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Patogene Glive Na Izbranih Drevesnih Vrstah V Dendrološkem Vrtu Oddelka Za Gozdarstvo in Obnovljive Gozdne Vire

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Patogene Glive Na Izbranih Drevesnih Vrstah V Dendrološkem Vrtu Oddelka Za Gozdarstvo in Obnovljive Gozdne Vire UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI BIOTEHNIŠKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA GOZDARSTVO IN OBNOVLJIVE GOZDNE VIRE Irena NAGODE PATOGENE GLIVE NA IZBRANIH DREVESNIH VRSTAH V DENDROLOŠKEM VRTU ODDELKA ZA GOZDARSTVO IN OBNOVLJIVE GOZDNE VIRE DIPLOMSKO DELO Visokošolski strokovni študij Ljubljana, 2008 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI BIOTEHNIŠKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA GOZDARSTVO IN OBNOVLJIVE GOZDNE VIRE Irena NAGODE PATOGENE GLIVE NA IZBRANIH DREVESNIH VRSTAH V DENDROLOŠKEM VRTU ODDELKA ZA GOZDARSTVO IN OBNOVLJIVE GOZDNE VIRE DIPLOMSKO DELO Visokošolski strokovni študij PATHOGENIC FUNGI ON THE CHOSEN SPECIES OF TREES AT THE DENDROLOGICAL GARDEN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND RENEWABLE FOREST RESOURCES GRADUATION THESIS Higher professional studies Ljubljana, 2008 Nagode I. Patogene glive na izbranih drevesnih vrstah v dendrološkem vrtu oddelka za Gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire. II Dipl.delo. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, BF, Odd. za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire, 2008 Diplomsko delo je zaključek Visokošolskega strokovnega študija gozdarstva na Oddelku za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire Biotehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani. Opravljeno je bilo na Oddelku za varstvo gozdov Gozdarskega inštituta Slovenije. Določevanje gliv je potekalo v mikroskopirnici na Gozdarskem inštitutu Slovenije, ki je del Laboratorija za varstvo gozdov. Študijska komisija Oddelka za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire je za mentorja diplomskega dela imenovala doc. dr Dušana Jurca in za recenzenta prof. dr. Majo Jurc. Komisija za oceno in zagovor: Predsednik: Član: Član: Datum zagovora: Diplomsko delo je rezultat lastnega raziskovalnega dela. Podpisana se strinjam z objavo svoje naloge v polnem tekstu na spletni strani Digitalne knjižnice Biotehniške fakultete. Izjavljam, da je naloga, ki sem jo oddala v elektronski obliki, identična tiskani verziji. Irena Nagode Nagode I. Patogene glive na izbranih drevesnih vrstah v dendrološkem vrtu oddelka za Gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire. III Dipl.delo. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, BF, Odd. za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire, 2008 KLJUČNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA INFORMACIJA ŠD Dn DK GDK 162:172.8:272(043.2)=163.6 KG patogene glive/urbano drevje/dendrološki vrt Oddelka za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire AV NAGODE, Irena SA JURC, Dušan (mentor) KZ SI-1000 Ljubljana, Večna pot 83 ZA Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire LI 2008 IN PATOGENE GLIVE NA IZBRANIH DREVESNIH VRSTAH V DENDROLOŠKEM VRTU ODDELKA ZA GOZDARSTVO IN OBNOVLJIVE GOZDNE VIRE TD Diplomsko delo (Visokošolski strokovni študij) OP IX, 39 str., 1 pregl., 32sl., 20 vir. IJ sl JI sl/en AI V diplomski nalogi smo raziskovali obolelost drevesnih vrst z glivami, v dendrološkem vrtu Oddelka za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire, BF, Univerze v Ljubljani. Namen naloge je bil poiskati simptome, ki nakazujejo okužbo z glivami ter te glive determinirati, opisati njihovo delovanje in predlagati ukrepe za njihovo zatiranje. V dendrološkem vrtu smo nabrali vzorce obolelih rastlinskih delov, ki smo jih nato mikroskopirali ter s pomočjo determinacijskih ključev za glive, določili povzročitelja. Vzorce ugotovljenih bolezni smo shranili v mikološko zbirko Gozdarskega inštituta, njihove lokacije pa vnesli v podatkovno zbirko. Določili smo 12 vrst gliv, ki v dendrološkem vrtu povzročajo bolezni na drevju. Med bolj patogene sodijo Petrakia echinata, Sphaeropsis sapinea, Blumeriella jaapii ter glive iz družine pepelark, ostale so manj patogene. Na nekaj obolelih drevesih povzročitelja nismo odkrili zato predvidevamo da so vzrok drugi škodljivi dejavniki. Nagode I. Patogene glive na izbranih drevesnih vrstah v dendrološkem vrtu oddelka za Gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire. IV Dipl.delo. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, BF, Odd. za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire, 2008 KEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION DN Gt DC FDC 162:172.8:272(043.2)=163.6 CX pathogenic fungus/urban trees/dendrological garden of the department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources AU NAGODE, Irena AA JURC, Dušan (supervisor) PP SI-1000 Ljubljana, Večna pot 83 PB University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical faculty, Department of forestry and renewable forest resources PY 2008 TI PATHOGENIC FUNGI ON THE CHOSEN SPECIES OF TREES AT THE DENDROLOGICAL GARDEN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND RENEWABLE FOREST RESOURCES DT Graduation thesis ( higher professional studies ) NO IX, 39 p., 1 tab., 32 fig., 20 ref. LA sl AL sl/en AB We have studied the tree diseases caused by fungi in the dendrological garden of the Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, BF, University of Ljubljana. The aim of the study was to identify the symptoms of tree diseases to determine the fungi and describe their pathogenic activity and propose measures to combat them. The samples from infected plants were analysed with the aid of binocular and microscope, the pathogens were determined using identification keys for fungi. The samples with identified pathogens were added to the mycological collection of the Slovenian Forestry Institute, and their location were entered into the database. We have identified 12 species of fungi, responsible for tree diseases in the dendrological garden. The more pathogenic are Petrakia echinata, Sphaeropsis sapinea, Blumeriella jaapii and fungi from the Erysiphaceae family. In some cases the infections could not be attributed to fungi, we suppose that the damage was caused by other harmful factors. Nagode I. Patogene glive na izbranih drevesnih vrstah v dendrološkem vrtu oddelka za Gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire. V Dipl.delo. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, BF, Odd. za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire, 2008 KAZALO VSEBINE KLJUČNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA INFORMACIJA III KEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION IV KAZALO VSEBINE V KAZALO PREGLEDNIC VII KAZALO SLIK VIII 1 UVOD 1 2 PREDSTAVITEV DENDROLOŠKEGA VRTA ODDELKA ZA GOZDARSTVO IN OBNOVLJIVE GOZDNE VIRE 2 3 MATERIALI IN METODE 4 3.1 TERENSKO DELO 4 3.2 DELO V MIKROSKOPIRNICI 4 3.3 MIKOLOŠKA ZBIRKA 5 4 REZULTATI 6 4.1 Petrakia echinata (Peglion) Syd. & P. Syd.(1913) 9 4.2 SUŠICA NAJMLAJŠIH BOROVIH POGANJKOV 10 4.3 Phyllosticta aucupariae Thüm. (1878) 11 4.4 PEPELARKE (Erysiphaceae) 12 4.4.1 Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon & Maubl.) U. Braun & S. Takam. (2000) 12 4.4.2 Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév.(1851) 13 4.4.3 Sawadaea bicornis (Wallr.) Homma (1937) 14 4.5 ČEŠNJEVA LISTNA PEGAVOST 15 4.6 Cyclaneusma minus (Butin) DiCosmo, Peredo & Minter (1983) 16 4.7 Lophodermium pini-excelsae S. Ahmad (1954) 17 4.8 Meloderma desmazieri (Duby) Darker (1967) 18 4.9 Asteroma frondicola (Fr. ex Ficinus & C. Schub.) M. Morelet (1978) 19 4.10 Gnomonia fimbriata (Pers.) Fuckel (1870) 20 5 RAZPRAVA IN SKLEPI 21 5.1 RAZPRAVA 21 5.1.1 Petrakia echinata (Peglion) Syd. & P. Syd.(1913) 21 5.1.2 Sušica najmlajših borovih poganjkov 22 Nagode I. Patogene glive na izbranih drevesnih vrstah v dendrološkem vrtu oddelka za Gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire. VI Dipl.delo. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, BF, Odd. za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire, 2008 5.1.3 Phyllosticta aucupariae Thüm. (1878) 24 5.1.4 Pepelarke 25 5.1.5 Češnjeva listna pegavost 28 5.1.6 Rumeni osip borovih iglic 29 5.1.7 Lophodermium pini-excelsae S. Ahmad (1954) 30 5.1.8 Meloderma desmazieri (Duby) Darker (1967) 31 5.1.9 Asteroma frondicola (Fr. ex Ficinus & C. Schub.) M. Morelet (1978) 32 5.1.10 Gnomonia fimbriata (Pers.) Fuckel (1870) 32 5.2 SKLEPI 34 6 POVZETEK 36 7 VIRI 38 Nagode I. Patogene glive na izbranih drevesnih vrstah v dendrološkem vrtu oddelka za Gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire. VII Dipl.delo. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, BF, Odd. za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire, 2008 KAZALO PREGLEDNIC Preglednica 1: Gostitelji determiniranih gliv ter njihova natančna lokacija 6 Nagode I. Patogene glive na izbranih drevesnih vrstah v dendrološkem vrtu oddelka za Gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire. VIII Dipl.delo. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, BF, Odd. za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire, 2008 KAZALO SLIK Slika 1: Dendrološki vrt Oddelka za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire 2 Slika 2: Ortofoto posnetek Dendrološkega vrta Oddelka za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire z lokacijami okuženih dreves 7 Slika 3: Načrt dendrološkega vrta Oddelka za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire povzet po Savnik (2006) z označenimi lokacijami okuženih dreves 8 Slika 4: Trosišča glive Petrakia echinata 9 Slika 5: Konidiji glive Petrakia echinata 9 Slika 6: Črni piknidiji glive Sphaeropsis sapinea 10 Slika 7: Konidiji glive Sphaeropsis sapinea 10 Slika 8: Piknidiji glive Phyllosticta aucupariae 11 Slika 9: Piknidij glive Phyllosticta aucupariae 11 Slika 10: Konidiji glive Phyllosticta aucupariae 11 Slika 11: Splet hif s kleistoteciji 13 Slika 12: Kleistotecij glive Erysiphea alphitoides 13 Slika 13: Kleistotecij glive Phyllactinia guttata 13 Slika 14: Askospore glive Phyllactinia guttata 13 Slika 15: Kleistotecij glive Sawadaea bicornis 14 Slika 16: Splet hif s kleistoteciji 14 Slika 17: Ask z askosporami 14 Slika 18: Nekrotična pega na listu divje češnje 1 Slika 19: Nespolno trosišče glive Blumeriella jaapii 1 Slika 20: Odprti apoteciji glive Cyclaneusma minus 16 Slika 21: Aski z nitastimi askosporami 16 Slika 22: Histerotecij glive Lophodermium pini-excelsae 17 Slika 23: Aski z askosporami 17 Slika 24: Askospore glive Lophodermium pini- excelsae 17 Slika 25: Odpirajoči apoteciji glive Meloderma desmazieriError! Bookmark not defined. Slika 26: Ask z askosporami 18 Slika 27: Parafize 18 Nagode I. Patogene glive na izbranih drevesnih vrstah v dendrološkem vrtu oddelka za
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