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Moving Forward EU-India Relations. the Significance of the Security Moving Forward EU-India Relations The Significance of the Security Dialogues edited by Nicola Casarini, Stefania Benaglia and Sameer Patil Edizioni Nuova Cultura Output of the project “Moving Forward the EU-India Security Dialogue: Traditional and Emerging Issues” led by the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) in partnership with Gate- way House: Indian Council on Global Relations (GH). The project is part of the EU-India Think Tank Twinning Initiative funded by the European Union. First published 2017 by Edizioni Nuova Cultura for Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) Via Angelo Brunetti 9 – I-00186 Rome – Italy www.iai.it and Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations Colaba, Mumbai – 400 005 India Cecil Court, 3rd floor Copyright © 2017 Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations (ch. 2-3, 6-7) and Istituto Affari Internazionali (ch. 1, 4-5, 8-9) ISBN: 9788868128531 Cover: by Luca Mozzicarelli Graphic composition: by Luca Mozzicarelli The unauthorized reproduction of this book, even partial, carried out by any means, including photocopying, even for internal or didactic use, is prohibited by copyright. Table of Contents Abstracts .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 15 1. Maritime Security and Freedom of Navigation from the South China Sea and Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: Potential and Limits of EU-India Cooperation by Nicola Casarini ................................................................................................................. 21 1.1 Europe’s maritime strategy .................................................................................... 23 1.2 India’s maritime strategy ........................................................................................ 26 1.3 China’s new Maritime Silk Road: Implications for the EU and India ..... 28 1.4 European and Indian perspectives on evolving security dynamics in the South China Sea ............................................................................................... 30 .................................... 33 1.6 Old and new multilateral security frameworks ............................................ 36 1.5 The maritime balance of power in the Indo-Pacific 2. Maritime Security and Freedom of Navigation from the South China Sea and Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean by Vice Admiral Anil Chopra ............................................................................................. 39 2.1 Maritime security ........................................................................................................ 40 ........................................................................................................... 41 ................................................................................... 42 2.42.2 India’sThe Indo-Pacific maritime perspective ................................................................................. 43 2.52.3 ChinaThe EU and and the the Indian Indo-Pacific Ocean Region .................................................................... 44 2.6 India-EU maritime cooperation ............................................................................ 45 3. India-EU Cooperation on Cyber Security and Data Protection by Sameer Patil, Purvaja Modak, Kunal Kulkarni and Aditya Phatak ............. 47 3.1 Multiple cyber security challenges ..................................................................... 48 3.1.1 Cyber threats from non-state actors ....................................................... 51 3.2 Opportunities for India-EU cyber security cooperation ........................... 53 3.3 Impact of EU’s dual-use regime on cyber security cooperation ............ 57 3.4 Data protection issues impinging on India-EU ties ..................................... 58 3.5 Policy recommendations for India-EU cyber security cooperation .... 62 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 67 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4. EU-India Cooperation on Cyber Issues: Towards Pragmatic Idealism? by Patryk Pawlak .................................................................................................................. 77 4.1 The EU and cyber diplomacy: A forward-looking player? ........................ 77 4.2 Incredible India: More than a slogan .................................................................. 79 4.3 India’s cyber policies: A swing state? ................................................................. 83 4.3.1 Multi-stakeholder approach and accountability ............................... 83 4.3.2 Sovereignty in cyberspace ........................................................................... 84 4.3.3 Protection of human rights online ........................................................... 84 4.4 Understanding the limits of EU-India cooperation ...................................... 85 4.4.1 Guilty by association ....................................................................................... 85 4.4.2 Principles-policy gap ..................................................................................... 87 4.5 A “pragmatic idealism” through network diplomacy ................................. 87 5. EU-India Cooperation on Space and Security by Isabelle Sourbès-Verger ................................................................................................ 91 5.1 The prominent role of cooperation in building the space capabilities of India and Europe .................................................................................................... 93 5.2 The use of satellites to enhance national and international security ..... 97 5.3 Space security challenges, a new topic for the EU-India partnership ..... 101 5.4 Opportunities and challenges for EU-India cooperation ....................... 103 5.5 Policy recommendations ...................................................................................... 106 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 108 6. Potential and Challenges of India-EU Space Cooperation by Chaitanya Giri ................................................................................................................. 109 6.1 India and Europe’s cooperation-driven space programme ................... 110 6.2 India’s cooperation on the Galileo programme ........................................... 111 6.3 On EU’s diplomatic measures for addressing space security challenges ..................................................................................................................... 112 6.4 Why India-EU space cooperation is nascent ................................................. 114 6.5 The scope of India-EU cooperation in monitoring space ....................... 115 Concluding remarks .......................................................................................................... 117 7. India-EU Defence Cooperation: The Role of Industry by Sameer Patil, Purvaja Modak, Kunal Kulkarni and Aditya Phatak ........... 119 7.1 Strategic partnership, little convergence ...................................................... 120 7.2 Stronger relations between New Delhi and European capitals .......... 122 7.3 India’s military modernisation ........................................................................... 129 7.4 Opportunities in India’s defence market ....................................................... 132 ................................................................ 137 7.6 Policy recommendations for deepening India-EU defence 7.5 cooperationPotential minefields ............................... and challenges................................................................................... 140 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 143 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS 8. EU-India Defence Cooperation: A European Perspective by Stefania Benaglia and Alessandro R. Ungaro .................................................... 149 8.1 An overview of the European defence market and industry ............... 150 8.2 Most prominent areas of possible EDTIB cooperation with India .... 155 8.3 What could facilitate industrial cooperation? ............................................ 158 8.4 How can an enhanced EU-India security dialogue facilitate European defence companies’ investments in India? ............................. 159 8.4.1 Boosting coordination amongst EU Member States ..................... 160 8.4.2 Enhanced EU political engagement with India ............................... 162 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 165 9. EU-India: Starting a More Adventurous Conversation by Shada Islam ..................................................................................................................... 167 9.1 The new conversation ............................................................................................ 168 9.2 Going forward, three important drivers ....................................................... 168 9.3 The challenge ahead ................................................................................................
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