Computer Based Composition Scott Hewitt 2013 June Boyce-Tillman. Constructing musical healing: The wounds that sing. London: Jessica Kingsley, 2000. B. Brewster and F. Broughton. Last Night a Dj Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey. GROVE/ATLANTIC Incorporated, 1999. ISBN 9780802136886. URL http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Np3dpRhTsxQC. B Chamish. Police raid trance parties in israel. Billboard, 110(37):40, 1998. Torsten Fassbender. The trance experience: An introduction to electronic dance music. Knoxville, Tenn.: Sound. org, 2005. Jimi Fritz. Rave culture: An insider’s overview. Small Fry Pub, 2000. Scott R Hutson. The rave: Spiritual healing in modern western subcultures. Anthropological Quarterly, pages 35–49, 2000. Iara Lee and Simon Reynolds. Modulations: a history of electronic music: throbbing words on sound. 2000. Matthias E Liechti, Alex Gamma, Franz X Vollenweider, et al. Gender differences in the subjective effects of mdma. Psychopharmacology, 154(2):161–168, 2001. R. Snoman. The Dance Music Manual: Tools, Toys and Techniques. Focal Press, 2012. Donna Summer. Love to love you baby, 1975. History of Electronic Music Scott Hewitt @scotthewitt Sound Recording Phonautograph 1857 Leon Scott Phonography 1877 Edison (Charles Cros) Gramophone 1887 Emile Berliner Magnetic Tape 1928 Fritz Fleumer Futurist The Art of Noises 1913 Luigi Russolo Cage The Future of Music - Credo 1937 Organisation of Sound Chicago House Music Love to Love You Baby Donna Summer 1975 Disco 1970’s Emmergence from Funk Music Night Fever 1977 Disco Sucks Steve Vahl 12 July 1979 House Music Francis Grosso Sanctuary 1970 Mixing of Two Tracks The Gallery New York Nicky Siano Frankie Knuckles and Larry Levan The Continental Baths 1977 Frankie Knuckles The Warehouse Chicago Descriptive of style rather than music Godfather of House 1982 and 1983 Decline of the Warehouse Knuckles established the Powerhouse Music Box Ron Hardy Eclectic Mix - Euro Disco, Funk, Soul Greatest Ever DJ WBMX On Air Mixing Scatches Back Spins Phase Effects Ralphi Rossario Kenny ‘Jammin’ Jason Steve ‘Silk’ Hurley Mickey ‘Mixin’ Oliver Farley ‘Jackmaster’ Funk The Reworks Frankie Knuckles Italian Imports Playing Italian imports due to disco sucks campaign including dub influences Erasmo Rivieria Reworking earlier Disco On and On Jesse Saunders 1984 Released by Jes Say Distributed by Imports Etc Your Love Jamie Principle Only given to Knuckles The Labels Trax - Larry Sherman DJ International - Rocky Jones The Releases Music is the Key Move Your Body Time to Jack Get Funky Jack Your Body Runaway Girl Promised Land Washing Machine House Nation Acid Trax Hardware 1987 Roland TB303 TR909 TR808 Juno 106 Larry Heard Can U Feel It 1986 Influenced by Soul, Jazz and Techno, not Disco DeepHouse Instrumental on Mr. Fingers’ "Washing Machine" EP Rhythm Control My House 1987 Chuck Roberts Vocals Remix of Can U Feel It Nick Siano I’m Looking For You 1986 Todd ’The God’ Terry NY Hip Hop Introduced Sampling Techniques Percusive Style Released 3 Massive Dance Floor House Anthmes Current 14 Different Subgenres progressive house, hard house, deep house, dark house, acid house, Chicago house, UK house, US house, euro house, French house, tech house, vocal house, micro house and disco house Analysis In fact, today the word house has become somewhat of a catch-all name for music that is dance (not pop!), yet doesn’t fit into any other dance category. [Snoman(2012)] Features 4/4 Range : 110 - 140 BPM Typical : 127 or 137 Listening Daft Punk - Digital Love Modjo - Lady I Four to the floor I Syncopated Bass I Electric Wah I Sample Inclusion Technique Fundamental Beat Structure Kick on beat 1/4 note 16th HighHats Open on Offbeat Strong Weak Medium Weak Snare / Claps beat 2 and 4 Additional Percussion Play Live for feel Define subgenre Drive Snare pushed forward with Bass Clap pushed forward Kick Tight Short Decay / Fast Attack TR909 90hz Sine + Compressed Square Slight Distortaion Kick II Compress Low Ratio High Threshold Fast Attack Medium Release Snare E-Mu Drumulator Square + Pink Noise Fast Attack + Fast Decay HPF or BPF Others Down sampling for harshness Mix Percussion Slight Reverb Pitch Shifts Problems from multiple sounds at once Compression for ’pumping’ Noise Gate to cut up Layering Kick Bass Simple Walking Complex live playing Timing - inject Groove Listening Supermen Lovers’ ‘Starlight’ Bass Driven Layo and Bushwacka’s ‘Love Story’ Keys Focus SynthPop Electro Pop / Technopop late 1970 / mid 1980s Artists Yellow Magic Orchestra - Firecracker (79) Was Dog A Doughnut - Cat Stevens (77) Ultravox The Human League Deep House Mystery of Love (85) Can you feel it? (86) by Larry Heard (Chicago) Lush, soulful sound Darker Timbres Jazzy Harmony Acid House Acid Tracks (87) - Phuture 303 Use of TB-303 Squelch Ambient House Establihsed by The Orb 89 Synth Pads Vocal Samples Atmospheric Blue Room - The Orb Elvis on the Radio, Steel Guitar in my Soul - The KLF Funky House Cassius 99 - Cassius Fukkin Oldskool - Olav Basoski Occasional Acoustic Instrumentation Critcal Listening Lecture 5 Trance 1980s Eurohouse Eurodance Eurotechno Euro-NRG Euro EuroDance Rich Female melodic vocals Male Rapped verses Synthesizer Strong bass rhythm Melodic hooks Billboard 70s disco and 60s psychedelia [Chamish(1998)] History Emerged Germany 1993 [Fassbender(2005)] We Came in Peace by Dance 2 Trance (DJ Dag and Jam El Mar) The Age of Love by Jam & Spoon Love Stimulation by Paul van Dyk Style a variant of techno marked by a relentlessly seductive, hypnotizing beat [Lee and Reynolds(2000)] Raves Music in general has always been able to sweep people off their feet, but what distinguishes raves is the concept of the shared experience; a feeling of unity often arises and people are open and friendly to one another. People are celebrated for who they are, not what they are not. Brian Behlendorf, as quoted in [Fritz(2000), pg52] Healing “the rave can be conceptualized as a form of healing comparable both to shamanic, ecstatic healing documented in ethnographies of small-scale non-western societies, and to spiritual experiences in modern western subcultures” [Hutson(2000), p36] Traditions The trance and rave music traditions have seen music and dance rejoined with notions of transcendence. In these traditions, transcendence has been made into a commodity by a capitalist value system that enables the recording industry and the drug cartels to exploit what is a fundamental human need. [Boyce-Tillman(2000), 280] MDMA (Ecstasy) Subjective Effects derealization, depersonalization, altered perception of space and time, positive basic mood, mania-like experience, anxious derealization, thought disorder, fears of loss of thought or body control, visual hallucinations or pseudo-hallucinations, synesthesia, changed meaning of percepts, facilitated recollection or imagination. [Liechti et al.(2001)Liechti, Gamma, Vollenweider, et al.] Adjective Mood self-confidence, heightened mood, apprehension-anxiety, thoughtfulness-contemplativeness, extroversion, dazed state, sensitivity and emotional excitation. [Liechti et al.(2001)Liechti, Gamma, Vollenweider, et al.] Location German Goa Ibiza Styles Progressive, Goa, Psychedelic, Acid or Euphoric Acid Trance Early 1990s style First-wave trance Roland TB-303 bass machine as lead Artist Art of Trance Union Jack Eternal Basement Emmanuel Top Hardfloor Kai Tracid Solar Quest Oliver Lieb Alex Shelley Examples Octopus - The Art Of Trance Two Full Moons & A Trout (Original Mix) - Union Jack Goa Trance complex, melodic form of trance named for Goa Early 90s IDF Artist Yahel Sherman The Infinity Project Transwave Man With No Name Infected Mushroom Astral Projection Goa Gil Juno Reactor Message From God Example Razorback - Juno Reactor Cosmic Waves - Yahel Dream Trance epic trance mid-’90s highly melodic often features soothing piano riffs Artist DJ Dado Robert Miles The Cynic Project Zhi-Vago Example Children - Robert Miles Cherry Earth - The Cynic Project Trance II Euro-Trance Hardstyle bass drums Primitive Lyrics Pitch Shifted Vocals Remixes Artist Jan Wayne Milk Inc. Special D. Marko Albrecht Pulsedriver Cascada Alice DeeJay DJ Manian Insomnia Tune Up! Example Because The Night - Jan Wayne Better Off Alone - Alice Deejay Balearic Trance Very melodic and mellow sometimes with ethnic features Costal sample use Use of guitar Syncopated or Latin rhythms Artist Café del Mar Chicane Energy 52 Imagination Miromusic Roger Shah Salt Tank York Example Saltwater - Chicane Jeanie - Salt Tank Hard Trance German 1993 Aggressive Slower Originating in Frankfurt Influences from hardcore Artist Kai Tracid Gary D. Yoji Biomehanika Lisa Lashes Trance Generators Flutlicht Mat Silver & Tony Burt DuMonde Jones & Stephenson Yves Deruyter Cosmic Gate Mauro Picotto Sunburst DJ Scot Project Jon The Baptist System D Example Exploration of Space - Cosmic Gate Imperion - Jon The Baptist Second Wave Uplifting, Athem, Epic Commercialized Late 90s Artist Paul van Dyk Super8 & Tab Gouryella Dan Stone System F Andy Blueman Carlo Resoort Nitrous Oxide Ayla Sash! Ferry Tayle Armin van Buuren Filo & Peri ATB DJ Tandu Neo & Farina Blank & Jones Marco V Matt Darey Above & Beyond Daniel Kandi Digital United Sean Tyas Airscape EX-PLOSION Darude Tiesto Vincent de Moor Airbase Aly & Fila Cascade The Thrillseekers Example Crown of Thorns - Matt Darey Evacuate the Dance Floor - Cascade Issue In Performance Live Use Elements - not tracks Resources www.tranceaddict.com Trance Analysis Analysis Anthemic Music Long Breakdown Melodic Reprises Layered Elements Simple Structurial