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(POSIX®)— Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language]
International Standard ISO/IEC 9945-1: 1996 (E) IEEE Std 1003.1, 1996 Edition (Incorporating ANSI/IEEE Stds 1003.1-1990, 1003.1b-1993, 1003.1c-1995, and 1003.1i-1995) Information technology—Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX®)— Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language] Sponsor Portable Applications Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society Adopted as an International Standard by the International Organization for Standardization and by the International Electrotechnical Commission Published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Abstract: This standard is part of the POSIX series of standards for applications and user interfaces to open systems. It defines the applications interface to basic system services for input/output, file system access, and process management. It also defines a format for data interchange. When options specified in the Realtime Extension are included, the standard also defines interfaces appropriate for realtime applications. When options specified in the Threads Extension are included, the standard also defines interfaces appropriate for multithreaded applications. This standard is stated in terms of its C language binding. Keywords: API, application portability, C (programming language), data processing, information interchange, open systems, operating system, portable application, POSIX, programming language, realtime, system configuration computer interface, threads POSIX is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Quote in 8.1.2.3 on Returns is taken from ANSI X3.159-1989, developed under the auspices of the American National Standards Accredited Committee X3 Technical Committee X3J11. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA Copyright © 1996 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. -
SVG Tutorial
SVG Tutorial David Duce *, Ivan Herman +, Bob Hopgood * * Oxford Brookes University, + World Wide Web Consortium Contents ¡ 1. Introduction n 1.1 Images on the Web n 1.2 Supported Image Formats n 1.3 Images are not Computer Graphics n 1.4 Multimedia is not Computer Graphics ¡ 2. Early Vector Graphics on the Web n 2.1 CGM n 2.2 CGM on the Web n 2.3 WebCGM Profile n 2.4 WebCGM Viewers ¡ 3. SVG: An Introduction n 3.1 Scalable Vector Graphics n 3.2 An XML Application n 3.3 Submissions to W3C n 3.4 SVG: an XML Application n 3.5 Getting Started with SVG ¡ 4. Coordinates and Rendering n 4.1 Rectangles and Text n 4.2 Coordinates n 4.3 Rendering Model n 4.4 Rendering Attributes and Styling Properties n 4.5 Following Examples ¡ 5. SVG Drawing Elements n 5.1 Path and Text n 5.2 Path n 5.3 Text n 5.4 Basic Shapes ¡ 6. Grouping n 6.1 Introduction n 6.2 Coordinate Transformations n 6.3 Clipping ¡ 7. Filling n 7.1 Fill Properties n 7.2 Colour n 7.3 Fill Rule n 7.4 Opacity n 7.5 Colour Gradients ¡ 8. Stroking n 8.1 Stroke Properties n 8.2 Width and Style n 8.3 Line Termination and Joining ¡ 9. Text n 9.1 Rendering Text n 9.2 Font Properties n 9.3 Text Properties -- ii -- ¡ 10. Animation n 10.1 Simple Animation n 10.2 How the Animation takes Place n 10.3 Animation along a Path n 10.4 When the Animation takes Place ¡ 11. -
Design and Implementation of a 2D Graphics Package In
- DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A 2D GRAPHICS PACKAGE IN ADA 95 By LAN LI Bachelor of Science ZheJiang University HangZhou, China 1987 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December, 1996 - DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A 2D GRAPHICS PACKAGE IN ADA 95 Thesis approved: H. ~< 11 - ACKNOWLEDGMENT I express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. George for his constructive guidance, supervision, inspiration and financial support. Without his understanding and support, I could not have accomplished this project. Appreciation also extends to my committee members Dr. Chandler and Dr. Lu, their great help are invaluable when I was in difficult situation. I would also like to thank my husband who always gives me encouragement and support in the background. Thanks my son Eric, who was just born, for sharing my happiness and pain, tolerating my occasional inattention during this project. My special thanks also go to my parents who help me take care of my baby with their tremendous love that give me much time to finish this work. This project is supported by DISA Grant DCA 100-96-1-0007 iii L - TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. Introduction 1 2. Literature Review ..............................................................................•.............3 2.1. A Review of Standard Graphics Packages 3 2.1.1. GKS (Graphical Kernel System) 3 a) Logic3.1 Workstations ., 5 b) Graphics Primitives 6 c) logical Input Devices................................................................•...........•.............. 7 d) Mode of Interaction 7 e) Segmentation .....................................................................................•................. 7 f) Metafile '•...........•................................ 8 2.1.2. PHIGS (Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System) 8 a) Graphics Output 9 b) Graphics Inpu.t 10 c) Interaction handling .............................................................................•.•........ -
GKS-94 to SVG: Some Reflections on the Evolution of Standards for 2D
EG UK Computer Graphics & Visual Computing (2015) Rita Borgo, Cagatay Turkay (Editors) GKS-94 to SVG: Some Reflections on the Evolution of Standards for 2D Graphics D. A. Duce1 and F.R.A. Hopgood2 1Department of Computing and Communication Technologies, Oxford Brookes University, UK 2Retired, UK Abstract Activities to define international standards for computer graphics, in particular through ISO/IEC, started in the 1970s. The advent of the World Wide Web has brought new requirements and opportunities for standardization and now a variety of bodies including ISO/IEC and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) promulgate standards in this space. This paper takes a historical look at one of the early ISO/IEC standards for 2D graphics, the Graph- ical Kernel System (GKS) and compares key concepts and approaches in this standard (as revised in 1994) with concepts and approaches in the W3C Recommendation for Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG). The paper reflects on successes as well as lost opportunities. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques—Standards 1. Introduction a W3C Recommendation early in 1999. The current (at the time of writing) revision was published in 2010 [web10]. The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) was the first ISO/IEC international standard for computer graphics and was pub- It was clear from the early days that a vector graphics for- lished in 1985 [GKS85]. This was followed by other stan- mat specifically for the web would be a useful addition to the dards including the Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM), then-available set of markup languages. -
IEC-International Electrotechnical Commission
Standards Manager Web Standards List IEC-International Electrotechnical Commission Id Number Title Year Organization Page 1 60034-2-3 Rotating electrical machines _ Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and efficiency of converter-fed AC 2020 IEC motors - Edition 1.0 2 60034-3 Rotating electrical machines _ Part 3: Specific requirements for synchronous generators driven by steam turbines or 2020 IEC combustion gas turbines and for synchronous compensators - Edition 7.0 3 60034-5 Rotating electrical machines _ Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by the integral design of rotating electrical machines 2020 IEC (IP code) _ Classification - Edition 5.0 4 60034-7 Rotating electrical machines _ Part 7: Classification of types of construction, mounting arrangements and terminal box 2020 IEC position (IM Code) - Edition 3.0 5 60034-11 Rotating electrical machines _ Part 11: Thermal protection - Edition 3.0 2020 IEC 6 60034-18-42 Rotating electrical machines _ Part 18-42: Partial discharge resistant electrical insulation systems (Type II) used in rotating 2020 IEC electrical machines fed from voltage converters _ Qualification tests - Edition 1.1; Consolidated Reprint 7 60045-1 Steam turbines _ Part 1: Specifications - Edition 2.0 2020 IEC 8 60050-113 NULL 2020 IEC AMD 2 9 60050-113 AMENDMENT 3 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) _ Part 113: Physics for electrotechnology - Edition 1.0 2020 IEC AMD 3 10 60050-151 AMENDMENT 4 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) _ Part 151: Electrical and magnetic devices -
Info Iec81714-2{Ed1.0}B.Pdf
This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication NORME CEI INTERNATIONALE IEC INTERNATIONAL 81714-2 Première édition STANDARD First edition 1998-11 Création de symboles graphiques utilisables dans la documentation technique de produits – Partie 2: Spécification pour symboles graphiques sous forme adaptée à l’ordinateur, y compris symboles pour bibliothèque de références, et prescriptions relatives à leur échange Design of graphical symbols for use in the technical documentation of products – Part 2: Specification for graphical symbols in a computer sensible form, including graphical symbols for a reference library, and requirements for their interchange IEC 1998 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reserved Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo- including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, Switzerland Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: [email protected] IEC web site http: //www.iec.ch CODE PRIX PRICE CODE XB Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur For price, see current catalogue This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication – 2 – 81714-2 E CEI: 1998 SOMMAIRE Page AVANT-PROPOS . 6 Articles 1 Domaine d’application . 12 2 Références normatives. 12 3 Définitions . 16 4 Marqueurs . 22 4.1 Marqueurs pour points de référence et noeuds de connexions. -
Nr. Standard Reference Title 1 IEC 60317-4:2015
Nr. Standard reference Title Specifications for particular types of winding wires - Part 4: Solderable 1 IEC 60317-4:2015 polyurethane enamelled round copper wire, class 130 Appliance couplers for household and similar general purposes - Part 1: 2 IEC 60320-1:2015 General requirements Amendment 1 - Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-44: Protection IEC 60364-4- 3 for safety – Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic 44:2007/AMD1:2015 PRV disturbances IEC 60364-5- Amendment 2 - Electrical installations of buildings – Part 5-53: Selection 4 53:2001/AMD2:2015 PRV and erection of electrical equipment – Isolation, switching and control Corrigendum 1 - High-voltage swithgear and controlgear - Part 200: AC IEC 62271- 5 metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV 200:2011/COR1:2015 and up to and including 52 kV IEC/IEEE 62271-37- High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 37-013: Alternating-current 6 013:2015 PRV generator circuit-breakers Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems - Part 5: Image 7 IEC 62471-5:2015 projectors LEDsi lamps for general lighting services with supply voltages not 8 IEC 62838:2015 PRV exceeding 50 V a.c. r.m.s. or 120 V ripple free d.c. – Safety specifications IEC Corrigendum 1 - Amendment 1 - Self-ballasted LED-lamps for general 9 62560:2011/AMD1:2015/CO lighting services by voltages >50 V - Safety specifications R1:2015 Electrical installations for lighting and beaconing of aerodromes – Safety 10 IEC 62870:2015 PRV secondary circuits in series circuits -
SAV4118 Layout
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE 25 West 43rd Street, NY, NY 10036 VOL. 41, #18 April 30, 2010 Contents American National Standards Call for Comment on Standards Proposals ................................................. 2 Call for Comment Contact Information ........................................................ 17 Call for Members (ANS Consensus Bodies)................................................ 19 Final Actions .................................................................................................. 23 Project Initiation Notification System (PINS)............................................... 25 International Standards ISO Draft Standards....................................................................................... 31 ISO Newly Published Standards................................................................... 32 Proposed Foreign Government Regulations................................................. 33 Information Concerning .................................................................................. 34 American National Standards Call for comment on proposals listed This section solicits public comments on proposed draft new Ordering Instructions for "Call-for-Comment" Listings American National Standards, including the national adoption of 1. Order from the organization indicated for the specific ISO and IEC standards as American National Standards, and on proposal. proposals to revise, reaffirm or withdraw approval of existing American National Standards. A draft -
Input, Interaction and Animation
Input, Interaction and Animation CS 432 Interactive Computer Graphics Prof. David E. Breen Department of Computer Science E. Angel and D. Shreiner : Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 1 Objectives • Introduce the basic input devices - Physical Devices - Logical Devices - Input Modes • Event-driven input • Introduce double buffering for smooth animations • Programming event input with WebGL E. Angel and D. Shreiner : Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 2 Project Sketchpad • Ivan Sutherland (MIT 1963) established the basic interactive paradigm that characterizes interactive computer graphics: - User sees an object on the display - User points to (picks) the object with an input device (light pen, mouse, trackball) - Object changes (moves, rotates, morphs) - Repeat E. Angel and D. Shreiner : Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 3 Graphical Input • Devices can be described either by - Physical properties • Mouse • Keyboard • Trackball - Logical Properties • What is returned to program via API – A position – An object identifier – A scalar value • Modes - How and when input is obtained • Request or event E. Angel and D. Shreiner : Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 4 Physical Devices mouse trackball data glove data tablet joy stick space ball E. Angel and D. Shreiner : Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 5 Incremental (Relative) Devices • Devices such as the data tablet return a position directly to the operating system • Devices such as the mouse, trackball, and joy stick return incremental inputs (or velocities) to the operating system - Must integrate these inputs to obtain an absolute position • Rotation of cylinders in mouse • Roll of trackball • Difficult to obtain absolute position – Position drift • Can get variable sensitivity E. -
IEC 60601-1 Medical Electrical Equipment Part 1: General Requirements for Basic Safety and Essential Performance Report Reference No
12 Test Report issued under the responsibility of: IEC 60601-1 Medical electrical equipment Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance Report Reference No. ..................... : 161100155SHA-001 Date of issue ................................... : 2017-01-06 Total number of pages ................... : 181 CB Testing Laboratory ................... : Intertek Testing Services Shanghai Address ........................................... : Building No.85 and 86, 1198 Qinzhou Road (North), 200233 Shanghai, China Applicant’s name ............................ : GlobTek, Inc. Address ........................................... : 186 Veterans Dr. Northvale, NJ 07647 USA Test specification: Standard .......................................... : IEC 60601-1:2005 (Third Edition) + CORR. 1:2006 + CORR. 2:2007 + A1:2012 (or IEC 60601-1: 2012 reprint) Test procedure................................ : CB Scheme Non-standard test method………..: N/A Test Report Form No. ..................... : IEC60601_1K Test Report Form Originator ......... : UL(US) Master TRF ...................................... : 2015-11 Copyright © 2015 Worldwide System for Conformity Testing and Certification of Electrotechnical Equipment and Components (IECEE), Geneva, Switzerland. All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for non-commercial purposes as long as the IECEE is acknowledged as copyright owner and source of the material. IECEE takes no responsibility for and will not assume liability for damages resulting from the reader's interpretation of the reproduced material due to its placement and context. If this Test Report Form is used by non-IECEE members, the IECEE/IEC logo and the reference to the CB Scheme procedure shall be removed. This report is not valid as a CB Test Report unless signed by an approved CB Testing Laboratory and appended to a CB Test Certificate issued by an NCB in accordance with IECEE 02. General disclaimer: The test results presented in this report relate only to the object tested. -
Appendix: Graphics Software Took
Appendix: Graphics Software Took Appendix Objectives: • Provide a comprehensive list of graphics software tools. • Categorize graphics tools according to their applications. Many tools come with multiple functions. We put a primary category name behind a tool name in the alphabetic index, and put a tool name into multiple categories in the categorized index according to its functions. A.I. Graphics Tools Listed by Categories We have no intention of rating any of the tools. Many tools in the same category are not necessarily of the same quality or at the same capacity level. For example, a software tool may be just a simple function of another powerful package, but it may be free. Low4evel Graphics Libraries 1. DirectX/DirectSD - - 248 2. GKS-3D - - - 278 3. Mesa 342 4. Microsystem 3D Graphic Tools 346 5. OpenGL 370 6. OpenGL For Java (GL4Java; Maps OpenGL and GLU APIs to Java) 281 7. PHIGS 383 8. QuickDraw3D 398 9. XGL - 497 138 Appendix: Graphics Software Toois Visualization Tools 1. 3D Grapher (Illustrates and solves mathematical equations in 2D and 3D) 160 2. 3D Studio VIZ (Architectural and industrial designs and concepts) 167 3. 3DField (Elevation data visualization) 171 4. 3DVIEWNIX (Image, volume, soft tissue display, kinematic analysis) 173 5. Amira (Medicine, biology, chemistry, physics, or engineering data) 193 6. Analyze (MRI, CT, PET, and SPECT) 197 7. AVS (Comprehensive suite of data visualization and analysis) 211 8. Blueberry (Virtual landscape and terrain from real map data) 221 9. Dice (Data organization, runtime visualization, and graphical user interface tools) 247 10. Enliten (Views, analyzes, and manipulates complex visualization scenarios) 260 11. -
November 19, 2014 To: INCITS Committee Chairs
InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) Secretariat: Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) 1101 K Street NW, Suite 610, Washington, DC 20005 www.INCITS.org eb-2014-00900 Document Date: November 19, 2014 To: INCITS Committee Chairs: B10, B11, CS1, DAPS38, DM32.8, H3, L1, L2, L3, M1, PL22, PL22.11, PL22.16, T3, T10, T11, T13, V1, Executive Board Reply To: Lynn Barra Subject: Report for the 2015 Five-Year National Maintenance of INCITS Standards Due Date: Not later than May 15, 2015 Action: In accordance with ANSI and INCITS policy, action must be taken during the four-year anniversary of a standard's approval date to reaffirm, stabilize or withdraw the standard. Five-year maintenance actions should be completed before the end of the fifth year. Committees should review the attached list, identify the standards that pertain to their committee and submit approved recommendations for processing to the INCITS Secretariat. This review may include providing recommendations on any associated amendments and corrigenda. The options are: • Reaffirmation, • Withdrawal, • Revision, or • Stabilization Reference the INCITS Procedures for specific requirements that may be necessary when selecting one of the above options. Recommendations are requested to be submitted not later than the due date noted above. If a recommendation is not forthcoming from the technical committee, the INCITS Executive Board shall make a recommendation on the project without the benefit of the Committees input at their July 2015 meeting.