1 hist, Th. Reinach, Un code fiscal &c. in Nouv. Rev. de droit fr. et etr., 1920- 1, P. M. Meyer, Juristische Pap. pp. 315-45, H. Stuart Jones, Fresh Light on Roman Buretuicracy, O. Lenel and J. Partsch, Sitzungsb. Heid. Ak., 1920-1, G. Glotz, J. d. Sav. xx. 215, J. Carcopino, Rev. d. El anc. xxiv. 101, 211, Uxkull-Gyllenband, Archiv ix. 183. 703. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 71 Kl. 1918, p. 23). Is it to be inferred that 703 is not the original vTi6p.vy\pa but an extract from it ? Certain peculiarities seem to support this conclusion. is but Usually a single person addressed (11. 41, 50, 52, 53, &c.), sometimes, the is used especially at the end of the document, plural (11. 157, 168, 236, 241, the is the field of 254, 256, 264). Similarly nome commonly activity (11. 58, 93, ' ' in the occurs in 115, 139, 258), but once nomes plural (1. 71). Again, many places there is confusion or awkwardness of construction which may be due to abbreviation or to the incorporation of additional matter. Nevertheless, the to be more than a mere it is memorandum seems arbitrary abridgement ; rather an adaptation of a standard document on which the instructions given to officials of a certain class were based. But in spite of its personal and colloquial character it was hardly written expressly for the use of an oeconomus of the Arsinoi'te nome. No mention is made of any particular locality, or of measures for on the the instructions are of designed any special circumstances ; contrary, and even the most a 8e kcu cmoo-TeX- general application, personal remark (1. 258), Xh)v ae ei? tov vo/xdv irpoabu\€x[d)riv, might refer to any oeconomus, since there is no difficulty in supposing that each one on appointment had an audience with the dioecetes before leaving Alexandria for his province. In our view, then, 703 is one of the many copies of the standard instruction of the dioecetes to the oeconomi. Like the Gnomon of the idiologus, these instructions were modified from time to time, possibly, as the edicts of the prae- tors and of the of the new dioecetes governors Roman provinces were, by every ; and the same will be true of instructions given by the king and other higher officials of the Ptolemaic administration. Similar instructions were doubtless issued by the dioecetes to other subordinates and by the king to the dioecetes himself. It seems likely that certain parts of these instructions were common to all of them, especially those of general character, which represented, so to say, the philosophy of the bureaucracy. The language of these passages may well be often reflected in other official documents, and it would be interesting to collect such expressions and to compare them with other moral precepts of the same kind, e.g. the Odes of Horace and the rules formulated by Epictetus and M. Aurelius for those in the service of the government. As a literary analogue of the end of 703 may be cited a Strasburg fragment of an Alexandrian (?) comedy Gott. Nachr. cf. A. Archiv vii. (Cronert, gel. 1922, p. 31 ; Korte, 257), ' Tama TtdvTes, 6V et airavT kv axiTda' a7rAous, ayaTrare lx T&yaOa j xP'/cto?, evyevijs, | itCo-th ra a.vhpe'ios, ep. i ev-rrpoo-ijyopos, j (f)L\o/3a(rt,\evs, p.£yas, | craxppoov, (pi\4k\r]v irpavs, iravovpya p.icrS>v, Ti]v 8' aXr/deiav crijioiv. What was the origin of these written instructions to subordinates ? E. Bickermann (Archiv viii. 218) regards the hypomnema as non-Greek, but the 72 TEBTUNIS PAPYRI ' ' word is used extensively in the classical period in the sense memorandum ' ' to be alien or minutes '. The use of official instructions ', however, appears from the administrative system of the Greek city state. On the other hand in the instructions a parallel to 703 is forthcoming from Pharaonic Egypt given P. The by a king of the XVIIIth Dynasty to his vizier Rekhmere (cf. Newberry, Rec. d. tr. xxvi. Z. ix. Life of Rekhmara, A. H. Gardiner, i, f. tig. Spr. 62, Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt ii. 663, K. Sethe, Die Einsetzung des Veziers v. The first of this text contains instruc- unter der X VIII Dyn. ( (Inters, 2)). part tions of a general character not unlike that of the last part of 703, e.g. 11. 5 sqq. ' (Sethe's translation) : Siehe wenn ein Bittsteller kommt aus Ober- [oder Unter-] Agypten, aus dem ganzen Lande versehen [mit] ... so mogest du das zusehen, dass alles getan wird, wie es dem Gesetze entspricht, dass alles getan wird nach seiner Ordnung, in dem [man jedem Manne] zu seinem Recht [verhilft].' The second part —a kind of Appendix—which was reproduced on the walls of the tombs of Voser and Amenemotep (Thuthmose III and Amenhotep II), contains more specific directions of a practical kind, and had probably been repeated in the instructions of the king to the vizier from time immemorial (Breasted, op. cit. p. 675). Many of the as see ' them deal with same subjects 703 ; e.g. Breasted, p. 697, Felling timber. It is he who dispatches to cut down trees according to the decision of the house' ' Water It is he who the official king's ; p. 698, supply. dispatches ' staff to attend to the in the whole land ' Annual water supply ; p. 699, plowing. ' It is he who the and sheikhs to for harvest time dispatches mayor village plow ; ' p. 700, Overseers of labour. It is he who [appoints] the overseers of hundreds in the hall of the king's house'; 710, 'Administration of navy. It is he who exacts the ships for every requisition made upon him.' The literary type of instructions (sboyet) given by more experienced men to juniors, especially by fathers to sons, is very old in Egypt. The instruction of the vizier Ptahotep back to the Vth and three others date from the Middle goes dynasty, Kingdom ; for a translation of one of these see Gardiner, Jonrn. Eg. Arch. i. 20. The influence of the Ptolemaic vn6[i.vt]\xa is probably to be recognized outside the Roman administration of Egypt. As observed above, in the Gnomon of the idiologus Augustus evidently adopted an existing institution, and it seems most likely that in introducing the use of mandata principis into Roman administrative 1 practice he was equally following the example of the Ptolemies. The mandata show the closest affinity not to the Ptolemaic ivroAal (cf. above, p. 69) but to the 1 Cf. E. Cuq, Le conseil des empereurs, p. 460, Daremberg et Saglio, Diet, des Ant. iii. 2, 1570, Manuel des Inst, jurid. des Romains, p. 28, Stroux and Wenger, Abh. Bayer. Akad. xxxiv. 69 sqq., C.I.L. iii. 7086 K((pa\aiov etc twv Kaioapos ivToXwv. Cicero's admonitions in Ad Q. Jr. 1-2 are somewhat analogous; cf. M. Schneidewin, Eine antike Instruktion, O. Plasberg, Cicero, p. 18, Zucker, Philol. lxxxiv. 208. 703. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 73 characterize them. follow- vTTOfxvi]fj.aTa. The same style, the same expressions The ing verbal citation by Ulpian of one of the mandata will serve as an illustration (Dig. 47, u,6): Ulpianus libro octavo de officio proconsidis. Annonam adtemptare et vexare vel maxime dardatiarii solcnt : quorum avaritiae obviam ilutn est tarn ' mandatis quam constitutionibus. Mandatis denique ita cavetur : praeterea debebis custodire, ne dardanarii ullius mercis sint, ne aut ab his qui coemptas merces supprimunt, aut a locupletioribus, qui fructus suos aequis pretiis vendere nollent, dum minus uberes proventus expectant, annona ofterehir.' A table of contents of 703 is appended : — I. Agriculture: 1. Canals. 11. 29-40. 2. Protection of crown-cultivators against the village officials, 11. 40-9. 3. Inspection of crops, 11. 49~57- 4. Sowing of prescribed kinds of crops, 11. 57-63. 5. Registration of agricultural cattle, 11. 63-70. II. TRANSPORT: Dispatch of corn by land and water, 11. 70-87. III. Royal Revenues and Monopolies : 1. 'OOovi-qpa, 11. 87-117. 2. AtaAoyccr/xos Trpoaobcov in general, 11. 117-34. 3. 'EAcuktj, 11. 134-64. 4. 'EvvofiLov, 11. 165-74- 5. "ilvia, 11. 174-83. 6. Moa)(OTpo(peTa, 11. 183-91. 7. Ev\a, 11. 191-211. 8. Ba V. Rules Concerning Official Correspondence, 11. 234-57. VI. Instructions of General Character on the Behaviour of Officials, 11. 257-80. The last four columns of the text are on the verso of the papyrus, Col. i of the verso being on the back of Col. v of the recto, and the writing proceeding in the opposite direction. A few corrections by a different hand occur. Recto, Col. i. 1 2 vtto ? — Tov Zr)vo8[a>pcH> [ ] v7rofj.urj/iaTO? avTiypafyov 3 — iroielv ira- 4 vTroK(LT]ai. (blank space) t]ovto firj e7ra/a- PAPYRI 74 TEBTUNIS {a}ur 5 6 . — Kal — . tgh' earo r[[at lines, and about 16 more lines lost. 2. At the end of the line a short dash. Col. ii. tov? re Sid y[ ]/^a, t[5>v 7re]8ia>v el ra 30 r)yjxev\ov$ v8p]ayooyovs, o~yy[T]a)([8]eyTa tov vSa- fidOt] ^oy[aiv\ al els avTovs empvaeis kv tos Kal kK\TVOLOv\aa vttoSo^tj avTois vndp- cov eldoOaaiv ol to yei dcf) e[t'crayet]f yecopyol vSaip els r\v yfjy e[/ca]<7ro? KaTacnrtipei' o/xcdcoos fav 35 Se Kal Tas \SrjX\ovfievas Sidopvyas d al eTTippvaeis yivovrai, el avrai re d>\vpu)v- rai Kal el dnb tov (3eXTio~TOv al kfifioXai dirb tov 7TOTafx[ov Ka&\apia>vTai (kol) el dXXoos Se kv tool 40 ^009 ev do-(pa\cLa[t elai^v. d/j.a eabo- Sevetv TTtipS) ne[piep)(\6iievo? eKaaTOv napaKaXelv Kal evOapaeo-Tepovs irapa- aKevdgeiv, Kal tovto /xt] fiovov Xoyooi yiveo~8ai dXXd Kai, kdv Tives avTCov 45 tois Kcofioypap/jiaTtvcri 77 Kcopdp^ais kyKaX$>ai irepi tlvos tg>v el? ttjv yecop- Kal 0- yiav dvr)KovTcov , kma-Konelv, k(f> Ta toiccv- o~ov dv eKirofji el? eWo-racr[[e]W Ta dyeadoi, bWav Se Sie£aK6fj 6 criropos, 50 ov y^elpov dv yivoiTO el eTTifieXcos k 01S' ovtcos yap ttjv jTrlj dvaToXrjv aKpifioos Kal eno^reL, Ta p.r) KaXcos kcnrapp.eva to rj bXov danopa paiSceos KaTavor\- aeis, Kal tov? (oXiooprjKOTas et[o~ei eK tovtov Kal vol ecrTai Tives 55 yvcopi/jiov [T.TJ [ef 703. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 75 rols aneppaaL els dXXa Kara[<]i- \prjvrai. c'va Se Kal t[oi]s Kara ttjv 81a- ypa 60 dvayKaioTaroiS' Kal dv rives o~i rot? KaTaTerapevo[i] eKCpopiois fj kcu TvavT\eX5>s d]veipevoi, prj d- Se V€TTL I. corr. from -ei above I. 34. ofxotois. 48. €kitot]i apparently (77 line). 49. 8ie|ax^5 Col. iii. kv TToirjcraL Kal tco[v r\r\L yeaopyiai virap- 65 yovrcnv (3aatXi[Ka)v r]e kcu ISicotikgov KT7]VCOV, KCtl TT]V kvSey^OpkvrjV tTTlfie- Xetav TTOirjcrcu ottcos 77 eK tu>v (3ao~iXi- ko>v in[iyo]vi], orav els to yopT\o\(paye?v eXOrji, TT[ap]a8iScoj[ai] els to, p[oa^o]rP°~ err Se o~oi Kal ottcos 70 (pla. L^peX^-S ywecrOoi [TACcttTj virdpyoov ctltos kv rols vop.o1s ttXtjv Sairavcc- rod kv avTois rots t[6]ttois to. p.ev[ov els o-]Trep[p.]a.Ta [k]o.l tov dnXco- tov . . ovtco Se [ ly Kardyrjrar 75 k/i§a[Xeiv el]? rd npcora TrapiaTa- p.eva \rrXola pdiSto^^ Kal irpos to tol- St- ovtov [p.rJTTOTe] Trap[e]pya>9 cravrbv Sov. . . ol 181- el[. y}dp vavKX-qpoi rd? as oX . eKacrTcov tcov [ ]ots e 80 t6tt[(ov . . 8]iaTpi(36vTcov. kiripeXes Se ctol earco Kal lva at Si.ayeypapp.e- vai dyopal Kardy[(ovr]ai els 'AXe£dv- a>v aoi Speiav Kal [t]t]v ypa(pr]v erriaTeX- Xop.e[v a7r]oaTeXX(ov Ka\l] Kara tovs evovcrai 5 Kaipo[vs, p.f] p^ovov dpi6p.bv dXXd Ka[l S]e[So] TrjSe(i)ot npbs ray xpeias. ennropev- ov Se Kal km to, vqbavTeia kv ofy ra 6- Oovia vqbaivtTa^] Kal tt)v TrXeiaTTjv 90 airov8r)v ttolov iv[a 7r\ela\Ta toov la- Teoov kvepya. rjt, crvvTeXovvTOov K[a]l toov v(f>avToov tt)v Siayeypap- pkvrjv tool vo/uooi ttoikiXlolv. kav 8k Tives irpos ray avvT^rayp.kva'S 95 eKTopas oqbeiXooaL, npaacrecrOoocrav K