DOCSLIB.ORG

Jews in Italy Under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922-1945 Edited by Joshua D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jews in Italy Under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922-1945 Edited by Joshua D Cambridge University Press 0521841011 - Jews in Italy under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922-1945 Edited by Joshua D. Zimmerman Index More information INDEX Italicized numbers indicate illustrations. property of Jews, plunder of, 244, 251–252, 253 Abantantuono, Diego, 327 provinces comprising, 244 Abbot, Walter, 276 Rainer, Friedrich, as governor of, 244 academies and learned societies, exclusion of Risiera di San Sabba, camp at, 219, 248, Jews from, 81, 88–89 249–251, 257 Accademia d’Italia, 82–83, 86, 98 Trieste, see Trieste acquiescence of non-Jewish members to, Udine, Gorizia, and Pola, 248, 249, 252 81, 86–88 Africa and African colonies converts, 85 black people as portrayed in La Difesa criticism of antisemitic persecution by della Razza, 117, 119, 129–132, 133, non-Jewish members, 87–88 134, 135, 146 cultural milieu, role of academies in, 81 colonialism and fascist racism, 129, 155 discrimination against Jews prior to racial Ethiopian campaign, 98, 148, 155 laws, 81–83 madamismo (cohabitation arrangements foreign members, 84, 86 with native women in Italian government policy on control of, 81, 82 colonies), 155 introduction of racial laws requiring persecution of Jews in Italian colonies in,75 exclusion, 83–84 Aktion Reinhard, 211, 219, 249 Mussolini’s antisemitism and, 82–83 Alatri, Lionello, 296 number of institutions involved in racial Alfieri, Dino, 115 survey, 85 Alighieri Dante, 118, 151, 333 number of Jews expelled, 85 Almansi, Dante, 229, 240 oath of allegiance to fascist regime, 82, 88 Almirante, Giorgio, 116, 150–151 reactions of Jews to survey and expulsion, Alpenvorland 85, 86 Bolzano survey or census of members, 84–85 internment and transit camp, 219, Acerbo, Giacomo, 116 246–247 Action Franc¸aise, 58, 266, 267, 277 roundup and deportation of Jews in, 245 Adler, Guido, 86 Hofer, Franz, as governor of, 244 Adriatisches K ¨ustenland Merano Fiume plunder of Jewish property in, 251, 252 Palatucci, Giovanni, rescue of Jews by, roundup and deportation of Jews in, 294–295, 316 211, 245 plunder of Jewish property in, 252 persecution of Jews in, 245–246 roundup and deportation of Jews in, property of Jews, plunder of, 244, 219, 248, 249 251–252, 253 persecution of Jews in, 219, 247–249 provinces comprising, 244 351 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521841011 - Jews in Italy under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922-1945 Edited by Joshua D. Zimmerman Index More information 352 Index Alvaro, Corrado, 339 difficulty in coming to terms with reality Amaldi, Edoardo, 108 of racial laws, 175, 176 Angela, Carlo, see private vs. public memory discriminazione status, 168–169 animals, Jews associated with, 135, 137, 138, emigrants, 169 147 Italian identity, Jewish belief in, 168, 175, antisemitism, see also entries on racial 176 anticlericalism, relationship to, 41, 43 Jewish identity, acceptance or rejection of, Christian antisemitism in Italy 168, 169–170, 173, 175, 202 La Difesa della Razza, as expressed in, justifications for appeals, 170–171 120, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131 Arch of Titus, 24 repression of memory of, 340–341 architecture, attacks in La Difesa della Church’s traditional attitude towards Jews, Razza on, 139 266, 274 Arias, Gino, 63, 82, 85, 91 coining of term, 266 army, appeals to government by Jews wishing La Difesa della Razza’s expressions of, see to join, 173–175 La Difesa della Razza, images of the arts, science, and culture, attacks in La Jew in Difesa della Razza on, 136, 143, 144, difficulty in coming to terms with, see 144, 145, 146 difficulty of Jews in coming to terms Ascoli, Aldo, 177 with antisemitic persecution Ascoli, Graziadio Isaia, 44 international issue of minorities, Ascoli, Marta, 250 post-World War I, 58–59 Asseldonck, Anton van, 267 Mussolini and, see Mussolini assimilation and integration perceived responsibility of Jews for, 101 acceptance of Jews in fascist Italy on Pius XII’s failure to fully condemn, 277, condition of, 343 278 early modern period, see Risorgimento Pius XI’s rejection of, 268–269, 274–276 and pre-fascist Italy political aims of 1930s antisemitism in Italian fascist racism, aims of, 340 Italy, 200, 201 Italian perceptions of Jewish presence in purpose in fascist Italy, 147–150 Italy, 199–200 repression of memory regarding, 339–342 sense of integration and equality of Jews Risorgimento and pre-fascist Italy, in Italian society before 1936, character of antisemitism during, 41, 159 43, 47 Auschwitz university circles, antisemitic culture of, Adriatisches K ¨ustenlandJews transported 96–101 to, 248, 250, 251, 253 violence in fascist Italy compared with Alpenvorland Jews transported to, 243, Nazi Germany, 74 245, 246, 247 Antonelli, Giacomo, 279 destination of Italian Jews, 212–214 appeals to government by Jews, 167–175 Roman Jews, roundup and deportation of, army, Jews wishing to join, 173–175 191, 212–213, see also CIA-OSS child’s letter to Mussolini’s son Romano, documents on deportation of Roman 171 Jews conversion or detachment from Jewish Austrian Anschluss, Pius XI’s attitude identity, appeals to be considered toward, 269, 270 Aryan claiming, 169–170 authoritarian regimes, fundamental declarative letters condemning racial laws, weakness of, 33 171–173 Avanti!, 56, 57, 62 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521841011 - Jews in Italy under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922-1945 Edited by Joshua D. Zimmerman Index More information Index 353 Bacht, Heinrich, 273 Bolaffio, Eugenio, 185 Badoglio, Pietro, 334, 335 Bolsheviks, see Soviet Union, Bolsheviks, Balabanoff, Angelica, 57 and Communism “balance of races,” concept of, 58–59 Bolzano Banca Commerciale Italiana, 64 internment and transit camp, 219, Bandiera, Adolfo, 335 246–247 bandieristi, 28, 202 roundup and deportation of Jews in, 245 Barduzzi, Carlo, 127 Bomba, Aldo, 135 Barozzi, Federica, 341 Borghesio, Carlo, 331 Bassani, Giorgio, 321 Borowski, Tadeusz, 331 Battisti, Cesare, 87, 94 Bosshammer, Friedrich, 211, 218, 219 Beccari, Don Arrigo, 190, 195 Bottai, Giuseppe, 84, 88 Belgium, German invasion of, 277 “boys of via Panisperna,” 98 Belleli, Giulia, 250 Bravo, Anna, xiv, 311 Belzec, 249 Breitman, Richard, 225 Ben-Ghiat, Ruth, xiv, 330 Britain, see Great Britain Benamozegh, Elia, 40 Brunacci, Aldo, 303 Benedict XV (pope), 72–73 Buchenwald, 321 Benigni, Roberto and Luigi, see Life is Burns, Charles, 278 Beautiful Businco, Lino, 116, 118 Benoˆıt,Marie (Maria Benedetto), 294, 295–296 Cahn-Speyer, Rudolf, 85 Berard, Leon, 277 Campagna, 294–295 Bergen Belsen, 251, 253 camps, see internment, concentration, and Bergen, Diego von, 268, 269 transit camps Bergmann, Ernst, 268 Canone Inverso, see Making Love, 322, Bergson, Henri, 86 324–326 Berlusconi, Silvio, 32, 331 Capon, Augusto, 139 Bermann, Giulio, 252 Capristo, Annalisa, xiv, 81 Bertolucci, Bernardo, 322 Carcopino, Jr ˆome, 85, 93 Bethlen, Count Stephen, 66 carabinieri of Rome, roundup and biological concepts of race, deportation of, 235 “blood libel,” use of, 124, 148 Carlo Alberto of Savoy (king), 25 La Difesa della Razza, images of the Jew Carroll-Abbing, J. Patrick, 298–299 in, 129–132, 133, 134, 135 Casini, Leto, 289 Manifesto of Racist Scientists, 114 Castel Gandolfo, refugees allowed to take Mussolini’s views of Jews, 60 shelter at, 299, 306 racial laws, 72–73 Castellitto, Sergio, 327 Vatican’s rejection of, 266 Castelnuovo, Guido, 85, 93 Bittanti Battisti, Ernesta, 87 Castelnuovo Tedesco, Mario, 85, 93 black people as portrayed in La Difesa della Catholic Church, see Vatican/Church Razza, 117, 119, 129–132, 133, 134, Cavani, Liliana, 321 135, 146, see also Africa and African Cavour, Camillo Benso, conte di, 39 colonies census, racial, see racial survey or census of Blessed Simon of Trento, 125 1938 Bloch, Ernest, 86 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), see “blood libel,” 122–125, 148 CIA-OSS documents on deportation Boehlich, Walter, 111 of Roman Jews © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521841011 - Jews in Italy under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922-1945 Edited by Joshua D. Zimmerman Index More information 354 Index Cerami, Vincenzo, 332 Nazi occupation and arrest and Chagall, Marc, 144 deportation of Jews in Italy, 191–192 Chajes, Hirsch Perez, 45 non-internee status, 188, 191 Chamberlain, Houston S., 58 Palestine, emigration to, 182, 183–184, Chaplin, Charlie, 334 194 Charles-Roux, Fran ¸cois, 277 partisans, 187, 192 children, see also schools religious worship, 188 appeal letter of child to Mussolini’s son residents of Nonantola, relationship with, Romano, 171 188, 190, 195 mixed marriages, children of, see mixed restrictions on movements of, 188, 190 marriages seminary and nunnery, 190–192 children of Villa Emma at Nonantola, Split children, arrival of, 189 182–196 Switzerland, flight to, 192–194 admittance into Italy as refugees, 185–186 Villa Emma, time spent at, 187–191 Allied territory, attempted escapes to, 192, work permits issued to, 190 194 Zagreb, 183 Bex, 194 Zionism, 186, 187 carpenter’s workshop, 189 Christianity and Church, see non-Jews; deportation of Polish Jews to Vatican/Church concentration camps, 182 Churchill, Winston, 242 education CIA-OSS documents on deportation of carpenter’s workshop, 189 Roman Jews, 224–225, see also difficulties of, 190 Kappler, Herbert farming lessons, 189 allies’ opportunity to warn Roman Jewry, Lesno brdo (Ljubljana), 186–187 237–239 Split children, 189 attempts to stop deportation of Roman Villa Emma, 188, 189, 190 Jews by Nazi officials, 225–233, 237 emotional turmoil of, 187 Kolbe, Fritz (George Wood), activities
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Turkish Cultural Diplomacy
    OCTOBER 5, 2019 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXX, NO. 12, Issue 4605 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 INBRIEF Kim Kardashian Turkish Reveals ‘Big Plans’ For Armenia LOS ANGELES (RFE/RL) — American reality Cultural TV star Kim Kardashian has pledged to explore the possibility of manufacturing her new shapewear line in Armenia and other business opportunities during her upcoming trip to the country. Diplomacy Kardashian has been invited to participate as a “special keynote speaker” and panelist in the World Congress on Information Technology (WCIT) that Ara Güler Photography will be held in Yerevan on October 6-9. The forum Exhibit in NY Inaugurated by is expected to bring together 2,500 tech profes- sionals from more than 70 countries. President Erdo an “I will be visiting Armenia in the next 2 weeks g and hope to seek ways I can help increase trade and hopefully create jobs for Armenians which By Aram Arkun Cutting the ribbon to inaugurate the exhibition (Sarkis Baharoglu photo) includes @skims production there in the future,” Mirror-Spectator Staff Kardashian said late on Thursday, September 26. “I’ve been working extremely hard on this matter Erdogan, and continues until October 10. poser Fahir Atakoglu, who used a photo- and hope my trip to Armenia will bring some amaz- NEW YORK — An exhibition of the President Erdo an entered the hall with graph of Istanbul by Güler on his 2008 ing news because I have big plans!” the Armenian- works of award-winning Turkish-Armenian his wife, Emine gGülbaran, and a large album, “Istanbul in Blue.” John Bailey, American celebrity added in a series of tweets.
    [Show full text]
  • TESI Con Frontespizio.Rtf
    Università degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Geografiche e dell'Antichità Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Storia Moderna e Contemporanea Le ragioni dei Giusti Azioni, tecniche e motivazioni dei "Giusti" italiani durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, 1941 - 1945 Relatore: Professoressa Monica Fioravanzo Laureando: Davide Spada Pianezzola Matricola n.: 585736 Anno Accademico: 2013 - 2014 1 2 I N D I C E Incipit . ............................................................................................5 CAPITOLO 1 STORIA DELL’ANTISEMITISMO . ...... 9 Sulla definizione del termine antisemitismo...................................9 I volti dell'antisemitismo....................................................................... 11 L'antisemitismo religioso: le origini .............................................13 Una leggenda dalla lunga vita: gli omicidi rituali.........................15 L'antisemitismo religioso: dal Medioevo al Secolo dei lumi. .......19 L'antisemitismo nazionalista: l'ebreo come ‘serpe in seno’. ........31 L’antisemitismo scientifico: l’ebreo ‘geneticamente inferiore’....50 L’antisemitismo scientifico in Italia .............................................61 Un antisemitismo di facciata? . .....................................................77 CAPITOLO 2 LE RAGIONI DI UNA SALVEZZA. .... 89 Opportunità o carattere?. ............................................................100 I perché dell’altruismo . ..............................................................117 Lo Yad Vashem. .........................................................................124
    [Show full text]
  • The Catholic Elites in Brazil and Their Attitude Toward the Jews, 1933–1939* Graciela Ben-Dror
    The Catholic Elites in Brazil and Their Attitude Toward the Jews, 1933–1939* Graciela Ben-Dror The 1930s were a decade of sweeping political, social, and economic changes in Brazil. The revolution in 1930 propelled Getúlio Vargas to the presidency;1 there was a distinct political polarization; the general persecution of Communists and the left turned into repression of the same in 1935; and Vargas established an authoritarian state, the Estado Novo (“New State”), in November 1937. All these events affected the attitude of the new political and intellectual elites2 toward the Jewish issue and lent the nascent anti-Jewish climate an additional dimension.3 This climate was abetted by racist ideas that been gestating in Brazil since the late nineteenth century and that had nestled in the consciousness of senior bureaucrats and decision-makers.4 Moreover, a few Brazilian Fascists - members of the Integralist Party, an important movement - helped generate the climate of anti-Jewish hostility by creating the metaphor of the Jew who threatens Brazil and equating Jews with Communists.5 These factors – and 1Boris Fausto, A revolução de 1930 (São Paulo: Editora Brasiliense S. A., 1995, first edition, 1970), pp. 92–114. In this book, one of the most important works on the reasons for the 1930 revolution, Fausto argues that the revolution marked the end of the ruling hegemony of the bourgeoisie at that time. The revolution, prompted by the need to reorganize the country’s economic structure, led to the formation of a regime that arranged compromises among classes and sectors. The military, with its various agencies, became the dominant factor in Brazil’s political development.
    [Show full text]
  • The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 Ii Introduction Introduction Iii
    Introduction i The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 ii Introduction Introduction iii The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930 –1965 Michael Phayer INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS Bloomington and Indianapolis iv Introduction This book is a publication of Indiana University Press 601 North Morton Street Bloomington, IN 47404-3797 USA http://www.indiana.edu/~iupress Telephone orders 800-842-6796 Fax orders 812-855-7931 Orders by e-mail [email protected] © 2000 by John Michael Phayer All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and re- cording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of Ameri- can University Presses’ Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Perma- nence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Phayer, Michael, date. The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 / Michael Phayer. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-253-33725-9 (alk. paper) 1. Pius XII, Pope, 1876–1958—Relations with Jews. 2. Judaism —Relations—Catholic Church. 3. Catholic Church—Relations— Judaism. 4. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945) 5. World War, 1939– 1945—Religious aspects—Catholic Church. 6. Christianity and an- tisemitism—History—20th century. I. Title. BX1378 .P49 2000 282'.09'044—dc21 99-087415 ISBN 0-253-21471-8 (pbk.) 2 3 4 5 6 05 04 03 02 01 Introduction v C O N T E N T S Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi 1.
    [Show full text]
  • An Intellectual Biography of Adriano Olivetti Marco Maffioletti
    The ideal enterprise between factory and community : an intellectual biography of Adriano Olivetti Marco Maffioletti To cite this version: Marco Maffioletti. The ideal enterprise between factory and community : an intellectual biography of Adriano Olivetti. Architecture, space management. Université de Grenoble; Università degli studi (Torino, Italia), 2013. Italian. NNT : 2013GRENL018. tel-01679331 HAL Id: tel-01679331 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01679331 Submitted on 9 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 4(N3% 0≤ • ≤ ¨• ≤°§• §• $/ 4%52 $% , 5.)6%23)4O $% '2 %. /" ,% ≤°≤• §°≥ ¨• £°§≤• §• £•¨¨• •≤• ¨ 5©•≤≥© §• '≤• ¨• • ¨ 5©•≤≥© §•¨© 3§© §© 4 ≤© 3£ °¨ O§•≥ ) °¨© •• ≥ !≤≤– ≥≤©•¨ ¨• ™° •≤ °! 0≤œ≥•• °≤ -°≤£ -! "" )/,%44) 4#$≥• § ≤ • °≤ "°#© ,%6) • %$ .% 00) ≤°≤• ° ≥• §•≥ ,°≤° ≤•≥ '≤ &• § %§•≥ • §• 2•£'•≤£'• ≥≤ ¨° ¨≤• ) °¨© •• ('%2 )) §• ¨5 •≤≥ 3• #°¨'≤•¨•( 3•) • •*& ≤°•©≥©£° §•¨ §©&°≤©*• §© 3§© 3 ≤©£© §•¨¨5 •≤≥ * §• ¨ 3§ 4≤ • §°≥ ¨•≥ O£¨•≥ ,£≤°¨•≥ O£¨• ,£≤°¨• ,°+•≥, ,©-≤°≤• • 3£©•£•≥ '*°©•≥ §• ¨5 •≤≥ 3• #°¨'≤•¨•
    [Show full text]
  • The Silence of the Churches in the Holocaust Years
    NOUGHTS AND CROSSES: THE SILENCE OF THE CHURCHES IN THE HOLOCAUST YEARS COLIN TATZ This essay is about the indifference, even the hostile indifference, of Christian churches to the Jewish experience in the 1930s and 1940s. Even a brief review of the attitudes and actions of the German Catholic and Protestant churches, of two Popes, of the highly-regarded theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer and of the German Jews’ responses leads to this conclusion: that there are much simpler explanations of their silences and their moral abdications than can be found in the grand theorising so often required by the humanities and social sciences. Two factors make this is a difficult assignment. First, identifying let alone pinpointing emotions and attitudes, which is so much harder than assembling chronology and narrative. Second, finding the appropriate words to capture and comprehend church conduct during the Holocaust era. (And then beyond the Shoah to church silence during Burundi, Rwanda, Somalia, Guatemala, North Korea, Bangladesh, Kosovo, Bosnia, Iraq, Darfur, among other such events.) One tries to find and understand the mechanisms, the transmission belts that 'drove' their behaviour. Greed, revenge, hate and contempt explain many acts of evil; Samaritanism, generosity, charitableness, even altruism underlie acts of goodness. A word that doesn’t seem to belong in the vocabularies of good and evil is want. It seems innocuous enough. But want can mislead. To want something is to wish or hope for it, to yearn or pine or even crave for it; the verb implies action towards something positive and definable. Not to want is a much more passive notion, even a negative one.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding & Dism Antling Privilege
    . Catholicism Demands That “Black Lives Matter!” Inclusion Matt Harper Alliance of White Anti-Racists Everywhere - LA, White People 4 Black Lives Social Equity andSocial Equity Abstract The historical role that the Catholic Church has played in oppressing many different groups is clear: for example, the oppression of women, children, LGBTQ people, and people of Color. Equally clear is the choice many churches and congregants make today to remain silent and inert when it comes to prioritizing the dignity of all marginalized populations, even those sitting beside them in the pews. Specifically, the White, Catholic community of faith is significantly absent in the work to challenge institutions that oppose the liberation of Black communities. However, this reality is inconsistent with the most faithful demands of Catholic scripture and tradition. From the Old Testament to Jesus of Nazareth and his apostles to Pope Francis, one core principle of Catholicism is the priority God places on the lives and dignity of the most oppressed. By exploring the atrix Center of the Advancement for atrix Center compendium of Catholicism, White Catholics can find an appropriate framework for considering how to engage the work for racial justice. Additionally, those of he M he White identity have a unique responsibility to explore the realities of their racial T identity. By taking intentional action and heeding the call that so many others and before them have taken up, they can find that it is very much in the lexicon of God to loudly proclaim the Gospel truth, “Black lives matter!” This is a personal self- reflection, and I envision the primary audience for this article to be privileged White Catholics who impose their social and political beliefs about the Black Lives Matter movement on their faith.
    [Show full text]
  • Edward S. Stanton, SJ Papers 1923-1983 BC.2002.071
    Edward S. Stanton, SJ Papers 1923-1983 BC.2002.071 http://hdl.handle.net/2345.2/BC2002-071 Archives and Manuscripts Department John J. Burns Library Boston College 140 Commonwealth Avenue Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467 617-552-3282 [email protected] http://www.bc.edu/burns Table of Contents Summary Information ................................................................................................................................. 3 Administrative Information .........................................................................................................................4 Biographical note...........................................................................................................................................5 Scope and Contents note............................................................................................................................... 6 Arrangement note...........................................................................................................................................6 Collection Inventory...................................................................................................................................... 7 Series I: Correspondence........................................................................................................................7 Series II: Manuscripts.............................................................................................................................7 Series III: Sermons and speeches...........................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Pope Pius XII's Refusal to Publicly Condemn the Holocaust
    Jewish-Christian Relations Insights and Issues in the ongoing Jewish-Christian Dialogue Pope Pius XII’s Refusal to Publicly Condemn the Holocaust 01.05.2020 | Zaina-Sophie Salibi In 2007, the beatification process of Pope Pius XII was met with protests by Jewish and Catholic leaders alike. The point of contention was the controversy over the Pope’s public silence on the Holocaust both during and after the Second World War. If one is to follow the popular line of several journalists and scholars, Cardinal Eugenio Maria Pacelli, known as Pope Pius XII, was an anti-Semite who refused to intervene or even denounce the killing of Jews during the Holocaust. While the beatification process of Pope Pius XII has been halted to this day, the controversy over the Pope’s silence is far from settled: indeed, some scholars—and even prominent Jewish intellectuals —not only refuse to condemn the Pope’s silence over the treatment of the Jews during the Holocaust, but argue that Pope Pius XII’s public silence over the matter led to the salvation of thousands of Jews in Europe during the War.[1] Guilt and complicity? Some historians such as Frank Coppa[2] argue that the reputation of Pope Pius XII was largely intact—and positive—immediately after 1945. Others have noted small but significant pockets of dissatisfaction over the Pope’s lack of public denunciation of the Holocaust both during and after the War. However, most agree that: “After the production of Rolf Hochhuth’s play Der Stellvertreter (The Representative or The Deputy in English) in 1963 in Berlin and London, and a year later in New York, it became a “hot topic” for a time”.[3] Hochhuth’s award-winning play characterized Pope Pius XII as a cold and scheming diplomat whose only concern was to protect the power of the Catholic Church in Europe at a moment when Nazi and Fascist governments seemed poised to govern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Popes, One Holocaust Rather Than Canonize the Controversial Pius XII, Perhaps the Church Should Be Honoring His More Courageous Predecessor Pius XI by Kevin J
    Two Popes, One Holocaust Rather than canonize the controversial Pius XII, perhaps the church should be honoring his more courageous predecessor Pius XI By Kevin J. Madigan URING THE FIRST four years is a posthumous recognition that designates one who, of his pontifi cate, Pope Bene- in his lifetime, achieved acts of heroic virtue. Yet even dict XVI put the beatifi cation if one puts aside the contentious debate over what he proceedings of the controversial did or did not do for Jews being deported during the World War II–era pope, Pius XII, war, Pius XII’s reign was, in fact, conspicuous for its in abeyance. It was, Benedict an- lack of heroism. Seen in that light, Benedict’s declara- nounced, a time for “refl ection”— tion of Pius XII as venerable made one wonder how dif- not yet the time to grant sainthood. At the end of last ferent, in his relationship with the Jewish community, D year, however, the pope apparently decided that the Benedict XVI would be from his beloved predecessor time for “refl ection” should draw to a close. In a Mass John Paul II. commemorating the 50th anniversary of the wartime As it happens, there are interesting questions pontiff’s death, Benedict moved Pius XII closer to involving Pius XII and his immediate predecessor, canonization by declaring him “blessed” and “vener- Pius XI. Born Achille Ratti, the elder Pius served able.” Born Eugenio Pacelli, Pius XII presided over the as pope from 1929 to 1939. New research by Father church from 1939 until his death in 1958.
    [Show full text]
  • BP Heringová
    Západo česká univerzita v Plzni Fakulta filozofická Bakalá řská práce Katolická církev v podmínkách sv ětových válek Magda Heringová Plze ň 2012 Západo česká univerzita v Plzni Fakulta filozofická Katedra filozofie Studijní program Humanitní studia Studijní obor Humanistika Bakalá řská práce Katolická církev v podmínkách sv ětových válek Magda Heringová Vedoucí práce: Mgr. et Bc. Dagmar Demjan čuková, CSc. Katedra filozofie Fakulta filozofická Západo české univerzity v Plzni Plze ň 2012 Prohlašuji, že jsem práci zpracovala samostatn ě a použila jen uvedených pramen ů a literatury. Plze ň, duben 2012 ……………………… Pod ěkování: Ráda bych na tomto míst ě pod ěkovala vedoucí práce, Mgr. et Bc. Dagmar Demjan čukové, CSc. P ři tvorb ě práce jsem velmi ocenila její podn ětné rady, připomínky, ochotu a čas, který mi v ěnovala. I OBSAH 1. ÚVOD.............................................................................................................. 1 2. Historické souvislosti ...................................................................................... 3 3. První sv ětová válka ......................................................................................... 5 3.1. Sedm bod ů mírového plánu ................................................................... 5 3.2. Benedikt XV. po první sv ětové válce .................................................... 7 4. Mezivále čné období ........................................................................................ 9 4.1. Nástup nacionálního socialismu k moci ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Edward Marchant the Influences and Role of Pope Pius XI Against Antisemitism
    Edward Marchant The Influences and Role of Pope Pius XI against Antisemitism Aquila – The FGCU Student Research Journal Volume 3 Issue 2 (2017) DOI 10.24049/aq.3.2.3 © 2017 Marchant Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 OPEN ACCESS Aquila - The FGCU Student Research Journal 7KH,QÀXHQFHVDQG5ROHRI3RSH3LXV;,DJDLQVW$QWLVHPLWLVP Edward Marchant College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965 Faculty mentor: Paul Bartrop, Ph.D., Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965 ABSTRACT The role of Pope Pius XI in dealing with the spreading of Nazi racism is one that has been overshadowed by his controversial successor’s actions during the Holocaust. This historical narrative fails to recognize the achievements of this relatively centrist pope in an era of extremes. In fact, Pope Pius XI played a crucial part in laying the foundation for Christian and Jewish resistance against Nazi racist ideologies and cruelty. Indeed, his actions are in part a makeup of his life’s mission. Thus, by ORRNLQJDWWKHSHUVRQDOLQÀXHQFHVWKDWVKDSHGKLVSHUVSHFWLYHWKURXJKRXWKLVOLIHWKDWVKDSHGKLVSROLWLFDOUDFLDODQGUHOLJLRXV beliefs, Pope Pius XI can be seen both as an opponent to racial antisemitism and a man attempting to keep the Church safe while caught in a world of rapid change due to the ideal of modernity and the spreading of Communism and Fascism. Keywords: Pope, Nazi, racism, antisemitism, Communism, Holocaust, Bolshevism Pope Pius XI was an early opponent of Nazism, and uncle, he would come to know the local archbishop, and deserves a thorough and even-handed study of his life and eventually after graduating from seminary school with a role as supreme pontiff.
    [Show full text]