History of San Diego, 1542-1908
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979.402 Sa5l6s v.l 1142891 OENEALOOV COL-UECTION \k ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01104 7757 — — —— — Books by William E. Smythe "The Conquer of Arid America" New and Revised Edition "It is. beyond all comparison, the greatest work ever written on western economics." Charles F. Lummi.';. "A work of great value to all students of economic conditions in our great western do- main. Mr. Smythe is the founder of the National Irrigation Congress, which gave birth to the popular movement and led to the passage of the National Irrigation Act."— lioslon (ilobe. "A book that every American should read, * * written in such an inform- ing and animated style that it is as interesting as a romance."— .Vew' York. Sun. "To Mr. Smythe irrigation is almost a religion. As the ancients worshiped the sun as the source of all light and power, so Mr. Smythe might well become the leader of a cult in the arid regions to worship water as the source of all fruitfulness there. This book is our most important work on a subject which is of increased and ever increasing interest."^ Boston Transcript. "Beyond a doubt, Mr. Smythe has accomplished tiie task he set himself, ambitious though it be. The book may be said to be indispensable." Philadelphia Ledger. "His style is fluent and his enthusiasm contagious. It is a book that every young man ought to read."— Christian Advocate. "He rises to real eloquence in his eulogies on the blessings of aridity." Springfield Republican. "Through all Mr. Smythe's fine enthusiasm there runs a vein of solid judgment and sound authority."— t77/"ca;try Tribune. "Mr. Smythe is that ever-successful, but rare being, a man who is absolute master of his subject."—Richard Henry Stoddard in \e\v York Mail and Express. "Far more fascinating than any account of the conquest of Mexico or Peru is Mr. of Smythe's account the conquest of arid America by irrigation ; far more interesting than any story of travel or adventure towards the pole or in the tropics is his story of the miracle accomplished in our land in regions which our ignorance described as deserts." \ew York World. "The man or woman who fails to read the 'Conquest of Arid America' will miss the greatest blessing ever offered them." — William F. Cody ("Buffalo Bill"). "The value of the book is unquestionable." — .Vew York Evening Post. "Mr. Smythe is a patriot of the right sort. He sees his country with loving eyes He has faith in her future."—.Vevr York Independent. "A book of unusual significance and great interest." Cincinnati Times-Star. "Tn this day of novelmania it is with pleasure and profit that one is able to turn to so laudable a work so entertainingly written." Xew York Advertiser. "If any man in this country is entitled to be considered an authority on irrigation, it certainly is Mr. Smythe, the author of this work."— /^eri'eH' of Reviews. The revised edition of "Arid America" contains many illustrations and includes an historical sketch of the national irrigation movement, w^ith description of government projects. Price $1.50. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY New York and London — — — Books by William E. Smythe •CONSTRICTIVE DEMOCRACY. THE ECONOMICS OF A SQUARE DEAL" "The Remedy for the Evils of Democracy is More Democracy.' "Eminently modern and practical."— /<os? on Iranscript. "The book is vigorously written, and by reason of its constant use of present-day ma- terials is made both interesting and informing."—Sr. I.ouis (ilObe-Ueillocrat. "The work has been done with thoroughness and a scholarly insight into present-day conditions."— lioston Clohe. "This discussion of civic and financial affairs is able and comprehensive and is stamped with a vigorous rational optimism."— CiDC/Dna?/ Enquirer. "It is a message for the common people, and is one of the strong trumpet calls that is sure to be heard in the impending conflict."— /'orr/<7DC? OreHOnian- "An earnest and philosophic attempt to set forth the 'economics of a square deal'."— I'luliulelpluu Xorth Aineriatn. "He has a much better grasp on the industrial situation than m>st journalists have. We should like to see his book read and pondered by all journalists and congressmen." Tlie Outlook, .\e\\ )'ork. "A bold program for constructive progress." St. Paul Despatch. "E.xcites respect for Mr. Smythe's literary capacity and regard for him as a man."— .San I'rancisco Chronicle. "The most important economic study since "Progress and Poverty" and much more likely to bear the fruit of early accomplishment than was Henry George's work."— Out West. "His eloquence, his breadth of view and his splendid altruism have made him one of the most conspicuous figures in Southern California's public life, and this new book will place him in a light distinctly heroic, for it shows him as a reformer who has the courage to advocate radical cures for the ills that now effect the body politic." — /,0S Antreles Even- intc \e\\ s. "Impresses one as the work of a keen observer of modern industrial life and a thought- ful student of its problems."- /("e I /e If of l^eview S. "An interesting and well-informed discussion of economic, sociological and industrial problems."— I 'hiladelphia I'ress. "The fascinating idea of a co-operative commonwealth has found a new advocate, al- most as eloquent as Henry D. Lloyd, more conservative and convincing than Gronlund." The Conarena t iona lis t. "Optimi.sm of a wholesome and cheerful kind pervades the work and there is the firm underlying belief that, through all chance and change, democracy in America is construc- tive."— AtMr )'ork I'ress. "The volume is exceedingly readable and stimulating as well as suggestive."— .Vort/J- western Christian .\d\ocale. "Its courageous outlook upon the misty future of American politics makes it both in- teresting and encouraging to re&A."— Edinblirt^h Scotsman. "Thoughtful, courageous and eminently readable."— f»/as;L''"U' Herald. "He has certainly carefully weighed his arguments and has a clear conception of the goal to which his suggestions lead. The work is decidedly worthy of notice by professional economists." — Philadelphia I.edfier. "So rational, so scholarly and so fair."— 7/;e .Arena. PRICE $1.50 THE MACMILLAN COMPANY New York and London HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO "WOODS" (Inc.) Printers, Engravers and Binders Los Angeles, Cal. 1907 FATHER JUNIPERO SERRA, PROM DOUGLAS TILDEN'S STATUE Presented to the City of San Francisco by Jar>'es D. Phelan HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO 1542-1908 AN ACCOUNT OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE PIONEER SETTLEMENT ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF THE UNITED STATES VOLUME I. OLD TOWN BY WILLIAM E. SMYTHE Author of "The Conquest of Arid America," "Con^rucftive Democracy," Etc. SAN DIEGO THE HISTORY COMPANY 1908 Copyright 1907 bv \MLLIAM E. SMYTHE 1142891 / FOR THE FRIENDSHIP OF THE PEOPLE OF SAN DIEGO io Contents Page Dedication 12 Ijist of Illustrations 12 List of Works Consulted 12 Author 's Foreword 17 Introduction: The Historical Pre-eminence of San Diego 21 PART ONE PERIOD OF DISCOVERY AND MISSION RULE Chapter. I. The Spanish Explorers 27 II. Beginnings of the Mission Epoch 37 III. The Taming of the Indian 48 IV. The Day of Mission Greatness 60 V. The End of Franciscan Eule 71 Priests of San Diego Mission 76 PART TWO WHEN OLD TOWN WAS SAN DIEGO I. Life on Presidio Hill Under the Spanish Flag 81 List of Spanish and Mexican Commandants 96 II. Beginnings of Agriculture and Commerce 98 List of Eanchos in San Diego County 112 III. Political Life in Mexican Days 114 IV. Early Homes, Visitors and Families 131 V. Pleasant Memories of Social Life 142 VI. Prominent Spanish Families 161 Vn. The Indians' Eelations With the Settlers 178 List of Mission Indian Lands 198 VIII. San Diego in the Mexican War 200 • IX. Public Affairs After the War 228 X. Accounts of Early Visitors and Settlers 238 XL Annals of the Close of Old San Diego 250 XII. American Families of the Early Time 266 Xin. The Journalism of Old San Diego 295 XIV. Abortive Attempt to Establish New San Diego 316 PART THREE THE HORTON PERIOD I. The Founder of the Modern Citv 326 II. Horton 's Own Story 332 m. Early Eailroad Efforts, Including the Texas and Pacific 352 " IV. San Diego 's First Boom 366 V. Some Aspects of Local Life 376 PART FOUR PERIOD OF "THE GREAT BOOM" 1. Coming of the Santa Fe 391 II. Phenomena of the Great Boom 413 6 HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO Chapter Page ]I1. Growth of Public Utilities 435 IV. Water Development 443 PART FIVE THE LAST TWO DECADES I. Local Annals, After the Boom 453 11. Political Affairs and Municipal Campaigns 464 III. Later Journalism and Literature 479 IV. The Disaster to the Bennington 503 V. The Twentieth Century Days 507 VI. John D. Spreckels Solves the Railroad Problem 520 PART SIX INSTITUTIONS OF CIVIC LIFE I. Churches and Religious Life 537 II. Schools and Education 568 III. Records of the Bench and Bar 582 IV. Growth of the Medical Profession 5y8 V. The Public Library 610 VI. Story of the City Parks 616 VII. The Chamber of Commerce 624 VIII. Banks and Banking 636 IX. Secret, Fraternal and Other Societies 648 X. Account of the Fire Department 665 PART SEVEN MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS I. History of the San Diego Climate 675 II. San Diego Bay, Harbor and River 687 III. Governmental Activities 697 IV. The Suburbs of San Diego 706 V. Political Roster 719 Li^t of Publications Consulted in the Preparation of this Work .