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Technical Standard
Technical Standard X/Open Curses, Issue 7 The Open Group ©November 2009, The Open Group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. Technical Standard X/Open Curses, Issue 7 ISBN: 1-931624-83-6 Document Number: C094 Published in the U.K. by The Open Group, November 2009. This standardhas been prepared by The Open Group Base Working Group. Feedback relating to the material contained within this standardmay be submitted by using the web site at http://austingroupbugs.net with the Project field set to "Xcurses Issue 7". ii Technical Standard 2009 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction........................................................................................... 1 1.1 This Document ........................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Relationship to Previous Issues ......................................................... 1 1.1.2 Features Introduced in Issue 7 ........................................................... 2 1.1.3 Features Withdrawn in Issue 7........................................................... 2 1.1.4 Features Introduced in Issue 4 ........................................................... 2 1.2 Conformance............................................................................................ 3 1.2.1 Base Curses Conformance ................................................................. -
CCIA Comments in ITU CWG-Internet OTT Open Consultation.Pdf
CCIA Response to the Open Consultation of the ITU Council Working Group on International Internet-related Public Policy Issues (CWG-Internet) on the “Public Policy considerations for OTTs” Summary. The Computer & Communications Industry Association welcomes this opportunity to present the views of the tech sector to the ITU’s Open Consultation of the CWG-Internet on the “Public Policy considerations for OTTs”.1 CCIA acknowledges the ITU’s expertise in the areas of international, technical standards development and spectrum coordination and its ambition to help improve access to ICTs to underserved communities worldwide. We remain supporters of the ITU’s important work within its current mandate and remit; however, we strongly oppose expanding the ITU’s work program to include Internet and content-related issues and Internet-enabled applications that are well beyond its mandate and core competencies. Furthermore, such an expansion would regrettably divert the ITU’s resources away from its globally-recognized core competencies. The Internet is an unparalleled engine of economic growth enabling commerce, social development and freedom of expression. Recent research notes the vast economic and societal benefits from Rich Interaction Applications (RIAs), a term that refers to applications that facilitate “rich interaction” such as photo/video sharing, money transferring, in-app gaming, location sharing, translation, and chat among individuals, groups and enterprises.2 Global GDP has increased US$5.6 trillion for every ten percent increase in the usage of RIAs across 164 countries over 16 years (2000 to 2015).3 However, these economic and societal benefits are at risk if RIAs are subjected to sweeping regulations. -
1921 Tulsa Race Riot Reconnaissance Survey
1921 Tulsa Race Riot Reconnaissance Survey Final November 2005 National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Summary Statement 1 Bac.ground and Purpose 1 HISTORIC CONTEXT 5 National Persp4l<live 5 1'k"Y v. f~u,on' World War I: 1896-1917 5 World W~r I and Postw~r ( r.: 1!1t7' EarIV 1920,; 8 Tulsa RaCR Riot 14 IIa<kground 14 TI\oe R~~ Riot 18 AIt. rmath 29 Socilot Political, lind Economic Impa<tsJRamlt;catlon, 32 INVENTORY 39 Survey Arf!a 39 Historic Greenwood Area 39 Anla Oubi" of HiOlorK G_nwood 40 The Tulsa Race Riot Maps 43 Slirvey Area Historic Resources 43 HI STORIC GREENWOOD AREA RESOURCeS 7J EVALUATION Of NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE 91 Criteria for National Significance 91 Nalional Signifiunce EV;1lu;1tio.n 92 NMiol\ill Sionlflcao<e An.aIYS;s 92 Inl~ri ly E~alualion AnalY'is 95 {"",Iu,ion 98 Potenl l~1 M~na~menl Strategies for Resource Prote<tion 99 PREPARERS AND CONSULTANTS 103 BIBUOGRAPHY 105 APPENDIX A, Inventory of Elltant Cultural Resoun:es Associated with 1921 Tulsa Race Riot That Are Located Outside of Historic Greenwood Area 109 Maps 49 The African American S«tion. 1921 51 TI\oe Seed. of c..taotrophe 53 T.... Riot Erupt! SS ~I,.,t Blood 57 NiOhl Fiohlino 59 rM Inva.ion 01 iliad. TIll ... 61 TM fighl for Standp''''' Hill 63 W.II of fire 65 Arri~.. , of the Statl! Troop< 6 7 Fil'lal FiOlrtino ~nd M~,,;~I I.IIw 69 jii INTRODUCTION Summary Statement n~sed in its history. -
Performance Study of Real-Time Operating Systems for Internet Of
IET Software Research Article ISSN 1751-8806 Performance study of real-time operating Received on 11th April 2017 Revised 13th December 2017 systems for internet of things devices Accepted on 13th January 2018 E-First on 16th February 2018 doi: 10.1049/iet-sen.2017.0048 www.ietdl.org Rafael Raymundo Belleza1 , Edison Pignaton de Freitas1 1Institute of Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CP 15064, Porto Alegre CEP: 91501-970, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The development of constrained devices for the internet of things (IoT) presents lots of challenges to software developers who build applications on top of these devices. Many applications in this domain have severe non-functional requirements related to timing properties, which are important concerns that have to be handled. By using real-time operating systems (RTOSs), developers have greater productivity, as they provide native support for real-time properties handling. Some of the key points in the software development for IoT in these constrained devices, like task synchronisation and network communications, are already solved by this provided real-time support. However, different RTOSs offer different degrees of support to the different demanded real-time properties. Observing this aspect, this study presents a set of benchmark tests on the selected open source and proprietary RTOSs focused on the IoT. The benchmark results show that there is no clear winner, as each RTOS performs well at least on some criteria, but general conclusions can be drawn on the suitability of each of them according to their performance evaluation in the obtained results. -
Operating in a New Environment
EMBEDDED DESIGN OPERATING SYSTEMS lthough the concept of the IoT was Ioated around the turn of the Millennium, it is A only recently that the approach has gathered significant momentum. But, because it is a blanket term, IoT is not only being applied to large and small applications alike, it is also being applied in a wide range of end markets. With such a spread, it will come as no surprise to discover that one size does not fit all when it comes to operating systems. At the high end of the market, companies like Intel are vying to provide a complete solution. Alongside its processor technology, Intel can integrate Wind River’s VxWorks operating system and McAfee security software to create a system capable of handling high levels of complexity. But those developing wearable devices, for example, may not want to take advantage of such a system; they may well be looking for an OS that runs in a very small footprint but, nonetheless, offers a range of Operating in a new necessary features while consuming minimal amounts of power. ARM has had its eyes on the sector for some time and, last year, rolled out environment a significant extension to its mbed programme. Previously, mbed was an embedded development community The Internet of Things is posing challenges to OS developers. with ambitions similar to those of Arduino and Raspberry Pi. But mbed How are they responding? By Graham Pitcher. now has a much bigger vision – the IoT. As part of this approach, it is creating mbed OS (see fig 1). -
Medical Devices
FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR EXPERIMENTAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING IESE MEDICAL DEVICES Contact Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE Ralf Kalmar Software is a part of our lives. Embedded into everyday equipment, into living and working en- [email protected] vironments or modern means of transportation, countless processors and controllers make our Phone: +49 631 6800-1603 lives simpler, safer, and more pleasant. We help organizations to develop software systems that www.iese.fraunhofer.de are dependable in every aspect, and empirically validate the necessary processes, methods, and techniques, emphasizing engineering-style principles such as measurability and transparency. Fraunhofer Institute for The Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE in Kaiserslautern has been Experimental Software one of the world’s leading research institutes in the area of software and systems engineering Engineering IESE for more than 20 years. Its researchers have contributed their expertise in the areas of Process- es, Architecture, Security, Safety, Requirements Engineering, and User Experience in more than Fraunhofer-Platz 1 1,200 projects. 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Under the leadership of Prof. Peter Liggesmeyer, Fraunhofer IESE is working on innovative topics related to digital ecosystems, such as Industrie 4.0, Big Data, and Cyber-Security. As a technology and innovation partner for the digital transformation in the areas of Autonomous & Cyber-Physical Systems and Digital Services, the institute’s research focuses on the interaction between embedded systems and information systems in digital ecosystems. Fraunhofer IESE is one of 72 institutes and research units of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. To- gether they have a major impact on shaping applied research in Europe and contribute to Ger- many’s competitiveness in international markets. -
ECSO State of the Art Syllabus V1 ABOUT ECSO
STATE OF THE ART SYLLABUS Overview of existing Cybersecurity standards and certification schemes WG1 I Standardisation, certification, labelling and supply chain management JUNE 2017 ECSO State of the Art Syllabus v1 ABOUT ECSO The European Cyber Security Organisation (ECSO) ASBL is a fully self-financed non-for-profit organisation under the Belgian law, established in June 2016. ECSO represents the contractual counterpart to the European Commission for the implementation of the Cyber Security contractual Public-Private Partnership (cPPP). ECSO members include a wide variety of stakeholders across EU Member States, EEA / EFTA Countries and H2020 associated countries, such as large companies, SMEs and Start-ups, research centres, universities, end-users, operators, clusters and association as well as European Member State’s local, regional and national administrations. More information about ECSO and its work can be found at www.ecs-org.eu. Contact For queries in relation to this document, please use [email protected]. For media enquiries about this document, please use [email protected]. Disclaimer The document was intended for reference purposes by ECSO WG1 and was allowed to be distributed outside ECSO. Despite the authors’ best efforts, no guarantee is given that the information in this document is complete and accurate. Readers of this document are encouraged to send any missing information or corrections to the ECSO WG1, please use [email protected]. This document integrates the contributions received from ECSO members until April 2017. Cybersecurity is a very dynamic field. As a result, standards and schemes for assessing Cybersecurity are being developed and updated frequently. -
Synchronizing Threads with POSIX Semaphores
3/17/2016 POSIX Semaphores Synchronizing Threads with POSIX Semaphores 1. Why semaphores? 2. Posix semaphores are easy to use sem_init sem_wait sem_post sem_getvalue sem_destroy 3. Activities 1 2 Now it is time to take a look at some code that does something a little unexpected. The program badcnt.c creates two new threads, both of which increment a global variable called cnt exactly NITER, with NITER = 1,000,000. But the program produces unexpected results. Activity 1. Create a directory called posixsem in your class Unix directory. Download in this directory the code badcnt.c and compile it using gcc badcnt.c -o badcnt -lpthread Run the executable badcnt and observe the ouput. Try it on both tanner and felix. Quite unexpected! Since cnt starts at 0, and both threads increment it NITER times, we should see cnt equal to 2*NITER at the end of the program. What happens? Threads can greatly simplify writing elegant and efficient programs. However, there are problems when multiple threads share a common address space, like the variable cnt in our earlier example. To understand what might happen, let us analyze this simple piece of code: THREAD 1 THREAD 2 a = data; b = data; a++; b--; data = a; data = b; Now if this code is executed serially (for instance, THREAD 1 first and then THREAD 2), there are no problems. However threads execute in an arbitrary order, so consider the following situation: Thread 1 Thread 2 data a = data; --- 0 a = a+1; --- 0 --- b = data; // 0 0 --- b = b + 1; 0 data = a; // 1 --- 1 --- data = b; // 1 1 So data could end up +1, 0, -1, and there is NO WAY to know which value! It is completely non- deterministic! http://www.csc.villanova.edu/~mdamian/threads/posixsem.html 1/4 3/17/2016 POSIX Semaphores The solution to this is to provide functions that will block a thread if another thread is accessing data that it is using. -
Biometriebasierte Authentifizierung Mit Webauthn
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Institut für Informatik Biometriebasierte Authentifizierung mit WebAuthn Masterarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Master of Science (M. Sc.) eingereicht von: Malte Kruse geboren am: geboren in: Gutachter/innen: Prof. Dr. Jens-Peter Redlich Frank Morgner eingereicht am: verteidigt am: Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis5 Tabellenverzeichnis5 Abkürzungsverzeichnis6 1 Einleitung9 2 Hintergrund 11 2.1 Alternative Lösungsansätze . 12 2.1.1 Multi-Faktor-Authentifizierung . 13 2.1.2 Einmalpasswort . 14 2.1.3 Passwortmanager . 16 2.1.4 Single Sign-On . 17 2.2 Verwandte Arbeiten . 19 2.2.1 Universal 2nd Factor . 21 2.2.2 Universal Authentication Factor . 22 2.2.3 Sicherheitsbetrachtung . 23 2.2.4 Verbreitung . 24 2.2.5 ATKey.card . 27 3 Beitrag der Arbeit 28 4 FIDO2 29 4.1 Web Authentication . 30 4.1.1 Schnittstelle . 31 4.1.2 Authentifikatoren . 34 4.1.3 Vertrauensmodell . 36 4.1.4 Signaturen . 38 4.1.5 Sicherheitsbetrachtungen . 41 4.1.6 Privatsphäre . 43 4.2 Client to Authenticator Protocol . 44 4.2.1 CTAP2 . 45 4.2.2 CTAP1 / U2F . 49 4.2.3 Concise Binary Object Representation . 51 4.2.4 Transportprotokolle . 52 5 Zertifizierung 53 5.1 Zertifizierungsprozess . 54 5.1.1 Funktionale Zertifizierung . 55 5.1.2 Biometrische Zertifizierung . 56 5.1.3 Authentifikatorzertifizierung . 56 5.2 Zertifizierungslevel . 58 3 6 Umsetzung 60 6.1 Smartcards . 60 6.1.1 Betriebssysteme . 61 6.1.2 Kommunikation . 63 6.1.3 Sicherheitsbetrachtung . 64 6.2 Biometrie . 65 6.2.1 Fingerabdruck . 66 6.2.2 Sicherheitsbetrachtung . 67 6.3 Fingerabdruckkarte . -
Viral Triggers
Viral Triggers Instant Messaging Ilia Mirkin [email protected] January 26, 2005 Instant Messaging ! Talk: Communications between terminals ! Zephyr: Developed at MIT; little use outside ! ICQ: First popular IM service ! AIM: At first for AOL members only, later free service to all, but with ads for non-AOL members ! Jabber: Open IM architecture, though similar to AIM in most respects ! MSN/Yahoo/etc: Proprietary but free services similar to AIM ! Rendezvous: Can be used for messaging in LANs ! Skype: Peer-to-peer application for both voice and text Talk ! Originally developed for Multics, in 1973 ! Became a standard UNIX command with 4.2BSD ! Further enhancements to connect terminals over a network, and later, to be able to connect more than 2 parties (Ytalk - 1990) ! Was popular amongst UNIX users since its existence, though no concrete usage statistics are available ! Has become marginalized by other IM systems that do not require people to be logged in on terminals Zephyr Developed at MIT under Project Athena Designed to run under Unix, there are few clients available, as well as few users outside universities Started in the 1980's, has not gained widespread acceptance. However it does provide various security enhancements, such as interoperability with Kerberos Protocol specifications available freely, open source clients ICQ (“I Seek You”) Created by Mirabilis, Inc., in 1996 First IM service to gain wide acceptance, mostly via member- driven advertising Used numbers to identify members (much like Compuserve) Allowed messages to be stored on server and delivered them when the target user would log on Overtaken in popularity by AIM, which allowed people to pick any username Currently accepts new users, but the service has become very similar to AIM, and uses the same servers AOL IM AOL bought up Mirabilis, and recreated ICQ as AIM Two protocols: OSCAR and TOC OSCAR included all the features of AIM, but was closed. -
Openextensions POSIX Conformance Document
z/VM Version 7 Release 1 OpenExtensions POSIX Conformance Document IBM GC24-6298-00 Note: Before you use this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 73. This edition applies to version 7, release 1, modification 0 of IBM z/VM (product number 5741-A09) and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. Last updated: 2018-09-12 © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1993, 2018. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents List of Tables........................................................................................................ ix About This Document............................................................................................xi Intended Audience......................................................................................................................................xi Conventions Used in This Document.......................................................................................................... xi Where to Find More Information.................................................................................................................xi Links to Other Documents and Websites.............................................................................................. xi How to Send Your Comments to IBM....................................................................xiii Summary of Changes for z/VM -
INTEGRIKEY: Integrity Protection of User Input for Remote Configuration of Safety-Critical Devices
INTEGRIKEY: Integrity Protection of User Input for Remote Configuration of Safety-Critical Devices Aritra Dhar Der-Yeuan Yu Kari Kostiainen ETH Zurich¨ ABB Corporate Research ETH Zurich¨ [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Srdjan Capkunˇ ETH Zurich¨ [email protected] Abstract Various safety-critical devices, such as industrial control systems, medical devices, and home automation systems, are configured through web interfaces from remote hosts that are standard PCs. The communication link from the host to the safety-critical device is typically easy to protect, but if the host gets compromised, the adversary can manipulate any user-provided configuration settings with severe consequences including safety violations. In this paper, we propose INTEGRIKEY, a novel system for user input integrity protection in compromised host. The user installs a simple plug-and-play device between the input peripheral and the host. This device Figure 1: Example configuration page. Screenshot from the observes user input events and sends a trace of them ControlByWeb x600m [10] I/O server configuration page. to the server that compares the trace to the application payload received from the untrusted host. To prevent programmer device) is easy to protect through standard subtle attacks where the adversary exchanges values means such as a TLS connection [12]. However, if from interchangeable input fields, we propose a labeling the host platform gets compromised—as standard PC scheme where the user annotates input values. We built platforms so often do—the adversary can manipulate any a prototype of INTEGRIKEY, using an embedded USB user-provided configuration settings.