2014 GLOBAL HEALTH WORKSHOP Hosted by National Taiwan
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2014 GLOBAL HEALTH WORKSHOP Hosted By National Taiwan University September 24-27, 2014 ABSTRACTS Table of Contents ABSTRACTS FOR ORAL PRESENTATIONS ........................................................................ 2 SPECIAL PRESENTATIONS............................................................................................................... 2 CONCURRENT PANELS ..................................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACTS FOR POSTER PRESENTATIONS ................................................................. 28 ABSTRACTS FOR ORAL PRESENTATIONS SPECIAL PRESENTATIONS AUTHOR(S): Naowarut Charoenca, Nipapun Kungskulniti, Nipapun; Stephen Hamann UNIVERSITY: Mahidol University Faculty of Public Health TITLE: “Commercial interests threaten public health through the Trans-Pacific Partnership.” ABSTRACT: Background: The United States is the main promoter of the Trans Pacific Partnership, a so- called ‘trade agreement’ that is being negotiated in secret by 12 countries of the Pacific Rim. Leaked portions of this agreement show that it includes an international mechanism to deal with disputes of trade that benefits business interests at the expense of the rights of nations to set their own health policies. This supra-national mechanism known as the investor state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism has the potential to limit public health in numerous ways. Methods: Present positions of several Pacific Rim countries and international organizations opposing the TPP are reviewed. Results and Examples : At first, the US indicated it would make provisions to exclude tobacco from some provisions of the TPP, but then said it would not do so. We review the positions of organizations and governments who are a party to the TPP: Australia, Canada, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, and those not a party to it including China and Thailand. We also touch on efforts by US states and both US political parties to stop or delay the TPP. Outcomes and Conclusions: The outcome of efforts against the TPP are still uncertain, but countries in Asia should be aware of the dangers of this agreement as presently written, and work with those of similar interest against actions to limit national efforts to institute strong and cost-effective public health measures AUTHOR(S): Henry Ko UNIVERSITY: University of Sydney TITLE: “Trends in clinical trial activity in Australia from 2005 to 2013. Implications for health research trade and ethics.” ABSTRACT: Clinical trial registries (CTRs) are a public database of healthcare clinical trials. CTRs track some aspects of global health trade, particularly trends in clinical research activity. Using Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov data, there are approximately 8,000 Australian trials registered as of December 2013. Since 2005 there has been a shift in clinical trial investment towards certain health areas, and towards smaller, non-industry, and locally-based trials. The median sample size of new interventional trials is decreasing (129 in 2005; 90 in 2013). The majority of new interventional trials are evaluating treatments, with cancer, mental health, and cardiovascular diseases being the most studied in 2013. The number of new industry and non-industry trials has increased since 2005, but in recent years the majority of new trials have been non-industry trials. The majority of new non-industry trials are Australian-based trials (44% in 2005; 56% in 2013), with a minority being multinational trials. However for industry trials, multinational trial activity is decreasing (30% in 2005; 22% in 2013). The number of new Australian-based industry trials is also decreasing (21% in 2005; 17% in 2013). Apart from tracking clinical trial trends, CTRs also facilitate public health ethical obligations. They aim to uphold the scientific, ethical and moral responsibilities of researchers. The Declaration of Helsinki states that clinical trials should be registered in a publicly accessible database. However, not all trials are registered, and this is an important ethical issue that is being tackled by various global initiatives (e.g. AllTrials campaign). 2 AUTHOR(S): Md. Ershadul Karim UNIVERSITY: University of Malaya Faculty of Law TITLE: “Nanotechnology in Health Care: Present Status, Regulatory Challenges and Recent Developments.” ABSTRACT: Abstract: Right to health is one of the most crucial human right and sound health is the prerequisite to enjoy other human rights. Nanotechnology, the next wonder after internet, has the prospect to solve many challenges of the developing countries, including safe and clean drinking water, disease diagnosis and screening, drug delivery system, food processing and storage, air pollution and remediation, health monitoring, etc. Researchers from around the world have already tested nanotechnology in almost every areas of human knowledge and concluded that this emerging technology has limitless potential. Of all the projected prospects, health care, medicine and diagnosis are the areas where nanotechnology can be applied more successfully. Nevertheless, there are concerns too as there are significant resemblances between the fibrous properties of nanomaterials with that of asbestos. Engineered nanomaterials or nanoparticles can enter human health in a number of ways- inhalation, ingestion and dermal. However, since most of the research are still mainly conducted in laboratory settings, the exact human health implications of nanomaterial are yet to be confirmed. Therefore, unless, nanomaterials can be regulated properly, the dream with and prospects of nanomaterials may turn to nightmare or perils. In this circumstances, this paper aims at sharing some recent developments in health care, regulatory challenges and dilemma of the regulators around the world and regulatory practices. This will be argued that nanotechnology R & D should be continuous within the approved regulatory framework. AUTHOR(S): Duan-Rung Chen UNIVERSITY: National Taiwan University TITLE: Doing exercise is an issue of who you are or where you live? A comparison study of China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan.” ABSTRACT: Asian countries are witnessing rising rates of obesity and decreases in physical activity, but few cross country analyses exist that explore patterns and variations. Regular physical exercise that emphasizes body building and workout is often perceived to be an element of Western lifestyle in Asia countries. People of high social standing tend to adopt a westernized lifestyle than of low social standing. This study draws data from four Asian countries to examine the relative association of one’s relative social standing and perceived neighborhood quality with regular physical exercise in adults while controlling for psycho-social factors. Cross-sectional data from the East Asian Social Survey collected in 2011 including nationally representative samples of adults living in urban areas from China, South Korea, Taiwan and Japan were used for analyses. Methods: Country-specific logistic regression models on regular physical activity were conducted. Results: The results indicated that respondents perceived to be in relative higher social ranking were more likely to have regular exercise, and this association was consistent across four Asia countries. Perceived neighborhood quality such as social support and accessible pubic facilities was associated with physical exercise for different countries. The study concluded that physical activity for its own sake (intrinsic motivation) may be less a predictor found in Asia societies. More studies on social class identity and associated social norms around weight and physical activity are warranted. 3 AUTHOR(S): Lamia Karim UNIVERSITY: University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology TITLE: “‘Learning to Labor’: Community-Based Healthcare and Female Garment Labor in Bangladesh” ABSTRACT: This paper is an assessment of the healthcare needs of female garment industry workers in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is touted as the ‘cheapest” place to manufacture clothes, and its workers are paid the lowest wages in the world while their labor is the source of a $20+ billion revenue stream for the country. The garment industry employs over four million young women, mostly poor migrants from rural to urban areas. The industry has over 5,000 poorly-regulated factories. Following the eight-story factory collapse in April 2013, the world has learned about the dire conditions and low wages under which poor women stitch clothes for major American and European labels. But attention has focused on upgrading the safety standards in factories, and less attention has been paid to the environmental and health consequences of industrial work on the female labor force. Based on research, I found that workers suffered from the following health problems—chronic back pain from sitting for extended periods of time, upper respiratory infections from cotton dust, and poor nutrition. This paper explores the healthcare provided by a community-based organization known as Awaaj (Awareness) that runs an after-hours mobile clinic for garment workers. Awaaj has developed an innovative model by bringing healthcare to the slums where the workers live allowing them to visit the clinic after work. Moreover, Awaaj is associated with a local trade union run by a former garment worker, and it uses the clinic as a pedagogical environment to train workers about environmental hazards and their rights. AUTHOR(S): Bohyun