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Amplifying the People's Voices: the Philippine Community Radio Experience and Challenge

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Amplifying the People's Voices: the Philippine Community Radio Experience and Challenge AMPLIFYING THE PEOPLE’S VOICES: The Philippine Community Radio Experience and Challenges Book project manager: Jola Diones-Mamangun Overall editor: Evelyn Roxas Writers: Bedette Libres Raymund B. Villanueva Book cover artwork: Federico Dominguez Book design and layout: Pom C. Villanueva Researchers: Marvie Matura Frenchiemae Cumpio Published by The International Association of Women in Radio and Television-Philippine Chapter with the support of The International Association of Women in Radio and Television-International and Fokus-Norway c/o Kodao Productions Third Floor, Erythrina Building 1 Maaralin corner Matatag Streets, Barangay Central Quezon City, 1100 Philippines Email: [email protected] Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Iawrtphil/ Telephone: (+632) 4262201 This publication or any part thereof may be reproduced or redistributed for non-profit purposes. We request, however, that proper credit be given to the publisher, authors and photographers, as the case may be. © IAWRT-Philippine Chapter 2018 AMPLIFYING THE PEOPLE’S VOICES: The Philippine Community Radio Experience and Challenges Table of Contents Foreword I. Introduction: The Philippine Media Overview 3 II. History: Community Radio Broadcasting in the Philippines 9 III. The Kodao Experience: Amplifying the voice of the people 13 a. Community Radio: The Kodao experience 15 b. Kodao’s other radio projects: Partnerships and stronger voices 23 c. Kodao’s radio programs: Brave, award-winning, progressive 29 IV. From Tacloban to Cebu to Panay: The IAWRT Community Radio Project 38 V. Conclusion and Challenges 50 Foreword This book, like the entire IAWRT Community Radio Station project in areas throughout Central Philippines hard-hit by Supertyphoon Yolanda (International name ‘Haiyan’) in 2013, was an idea borne out of discussions by the IAWRT International Board. The current leadership of our global family wanted a publication that presents conditions of a country that sorely needs an amplified voice of its suffering people. Prior to this, IAWRT made the groundbreaking decision to support a community radio station project that is based on a pressing need. Moreover, it wanted a narration of how the project is being undertaken—its successes and failures—and how it faces formidable challenges in its drive towards full fruition. IAWRT said it wants a full documentation of the entire project in the hope that valuable lessons are learned. Specifically, IAWRT wanted to know how community women, whose voices need amplification the most, are encouraged and engaged to be the most important assets of this arduous undertaking. IAWRT chose its Philippine Chapter to undertake this work. The International Board encouraged the local chapter to continue its work after suffering organizational setbacks earlier this decade. It responded by resolutely reinvigorating itself, starting in the latter part of 2013. Since then, it has gone from strength to strength that AMPLIFYING THE PEOPLE’S VOICES: The Philippine Community Radio Experience and Challenges resulted in its successful hosting of the 37th Biennial Conference in Quezon City, Philippines in November 2018. It is notable that this book substantially discusses Kodao Productions’ community radio experience. It is a conscious decision on the part of this publication’s editors and writers to be as comprehensive based on several compelling reasons. First, Kodao Productions is arguably the Philippines’ most active community radio broadcasting advocate. It took on the challenge left behind by its community radio predecessors Tambuli and Masipag and it continues to challenge the hegemony of corporate-based radio broadcasting on the grassroots level in the Philippines. Second, Kodao Productions’ community radio broadcasting model is premised on the principle that women, as well as other marginalized sectors in Philippine society, are not mere recipients but co-owners of the airwaves. As shown by its example of choosing women as top organizational managers, women eventually become managers of community radio stations Kodao Productions helped establish: Radyo Cagayano, Radio Sagada, and Radyo Lumad. No other community radio broadcasting advocate is as determined as Kodao Productions in this regard. Lastly, it is hoped that on the foundation of Kodao Productions’ campaign for community radio broadcasting that the challenge to establish more democratic airwaves in the Philippines become a reality. What Kodao Productions could not accomplish, it is hoped that others, such as IAWRT-Philippines and IAWRT International, may be able to carry on until full realization. It is hoped as well that this book would serve as a valuable resource to similar projects in the future in other parts of the world. 2 INTRODUCTION: The Philippine Media Overview Philippine mass media enjoys the reputation as among the most free in Asia—rowdy, vibrant, diverse and hugely profitable. The country, however, suffers as among the most dangerous countries in the world for journalists. Radio and Television There are nearly 1,000 radio stations (around 600 of which are actively broadcasting) across an archipelago of 7,107 islands, broadcasting on FM and Medium Wave (AM), according to Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (KBP) - the Association of Broadcasters of the Philippines. As of last count, the KBP also lists more than 200 television stations nationwide. These radio and television stations are either stand-alone or are owned by the 121 KBP-listed media organizations and corporations nationwide. Radio and TV stations collectively command the biggest audiences nationwide. There is no listing yet of cable television stations that are currently gaining popularity in the provinces. Radio remains to be the most reliable medium for distributing news, information and entertainment in the Philippines’ rural interior, where mountains often get in the way of TV signals. However, TV is popular in the main towns and cities and satellite dishes are increasingly bringing television to remote rural areas. TV signals beamed down from space are less affected by the mountainous terrain. According to the National Commission on Culture and the Arts, radio reaches 85 percent of households in the country, whereas television reaches just under 60 percent. 3 AMPLIFYING THE PEOPLE’S VOICES: The Philippine Community Radio Experience and Challenges Privately-owned radio and television outfits The first radio station in the Philippines started broadcasting in 1922. Television first came to the Philippines in 1953, but TV only took off in a big way following the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986. Many broadcast outfits are owned by one of the big national radio and TV networks. Broadcasting is dominated by six powerful radio and TV networks which command massive audiences nationwide: ABS-CBN, GMA, TV5, Manila Broadcasting Corporation, Radio Mindanao Network, and Bombo Radyo. TV has begun to displace radio in many rural areas as people increasingly turn to satellite dishes to overcome reception problems. Radio, on the other hand, has gained a new lease of life in the towns and cities with the spread of mobile phones. According to the Philippines’ National Telecommunications Commission (NTC), an increasing number of people in both urban and rural areas listen to radio on their mobile phones rather than a conventional radio set. They broadcast a wide variety of music, news, talk-shows, dramas and religious programming. According to the National Commission on Culture and the Arts, there are 57 million TV viewers in the Philippines. Many channels, such as the ANC, GMA News TV and CNN- Philippines, broadcast only news and current affairs programs. There are also several Christian TV channels, including the powerful Catholic Media Network’s flagship TV station TV Maria. Other popular Catholic TV channels are EWTN and Familyland. Public broadcast stations Although commercial (private) broadcasting has flourished in the Philippines, state radio and television command relatively 4 low audiences, due in large part to problems mentioned above. In addition, public sector broadcasters suffer from low levels of government investment and are banned from carrying advertising. This prevents them from topping up their budget allocations with commercial revenue. State media is very weak, partly because it is banned from supplementing its budget with advertising. It also currently suffers from bad reputation stemming from the Rodrigo Duterte government’s shift to online media as primary platforms, numerous gaffes, massive lay-offs and other problems. The state-owned Philippine Broadcasting Service (PBS) runs a nationwide network of 32 Medium Wave stations and a handful of FM stations. It also broadcasts on Short Wave. The state-owned People’s Television Inc (PNTI) previously operates three television channels, but in recent years has been forced to sell off its RPN-9 channel, which is now CNN- Philippines, and suspend operations of its IBC-13, which is now moribund. PTV-4 is the only remaining public television channel. Newspapers In the print medium, there are about 28 regular daily newspapers, both broadsheets and tabloids, published in Metro Manila, the regional capital of the Philippines. Dozens more daily and weekly newspapers are published in provincial cities. Many of the country’s biggest newspapers are also owned by big businesses that own radio and TV networks. In general, private media ownership is concentrated in the hands of a few large privately owned groups and families. Most
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