DOCSLIB.ORG

Eesti Maaülikool Estonian University of Life Sciences

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Eesti Maaülikool Estonian University of Life Sciences EESTI MAAÜLIKOOL ESTONIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF PINE FOLIAGE DISEASES BY THE USE OF THE NEEDLE TRACE METHOD OKKAJÄLJEMEETODI KASUTAMISEST MÄNNI OKKAHAIGUSTE EPIDEMIOLOOGILISES UURIMISTÖÖS REIN DRENKHAN A Thesis for applying of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry Väitekiri filosoofiadoktori kraadi taotlemiseks metsanduse erialal Tartu 2011 Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering Estonian University of Life Sciences According to verdict No 74 of December 3, 2010 the Doctoral Committee of the Agricultural and Natural Sciences of the Estonian University of Life Sciences has accepted the thesis for the defence of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry. Opponent: Dr. Risto Kasanen Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Department of Forest Sciences Forest Pathology University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland Supervisor: Dr. Märt Hanso Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering Estonian University of Life Sciences Defence of the thesis: Estonian University of Life Sciences, room 1A5, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu on January 13, 2011, at 10:00. The English language was edited by Mr. Terry Bush (USA), and the Estonian by Tiiu Kukk. Publication of this dissertation is supported by the Estonian University of Life Sciences and by the Doctoral School of Earth Sciences and Ecology created under the auspices of European Social Fund. © Rein Drenkhan, 2011 ISBN 978-9949-426-93-5 CONTENTS LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS .....................................7 ABBREVIATIONS AND SOME DEFINITIONS ......................9 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................11 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................................14 2.1. History and entity of the Needle Trace Method (NTM) .....14 2.2. Extractable by NTM foliage characteristics and growth rate of Scots pine ................................................................15 2.3. Needle loss related to the growth of Scots pine ...................16 2.4. Hitherto use of the NTM in forest pathology .....................17 2.5. Retrospective needle and growth data series in forest ecology ...............................................................................18 2.6. Lophodermium needle cast and its agent, Lophodermium seditiosum ..........................................................................20 2.7. New alien invasive pathogens .............................................21 2.7.1. Mycosphaerella pini ...................................................21 2.7.2. Mycosphaerella dearnessii ...........................................22 2.7.3. Diplodia pinea ..........................................................23 2.7.4. Cyclaneusma minus ...................................................24 2.8. Climatic excesses as the obvious trigger of the recent inva- sions ...................................................................................24 3. AIMS OF THE STUDY ............................................................27 4. MATERIAL AND METHODS .................................................28 4.1. Study sites and sample sizes ................................................28 4.2. Field and laboratory measurements ....................................31 4.2.1. NTM techniques and tree sampling .........................31 4.2.2. Collection of symptomatic needles and fungal species identifications ....................................................................32 4.2.3. Fungal isolates ..........................................................33 4.2.4. Molecular techniques ...............................................33 4.3. Data analysis ......................................................................34 5. RESULTS ...................................................................................38 5.1. Correlation between the needle sets and growth characteris- tics of Scots pine trees ........................................................38 5.2. The effect of productive foliage on the tree growth .............39 5.3. Needle loss dynamics during the study period ....................42 5.4. Impact of needle loss from productive foliage on the tree growth ...............................................................................42 5.5. Practical use of retrospective needle and weather datasets to distinguish outbreaks of needle pathogens of Scots pine .....45 5.6. New information about different aspects in Lophodermium needle cast epidemiology, extracted from the retrospective needle dataset .....................................................................46 5.7. New alien invasive foliar pathogens and their colonisation process of Estonia ...............................................................53 5.7.1. Mycosphaerella pini ...................................................53 5.7.2. Mycosphaerella dearnessii ...........................................53 5.7.3. Diplodia pinea ..........................................................54 5.7.4. Cyclaneusma minus ...................................................55 6. DISCUSSION ...........................................................................56 6.1. Needle age, productive foliage and growth of Scots pine ....56 6.2. Loss of needles from the productive foliage and its impact on the tree growth ...................................................................58 6.3. Epidemiology of Lophodermium needle cast and the retro- spective needle dataset ........................................................60 6.3.1. Recurring of Lophodermium needle cast epidemics ...60 6.3.2. Seasonal development of Lophodermium needle cast ...60 6.3.3. Forecasting of Lophodermium needle cast epidemics ...61 6.3.4. Highest vulnerable age limit of pine toward Lophoder- mium needle cast ................................................................62 6.3.5. Impact of Lophodermium needle cast and of herbivo- rous insect pests to tree growth ...........................................63 6.4. New foliar diseases of pines and their spreading in Estonia ...64 6.5. Invasive versus native foliar diseases of pines and evaluation of their possible risk in the natural conditions of Estonia ...66 6.5.1. Droughts and invasions ............................................66 6.5.2. Epidemic versus chronic diseases ..............................66 6.6. Future prospects .................................................................68 7. CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................69 REFERENCES ..........................................................................73 SUMMARY IN ESTONIAN .....................................................89 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................97 PUBLICATIONS ......................................................................99 ELULOOKIRJELDUS ............................................................198 CURRICULUM VITAE ..........................................................200 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS .....................................................202 PRESENTATIONS .................................................................205 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS The thesis is based on the following papers; in the text the references to these papers are given in Roman numerals. The papers in this thesis are reproduced by the kind permission of the publishers. I Drenkhan, R., Kurkela, T., Hanso, M. 2006. The relationship bet- ween the needle age and the growth rate in Scots pine (Pinus sylvest- ris): a retrospective analysis by needle trace method (NTM). Euro- pean Journal of Forest Research 125: 397–405. II Hanso, M., Drenkhan, R. 2007. Retrospective analysis of Lopho- dermium seditiosum epidemics in Estonia. Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica, Special Edition: 31-45. III Hanso, M., Drenkhan, R. 2008. First observations of Mycosphae- rella pini in Estonia. Plant Pathology 57: 1177. IV Kurkela, T., Drenkhan, R., Vuorinen, M., Hanso, M. 2009. Growth response of young Scots pines to needle loss assessed from productive foliage. Forestry Studies/ Metsanduslikud Uurimused 50: 5–22. V Hanso, M., Drenkhan, R. 2009. Diplodia pinea is a new pathogen on Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) in Estonia. Plant Pathology 58: 797. VI Drenkhan, R., Hanso, M. 2009. Recent invasion of foliage fungi of pines (Pinus spp.) to the Northern Baltics. Forestry Studies / Metsanduslikud Uurimused 51: 49–64. VII Hanso, M., Drenkhan, R. 2010. Epidemiology of Lophodermium needle cast of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Estonia. Forest Pat- hology (manuscript, submitted). The contributions of the authors to the papers were as follows: Paper Original idea Data Data Preparation of and study design collection analysis manuscript I TK, RD, MH RD, TK, MH, MV TK, RD TK, RD, MH II MH, RD RD, MH RD, MH MH, RD III RD, MH RD, MH RD MH, RD IV TK, RD, MH RD, TK, MH, MV TK, RD TK, RD, MH V MH, RD RD RD RD, MH VI RD, MH RD, MH RD MH, RD VII MH, RD RD, MH RD, MH MH, RD RD – Rein Drenkhan, MH – Märt Hanso, TK – Timo Kurkela, MV – Martti Vuorinen. 7 The connections via different subjects between the papers presented in this thesis I 3 1;3 II VII 3 2 3 3 1; 2 1 3 III 2 VI 3 1; 2 2 2 2 IV V 1. Investigation of the impact of needle longevity and of needle loss solely from the productive foliage to the growth characteristics of Scots pine. 2. New alien invasive foliage fungi of pines in Estonia: the fungi (e.g. Mycosphaerella pini et al.), the process of colonisation in the country, the exotic hosts as vectors of new pathogens to the native Scots
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Retrospective Analysis of Lophodermium Seditiosum Epidemics in Estonia
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Directory of Open Access Journals Acta Silv. Lign. Hung., Spec. Edition (2007) 31-45 Retrospective Analysis of Lophodermium seditiosum Epidemics in Estonia * Märt HANSO – Rein DRENKHAN Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Tartu, Estonia Abstract – The needle trace method (NTM), created and developed by the Finnish forest pathologists prof. T. Kurkela, dr. R. Jalkanen and T. Aalto during the last decade of the XX century, has been already used by several researchers of different countries for retrospective analysis of needle diseases (Hypodermella sulcigena , by R. Jalkanen et al. in Finland) or herbivorous insect pests of Scots pine (Diprion pini, by T. Kurkela et al. in Finland; Bupalus piniaria , by H. Armour et al. in Scotland), but as well of pests of Sitka spruce (Gilpinia hercyniae , by D.T. Williams et al. in England). Scots pine in forest nurseries and young plantations of Estonia is often but irregularly suffering from the epidemics of the needle cast fungus Lophodermium seditiosum . Current environmental regulations exclude from the regulatory (control) measures all the others except of well-argued prophylactic systems, built up on reliable prognoses. The last is inconceivable without the availability of a reliable, as well, and long- lasting retrospective time-series of L. seditiosum epidemics, which, as it is known from the last half of the XX century, are occupying large forest areas, usually not least than a half of (the small) Estonia. An appropriate time-series would be useful, as well, for the more basic understanding of the accelerated mortality processes during the stand formation in early pole-age Scots pine plantations.
    [Show full text]
  • Lophodermium Aff. Seditiosum Minter, Staley & Millar, Trans
    Lophodermium aff. seditiosum Minter, Staley & Millar, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 71(2): 300 (1978) COROLOGíA Registro/Herbario Fecha Lugar Hábitat MAR-301108 01 30/11/2008 Valdelatas (Madrid) Sobre acículas de pino Leg.: Fermín Pancorbo piñonero (Pinus pinea) Det.: TAXONOMíA • Citas en listas publicadas: Index of Fungi 4: 567 • Posición en la clasificación: Rhytismataceae, Rhytismatales, Leotiomycetidae, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi • Sinónimos: o Depazea linearis Rostr., (1883) o Leptostroma rostrupii Minter, Can. J. Bot. 58(8): 912 (1980) o Leptostroma austriacum Oudem., Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet., Ser. C, Biol. Med. Sci.: 208 (1904) DESCRIPCIÓN MACRO Apotecios de 2-3 x 1-2 mm que surgen del interior de la acícula del pino, levantando la epidermis formando una hendidura longitudinal fusiforme-navicular, similar a un grano de café, poco emergente, de bordes negros e himenio liso, amarillento a gris-oliváceo. Carne gelatinosa-cérea DESCRIPCIÓN MICRO Lophodermium aff. seditiosum 301108 01 Página 1 de 4 1. Ascas cilíndrico-claviformes, no amiloides, octospóricas, con las esporas retorcidas en espiral Medidas ascas (400x, en agua, material fresco) 122.8 [154.1 ; 169.8] 201.1 x 11.9 [15.1 ; 16.6] 19.8 N = 25 ; C = 95%; Me = 161.93 x 15.85 2. Esporas filiformes-aciculares, con un extremo romo y el otro terminado en punta, arqueadas, lisas, hialinas, plurigutuladas, no septadas y recubiertas enteramente por un material mucilaginoso Lophodermium aff. seditiosum 301108 01 Página 2 de 4 Medidas esporales (400x, en agua, siguiendo el contorno de la espora) 104.9 [122.4 ; 129] 146.5 x 2.5 [3.3 ; 3.6] 4.3 Q = 27.1 [35.8 ; 39.1] 47.7 ; N = 40 ; C = 95% Me = 125.71 x 3.41 ; Qe = 37.42 3.
    [Show full text]
  • A Worldwide List of Endophytic Fungi with Notes on Ecology and Diversity
    Mycosphere 10(1): 798–1079 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/19 A worldwide list of endophytic fungi with notes on ecology and diversity Rashmi M, Kushveer JS and Sarma VV* Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, Puducherry, India Rashmi M, Kushveer JS, Sarma VV 2019 – A worldwide list of endophytic fungi with notes on ecology and diversity. Mycosphere 10(1), 798–1079, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/19 Abstract Endophytic fungi are symptomless internal inhabits of plant tissues. They are implicated in the production of antibiotic and other compounds of therapeutic importance. Ecologically they provide several benefits to plants, including protection from plant pathogens. There have been numerous studies on the biodiversity and ecology of endophytic fungi. Some taxa dominate and occur frequently when compared to others due to adaptations or capabilities to produce different primary and secondary metabolites. It is therefore of interest to examine different fungal species and major taxonomic groups to which these fungi belong for bioactive compound production. In the present paper a list of endophytes based on the available literature is reported. More than 800 genera have been reported worldwide. Dominant genera are Alternaria, Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Phoma. Most endophyte studies have been on angiosperms followed by gymnosperms. Among the different substrates, leaf endophytes have been studied and analyzed in more detail when compared to other parts. Most investigations are from Asian countries such as China, India, European countries such as Germany, Spain and the UK in addition to major contributions from Brazil and the USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Barcoding of the Endophytic Fungi Associated with a Healthy Syzygium Cordatum Tree in South Africa
    © University of Pretoria DECLARATION I, Angelica Marsberg declare that the thesis, which I hereby submit for the degree Magister Scientiae at the University of Pretoria, is my own work and has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other tertiary institution. ___________________ Angelica Marsberg June 2012 2 © University of Pretoria TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... i Preface ......................................................................................................................... ii CHAPTER 1 Factors affecting endophyte-host interactions ........................................................ 1 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction: Old term, new concept .................................................................. 3 2. The evolution of endophyte-host interactions ..................................................... 5 3. Direct effects of endophytes on their hosts ........................................................ 8 4. Complexity of the endophyte infection process .................................................. 12 5. Factors affecting endophyte communities on host plants ................................... 13 6. Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 16 7. References ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mycosphere Notes 169–224 Article
    Mycosphere 9(2): 271–430 (2018) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/2/8 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Mycosphere notes 169–224 Hyde KD1,2, Chaiwan N2, Norphanphoun C2,6, Boonmee S2, Camporesi E3,4, Chethana KWT2,13, Dayarathne MC1,2, de Silva NI1,2,8, Dissanayake AJ2, Ekanayaka AH2, Hongsanan S2, Huang SK1,2,6, Jayasiri SC1,2, Jayawardena RS2, Jiang HB1,2, Karunarathna A1,2,12, Lin CG2, Liu JK7,16, Liu NG2,15,16, Lu YZ2,6, Luo ZL2,11, Maharachchimbura SSN14, Manawasinghe IS2,13, Pem D2, Perera RH2,16, Phukhamsakda C2, Samarakoon MC2,8, Senwanna C2,12, Shang QJ2, Tennakoon DS1,2,17, Thambugala KM2, Tibpromma, S2, Wanasinghe DN1,2, Xiao YP2,6, Yang J2,16, Zeng XY2,6, Zhang JF2,15, Zhang SN2,12,16, Bulgakov TS18, Bhat DJ20, Cheewangkoon R12, Goh TK17, Jones EBG21, Kang JC6, Jeewon R19, Liu ZY16, Lumyong S8,9, Kuo CH17, McKenzie EHC10, Wen TC6, Yan JY13, Zhao Q2 1 Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P.R. China 2 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 3 A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese ‘‘Antonio Cicognani’’, Via Roma 18, Forlı`, Italy 4 A.M.B. Circolo Micologico ‘‘Giovanni Carini’’, C.P. 314, Brescia, Italy 5 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P.R. China 6 Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of national education Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, P.R.
    [Show full text]
  • FUNDAMENTOS EN EL MANEJO DEL TIZÓN FOLIAR Lophodermium Sp
    FUNDAMENTOS EN EL MANEJO DEL TIZÓN FOLIAR Lophodermium sp. EN BOSQUES DE PINO DE LA SIERRA NORTE DE PUEBLA Tesis realizada por Edgar Espinosa Guerrero, bajo la dirección del Comité Asesor indicado, aprobada por el mismo y aceptada como requisito parcial para obtener el grado de: MAESTRO EN CIENCIAS EN CIENCIAS FORESTALES DIRECTOR: _____________________________________ DR. DAVID CIBRIÁN TOVAR CO-DIRECTOR: __________________________________ DRA. LUZ JUDITH RODRIGUEZ ESPARZA ASESOR: ______________________________________ DRA. SILVIA EDITH GARCIA DÍAZ ASESOR: ______________________________________ DR. DANTE ARTURO RODRIGUEZ TREJO I II ÍNDICE INDICE DE FIGURAS ................................................................................................. IV INDICE DE CUADROS ................................................................................................. V DEDICATORIA ............................................................................................................ VI AGRADECIMIENTOS ................................................................................................ VII DATOS BIOGRÁFICOS ............................................................................................ VIII RESUMEN GENERAL ................................................................................................ IX GENERAL ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ X CAPÍTULO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • PIPITS: an Automated Pipeline for Analyses of Fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences from the Illumina Sequencing Platform
    Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2015, 6, 973–980 doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12399 APPLICATION PIPITS: an automated pipeline for analyses of fungal internal transcribed spacer sequences from the Illumina sequencing platform Hyun S. Gweon1*, Anna Oliver1, Joanne Taylor2, Tim Booth1, Melanie Gibbs1,DanielS.Read1, Robert I. Griffiths1 and Karsten Schonrogge1 1Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK; and 2Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK Summary 1. Studying fungal biodiversity using data generated from Illumina MiSeq sequencing platforms poses a number of bioinformatic challenges with the analysis typically involving a large number of tools for each analytical step from quality filtering to generating identified operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance tables. 2. Here, we introduce PIPITS, an open-source stand-alone suite of software for automated processing of Illumina MiSeq sequences for fungal community analysis. PIPITS exploits a number of state of the art applications to process paired-end reads from quality filtering to producing OTU abundance tables. 3. We provide detailed descriptions of the pipeline and show its utility in the analysis of 9 396 092 sequences generated on the MiSeq platform from Illumina MiSeq. 4. PIPITS is the first automated bioinformatics pipeline dedicated for fungal ITS sequences which incorporates ITSx to extract subregions of ITS and exploits the latest RDP Classifier to classify sequences against the curated UNITE fungal data set. Key-words: bioinformatics, DNA metabarcoding, fungi, internal transcribed spacer, pipeline archaeal components of microbial communities, less effort has Introduction been devoted to the study of genetic markers to describe fungal Fungi have major ecological roles in virtually every habitat on communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Diseases of Pacific Coast Conifers
    United Slates Department of Agriculture Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 521 0^1 Diseases of Pacific Coast »> K to§4f^K 4^^. r° V '^ ^ tS-^ä Diseases of Pacific Coast Conifers Robert F. Scharpf, Technical Coordinator, Retired Project Leader, Forest Disease Research USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Albany, CA ,#^^^ United States Department of Agriculture flAil) Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 521 Revised June 1993 DISEASES OF PACIFIC COAST CONIFERS Robert F. Scharpf U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Agriculture FHandbook No. 521 Abstract Scharpf, Robert F., tech. coord. 1993. Diseases of Pacific Coast Conifers. Agrie. FHandb. 521. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 199 p. This handbook provides basic information needed to identify the common diseases of Pacific Coast conifers. FHosts, distribution, disease cycles, and identifying characteristics are described for more than 1 50 diseases, including cankers, diebacks, galls, rusts, needle diseases, root diseases, mistletoes, and rots. Diseases in which abiotic factors are involved are also described. For some groups of diseases, a descriptive key to field identification is included. Oxford: 44/#5—1 747 Coniferae (79) Keywords: Diagnosis, abiotic diseases, needle diseases, cankers, dieback, galls, rusts, mistletoes, root diseases, rots. Contents Preface iv Acknowledgments iv Introduction v CHAPTER 1 Abiotic Diseases 1 CHAPTER 2 Needle Diseases 33 CHAPTER 3 Cankers, Diebacks, and Galls 61 CHAPTER 4 Rusts 83 CHAPTERS Mistletoes 112 CHAPTER 6 Root Diseases 136 CHAPTER? Rots 150 Glossary 181 Index to Host Plants, With Scientific Equivalents 188 Index to Disease Causal Agents 191 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN 0-16-041765-1 Preface This publication is a major revision of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Thematic Area: Conservation of Fungi Moderator: Dr
    XVI Congress of Euroepan Mycologists, N. Marmaras, Halkidiki, Greece September 18-23, 2011 Abstracts NAGREF-Forest Research Institute, Vassilika, Thessaloniki, Greece. XVI CEM Organizing Committee Dr. Stephanos Diamandis (chairman, Greece) Dr. Charikleia (Haroula) Perlerou (Greece) Dr. David Minter (UK, ex officio, EMA President) Dr. Tetiana Andrianova (Ukraine, ex officio, EMA Secretary) Dr. Zapi Gonou (Greece, ex officio, EMA Treasurer) Dr. Eva Kapsanaki-Gotsi (University of Athens, Greece) Dr. Thomas Papachristou (Greece, ex officio, Director of the FRI) Dr. Nadia Psurtseva (Russia) Mr. Vasilis Christopoulos (Greece) Mr. George Tziros (Greece) Dr. Eleni Topalidou (Greece) XVI CEM Scientific Advisory Committee Professor Dr. Reinhard Agerer (University of Munich, Germany) Dr. Vladimir Antonin (Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic) Dr. Paul Cannon (CABI & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK) Dr. Anders Dahlberg (Swedish Species Information Centre, Uppsala, Sweden) Dr. Cvetomir Denchev (Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria) Dr. Leo van Griensven (Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands) Dr. Eva Kapsanaki-Gotsi (University of Athens, Greece) Professor Olga Marfenina (Moscow State University, Russia) Dr. Claudia Perini (University of Siena, Italy) Dr. Reinhold Poeder (University of Innsbruck, Austria) Governing Committee of the European Mycological Association (2007-2011) Dr. David Minter President, UK Dr. Stephanos Diamandis Vice-President, Greece Dr. Tetiana Andrianova Secretary, Ukraine Dr. Zacharoula Gonou-Zagou Treasurer, Greece Dr. Izabela Kalucka Membership Secretary, Poland Dr. Ivona Kautmanova Meetings Secretary, Slovakia Dr. Machiel Nordeloos Executive Editor, Netherlands Dr. Beatrice Senn-Irlett Conservation officer, Switzerland Only copy-editing and formatting of abstracts have been done, therefore the authors are fully responsible for the scientific content of their abstracts Abstract Book editors Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Estudo Da Micobiota Associada Ao Lenho De Pinus Pinaster Afetado Pelo Nemátode-Da-Madeira-Do-Pinheiro (Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus) Em Portugal
    Estudo da micobiota associada ao lenho de Pinus pinaster afetado pelo nemátode-da-madeira-do-pinheiro (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) em Portugal Manuel Joaquim Fonseca Trindade Dissertação para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Agronómica´ Orientadores: Manuel Galvão de Melo e Mota Arlindo Lima Júri: Presidente: Doutora Cristina Maria Simões Oliveira, Professora Associada com Agregação do Instituto Superior de Agronomia da Universidade de Lisboa Vogais: Doutor Manuel Galvão de Melo e Mota, Professor Associado com Agregação da Universidade de Évora Doutora Ana Paula Ferreira Ramos, Professora Auxiliar do Instituto Superior de Agronomia da Universidade de Lisboa 2019 AOS MEUS PAIS i AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço: ao INIAV, I.P., nas pessoas da Diretora da UEISSAFSV (Amélia Lopes) e da Responsável Técnica pelo Laboratório de Micologia (Helena Bragança) pela autorização e disponibilização dos meios e material necessário para a execução do trabalho. ao conjunto de Investigadores que auxiliaram, ou na fase experimental ou no tratamento da informação: Ana Magro, Arlindo Lima, Eugénio Diogo (Micologia) Filomena Nóbrega e Eugénio Diogo (Biologia Molecular) Jorge Cadima (Estatística) aos Orientadores deste trabalho pelo contributo para que o mesmo se tornasse possível. Este Trabalho teve contributo em consumíveis de laboratório ou suporte financeiro para a sua aquisição, proveniente: do Projeto FCT PTDC/BIA‐MIC/3768/2012, MicroNema – “Análise espacial e temporal das comunidades microbianas na doença do pinheiro”; dos Laboratório de Micologia e de Genética Molecular – INIAV, IP; do laboratório de Micologia dos Produtos Armazenados – ISA/UL; do próprio autor. …agradeço ainda a um conjunto de AMIGOS, que por o serem, não requerem que aqui seja descrita a sua importância, o que tornaria a minha tarefa difícil, por ter que expressar em palavras, toda a minha gratidão… “Our lives are not our own.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Tree Species Diversity on Foliar Fungal Distribution
    Effects of Tree Species Diversity on Foliar Fungal Distribution Diem Nguyen Faculty of Forest Sciences Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala Doctoral Thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 2015 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae 2015:130 Cover: Tree species mixture from monoculture of a tree species to mixture of four tree species (Illustration: Diem Nguyen) ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN (print version) 978-91-576-8458-5 ISBN (electronic version) 978-91-576-8459-2 © 2015 Diem Nguyen, Uppsala Print: SLU Service/Repro, Uppsala 2015 Effects of Tree Species Diversity on Foliar Fungal Distribution Abstract European forest ecosystems span many different ecological zones and are rich in tree species. The environment in which the trees grow similarly affects fungal communities that interact with these trees. Fungal pathogens can cause severe damage to trees and potentially impair forest stability. In particular, pathogens that damage the foliage will affect the tree’s photosynthetic ability, partly or completely. At the same time, pathogens can create niches for different plants by removing dominant species. The foliage community also comprises fungal species whose ecological functions are not entirely known and may either positively or negatively impact the tree’s health status. The aim of this thesis was to understand the effect of tree species diversity in mitigating fungal pathogen damage and in affecting the fungal community distribution. To achieve this, visual assessment of leaves for pathogen damages was carried out on 16 different tree species from six European forests. The fungal communities of Norway spruce needles from four European forests were studied by using next generation sequencing technology, and fungal communities of birch leaves by sequencing and morphological assessment.
    [Show full text]
  • Foliar Fungi of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris)
    Foliar Fungi of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) Hanna Millberg Faculty of Forest Sciences Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala Doctoral Thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 2015 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae 2015:111 ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN (print version) 978-91-576-8420-2 ISBN (electronic version) 978-91-576-8421-9 © 2015 Hanna Millberg, Uppsala Print: SLU Service/Repro, Uppsala 2015 Foliar fungi of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) Abstract Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is an ecologically and economically important tree species in Fennoscandia. Scots pine needles host a variety of fungi, some with the potential to profoundly influence their host. These fungi can have beneficial or detrimental effects with important implications for both forest health and primary production. In this thesis, the foliar fungi of Scots pine needles were investigated with the aim of exploring spatial and temporal patterns, and development with needle age and health status. Using 454 sequencing, diverse fungal communities were detected from Scots pine needles sampled along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in Sweden and from forests along the Lithuanian coast. Latitude and altitude, as well as the forest edge, were found to influence the fungal community. Needle age and needle heath status affected the fungal community, while OTU (operational taxonomic unit) richness increased with needle age and in symptomatic needles. In addition, Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) was examined under Nordic conditions on seedlings of Scots pine and Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). The disease development of DNB was found to be comparable to what has been reported in studies from Europe and New Zealand.
    [Show full text]